1
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Tang MQ, Yang ZJ, He ZT. Asymmetric formal sp 2-hydrocarbonations of dienes and alkynes via palladium hydride catalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6303. [PMID: 37813855 PMCID: PMC10562392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrofunctionalizations of unsaturated bonds via π-ƞ3 substitution have emerged as a reliable method to construct stereogenic centers, and mainly rely on the use of heteroatom-based or carbon nucleophiles bearing acidic C-H bonds. In comparison, sp2 carbon nucleophiles are generally not under consideration because of enormous challenges in cleaving corresponding inert sp2 C-H bonds. Here, we report a protocol to achieve asymmetric formal sp2 hydrocarbonations, including hydroalkenylation, hydroallenylation and hydroketenimination of both 1,3-dienes and alkynes via hydroalkylation and Wittig reaction cascade. A series of unachievable motifs via hydrofunctionalizations, such as di-, tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes, di-, tri- and tetra-substituted allenes, and tri-substituted ketenimines in allyl skeletons are all facilely constructed in high regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivities with this cascade design. Stereodivergent synthesis of all four stereoisomers of 1,4-diene bearing a stereocenter and Z/E-controllable olefin unit highlights the power of present protocol. An interesting mechanistic feature is revealed that alkyne actually undergoes hydrocarbonation via the formation of conjugated diene intermediate, different from conventional viewpoint that the hydrofunctionalization of alkynes only involves allene species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qiao Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Tao He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
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2
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Singh D, RajanBabu TV. Chemodivergent, Regio- and Enantioselective Cycloaddition Reactions between 1,3-Dienes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216000. [PMID: 36520619 PMCID: PMC9908849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkynes and 1,3-dienes are among the most readily available precursors for organic synthesis. We report two distinctly different, catalyst-dependent, modes of regio- and enantioselective cycloaddition reactions between these classes of compounds providing rapid access to highly functionalized 1,4-cyclohexadienes or cyclobutenes from the same precursors. Complexes of an earth abundant metal, cobalt, with several commercially available chiral bisphosphine ligands with narrow bite angles catalyze [4+2]-cycloadditions between a 1,3-diene and an alkyne giving a cyclohexa-1,4-diene in excellent chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivities. In sharp contrast, complex of a finely tuned phosphino-oxazoline ligand promotes unique [2+2]-cycloaddition between the alkyne and the terminal double bond of the diene giving a highly functionalized cyclobutene in excellent regio- and enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipshi Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - T. V. RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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3
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Sharley JS, Gambacorta G, Collado Pérez AM, Ferri EE, Miranda AF, Quesada JS, Baxendale IR. Further investigations into imine-mediated formation of allylic nitro compounds. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Parsutkar MM, Moore CE, RajanBabu TV. Activator-free single-component Co(I)-catalysts for regio- and enantioselective heterodimerization and hydroacylation reactions of 1,3-dienes. New reduction procedures for synthesis of [L]Co(I)-complexes and comparison to in situ generated catalysts. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10148-10159. [PMID: 35734952 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although cobalt(I) bis-phosphine complexes have been implicated in many selective C-C bond-forming reactions, until recently relatively few of these compounds have been fully characterized or have been shown to be intermediates in catalytic reactions. In this paper we present a new practical method for the synthesis and isolation of several cobalt(I)-bis-phosphine complexes and their use in Co(I)-catalyzed reactions. We find that easily prepared (in situ generated or isolated) bis-phosphine and (2,6-N-aryliminoethyl)pyridine (PDI) cobalt(II) halide complexes are readily reduced by 1,4-bis-trimethylsilyl-1,4-dihydropyrazine or commercially available lithium nitride (Li3N), leaving behind only innocuous volatile byproducts. Depending on the structures of the bis-phosphines, the cobalt(I) complex crystallizes as a phosphine-bridged species [(P∼P)(X)CoI[μ-(P∼P)]CoI(X)(P∼P)] or a halide-bridged species [(P∼P)CoI[μ-(X)]2CoI(P∼P)]. Because the side-products are innocuous, these methods can be used for the in situ generation of catalytically competent Co(I) complexes for a variety of low-valent cobalt-catalyzed reactions of even sensitive substrates. These complexes are also useful for the synthesis of rare cationic [(P∼P)CoI-η4-diene]+ X- or [(P∼P)CoI-η6-arene]+ X- complexes, which are shown to be excellent single-component catalysts for the following regioselective reactions of dienes: heterodimerizations with ethylene or methyl acrylate, hydroacylation and hydroboration. The reactivity of the single-component catalysts with the in situ generated species are also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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5
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Biswas S, Dewese KR, Raya B, RajanBabu TV. Catalytic Enantioselective Hydrovinylation of Trialkylsilyloxy and Acetoxy-1,3-Dienes: Cationic Co(I) Complexes for the Synthesis of Chiral Enolate Surrogates and Their Applications for Synthesis of Ketones and Cross-Coupling Reagents in High Enantiomeric Purity. ACS Catal 2022; 12:5094-5111. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Souvagya Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kendra R. Dewese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Balaram Raya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T. V. RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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6
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Biswas S, Parsutkar MM, Jing SM, Pagar VV, Herbort JH, RajanBabu TV. A New Paradigm in Enantioselective Cobalt Catalysis: Cationic Cobalt(I) Catalysts for Heterodimerization, Cycloaddition, and Hydrofunctionalization Reactions of Olefins. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4545-4564. [PMID: 34847327 PMCID: PMC8721816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges facing organic synthesis in the 21st century is the utilization of abundantly available feedstock chemicals for fine chemical synthesis. Regio- and enantioselective union of easily accessible 1,3-dienes and other feedstocks like ethylene, alkyl acrylates, and aldehydes can provide valuable building blocks adorned with latent functionalities for further synthetic elaboration. Through an approach that relies on mechanistic insights and systematic examination of ligand and counterion effects, we developed an efficient cobalt-based catalytic system [(P∼P)CoX2/Me3Al] (P∼P = bisphosphine) to effect the first enantioselective heterodimerization of several types of 1,3-dienes with ethylene. In addition to simple cyclic and acyclic dienes, siloxy-1,3-dienes participate in this reaction, giving highly functionalized, nearly enantiopure silyl enolates, which can be used for subsequent C-C and C-X bond-forming reactions. As our understanding of the mechanism of this reaction improved, our attention was drawn to more challenging partners like alkyl acrylates (one of the largest volume feedstocks) as the olefin partners instead of ethylene. Prompted by the intrinsic limitations of using aluminum alkyls as the activators for this reaction, we explored the fundamental chemistry of the lesser known (P∼P)Co(I)X species and discovered that in the presence of halide sequestering agents, such as sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBARF) or (C6F5)3B, certain chiral bisphosphine complexes are superb catalysts for regio- and enantioselective heterodimerization of 1,3-dienes and alkyl acrylates. We have since found that these cationic Co(I) catalysts, most conveniently prepared in situ by reduction of the corresponding cobalt(II) halide complexes by zinc in the presence of NaBARF, promote enantioselective [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between alkynes and an astonishing variety of alkenyl derivatives to give highly functionalized cyclobutenes. In reactions between 1,3-enynes and ethylene, the [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between the alkyne and ethylene is followed by a 1,4-addition of ethylene in a tandem fashion to give nearly enantiopure cyclobutanes with an all-carbon quaternary center, giving a set of molecules that maps well into many medicinally relevant compounds. In another application, we find that the cationic Co(I)-catalysts promote highly selective hydroacylation and 1,2-hydroboration of prochiral 1,3-dienes. Further, we find that a cationic Co(I)-catalyst promotes cycloisomerization followed by hydroalkenylation of 1,6-enynes to produce highly functionalized carbo- and heterocyclic compounds. Surprisingly the regioselectivity of the alkene addition depends on whether it is a simple alkene or an acrylate, and the acrylate addition produces an uncommon Z-adduct. This Account will provide a summary of the enabling basic discoveries and the attendant developments that led to the unique cationic Co(I)-complexes as catalysts for disparate C-C and C-B bond-forming reactions. It is our hope that this Account will stimulate further work with these highly versatile catalysts which are derived from an earth-abundant metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvagya Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Stanley M Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Vinayak V Pagar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - James H Herbort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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7
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Ma WY, Han GY, Kang S, Pang X, Liu XY, Shu XZ. Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantiospecific Dynamic Kinetic Cross-Electrophile Vinylation of Allylic Alcohols with Vinyl Triflates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15930-15935. [PMID: 34570474 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cross-electrophile coupling has emerged as a promising tool for producing chiral molecules; however, the potential of this chemistry with metals other than nickel remains unknown. Herein, we report a cobalt-catalyzed enantiospecific vinylation reaction of allylic alcohol with vinyl triflates. This work establishes a new method for the synthesis of enantioenriched 1,4-dienes. The reaction proceeds through a dynamic kinetic coupling approach, which not only allows for direct functionalization of allylic alcohols but also is essential to achieve high chemoselectivity. The use of cobalt enables the reactions to proceed with high enantiospecificity, which have failed to be realized by nickel catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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8
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Parsutkar MM, RajanBabu TV. α- and β-Functionalized Ketones from 1,3-Dienes and Aldehydes: Control of Regio- and Enantioselectivity in Hydroacylation of 1,3-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12825-12835. [PMID: 34351138 PMCID: PMC8554466 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ketones are among the most widely used intermediates in organic synthesis, and their synthesis from inexpensive feedstocks could be quite impactful. Regio- and enantioselective hydroacylation reactions of dienes provide facile entry into useful ketone-bearing chiral motifs with an additional latent functionality (alkene) suitable for further elaboration. Three classes of dienes, 2- or 4-monosubstituted and 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-dienes, undergo cobalt(I)-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective hydroacylation, giving products with high enantiomeric ratios (er). These reactions are highly dependent on the ligands, and we have identified the most useful ligands and reaction conditions for each class of dienes. 2-Substituted and 2,4-disubstituted dienes predominantly undergo 1,2-addition, whereas 4-substituted terminal dienes give highly enantioselective 4,1- or 4,3-hydroacylation depending on the aldehyde, aliphatic aldehydes giving 4,1-addition and aromatic aldehydes giving 4,3-addition. Included among the substrates are feedstock dienes, isoprene (US$1.4/kg) and myrcene (US$129/kg), and several common aldehydes. We propose an oxidative dimerization mechanism that involves a Co(I)/Co(III) redox cycle that appears to be initiated by a cationic Co(I) intermediate. Studies of reactions using isolated neutral and cationic Co(I) complexes confirm the critical role of the cationic intermediates in these reactions. Enantioselective 1,2-hydroacylation of 2-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-diene reveals a hitherto undisclosed route to chiral siloxy-protected aldols. Finally, facile syntheses of the anti-inflammatory drug (S)-Flobufen (2 steps, 92% yield, >99:1 er) and the food additive (S)-Dihydrotagetone (1 step, 83% yield; 96:4 er) from isoprene illustrate the power of this method for the preparation of commercially relevant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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9
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Zhong H, Beromi MM, Chirik PJ. Ligand Substitution and Electronic Structure Studies of Bis(phosphine)Cobalt Cyclooctadiene Precatalysts for Alkene Hydrogenation. CAN J CHEM 2021; 99:193-201. [PMID: 34334799 DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diene self-exchange reactions of the 17-electron, formally cobalt(0) cyclooctadienyl precatalyst, (R,R)-(iPrDuPhos)Co(COD) (P 2 CoCOD, (R,R)-iPrDuPhos = 1,2-bis((2R,5R)-2,5-diisopropylphospholano)benzene, COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) were studied using natural abundance and deuterated 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Exchange of free and coordinated diene was observed at ambient temperature in benzene-d 6 solution and kinetic studies support a dissociative process. Both neutral P 2 CoCOD and the 16-electron, cationic cobalt(I) complex, [(R,R)-(iPrDuPhos)Co(COD)][BArF 4] (BArF 4 = B[(3,5-(CF3)2)C6H3]4) underwent instantaneous displacement of the 1,5-cyclooctadiene ligand by carbon monoxide and generated the corresponding carbonyl derivatives. The solid-state parameters, DFT-computed Mulliken spin density and analysis of molecular orbitals suggest an alternative description of P 2 CoCOD as low-spin cobalt(II) with the 1,5-cyclooctadiene acting as a LX2-type ligand. This view of the electronic structure provides insight into the nature of the ligand substitution processes and the remarkable stability of the neutral cobalt complexes toward protic solvents observed during catalytic alkene hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Megan Mohadjer Beromi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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10
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Sun X, Bai XY, Li AZ, Li BJ. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroalkenylation of Norbornene Derivatives. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
| | - An-Zhen Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bi-Jie Li
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Nassar Y, Rodier F, Ferey V, Cossy J. Cross-Coupling of Ketone Enolates with Grignard and Zinc Reagents with First-Row Transition Metal Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Nassar
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry and Materials, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Schuppe AW, Knippel JL, Borrajo-Calleja GM, Buchwald SL. Enantioselective Hydroalkenylation of Olefins with Enol Sulfonates Enabled by Dual Copper Hydride and Palladium Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5330-5335. [PMID: 33784090 PMCID: PMC8083184 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic enantioselective synthesis of α-chiral olefins represents a valuable strategy for rapid generation of structural diversity in divergent syntheses of complex targets. Herein, we report a protocol for the dual CuH- and Pd-catalyzed asymmetric Markovnikov hydroalkenylation of vinyl arenes and the anti-Markovnikov hydroalkenylation of unactivated olefins, in which readily available enol triflates can be utilized as alkenyl coupling partners. This method allowed for the synthesis of diverse α-chiral olefins, including tri- and tetrasubstituted olefin products, which are challenging to prepare by existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Schuppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Levi Knippel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gustavo M Borrajo-Calleja
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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13
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Kennedy CR, Joannou MV, Steves JE, Hoyt JM, Kovel CB, Chirik PJ. Iron-Catalyzed Vinylsilane Dimerization and Cross-Cycloadditions with 1,3-Dienes: Probing the Origins of Chemo- and Regioselectivity. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1368-1379. [PMID: 34336370 PMCID: PMC8317497 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The selective, intermolecular, homodimerization and cross-cycloaddition of vinylsilanes with unbiased 1,3-dienes, catalyzed by a pyridine-2,6-diimine (PDI) iron complex is described. In the absence of a diene coupling partner, vinylsilane hydroalkenylation products were obtained chemoselectively with unusual head-to-head regioselectivity (up to >98% purity, 98:2 E/Z). In the presence of a 4- or 2-substituted diene coupling partner, under otherwise identical reaction conditions, formation of value-added [2+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadducts, respectively, was observed. The chemoselectivity profile was distinct from that observed for analogous α-olefin dimerization and cross-reactions with 1,3-dienes. Mechanistic studies conducted with well-defined, single-component precatalysts (MePDI)Fe(L2) (where MePDI = 2,6-(2,6-Me2-C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N; L2 = butadiene or 2(N2)) provided insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic factors contributing to the substrate-controlled regioselectivity for both the homodimerization and cross cycloadditions. Diamagnetic iron diene and paramagnetic iron olefin complexes were identified as catalyst resting states, were characterized by in situ NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies, and were corroborated with DFT calculations. Stoichiometric reactions and computational models provided evidence for a common mechanistic regime where competing steric and orbital-symmetry requirements dictate the regioselectivity of oxidative cyclization. Although distinct chemoselectivity profiles were observed in cross-cycloadditions with the vinylsilane congeners of α-olefins, these products arose from metallacycles with the same connectivity. The silyl substituents ultimately governed the relative rates of β-H elimination and C-C reductive elimination to dictate final product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordan M. Hoyt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Carli B. Kovel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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14
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Fu Z, Guo X, Li Y, Li J. Computational study of catalyst-controlled regiodivergent pathways in hydroboration of 1,3-dienes: mechanism and origin of regioselectivity. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the origins of catalyst-controlled regioselectivity in the hydroboration of 2-substituted 1,3-dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Fu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xianming Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yupan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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15
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Adamson NJ, Malcolmson SJ. Catalytic Enantio- and Regioselective Addition of Nucleophiles in the Intermolecular Hydrofunctionalization of 1,3-Dienes. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Adamson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Steven J. Malcolmson
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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16
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Ding W, Ho YKT, Okuda Y, Wijaya CK, Tan ZH, Yoshikai N. Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroacylative Dimerization of Allenes Leading to Skipped Dienes. Org Lett 2019; 21:6173-6178. [PMID: 31334661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A cobalt-diphosphine catalyst has been found to promote a selective 1:2 coupling reaction between aldehydes and allenes to form β,δ-dialkylidene ketones, featuring skipped diene moieties, with high regioselectivities and stereoselectivities. The reaction is distinct from previously reported, rhodium-catalyzed aldehyde-allene 1:2 coupling to afford β,γ-dialkylidene ketones bearing 1,3-diene moieties. The present hydroacylative dimerization involves a unique allene/allene oxidative cyclization mode to form a C1-C2 linkage between the allene molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yan King Terence Ho
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Yasuhiro Okuda
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering , Okayama University of Science , 1-1 Ridai-cho , Kita-ku , Okayama 700-0005 , Japan
| | - Christopher Kevin Wijaya
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Zheng Hao Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
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17
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Kumon T, Yoshida K, Yamada S, Agou T, Kubota T, Konno T. First practical synthesis of 2- or 3-fluoroalkylated indenols via cobalt-catalyzed [2 + 3] carbocyclization of fluorine-containing alkynes and 2-iodoaryl ketones. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Syntheses and Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance of Cationic Bis(phosphine) Cobalt(I) Diene and Arene Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201903766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Zhong H, Friedfeld MR, Chirik PJ. Syntheses and Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance of Cationic Bis(phosphine) Cobalt(I) Diene and Arene Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9194-9198. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Frick Laboratory 292 Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Max R. Friedfeld
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Frick Laboratory 292 Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Frick Laboratory 292 Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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20
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Duvvuri K, Dewese KR, Parsutkar MM, Jing SM, Mehta MM, Gallucci JC, RajanBabu TV. Cationic Co(I)-Intermediates for Hydrofunctionalization Reactions: Regio- and Enantioselective Cobalt-Catalyzed 1,2-Hydroboration of 1,3-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7365-7375. [PMID: 31020835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Much of the recent work on catalytic hydroboration of alkenes has focused on simple alkenes and styrene derivatives with few examples of reactions of 1,3-dienes, which have been reported to undergo mostly 1,4-additions to give allylic boronates. We find that reduced cobalt catalysts generated from 1,n- bis-diphenylphosphinoalkane complexes [Ph2P-(CH2) n-PPh2]CoX2; n = 1-5) or from (2-oxazolinyl)phenyldiarylphosphine complexes [(G-PHOX)CoX2] (G = 4-substituent on oxazoline ring) effect selective 1,2-, 1,4-, or 4,3-additions of pinacolborane (HBPin) to a variety of 1,3-dienes depending on the ligands chosen. Conditions have been found to optimize the 1,2-additions. The reactive catalysts can be generated from the cobalt(II)-complexes using trimethylaluminum, methyl aluminoxane, or activated zinc in the presence of sodium tetrakis[(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBARF). The complex, (dppp)CoCl2, gives the best results (ratio of 1,2- to 1,4-addition >95:5) for a variety of linear terminal 1,3-dienes and 2-substituted 1,3-dienes. The [(PHOX)CoX2] (X = Cl, Br) complexes give mostly 1,4-addition with linear unsubstituted 1,3-dienes, but, surprisingly, selective 1,2-additions with 2-substituted or 2,3-disubstituted 1,3-dienes. Isolated and fully characterized (X-ray crystallography) Co(I)-complexes, (dppp)3Co2Cl2 and [( S,S)-BDPP]3Co2Cl2, do not catalyze the reaction unless activated by a Lewis acid or NaBARF, suggesting a key role for a cationic Co(I) species in the catalytic cycle. Regio- and enantioselective 1,2-hydroborations of 2-substituted 1,3-dienes are best accomplished using a catalyst prepared via activation of a chiral phosphinooxazoline-cobalt(II) complex with zinc and NaBARF. A number of common functional groups, among them, -OBn, -OTBS, -OTs, N-phthalimido- groups, are tolerated, and er's > 95:5 are obtained for several dienes including 1-alkenylcycloalk-1-enes. This operationally simple reaction expands the realm of asymmetric hydroboration to provide direct access to a number of nearly enantiopure homoallylic boronates, which are not readily accessible by current methods. The resulting boronates have been converted into the corresponding alcohols, potassium trifluororoborate salts, N-BOC amines, and aryl derivatives by C-BPin to C-aryl transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaja Duvvuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Kendra R Dewese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Stanley M Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Milauni M Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Judith C Gallucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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21
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Ai W, Zhong R, Liu X, Liu Q. Hydride Transfer Reactions Catalyzed by Cobalt Complexes. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2876-2953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Ai
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xufang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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23
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Schmidt VA, Kennedy CR, Bezdek MJ, Chirik PJ. Selective [1,4]-Hydrovinylation of 1,3-Dienes with Unactivated Olefins Enabled by Iron Diimine Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3443-3453. [PMID: 29414238 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The selective, intermolecular [1,4]-hydrovinylation of conjugated dienes with unactivated α-olefins catalyzed by α-diimine iron complexes is described. Value-added "skipped" diene products were obtained with exclusive [1,4]-selectivity, and the formation of branched, ( Z)-olefin products was observed with no evidence for alkene isomerization. Mechanistic studies conducted with the well-defined, single-component iron precatalyst (MesDI)Fe(COD) (MesDI = [2,4,6-Me3-C6H2-N═CMe]2); COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) provided insights into the origin of the high selectivity. An iron diene complex was identified as the catalyst resting state, and one such isoprene complex, (iPrDI)Fe(η4-C5H8), was isolated and characterized. A combination of single crystal X-ray diffraction, Mößbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations established that the complex is best described as a high-spin Fe(I) center ( SFe = 3/2) engaged in antiferromagnetic coupling to an α-diimine radical anion ( SDI = -1/2), giving rise to the observed S = 1 ground state. Deuterium-labeling experiments and kinetic analyses of the catalytic reaction provided support for a pathway involving oxidative cyclization of an alkene with the diene complex to generate an iron metallacycle. The observed selectivity can be understood in terms of competing steric interactions in the transition states for oxidative cyclization and subsequent β-hydrogen elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - C Rose Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Máté J Bezdek
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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24
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Chen W, Li Y, Chen Y, Ho CY. (NHC)NiH-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Cross-Hydroalkenylation of Vinyl Ethers with α-Olefins: Syntheses of 1,2- and 1,3-Disubstituted Allyl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech); China
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25
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Chen W, Li Y, Chen Y, Ho CY. (NHC)NiH-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Cross-Hydroalkenylation of Vinyl Ethers with α-Olefins: Syntheses of 1,2- and 1,3-Disubstituted Allyl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2677-2681. [PMID: 29359380 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cross-hydroalkenylation of a vinyl ether (1) with an α-olefin (2) was first achieved by a set of [NHC-Ni(allyl)]BArF (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts. Both 1,2- and 1,3-disubstituted allyl ethers were obtained, highly selectively, by using NHCs of different sizes. In contrast, the chemoselectivity (i.e., 1 as acceptor and 2 as donor) was controlled mostly by electronic effects through the catalyst-substrate interaction. Sterically bulkier alkenes (2) were used as preferred donors compared to smaller alkenes. This electronic effect also served as a basis for the first tail-to-head cross-hydroalkenylations of 1 with either a vinyl silane or boronic ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), China
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26
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Jing SM, Balasanthiran V, Pagar V, Gallucci JC, RajanBabu TV. Catalytic Enantioselective Hetero-dimerization of Acrylates and 1,3-Dienes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18034-18043. [PMID: 29120629 PMCID: PMC5729116 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dienes are ubiquitous and easily synthesized starting materials for organic synthesis, and alkyl acrylates are among the most abundant and cheapest feedstock carbon sources. A practical, highly enantioselective union of these two readily available precursors giving valuable, enantio-pure skipped 1,4-diene esters (with two configurationally defined double bonds) is reported. The process uses commercially available cobalt salts and chiral ligands. As illustrated by the use of 20 different substrates, including 17 prochiral 1,3-dienes and 3 acrylates, this hetero-dimerization reaction is tolerant of a number of common organic functional groups (e.g., aromatic substituents, halides, isolated mono- and di-substituted double bonds, esters, silyl ethers, and silyl enol ethers). The novel results including ligand, counterion, and solvent effects uncovered during the course of these investigations show a unique role of a possible cationic Co(I) intermediate in these reactions. The rational evolution of a mechanism-based strategy that led to the eventual successful outcome and the attendant support studies may have further implications for the expanding use of low-valent group 9 metal complexes in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M. Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OHIO 43210, United States
| | - Vagulejan Balasanthiran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OHIO 43210, United States
| | - Vinayak Pagar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OHIO 43210, United States
| | - Judith C. Gallucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OHIO 43210, United States
| | - T. V. RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18 Avenue, Columbus, OHIO 43210, United States
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27
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Lian X, Chen W, Dang L, Li Y, Ho CY. (NHC)NiH-Catalyzed Intermolecular Regio- and Diastereoselective Cross-Hydroalkenylation of Endocyclic Dienes with α-Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9048-9052. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lian
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Liang Dang
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
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28
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Lian X, Chen W, Dang L, Li Y, Ho CY. (NHC)NiH-Catalyzed Intermolecular Regio- and Diastereoselective Cross-Hydroalkenylation of Endocyclic Dienes with α-Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lian
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Liang Dang
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
| | - Chun-Yu Ho
- Department of Chemistry; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG); South University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTC); No. 1088, Xueyuan Road Shenzhen China
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29
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Raya B, Jing S, Balasanthiran V, RajanBabu TV. Control of Selectivity through Synergy between Catalysts, Silanes and Reaction Conditions in Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Dienes and Terminal Alkenes. ACS Catal 2017; 7:2275-2283. [PMID: 28593082 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Readily accessible ( i-PrPDI)CoCl2 [ i-Pr PDI = 2,6-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyliminoethyl)pyridine] reacts with 2 equivalents of NaEt3BH at -78 °C in toluene to generate a catalyst that effects highly selective anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of the terminal double bond in 1,3- and 1,4-dienes. Primary and secondary silanes such as PhSiH3, Ph2SiH2 and PhSi(Me)H2 react with a broad spectrum of terminal dienes without affecting the configuration of the other double bond. When dienes conjugated to an aromatic ring are involved, both Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov products are formed. The reaction is tolerant of various functional groups such as an aryl bromide, aryl iodide, protected alcohol, and even a silyl enol ether. Reactions of 1-alkene under similar conditions cleanly lead to a mixture of Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov hydrosilation products, where ratio of the products increasingly favors the latter, as the size of the 2,6-substituents in the iminoylaryl group becomes larger. The complex ( i-PrPDI)CoCl2 gives exclusively the linear silane for a wide variety of terminal alkenes. Mechanistic studies suggest a pathway that involves a key role for an in situ generated metal hydride, (L)Co(I)-H. Exclusive reduction of the terminal double bond (vis-a-vis hydrosilylation) when (EtO)2Si(Me)H is used in the place of PhSiH3 is explained on the basis of an alternate silane-mediated decomposition path for the linear Co(I)-alkyl intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Raya
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Stanley Jing
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Vagulejan Balasanthiran
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T. V. RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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30
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Liao L, Guo R, Zhao X. Organoselenium-Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Pyridination of 1,3-Dienes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Ruizhi Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
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31
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Liao L, Guo R, Zhao X. Organoselenium-Catalyzed Regioselective C-H Pyridination of 1,3-Dienes and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3201-3205. [PMID: 28090707 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An efficient approach for organoselenium-catalyzed regioselective C-H pyridination of 1,3-dienes to form pyridinium salts has been developed. This method was also successfully applied to direct C-H pyridination of alkenes. Fluoropyridinium reagents, or initially loaded pyridine derivatives, acted as pyridine sources in the pyridination reactions. The obtained pyridinium salts could be further converted under different conditions. This work is the first example of catalytic C-2 direct C-H functionalization of 1,3-dienes and the first case of organoselenium-catalyzed C-H pyridination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Ruizhi Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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32
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Raya B, Biswas S, RajanBabu TV. Selective Cobalt-Catalyzed Reduction of Terminal Alkenes and Alkynes Using (EtO) 2Si(Me)H as a Stoichiometric Reductant. ACS Catal 2016; 6:6318-6323. [PMID: 28078166 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While attempting to effect Co-catalyzed hydrosilylation of β-vinyl trimethylsilyl enol ethers we discovered that depending on the silane, solvent and the method of generation of the reduced cobalt catalyst, a highly efficient and selective reduction or hydrosilylation of an alkene can be achieved. This paper deals with this reduction reaction, which has not been reported before in spite of the huge research activity in this area. The reaction, which uses an air-stable [2,6-di(aryliminoyl)pyridine)]CoCl2 activated by 2 equivalents of NaEt3BH as a catalyst (0.001-0.05 equiv) and (EtO)2SiMeH as the hydrogen source, is best run at ambient temperature in toluene and is highly selective for the reduction of simple unsubstituted 1-alkenes and the terminal double bonds in 1,3- and 1,4-dienes, β-vinyl ketones and silyloxy dienes. The reaction is tolerant of various functional groups such as a bromide, alcohol, amine, carbonyl, and di or trisubstituted double bonds, and water. Highly selective reduction of a terminal alkyne to either an alkene or alkane can be accomplished by using stoichiometric amounts of the silane. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction is stoichiometric in the silane and both hydrogens in the product come from the silane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaram Raya
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, 100 West
18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Souvagya Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, 100 West
18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T. V. RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, 100 West
18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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