1
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Yang Z, Xu J, Sun Y, Li X, Jia B, Du Y. Preparation of a benziodazole-type iodine(III) compound and its application as a nitrating reagent for synthesis of furazans via a copper-catalyzed cascade process. Commun Chem 2024; 7:155. [PMID: 38982259 PMCID: PMC11233585 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing hypervalent I(III) reagents bearing ONO2 group are limited in types and their applications primarily focused on the nitrooxylation reactions featuring a fully-exo fashion. Herein, a benziodazole-type O2NO-I(III) compound was prepared and its reaction with β-monosubstituted enamines in the presence of CuI could trigger a radical nitration/cyclization/dehydration cascade to provide a series of less explored but biologically interesting furazan heterocycles. Mechanistically, the benziodazole-type O2NO-I(III) compound acts as a nitrating reagent and incorporates its NO moiety into the final furazan product in a fully-endo model, a process of which was proposed to involve nitration, cyclization and dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuli Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bohan Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunfei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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2
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Li J, Heng P, Wang B, Wang B, Liu N, Wang X. Comparative Study on the Unimolecular Decompositions of Energetic Regioisomers: BFTF-1 and BFTF-2. FIREPHYSCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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3
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Sun Z, Zhang S, Ma Q, Li Y, Ding H, Yuan Y, Jia X. Tert-Butyl Nitrite-initiated C-N Bond Cleavage of 1-Nitromethyl-N-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines: Synthesis of Furoxans with N-NO Skeleton. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201265. [PMID: 36655414 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of furoxan derivatives with N-nitroso groups were synthesized in good yields by TBN initiated radical sp3 C-N bond cleavage of 1-nitromethyl-N-aryltetrahydroisoquinolines. This reaction grafts the biologically important furoxan skeleton and N-nitroso group into on molecule, greatly improving the molecular complexity in one step transformation. The mechanistic study shows that this reaction is mediated by the in situ generated α-carbonyl nitrile oxide, which is afforded by TBN promoted C-N bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yuemei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Han Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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4
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Insensitive High-Energy Density Materials Based on Azazole-Rich Rings: 1,2,4-Triazole N-Oxide Derivatives Containing Isomerized Nitro and Amino Groups. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043918. [PMID: 36835326 PMCID: PMC9962610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is an arduous and meaningful challenge to design and develop new energetic materials with lower sensitivity and higher energy. How to skillfully combine the characteristics of low sensitivity and high energy is the key problem in designing new insensitive high-energy materials. Taking a triazole ring as a framework, a strategy of N-oxide derivatives containing isomerized nitro and amino groups was proposed to answer this question. Based on this strategy, some 1,2,4-triazole N-oxide derivatives (NATNOs) were designed and explored. The electronic structure calculation showed that the stable existence of these triazole derivatives was due to the intramolecular hydrogen bond and other interactions. The impact sensitivity and the dissociation enthalpy of trigger bonds directly indicated that some compounds could exist stably. The crystal densities of all NATNOs were larger than 1.80 g/cm3, which met the requirement of high-energetic materials for crystal density. Some NATNOs (9748 m/s for NATNO, 9841 m/s for NATNO-1, 9818 m/s for NATNO-2, 9906 m/s for NATNO-3, and 9592 m/s for NATNO-4) were potential high detonation velocity energy materials. These study results not only indicate that the NATNOs have relatively stable properties and excellent detonation properties but also prove that the strategy of nitro amino position isomerization coupled with N-oxide is an effective means to develop new energetic materials.
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5
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Studies on ammonium dinitramide and 3, 4-diaminofurazan cocrystal for tuning the hygroscopicity. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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6
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Xu Y, Wang S, Li D, Wang P, Lin Q, Lu M. Safer and Convenient Synthesis of 3,4-Bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide (BNFF/DNTF). Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- China National Quality Inspection and Testing Center for Industrial Explosive Materials, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing 210094, China
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7
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Wang Y, Hu L, Staples RJ, Pang S, Shreeve JM. Highly Selective Nitroamino Isomerization Guided by Proton Transport Dynamics: Full-Nitroamino Imidazole[4,5- d]pyridazine Fused-Ring System. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52971-52978. [PMID: 36342074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the advantage of the hydrogen bond system formed by nitroamino isomerization, by the calculations of hydrogen transfer in reported nitroamino explosives, the proton transport dynamics was first proposed to predict the nitroamino isomerization of energetic materials. With the calculated results of zero-point energy, the full-nitroamino fused energetic materials, 2,4-nitroamino-7-nitroimino-1,5-dihydro-4H-imidazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine (FNPI-1) and 2,2',7,7'-tetranitromino-4,4'-azo-imidazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine (FNPI-2) were designed and successfully synthesized. The highly selective nitroamino isomerization of neutral compound FNPI-1 is shown by X-ray diffraction. After the hydrogen transfer occurs, the intermolecular hydrogen bonds will greatly promote tight stacking, which enhances the density and thus a series of comprehensive properties of energetic materials. The theoretical calculations of zero-point energy explain perfectly the selectivity of hydrogen transfer between the nitroamino groups and the fused-ring skeleton for FNPI-1. The hydrogen atom transfer and selective isomerization of nitroamino energetic materials can be accurately predicted following proton transport dynamics, which provides computational bases and new ideas for the efficient design of fully nitroamino-based explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lu Hu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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8
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Dong Z, Wu Z, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Lu GP. 2-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole as a novel building block for energetic materials. Front Chem 2022; 10:996812. [PMID: 36092665 PMCID: PMC9458958 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.996812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration of novel nitrogen-rich heterocyclic building blocks is of importance in the field of energetic materials. A series of 2-(1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives based on a new energetic skeleton have been first synthesized by a simple synthetic strategy. All three compounds are well-characterized by IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The compounds 5 and 8 are further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. 8 and its salts (8a-8c) possess relative high decomposition temperature and low sensitivity, while 5 exhibits low decomposition temperature and high sensitivity. According to EXPLO5 calculation results of detonation performance, both 5 and 8 display acceptable detonation velocities (D) of 8450 m/s and 8130 m/s and detonation pressures (P) of 31.6 GPa and 29.2 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, 5 containing a rare diazonium ylide structure shows high impact sensitivity (4.5 J), making it has a potential as a primary explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheting Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengqiang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuangang Xu, ; Guo-Ping Lu,
| | - Guo-Ping Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuangang Xu, ; Guo-Ping Lu,
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9
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Klenov MS, Lempert DB, Konnov AA, Gulyaev DA, Vatsadze IA, Kon’kova TS, Matyushin YN, Miroshnichenko EA, Vorobyev AB, Inozemtsev YO, Inozemtsev AV, Pivkina AN, Dmitrienko AO, Tartakovsky VA. 1,2-Bis(nitroazol-1-yl)diazenes: improved methods of synthesis, determination of the enthalpies of formation, and calculations of main energy characteristics of solid composite propellants based on these compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Zhang XJ, Cao JK, Ren JJ, Hong L, Liang RJ, Hao KY, Wei KL, Mi BJ, Liu Y, Zhu YP. Generation of azaarene nitrile oxides from methyl azaarenes and t-BuONO enabling the synthesis of furoxans and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A high-efficiency strategy for the synthesis of furoxans and 1,2,4-oxadiazoles has been developed, using tert-butyl nitrite (TBN) as the nitrogen source. Azaarene nitrile oxides were generated in situ via methyl azaarenes functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Kang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Lin Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Jin Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yan Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Li Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Jing Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Shandong, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
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11
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Xue Q, Bi F, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang B, Wu M. Synthesis and characterization of two 1,2,4-oxadiazole-furazan-based nitrate ester compounds as potential energetic plasticizers. FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Hu L, He C, Pang S, Shreeve JM. Multisubstituted Imidazolo[4,5- d]pyridazine Fused Ring System Resulting from Nitroamine-Nitroimine Tautomerism. Org Lett 2021; 23:7860-7864. [PMID: 34592100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of multisubstituted imidazolo[4,5-d]pyridazine fused ring compounds was synthesized in which nitroamine-nitroimine tautomerism is exhibited. The electrostatic potential indicates that the nitroimino group has the lowest negative value, second only to the nitro group, culminating in the nitroamino area, which has the highest positive value. In addition, a strong hydrogen bond system which arises from the newly formed nitroimino tautomer suggests that the nitroimino is more stable than its nitroamino analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Chunlin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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13
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Recent Synthetic Efforts towards High Energy Density Materials: How to Design High-Performance Energetic Structures? FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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14
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15
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Zhang J, Jin B, Song Y, Hao W, Huang J, Guo J, Huang T, Guo Z, Peng R. Series of AzTO-Based Energetic Materials: Effect of Different π-π Stacking Modes on Their Thermal Stability and Sensitivity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7118-7126. [PMID: 34080866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
π-Stacking is common in materials, but different π-π stacking modes remarkably affect the properties and performances of materials. In particular, weak interactions, π-stacking and hydrogen bonding, often have a great impact on the stability and sensitivity of high-energetic compounds. Therefore, several of energetic materials based on 1,1'-dihydroxyazotetrazole (1) with a nearly flat structure, such as the salts of aminoguanidine (2), 1,3-diaminoguanidine (3), imidazole (4), pyrazole (5) and triaminoguanidine (6), and a cocrystal of 2-methylimidazole (7), were designed and synthesized. Based on single-crystal diffraction data, thermal decomposition behaviors, and the mechanical sensitivity test, the compounds of 4, 5, and 7 with face-to-face π-π stacking display outstanding thermal stability and insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yulan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wenjia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jinkun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Zhicheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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16
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Tang Y, Huang W, Chinnam AK, Singh J, Staples RJ, Shreeve JM. Energetic Tricyclic Polynitropyrazole and Its Salts: Proton-Locking Effect of Guanidium Cations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8339-8345. [PMID: 34014642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An axisymmetric polynitro-pyrazole molecule, 3,5-di(3,5-dinitropyrazol-4-yl)]-4-nitro-1H-pyrazole (5), and its salts (6-12) were prepared and fully characterized. These compounds not only show promising energetic properties but also show a unique tautomeric switch via combining different cations with the axisymmetric compound (5). Its salts (6-9) remain axisymmetric when the cations are potassium, ammonium, or amino-1,2,4-triazolium. However, when the cations are guanidiums, the salts (10-12) dramatically become asymmetric owing to the fixed proton. The introduction of guanidium cations breaks the tautomeric equilibrium by blocking the prototropic transformations and results in the switch-off effect to tautomerism. The structural constraints of 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra provide strong evidence for the unusual structural constraint phenomenon. These stabilized asymmetric tautomers are very important from the point of molecular recognition, and this research may promote further developments in synthetic and isolation methodologies for novel bioactive pyrazole-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ajay Kumar Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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17
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Bauer D, Dosch DE, Fuchs V, Karaghiosoff K, Klapötke TM. A Study of 3,5‐Dinitro‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐amine (PicADNP) as a New High Energy Density Booster Explosive. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bauer
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Dominik E. Dosch
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Veronika Fuchs
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D) 81377 Munich Germany
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18
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Bondarchuk SV. Radical pair formation due to compression-induced electron transfer in crystals of energetic salts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1520-1526. [PMID: 33403377 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interesting effect was observed when studying explosive and non-explosive crystalline ionic materials at high pressures. A wide benchmark set of 76 crystals of different families was studied using the state-of-the-art methods at ambient pressure and in extremes (at 20, 50 and 100 GPa). It was found that hydrostatic compression leads to an electron transfer from the anion to the cation, which was carried out with different efficiencies for explosive and non-explosive salts. The measure of this electron transfer is reflected in the Hirshfeld charges (q) on cations, which decreased with the rise of pressure. Non-explosive materials are generally resistant to this effect, while explosives are much more susceptible. Thus, at 100 GPa, all the studied energetic salts demonstrate qcat < +0.1e, while for the non-explosive salts qcat > +0.1e. This value can be considered as a conditional boundary between explosive and non-explosive salts. The observed effect is in accord with the Szigeti's dielectric theory as well as with the electrophilicity/electronegativity equalization principle. In the present paper, we develop a mechanism of the explosive decomposition based on the assumption about formation of a radical pair as a result of the following reaction: . The study of such radicals revealed their intrinsic instability, which generally reflects either in a dissociative structure or in the presence of strongly weakened trigger bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Bondarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Nanomaterials Science, Bogdan Khmelnitsky Cherkasy National University, blvd. Shevchenko 81, 18031 Cherkasy, Ukraine.
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19
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Muravyev NV, Monogarov KA, Melnikov IN, Pivkina AN, Kiselev VG. Learning to fly: thermochemistry of energetic materials by modified thermogravimetric analysis and highly accurate quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15522-15542. [PMID: 34286759 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02201f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The standard state enthalpy of formation and the enthalpy of sublimation are essential thermochemical parameters determining the performance and application prospects of energetic materials (EM). Direct experimental measurements of these properties are complicated by low volatility and high heat release in bomb calorimetry experiments. As a result, the uncertainties in the reported enthalpies of formation for a number of even well-known CHNO-containing compounds might amount up to tens kJ mol-1, while for some novel high-nitrogen molecules they reach even hundreds of kJ mol-1. The present study reports a facile approach to determining the solid-state formation enthalpies comprised of complementary high-level quantum chemical calculations of the gas-phase thermochemistry and advanced thermal analysis techniques yielding sublimation enthalpies. The thermogravimetric procedure for the measurement of sublimation enthalpy was modified by using low external pressures (down to 0.2 Pa). This allows for observing sublimation/vaporization instead of thermal decomposition of the compounds studied. Extensive benchmarking on nonenergetic and energetic compounds reveals the average and maximal absolute errors of the sublimation enthalpies of 3.3 and 11.0 kJ mol-1, respectively. The comparison of the results with those obtained from the widely used Trouton-Williams empirical equation shows that the latter underestimates the sublimation enthalpy up to 140 kJ mol-1. Therefore, we performed a reparametrization of the latter equation with simple chemical descriptors that reduces the mean error down to 30 kJ mol-1. Highly accurate multi-level procedures W2-F12 and/or W1-F12 in conjunction with the atomization energy approach were used to calculate theoretically the gas-phase formation enthalpies. In several cases, the DLPNO-CCSD(T) enthalpies of isodesmic reactions were also employed to obtain the gas-phase thermochemistry for medium-sized important EMs. Combining the obtained thermochemical properties, we determined the solid-state enthalpies of formation for nearly 60 species containing various important explosophoric groups, from common nitroaromatics, nitroethers, and nitramines to novel nitrogen-rich heterocyclic species (e.g., the derivatives of pyrazole, tetrazole, furoxan, etc.). The large-scale benchmarking against the available experimental solid-state enthalpies of formation yielded the maximal inaccuracy of the proposed method of 25 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita V Muravyev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Monogarov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor N Melnikov
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alla N Pivkina
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vitaly G Kiselev
- Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, 4 Kosygina Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia. and Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia and Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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20
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Lang Q, Wang Q, Lin Q, Xu Y, Lu M. C 5H 2N 14O 6: achieving azido-based materials with zero oxygen balance and good energetic performance. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through introducing nitro groups, a high-nitrogen–oxygen compound (4) was prepared. The OBco of compound 4 was improved to the value of zero, and it also exhibits good detonation performance (9018 m s−1 and 34.5 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Dai C, Chen J, Tang J, Cheng G, Yang H. Combining 1,2,4-triazole and pyrazole frameworks for new insensitive energetic materials. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03433b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A new symmetric compound 3,5-bis(3-amine-4H-1,2,4-triazole)-1H-pyrazole and a series of corresponding energetic cationic salts were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- School of chemistry and chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jieyi Chen
- School of chemistry and chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of chemistry and chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of chemistry and chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of chemistry and chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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22
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Maan A, Mathpati RS, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Effect of multiple oxadiazole rings with nitro and nitramino functionalities on energetic properties: computational analysis of the structure–property relationship. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxadiazole ring is an essential nitrogen-containing heterocycle and a valuable building block that is used in developing numerous functionalized energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Maan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Ramling S. Mathpati
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Vikas D. Ghule
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra
- Kurukshetra-136119
- India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur-208016
- India
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23
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Yang R, Liu Y, Dong Z, Li H, Ye Z. 3- R-4-(5-Methyleneazide-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan and its ionic salts as low-sensitivity and high-detonation energetic materials. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01099a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
3-R-4-(5-Methyleneazide-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)furazan compounds as low-sensitivity and high-detonation energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhen Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Haiyan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Xiaolingwei 200
- Nanjing
- China
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24
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Hu L, Staples RJ, Shreeve JM. Hydrogen bond system generated by nitroamino rearrangement: new character for designing next generation energetic materials. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:603-606. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07101c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond systems stabilize molecules and shorten intermolecular distances to give higher density and lower sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
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25
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Zhang X, Zou F, Yang P, Gao C, Zhang C, Zou M, Cao X, Hu W, Zhou Q. Synthesis and Investigation of 2,4,6‐Trinitropyridin‐3‐ol and its Salts. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Fangfang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical Institution Wuhan Institute of Technology Guanggu 206, Donghu New Technology Development Zone Hubei China
| | - Pei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Chang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Mingxin Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Xinhua Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
| | - Wenxian Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutical Institution Wuhan Institute of Technology Guanggu 206, Donghu New Technology Development Zone Hubei China
| | - Qiuju Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/ Green Catalysis & Synthesis Key Laboratory of Xinyang City Xinyang Normal University Xinyang, Nanhu 237 Xinyang Henan Province P.R. China 464000
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26
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Zhao K, Shi Y, Li H, Huang H, Yang J. Composite energetic salt based on 3-nitramino-4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)furazan. Polyhedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2020.114810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Fan J, Meng Z, Dong X, Xue M, Qiu L, Liu X, Zhong F, He X. Colorimetric screening of nitramine explosives by molecularly imprinted photonic crystal array. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Yu Q, Yang H, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Cheng G, Shreeve JM. Derivatives of 3,6-Bis(3-aminofurazan-4-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: Excellent Energetic Properties with Lower Sensitivities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31522-31531. [PMID: 32545963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To find a balance between energy and safety, a series of compounds based on azo-, azoxy-, 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazene-, and 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-bridged bis(aminofurazan) were designed and synthesized. These compounds were analyzed by nitro group charges (Qnitro) and bond dissociation energy (BDE) calculations, which are related to sensitivity and stability. Based on the calculated results, derivatives of 3,6-bis(3-aminofurazan-4-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine have the largest values for -Qnitro and BDE of all of the bis(aminofurazan) compounds. This shows that compounds based on 3,6-bis(3-aminofurazan-4-ylamino)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine have the lowest sensitivities and best stabilities, which has been substantiated by experiments. Additionally, their explosive properties remain essentially competitive with compounds based on azo-, azoxy-, and 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazene-bridged bis(aminofurazan). Hirshfeld surface calculations were also performed to better understand the relationship between the molecular structure and stability/sensitivity. This work highlights the value of 3,6-diamino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine as a linker to achieve good balance between safety and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Gregory H Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Damon A Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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29
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Wu B, Duan X, Qi X, Zhou D, Wei J, Pei C. New Energetic Ionic Derivatives of Symmetric 4,6‐Dihydrazinium‐1,3,5‐Triazine‐2‐One Cation with Low Impact and Friction Sensitivities. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong road Mianyang 621010 P.R. China
- Sichuan Civil-military Integration InstituteSouthwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong road Mianyang 621010 P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong road Mianyang 621010 P.R. China
| | - Xiufang Qi
- School of National Defense Science and TechnologySouthwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong road Mianyang 621010 P.R. China
| | - Decai Zhou
- Sichuan Lanshi Technology Co. Ltd. Mianyang 621000 P.R. China
| | - Jingshu Wei
- Sichuan Lanshi Technology Co. Ltd. Mianyang 621000 P.R. China
| | - Chonghua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy MaterialsSouthwest University of Science and Technology 59 Qinglong road Mianyang 621010 P.R. China
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30
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Computational insight into polynitromethyl- and polydifluoroaminomethyl-substituted energetic derivatives of 2,3-dihydro pyrazino [2,3-e] [1, 2, 3, 4] tetrazine. J Mol Model 2020; 26:78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4346-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Xue Q, Bi FQ, Zhang JL, Wang ZJ, Zhai LJ, Huo H, Wang BZ, Zhang SY. A Family of Energetic Materials Based on 1,2,4-Oxadiazole and 1,2,5-Oxadiazole Backbones With Low Insensitivity and Good Detonation Performance. Front Chem 2020; 7:942. [PMID: 32154208 PMCID: PMC7044674 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Design and synthesis of new compounds with both high detonation performances and good safety properties have always been a formidable task in the field of energetic materials. By introducing -ONO2 and -NHNO2 moieties into 1,2,4-oxadiazole- and 1,2,5-oxadiazole-based backbones, a new family of energetic materials, including ammonium 3-nitramino-4-(5-hydroxymethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-furazan (4), 3,3′-bis[5-nitroxymethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-4,4′-azofuroxan (6), [3-(4-nitroamino-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-methylene nitrate (8), and its energetic ionic salts (10–12), were synthesized and fully characterized. The energetic and physical properties of the materials were investigated through theoretical calculations and experimental determination. The results show that the oxadiazole-based compounds exhibit high enthalpy of formations, good detonation performances, and extraordinary insensitivities. In particular, the hydrazinium salt (11) shows the best energetic properties (11: d = 1.821 g cm−3; P = 35.1 GPa, vD = 8,822 m s−1, IS = 40 J, FS > 360N). The ESP and Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated that a large number of hydrogen bonds as well as π-π stacking interactions within molecules might be the key reason for their low sensitivities and high energy-density levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Lian-Jie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-Zhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Sheng-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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32
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Zhang J, Pan G, Huang H, Yang J, Zhang J. The enhanced properties of energetic materials through ring replacement strategy. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Lei C, Yang H, Cheng G. New pyrazole energetic materials and their energetic salts: combining the dinitromethyl group with nitropyrazole. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1660-1667. [PMID: 31950953 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a series of pyrazole-derived energetic compounds were successfully synthesized. These energetic compounds were fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds 5, 6, 7 and 7a were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The physicochemical and energetic properties of all synthesized energetic compounds, including density, thermal stability and energetic performance, were investigated. The structure-property relationship was illustrated using two-dimensional fingerprint plots based on Hirshfeld surfaces, NCI plots and ESP of 7 and 7a. Among these energetic compounds, the hydroxylammonium salt 7b exhibited satisfactory calculated detonation performance (8700 m s-1), which was comparable to the commonly used highly explosive RDX (8748 m s-1). The potassium salt 5 was tested for its detonation ability by detonating RDX. The result indicates that compound 5 could be used as a potential green primary explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijin Lei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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34
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Hsieh Y, Wang B, Huang H, Yang J, Zhang J. A promising cation of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid amidrazone in desensitizing energetic materials. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2519-2525. [PMID: 35558575 PMCID: PMC9092565 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the development of energetic materials, insensitive compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their improved safety and lower cost than those of sensitive energetic compounds during production, transportation, and application. In this study, insensitive 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid amidrazone was used as a cation to obtain four derivatives which were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. It is interesting to note that all four derivatives are insensitive to impact and friction, while the velocities of detonation for derivatives are superior to that of insensitive TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene). Multi-factors analysis shows that the cation of 4-aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid amidrazone is a promising furazan-based cation in desensitizing energetic compounds. 4-Aminofurazan-3-carboxylic acid amidrazone was used to obtain four derivatives confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The derivatives are insensitive to impact and friction, while the velocities of detonation are superior to that of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Yunhao Hsieh
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Binshen Wang
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Material Sciences and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Biomaterials Research Center
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35
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Ma J, Yang H, Tang J, Zhang G, Yi Z, Zhu S, Cheng G. A novel energetic framework combining the advantages of furazan and triazole: a design for high-performance insensitive explosives. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:4675-4679. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00498g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Combining energetic furazan and triazole rings to achieve a series of high performance and insensitive energetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guojie Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhenxin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shunguan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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36
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Reichel M, Krumm B, Vishnevskiy YV, Blomeyer S, Schwabedissen J, Stammler HG, Karaghiosoff K, Mitzel NW. Solid-State and Gas-Phase Structures and Energetic Properties of the Dangerous Methyl and Fluoromethyl Nitrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18557-18561. [PMID: 31573130 PMCID: PMC6916544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An improved synthesis of the simplest nitric acid ester, methyl nitrate, and a new synthesis of fluoromethyl nitrate use the metathesis of the corresponding iodomethanes with silver nitrate. Both compounds were identified by spectroscopy and the structures determined for in situ grown crystals by X-ray diffraction as well as in the gas phase by electron diffraction. Fluorination leads to structures with shorter C-O and N-O bonds, has an energetically destabilizing effect and increases friction sensitivity, but decreases detonation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reichel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13(D), D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13(D), D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13(D), D-81377, München, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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37
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Reichel M, Dosch D, Klapötke T, Karaghiosoff K. Correlation between Structure and Energetic Properties of Three Nitroaromatic Compounds: Bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) Ether, Bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) Ether, and Bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) Thioether. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19911-19916. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reichel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Dosch
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (D), D-81377 Munich, Germany
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38
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Yu T, Liu Y, Chen S, Ge Z, Sun C, Pang S. Synthesis and Properties of Energetic Hydrazinium 5-Nitro-3-dinitromethyl-2 H-pyrazole by Unexpected Isomerization of N-Nitropyrazole. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19011-19017. [PMID: 31763523 PMCID: PMC6868590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new energetic salt, hydrazinium 5-nitro-3-dinitromethyl-2H-pyrazole, was synthesized using 1-nitro-3-trinitromethylpyrazole and hydrazine as raw materials and fully characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The isomerization of N-nitropyrazole in the reaction condition was first reported and the possible mechanism was explained by the density functional theory method. The salt has good density, high positive enthalpy of formation superior to those of the RDX and HMX, and good detonation properties comparable to those of RDX. By denitration and isomerization reactions, the salt gains a better thermal stability and lower sensitivity toward impact and friction compared with its parent compound. Based on an overall energetic evaluation, the salt has a promising future as an alternative explosive. The research also contributes to the synthesis and application of polynitro-substituted N-heterocyclic compounds as energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- Xi’an
Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Xi’an
Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Xi’an
Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Xi’an
Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College
of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China
| | - Zhongxue Ge
- Xi’an
Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710065, China
| | - Chenghui Sun
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Siping Pang
- School
of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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39
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Fershtat LL, Makhova NN. 1,2,5‐Oxadiazole‐Based High‐Energy‐Density Materials: Synthesis and Performance. Chempluschem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Leninsky Prospect, 47 Moscow Russia
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 119991, Leninsky Prospect, 47 Moscow Russia
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40
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Reichel M, Krumm B, Vishnevskiy YV, Blomeyer S, Schwabedissen J, Stammler H, Karaghiosoff K, Mitzel NW. Festkörper‐ und Gasphasenstrukturen sowie energetische Eigenschaften des gefährlichen Methyl‐ und Fluormethylnitrats. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Reichel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13(D) D-81377 München Deutschland
| | - Burkhard Krumm
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13(D) D-81377 München Deutschland
| | - Yury V. Vishnevskiy
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Jan Schwabedissen
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians Universität München Butenandtstraße 5–13(D) D-81377 München Deutschland
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieFakultät für ChemieUniversität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 D-33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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41
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Xiong H, Yang H, Lei C, Yang P, Hu W, Cheng G. Combinations of furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole for the generation of high performance energetic materials. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14705-14711. [PMID: 31538636 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02684c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several energetic materials, which are composed of furoxan and 1,2,4-oxadiazole backbones, were synthesized by nitrating 3,3'-bis(5-amino-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4,4'-azofuroxan (2) under 100 wt% HNO3 or 100 wt% HNO3/Ac2O followed by a cation metathesis. All synthesized compounds were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, while 3,3'-bis(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one-3-yl)-4,4'-azofuroxan (3) and diammonium 3,3'-bis(5-nitramino-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)-4,4'-azofuroxan (4a) were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The physicochemical and energetic properties of these compounds including density, thermal stability and sensitivity were investigated. Compounds 3 and 4 have high densities (3: 1.90 g cm-3, 4: 1.92 g cm-3), which are comparable to that of HMX (1.91 g cm-3). All energetic compounds show relatively high calculated heat of formation in the range from 504.79 kJ mol-1 to 1405.62 kJ mol-1. Their detonation properties were evaluated by EXPLO5 code using the measured density and calculated heat of formation. Among them, compounds 3 and 4 have good detonation performance (3: D = 8891 m s-1, P = 34.7 GPa, 4: D = 9505 m s-1, P = 41.3 GPa) and acceptable sensitivities (3: IS = 10 J, 4: IS = 4 J), which indicate their potential applications as high-performance energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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42
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Feng Y, Chen S, Deng M, Zhang T, Zhang Q. Energetic Metal-Organic Frameworks Incorporating NH 3OH + for New High-Energy-Density Materials. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12228-12233. [PMID: 31483616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Energetic metal-organic frameworks (E-MOFs) have witnessed increasing development over the past several years. However, as a highly energetic cation, NH3OH+ has never been explored to construct transition-metal-based E-MOFs. Herein, we report the first examples of NH3OH+-containing E-MOFs with bis(tetrazole)methane (H2btm) as a ligand and copper and manganese as central metal ions, [(NH3OH)2(Cu(btm)2)]n and [(NH3OH)2(Mn(btm)2)]n. Crystal structure determinations reveal that both E-MOFs show two-dimensional layered structures. Experimental results suggest that they have high thermal decomposition temperatures (>200 °C). Among them, Cu-based E-MOFs possesses outstanding thermal stability (Tdec = 230.3 °C), which surpasses those of known NH3OH+-containing compounds. They also have high energy density; in particular, the Cu-based E-MOF affords a high heat of combustion (11447 kJ kg-1) and high heat of detonation (713.8 kJ mol-1) beyond the most powerful organic explosives in use today. Additionally, the two E-MOFs show completely different sensitivity properties: the Mn-based E-MOF is an insensitive high-energy-density material (IS > 40 J; FS > 360 N; EDS > 20 J), while the Cu-based E-MOF can be classified as a sensitive energetic material (IS = 13 J; FS = 216 N; EDS = 10.25 J), demonstrating their diverse applications in different fields. Our research proposes a unique class of high-energy-density materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongan Feng
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang , 621900 , People's Republic of China.,School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang , 621900 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mucong Deng
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang , 621900 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tonglai Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) , Mianyang , 621900 , People's Republic of China
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43
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Xiong H, Yang H, Cheng G, Zhang Z. Energetic Furazan and Triazole Moieties: A Promising Heterocyclic Cation. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Xiong
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHuaiyin Normal University Huai'an 223300 P. R. China
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44
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Tang Y, Liu Y, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Green Synthetic Approach for High-Performance Energetic Nitramino Azoles. Org Lett 2019; 21:2610-2614. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Yingle Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
- Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan 643000, China
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jean’ne M. Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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45
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Kukuljan L, Kranjc K. 3-(5-Amino-1,2,4-triazole)-1,2,4-oxadiazole: A new biheterocyclic scaffold for the synthesis of energetic materials. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Xiong H, Cheng G, Zhang Z, Yang H. C8N12O10: a promising energetic compound with excellent detonation performance and desirable sensitivity. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00955h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A promising energetic molecule bis(4-nitro-1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxid-3-yl)-azo-1,2,4-oxadiazole was synthesized and characterized. It has high density, acceptable thermal stability, high heat of formation, outstanding detonation properties and desirable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Guangbin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Zaichao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University
- Huai'an 223300
- P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
- Nanjing
- China
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47
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Tang Y, He C, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. Energetic furazan-triazole hybrid with dinitromethyl and nitramino groups: decreasing sensitivity via the formation of a planar anion. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:7677-7684. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enlarging the skeleton containing two heterocyclic five-membered rings can decrease sensitivity in comparison with most highly nitro-functionalized mono nitrogen-rich rings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunlin He
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
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48
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Zhang J, Yin P, Pan G, Wang Z, Zhang J, Mitchell LA, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. 5-(4-Azidofurazan-3-yl)-1-hydroxytetrazole and its derivatives: from green primary to secondary explosives. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
These new high-nitrogen-content azidofurazan compounds show potential for use as next-generation green primary and secondary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
| | - Guangxing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
| | - Zhenyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology
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49
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Hu J, Ge Z, Sun C, Pang S. Energetic C-trinitromethyl-substituted pyrazoles: synthesis and characterization. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1524-1529. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three novel C-trinitromethyl-substituted pyrazoles with positive oxygen balances and good detonation properties are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Yanan Li
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Jianjian Hu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Zhongxue Ge
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Chenghui Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Siping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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50
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Tidey JP, Zhurov VV, Gianopoulos CG, Hermann TS, Pinkerton AA. QTAIM Assessment of the Intra- and Intermolecular Bonding in a Bis(nitramido-oxadiazolate) Energetic Ionic Salt at 20 K. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9676-9687. [PMID: 30457862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate experimental determination of the electron density distribution for the energetic ionic salt bis(ammonium) 2,2'-dinitramido-5,5'-bis(1-oxa-3,4-diazolate) dihydrate (1) is obtained from multipole modeling of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data collected at 20 K. The intra- and intermolecular bonding is assessed in terms of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) with a view to better understanding the physicochemical properties in relation to chemical bonding. Topological analysis reveals stronger bonding for the N-NO2 bond relative to energetic nitramines RDX and HMX and the indication of a trend between this and impact sensitivity of nitro-containing energetic materials is noted. The intermolecular bonding of 1 is dominated by classical H-bonds but includes multiple π-bonding interactions and interactions between H-bond donor and acceptor atoms where bond paths are deflected by H atoms. There also exists a weak O···O interaction between end-on nitro groups, as well as an intramolecular ring-forming 1,5-type interaction. An anharmonic description of thermal motion was required to obtain the best fitting model, despite the low temperature of the study. The experimental study was complemented by periodic boundary DFT calculations at the experimental geometry as well as gas phase calculations on the isolated dianion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah P Tidey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Vladimir V Zhurov
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Christopher G Gianopoulos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Tobias S Hermann
- Department of Chemistry , Ludwig Maximilian University Munich , Butenandtstrasse 5-13 , D-81377 München , Germany
| | - A Alan Pinkerton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
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