1
|
Hardy MA, Hayward Cooke J, Feng Z, Noda K, Kerschgens I, Massey LA, Tantillo DJ, Sarpong R. Unified Synthesis of 2-Isocyanoallopupukeanane and 9-Isocyanopupukeanane through a "Contra-biosynthetic" Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317348. [PMID: 38032339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe our synthetic efforts toward the pupukeanane natural products, in which we have completed the first enantiospecific route to 2-isocyanoallopupukeanane in 10 steps (formal synthesis), enabled by a key Pd-mediated cyclization cascade. This subsequently facilitated an unprecedented bio-inspired "contra-biosynthetic" rearrangement, providing divergent access to 9-isocyanopupukeanane in 15 steps (formal synthesis). Computational studies provide insight into the nature of this rearrangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jack Hayward Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kenta Noda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Isabel Kerschgens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lynée A Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Feng Q, Song L, Zhang X, Wu YD, Sun J. Mild Stereoselective Synthesis of Densely Substituted [3]Dendralenes via Ru-Catalyzed Intermolecular Dimerization of 1,1-Disubstituted Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1532-1542. [PMID: 38174923 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Described here is a mild and stereoselective protocol for the synthesis of [3]dendralenes via the intermolecular dimerization of allenes. With the proper choice of a ruthenium catalyst, a range of unactivated 1,1-disubstituted allenes, without prefunctionalization in the allylic position, reacted efficiently to provide rapid access to densely substituted [3]dendralenes. An intermolecular C-C bond and three different types of C═C double bonds (di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted) embedded in an acyclic structure were constructed with good to high E/Z stereocontrol. This is in contrast to the known catalytic protocols that focus on allenes with prefunctionalization at the allylic position and/or monosubstituted allenes, which would proceed by a different mechanism or require less stereocontrol. The silyl-substituted dendralene products are precursors of other useful dendralene molecules. Density functional theory (DFT) studies and control experiments supported a mechanism involving oxidative cyclometalation, β-H elimination (the rate-determining step), and reductive elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing First Rd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chahine Z, Abel S, Hollin T, Chung JH, Barnes GL, Daub ME, Renard I, Choi JY, Pratap V, Pal A, Alba-Argomaniz M, Banks CAS, Kirkwood J, Saraf A, Camino I, Castaneda P, Cuevas MC, De Mercado-Arnanz J, Fernandez-Alvaro E, Garcia-Perez A, Ibarz N, Viera-Morilla S, Prudhomme J, Joyner CJ, Bei AK, Florens L, Ben Mamoun C, Vanderwal CD, Le Roch KG. A Potent Kalihinol Analogue Disrupts Apicoplast Function and Vesicular Trafficking in P. falciparum Malaria. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568162. [PMID: 38045341 PMCID: PMC10690269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the discovery of MED6-189, a new analogue of the kalihinol family of isocyanoterpene (ICT) natural products. MED6-189 is effective against drug-sensitive and -resistant P. falciparum strains blocking both intraerythrocytic asexual replication and sexual differentiation. This compound was also effective against P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi. In vivo efficacy studies using a humanized mouse model of malaria confirms strong efficacy of the compound in animals with no apparent hemolytic activity or apparent toxicity. Complementary chemical biology, molecular biology, genomics and cell biological analyses revealed that MED6-189 primarily targets the parasite apicoplast and acts by inhibiting lipid biogenesis and cellular trafficking. Genetic analyses in P. falciparum revealed that a mutation in PfSec13, which encodes a component of the parasite secretory machinery, reduced susceptibility to the drug. The high potency of MED6-189 in vitro and in vivo, its broad range of efficacy, excellent therapeutic profile, and unique mode of action make it an excellent addition to the antimalarial drug pipeline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Chahine
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - S Abel
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - T Hollin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - JH Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, USA
| | - GL Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, USA
| | - ME Daub
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, USA
| | - I Renard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - JY Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - V Pratap
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - A Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - M Alba-Argomaniz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - CAS Banks
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - J Kirkwood
- Metabolomics Core Facility, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - A Saraf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - I Camino
- GSK, C/ Severo Ochoa, 2 PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - P Castaneda
- GSK, C/ Severo Ochoa, 2 PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - MC Cuevas
- GSK, C/ Severo Ochoa, 2 PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | | | | | - A Garcia-Perez
- GSK, C/ Severo Ochoa, 2 PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - N Ibarz
- GSK, C/ Severo Ochoa, 2 PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - S Viera-Morilla
- GSK, C/ Severo Ochoa, 2 PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos (Madrid), Spain
| | - J Prudhomme
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| | - CJ Joyner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - AK Bei
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - L Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - C Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - CD Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92617, USA
| | - KG Le Roch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California Riverside, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan YM, George J, Wang JYJ, Gardiner MG, Coote ML, Sherburn MS. A Rapid Aza-Bicycle Synthesis from Dendralenes and Imines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7545-7550. [PMID: 37801309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The diene-transmissive 2-fold Diels-Alder sequence between carbon-based dienophiles and [3]dendralenes is becoming an established method for polycarbocycle synthesis. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that imines are competent participants in intermolecular formal [4 + 2] cycloadditions with dendralenes. After a second Diels-Alder process with a carbadienophile, hexahydro- and octahydro-isoquinoline structures are formed. The formal aza-Diels-Alder reaction, which requires Lewis acid promotion, proceeds in high regio- and stereoselectivity under optimized conditions. ωB97XD/Def2-TZVP//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) calculations reveal a stepwise ionic mechanism for the formal aza-dienophile cycloadditions and also explain an unexpected Z → E olefin isomerization of a non-reacting C═C bond in the first formal cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Fan
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Josemon George
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jiao Yu J Wang
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dwulet N, Chahine Z, Le Roch KG, Vanderwal CD. An Enantiospecific Synthesis of Isoneoamphilectane Confirms Its Strained Tricyclic Structure. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3716-3726. [PMID: 36730688 PMCID: PMC9936588 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a total synthesis of the rare isocyanoterpene natural product isoneoamphilectane and two of its unnatural diastereomers. The significantly strained ring system of the reported natural product─along with a hypothesis about a biosynthetic relationship to related family members─inspired us to consider a potential misassignment in the structure's relative configuration. As a result, we initially targeted two less strained, more accessible, stereoisomers of the reported natural product. When these compounds failed to exhibit spectroscopic data that matched those of isoneoamphilectane, we embarked on a synthesis of the originally proposed strained structure via an approach that hinged on a challenging cis-to-trans decalone epimerization. Ultimately, we implemented a novel cyclic sulfite pinacol-type rearrangement to generate the strained ring system. Additional features of this work include the application of a stereocontrolled Mukaiyama-Michael addition of an acyclic silylketene acetal, an unusual intramolecular alkoxide-mediated regioselective elimination, and an HAT-mediated alkene hydroazidation to forge the C-N bond of the tertiary isonitrile. Throughout this work, our synthetic planning was heavily guided by computational analyses to inform on key issues of stereochemical control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie
C. Dwulet
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United
States
| | - Zeinab Chahine
- Institute
for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and
Vector Research, 900 University Avenue, Department of Molecular, Cell,
and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Karine G. Le Roch
- Institute
for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and
Vector Research, 900 University Avenue, Department of Molecular, Cell,
and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United
States,Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 101 Theory, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan YM, Sowden MJ, Magann NL, Lindeboom EJ, Gardiner MG, Sherburn MS. A General Stereoselective Synthesis of [4]Dendralenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20090-20098. [PMID: 36260914 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first general synthesis of branched tetraenes ([4]dendralenes) involves two or three steps from inexpensive, commodity chemicals. It involves an unprecedented variation on Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, generating two new C-C bonds in a one-flask operation with control of diastereoselectivity. The broad scope of the method is established through the synthesis of more than 60 diversely substituted [4]dendralene molecules, along with substituted buta-1,3-dienes and other [n]dendralenes. [4]Dendralenes are demonstrated to be significantly more kinetically stable than their well-known [3]dendralene counterparts. The first stereoselective synthesis of these compounds is also reported, through the catalyst-controlled generation of both E- and Z-diastereomeric products from the same precursor. Novel, through-conjugated/cross-conjugated hybrid molecules are introduced. The first selective dienophile cycloadditions to substituted [4]dendralenes are reported, thus paving the way for applications in target-oriented synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Fan
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Madison J Sowden
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Magann
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Erik J Lindeboom
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Magann NL, Westley E, Sowden MJ, Gardiner MG, Sherburn MS. Total Synthesis of Matrine Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19695-19699. [PMID: 36260032 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of three diastereomeric matrine natural products is reported. The 8-step synthesis commences with simple acyclic precursors, forms all 4 rings of the tetracyclic natural product framework, and forges 10 of the 20 covalent bonds of the target structure. A cross-conjugated triene is positioned at the core of an acyclic branched structure. This precursor collapses to the tetracyclic natural product framework through an orchestrated sequence of two separate intramolecular cycloadditions. A subsequent, late-stage hydrogenation is accompanied by strain-release redox epimerizations to deliver the three natural products. An unprecedented carba-analogue is prepared in the same way. Semisynthetic manipulations of matrine provide access to 10 additional natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Magann
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Erin Westley
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Madison J Sowden
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael G Gardiner
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fan Y, Yu L, Gardiner MG, Coote ML, Sherburn MS. Enantioselective oxa-Diels-Alder Sequences of Dendralenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204872. [PMID: 35900232 PMCID: PMC9804868 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diene-transmissive hetero-Diels-Alder sequences involving carbonyl dienophiles are reported for the first time. High enantioselectivities are achieved in the reaction of phenylglyoxal with a broad range of dendralene structures, through the optimization of a Pd2+ catalyst system. The initial catalyst-controlled enantioselective oxa-Diels-Alder (ODA) cycloaddition to a [3]dendralene generates a dihydropyran carrying a semicyclic diene. This participates in a subsequent catalyst or substrate-controlled Diels-Alder reaction to generate sp3 -rich fused polycyclic systems containing both heterocycles and carbocycles. Computational investigations reveal a concerted asynchronous mechanism. π-Complexation of a diene C=C bond to Pd2+ occurs in both the pre-transition state (TS) complex and in cycloaddition TSs, controlling stereoselectivity. A formal enantioselective [4+2]cycloaddition of a CO2 dienophile is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Min Fan
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia
| | - Li‐Juan Yu
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & TechnologyFlinders UniversitySturt Road, Bedford ParkSouth Australia5042Australia
| | - Michael S. Sherburn
- Research School of ChemistryAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rathod GK, Jain M, Sharma KK, Das S, Basak A, Jain R. New structural classes of antimalarials. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 242:114653. [PMID: 35985254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a major vector borne disease claiming millions of lives worldwide due to infections caused by Plasmodium sp. Discovery and development of antimalarial drugs have previously been dominated majorly by single drug therapy. The malaria parasite has developed resistance against first line and second line antimalarial drugs used in the single drug therapy. This has drawn attention to find ways to alleviate the disease burden supplanted by combination therapy with multiple drugs to overcome drug resistance. Emergence of resistant strains even against the combination therapy has now mandated the revision of the current antimalarial pharmacotherapy. Research efforts of the past decade led to the discovery and identification of several new structural classes of antimalarial agents with improved biological attributes over the older ones. The following is a comprehensive review, addressed to the new structural classes of heterocyclic and natural compounds that have been identified during the last decade as antimalarial agents. Some of the classes included herein contain one or more pharmacophores amalgamated into a single bioactive scaffold as antimalarial agents, which act upon the conventional and novel targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan K Rathod
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Meenakshi Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Krishna K Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Samarpita Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Ahana Basak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160 062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan YM, Yu LJ, Gardiner MG, Coote ML, Sherburn M. Enantioselective oxa‐Diels‐Alder Sequences of Dendralenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Min Fan
- Australian National University College of Science: Australian National University Research School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Li-Juan Yu
- Australian National University College of Science: Australian National University Research School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- Australian National University College of Science: Australian National University Research School of Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Flinders University of South Australia: Flinders University Chemistry AUSTRALIA
| | - Michael Sherburn
- Australian National University Research School of Chemistry Building 137, Sullivan's Creek Road 0200 Canberra AUSTRALIA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roosen PC, Karns AS, Ellis BD, Vanderwal CD. Evolution of a Short and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (+)-7,20-Diisocyanoadociane. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1398-1420. [PMID: 34990544 PMCID: PMC9336542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A full account of the development of a concise and highly stereoselective synthesis of (+)-7,20-diisocyanoadociane (DICA)─a structurally complex isocyanoditerpene with potent antiplasmodial activity─is described. The strategy that evolved relies on the rapid construction of unsaturated tricyclic precursors designed to undergo stereocontrolled Birch reductions and a subsequent "bay ring" formation to generate the isocycloamphilectane core. This report is divided into three sections: (1) a description of the initial strategy and the results that focused our efforts on a single route to the DICA core, (2) a discussion of the precise choreography needed to enable a first-generation formal synthesis of (±)-DICA, and (3) the execution of a 13-step second-generation synthesis of (+)-DICA that builds on important lessons learned from the first-generation effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp C. Roosen
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Alexander S. Karns
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Bryan D. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Science II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 101 Theory, Suite 101, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3958, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Westley E, Sowden MJ, Magann NL, Horvath KL, Connor KPE, Sherburn MS. Substituted Tetraethynylethylene-Tetravinylethylene Hybrids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:977-986. [PMID: 34989222 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general synthetic approach to molecular structures that are hybrids of tetraethynylethylene (TEE) and tetravinylethylene (TVE) is reported. The synthesis permits the controlled preparation of many previously inaccessible structures, including examples with different substituents on each of the four branching arms. Most substituted TVE-TEE hybrids are found to be significantly more robust compounds than their unsubstituted counterparts, enhancing the prospects of their deployment in conducting materials and devices. Their participation in pericyclic reaction cascades, leading to sp3-rich polycycles, is demonstrated. The utilization of TEE-TVE hybrids as building blocks for larger acyclic, through/cross-conjugated hydrocarbon frameworks is also established. Aryl-substituted TEEs, TVEs, and their hybrids are fluorescent, with some exhibiting aggregation-induced emission enhancement. The structural requirements are defined and explained, setting the scene for applications as fluorescent probes and organic light-emitting diodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Westley
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Madison J Sowden
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Nicholas L Magann
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kelsey L Horvath
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kieran P E Connor
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kingston DGI, Cassera MB. Antimalarial Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 117:1-106. [PMID: 34977998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89873-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have made a crucial and unique contribution to human health, and this is especially true in the case of malaria, where the natural products quinine and artemisinin and their derivatives and analogues, have saved millions of lives. The need for new drugs to treat malaria is still urgent, since the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has become resistant to quinine and most of its derivatives and is becoming resistant to artemisinin and its derivatives. This volume begins with a short history of malaria and follows this with a summary of its biology. It then traces the fascinating history of the discovery of quinine for malaria treatment and then describes quinine's biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use, concluding with a discussion of synthetic antimalarial agents based on quinine's structure. The volume then covers the discovery of artemisinin and its development as the source of the most effective current antimalarial drug, including summaries of its synthesis and biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use and resistance. A short discussion of other clinically used antimalarial natural products leads to a detailed treatment of other natural products with significant antiplasmodial activity, classified by compound type. Although the search for new antimalarial natural products from Nature's combinatorial library is challenging, it is very likely to yield new antimalarial drugs. The chapter thus ends by identifying over ten natural products with development potential as clinical antimalarial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Maria Belen Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Massarotti A, Brunelli F, Aprile S, Giustiniano M, Tron GC. Medicinal Chemistry of Isocyanides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:10742-10788. [PMID: 34197077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eons of evolution, isocyanides carved out a niche in the ecological systems probably thanks to their metal coordinating properties. In 1859 the first isocyanide was synthesized by humans and in 1950 the first natural isocyanide was discovered. Now, at the beginning of XXI century, hundreds of isocyanides have been isolated both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and thousands have been synthesized in the laboratory. For some of them their ecological role is known, and their potent biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antifouling, and antitumoral compounds has been described. Notwithstanding, the isocyanides have not gained a good reputation among medicinal chemists who have erroneously considered them either too reactive or metabolically unstable, and this has restricted their main use to technical applications as ligands in coordination chemistry. The aim of this review is therefore to show the richness in biological activity of the isocyanide-containing molecules, to support the idea of using the isocyanide functional group as an unconventional pharmacophore especially useful as a metal coordinating warhead. The unhidden hope is to convince the skeptical medicinal chemists of the isocyanide potential in many areas of drug discovery and considering them in the design of future drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Brunelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvio Aprile
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xin Z, Wang H, He H, Zhao X, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Norzoanthamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12807-12812. [PMID: 33822444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the asymmetric total synthesis of norzoanthamine using radical reactions as key steps for rapid access to the congested carbocyclic core, which is the major synthetic challenge for most zoanthamine alkaloids. (1) The Ueno-Stork radical cyclization was applied to construct the adjacent quaternary centers at the C-9 and C-22 positions; (2) a Co-catalyzed HAT radical reaction was successfully applied to construct the quaternary center at C-12 via Csp3 -Csp2 bond formation; (3) a Mn-catalyzed HAT radical reaction was used to stereospecifically reduce the tetra-substituted olefin (C13=C18) and install the contiguous stereocenters in proximity to the quaternary center. A one-pot bio-inspired cyclization step was finally applied to forge the unstable bis-amino acetal skeleton. Our approach can precisely control the stereochemistry of seven vicinal stereocenters and effectively construct the highly congested heptacyclic skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xin Z, Wang H, He H, Zhao X, Gao S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Norzoanthamine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Haibing He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical, Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Retrosynthetic analysis emerged in the 1960s as a teaching tool with profound implications. Its educational value can be appreciated by a glance at total synthesis manuscripts over 50 years later, most of which contain a retrosynthesis on page one. Its vision extended to computer language-a pioneering idea in the 20th century that continues to expand the frontiers today. The same principles that guide a student to evaluate, expand, and refine a series of bond dissections can be programmed, so that computer assistance can perform the same tasks but at faster speeds.The slow step in the synthesis of complex structures, however, is seldom route design. Compression of molecular information into close proximity (Cm/Å3) requires exploration and empiricism, a close connection between theory and experiment. Here, retrosynthetic analysis guides the choice of experiment, so that the most simplifying-but often least assured-disconnection is prioritized: a high-risk, high reward strategy. The reimagining of total synthesis in a future era of retrosynthetic software may involve, counterintuitively, target design, as discussed here.Compared to the 1960s, retrosynthetic analysis in the 21st century finds itself among computers of unimaginable power and a biology that is increasingly molecular. Put together, the logic of retrosynthesis, the insight of structural biology, and the predictions of computation have inspired us to imagine an integration of the three. The synthetic target is treated as dynamic-a constellation of related structures-in order to find the nearest congener with the closest affinity but the shortest synthetic route. Such an approach merges synthetic design with structural design toward the goal of improved access for improved function.In this Account, we detail the evolution of our program from its inception in traditional natural product (NP) total synthesis to its current expression through the lens of chemical informatics: a view of NPs as aggregates of molecular parameters that define single points in a chemical space. Early work on synthesis and biological annotation of apparent metal pool binders and nonselective covalent electrophiles (asmarine alkaloids, isocyanoterpenes, Nuphar dimers) gave way to NPs with well-defined protein targets. The plant metabolite salvinorin A (SalA) potently and selectively agonizes the κ-opioid receptor (KOR), rapidly penetrates the brain, and represents an important lead for next-generation analgesics and antipruritics. To synthesize and diversify this lead, we adopted what we now call a dynamic approach. Deletion of a central methyl group stabilized the SalA scaffold, opened quick synthetic access, and retained high potency and selectivity. The generality of this idea was then tested against another neuroactive class. As an alternative hypothesis to TrkB channels, we proposed that the so-called "neurotrophic" Illicium terpenes may bind to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated ion channels to cause weak, chronic excitation. Syntheses of (-)-jiadifenolide, 3,6-dideoxy-10-hydroxypseudoanisatin, (-)-11-O-debenzoyltashironin, (-)-bilobalide, and (-)-picrotoxinin (PXN) allowed this hypothesis to be probed more broadly. Feedback from protein structure and synthetic reconnaissance led to a dynamic retrosynthesis of PXN and the identification of 5MePXN, a moderate GABAAR antagonist with greater aqueous stability available in eight steps from dimethylcarvone. We expect this dynamic approach to synthetic target analysis to become more feasible in the coming years and hope the next generation of scientists finds this approach helpful to address problems at the frontier of chemistry and biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stone Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Lines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Lines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tomanik M, Hsu IT, Herzon SB. Fragment Coupling Reactions in Total Synthesis That Form Carbon-Carbon Bonds via Carbanionic or Free Radical Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:1116-1150. [PMID: 31869476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fragment coupling reactions that form carbon-carbon bonds are valuable transformations in synthetic design. Advances in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in the early 2000s brought a high level of predictability and reliability to carbon-carbon bond constructions involving the union of unsaturated fragments. By comparison, recent years have witnessed an increase in fragment couplings proceeding via carbanionic and open-shell (free radical) intermediates. The latter has been driven by advances in methods to generate and utilize carbon-centered radicals under mild conditions. In this Review, we survey a selection of recent syntheses that have implemented carbanion- or radical-based fragment couplings to form carbon-carbon bonds. We aim to highlight the strategic value of these disconnections in their respective settings and to identify extensible lessons from each example that might be instructive to students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ian Tingyung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tomanik M, Hsu IT, Herzon SB. Fragmentverknüpfungen in der Totalsynthese – Bildung von C‐C‐Bindungen über intermediäre Carbanionen oder freie Radikale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St New Haven CT USA
| | - Ian Tingyung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St New Haven CT USA
| | - Seth B. Herzon
- Department of Chemistry Yale University 225 Prospect St New Haven CT USA
- Department of Pharmacology Yale University 333 Cedar St New Haven CT USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wu J, Ma Z. Metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) reactions in natural product synthesis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalization of olefins has been an important transformation in synthetic chemistry. This review will focus on the natural product synthesis employing the MHAT reaction as the key strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Desfeux C, Besnard C, Mazet C. [ n]Dendralenes as a Platform for Selective Catalysis: Ligand-Controlled Cu-Catalyzed Chemo-, Regio-, and Enantioselective Borylations. Org Lett 2020; 22:8181-8187. [PMID: 32559086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of two complementary methods for the Cu-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov borylation of one specific olefin in 2-substituted [n]dendralenes (n = 3-6). The first protocol operates with a bisphosphine ligand and occurs with high regio- and chemoselectivity for the terminal double bond, independently of the number of cross-conjugated alkenes. We show that the use of a chiral phosphanamine ligand enables the highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective borylation of the alkene cross-conjugated with the terminal olefin in [n]dendralenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Desfeux
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chi HM, Cole CJF, Hu P, Taylor CA, Snyder SA. Total syntheses of spiroviolene and spirograterpene A: a structural reassignment with biosynthetic implications. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10939-10944. [PMID: 34094343 PMCID: PMC8162393 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04686h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent natural product isolates spiroviolene and spirograterpene A are two relatively non-functionalized linear triquinane terpenes with a large number of structural homologies. Nevertheless, three significant areas of structural disparity exist based on their original assignments, one of which implies a key stereochemical divergence early in their respective biosyntheses. Herein, using two known bicyclic ketone intermediates, a core Pd-catalyzed Heck cyclization sequence, and several chemoselective transformations, we describe concise total syntheses of both natural product targets and propose that the structure of spiroviolene should be reassigned. As a result, these natural products possess greater homology than previously anticipated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Min Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Charles J F Cole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Pengfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Cooper A Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago 5735 S. Ellis Avenue Chicago IL 60637 USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Natural product-inspired aryl isonitriles as a new class of antimalarial compounds against drug-resistant parasites. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115678. [PMID: 32912433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a prevalent and deadly disease. The fast emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites makes the situation even worse. Thus, developing new chemical entities, preferably with novel mechanisms of action, is urgent and important. Inspired by the complex and scarce isonitrile-containing terpene natural products, we evaluated a collection of easily prepared synthetic mono- and bis-isonitrile compounds, most of which feature a simple, but rigid stilbene backbone. From this collection, potent antimalarial lead compounds with EC50 value ranging from 27 to 88 nM against the Dd2 strain using a blood stage proliferation assay were identified. Preliminary SAR information showed that the isonitrile group is essential for the observed activity against the Dd2 strain and the bis-isonitrile compounds in general perform better than the corresponding mono-isonitrile compounds.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yurino T, Ohkuma T. Nucleophilic Isocyanation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4719-4724. [PMID: 32201756 PMCID: PMC7081272 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Isonitriles are frequently employed as both substrates for organic transformations and ligands for organometallic chemistry. However, despite the wide application of the isonitriles, their synthesis generally depends on the traditional dehydration of N-formamide. "Nucleophilic isocyanation" using cyanide as an N-nucleophile is another straightforward strategy affording the corresponding isonitriles. This method has been available since the 19th century but is still an immature procedure and is therefore more rarely used. In this review, we summarize the concepts and recent progress in nucleophilic isocyanation, including the relatively rare examples of catalytic isocyanation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sowden MJ, Ward JS, Sherburn MS. Synthesis and Properties of 2,3-Diethynyl-1,3-Butadienes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4145-4153. [PMID: 31872518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The first general preparative access to compounds of the 2,3-diethynyl-1,3-butadiene (DEBD) class is reported. The synthesis involves a one-pot, twofold Sonogashira-type, Pd0 -catalyzed coupling of two terminal alkynes and a carbonate derivative of a 2-butyne-1,4-diol. The synthesis is broad in scope and members of this structural family are kinetically stable enough to be handled using standard laboratory techniques at ambient temperature. They decompose primarily through heat-promoted cyclodimerizations, which are impeded by alkyl substitution and accelerated by aryl or alkenyl substitution. An iterative sequence of these unprecedented Sonogashira-type couplings generates a new type of expanded dendralene. A suitably substituted DEBD carrying two terminal alkyne groups undergoes Glaser-Eglinton cyclo-oligomerization to produce a new class of expanded radialenes, which are chiral due to restricted rotation about their 1,3-butadiene units. The structural features giving rise to atropisomerism in these compounds are distinct from those reported previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison J Sowden
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jas S Ward
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
George J, Ward JS, Sherburn MS. A general synthesis of dendralenes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9969-9973. [PMID: 32055353 PMCID: PMC7003925 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The first broad spectrum dendralene synthesis permits the widest structural and substituent variation and promotes applications in step economic synthesis.
The first general synthetic approach to substituted [3]- and higher dendralenes is reported. Fifty-one mono- through to penta-substituted dendralenes carrying alkyl-, cycloalkyl-, alkenyl-, alkynyl-, aryl- and heteroaryl-substitutents are accessed, and the first (E)/(Z)-stereoselective syntheses of dendralenes are reported (twenty-eight examples). The approach involves twofold Pd(0)-catalyzed Negishi couplings of 1,1-dibromoalkenes with alkenylzinc reagents, and exploits both substrate- and catalyst-controlled aspects of chemo-, regio- and stereoselectivity in the two C(sp2)–C(sp2) bond forming steps. The value of the new hydrocarbons in rapid structural complexity generation is demonstrated through their deployment in unprecedented diene- and triene-transmissive pericyclic reaction sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josemon George
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia .
| | - Jas S Ward
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia .
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia .
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
George J, Sherburn MS. Diene-Transmissive Enantioselective Diels-Alder Reactions and Sequences Involving Substituted Dendralenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14712-14723. [PMID: 31614081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Readily available and stable substituted [3]dendralenes undergo highly chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective organocatalyzed Diels-Alder reactions with acrolein to form enantiomerically enriched cycloadducts. These monocycloadducts carry semicyclic dienes that undergo a second, substrate-controlled diastereoselective Diels-Alder reaction with a different dienophile to form 2-fold cycloadducts. Overall, annulated, functional group rich, chiral Δ1(9)-octalin building blocks are accessed in one-pot operations that significantly extend the preparative value of diene-transmissive Diels-Alder sequences since they offer products of regio- and stereochemistry complementary to those generated from the parent, unsubstituted [3]dendralene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josemon George
- Research School of Chemistry , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT 2601 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Elgindy C, Ward JS, Sherburn MS. Tetravinylallene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Elgindy
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Michael S. Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The first chemical synthesis of tetravinylallene (3,5-divinylhepta-1,3,4,6-tetraene) is reported. The final, key step of the synthesis involves a palladium-catalyzed, Negishi-type cross-coupling involving 1,5-transposition of a penta-2-en-4-yn-1-ol methanesulfonate. The unprecedented fundamental hydrocarbon is sufficiently stable to be purified by flash chromatography. A similar synthetic pathway grants access to the first substituted tetravinylallenes, which provide insights into the influence of substitution upon stability and reactivity. Tetravinylallenes are shown to break new ground in swift structural complexity creation, with three novel sequences reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Elgindy
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jas S Ward
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Michael S Sherburn
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Karns AS, Ellis BD, Roosen PC, Chahine Z, Le Roch KG, Vanderwal CD. Concise Synthesis of the Antiplasmodial Isocyanoterpene 7,20‐Diisocyanoadociane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Karns
- 1102 Natural Sciences II Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Bryan D. Ellis
- 1102 Natural Sciences II Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Philipp C. Roosen
- 1102 Natural Sciences II Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| | - Zeinab Chahine
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology University of California, Riverside 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Karine G. Le Roch
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology University of California, Riverside 900 University Avenue Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- 1102 Natural Sciences II Department of Chemistry University of California Irvine CA 92697-2025 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Karns AS, Ellis BD, Roosen PC, Chahine Z, Le Roch KG, Vanderwal CD. Concise Synthesis of the Antiplasmodial Isocyanoterpene 7,20-Diisocyanoadociane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13749-13752. [PMID: 31270921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The flagship member of the antiplasmodial isocyanoterpenes, 7,20-diisocyanoadociane (DICA), was synthesized from dehydrocryptone in 10 steps, and in 13 steps from commercially available material. Our previous formal synthesis was reengineered, leveraging only productive transformations to deliver DICA in fewer than half the number of steps of our original effort. Important contributions, in addition to the particularly concise strategy, include a solution to the problem of axial nucleophilic methylation of a late-stage cyclohexanone, and the first selective synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of the DICA stereoisomer with both isonitriles equatorial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Karns
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Bryan D Ellis
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Philipp C Roosen
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Zeinab Chahine
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Karine G Le Roch
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Infectious Disease and Vector Research, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yurino T, Tani R, Ohkuma T. Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Isocyanation: Nucleophilic N-Terminus Substitution of Ambident Cyanide. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Yurino
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Tani
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohkuma
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li H, Gontla R, Flegel J, Merten C, Ziegler S, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Enantioselective Formal C(sp3
)−H Bond Activation in the Synthesis of Bioactive Spiropyrazolone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:307-311. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Houhua Li
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Rajesh Gontla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li H, Gontla R, Flegel J, Merten C, Ziegler S, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Enantioselective Formal C(sp3
)−H Bond Activation in the Synthesis of Bioactive Spiropyrazolone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Houhua Li
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Rajesh Gontla
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Jana Flegel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christian Merten
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum; Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund; Fakultät Chemie und Chemische Biologie; Otto-Hahn-Straße 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Green SA, Crossley SWM, Matos JLM, Vásquez-Céspedes S, Shevick SL, Shenvi RA. The High Chemofidelity of Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2628-2640. [PMID: 30406655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of any chemical reaction in a structurally complex setting ( King , S. M. J. Org. Chem. 2014 , 79 , 8937 ) confronts structurally defined barriers: steric environment, functional group reactivity, product instability, and through-bond electronics. However, there are also practical barriers. Late-stage reactions conducted on small quantities of material are run inevitably at lower than optimal concentrations. Access to late-stage material limits extensive optimization. Impurities from past reactions can interfere, especially with catalytic reactions. Therefore, chemical reactions on which one can rely at the front lines of a complex synthesis campaign emerge from the crucible of total synthesis as robust, dependable, and widely applied. Trost conceptualized "chemoselectivity" as a reagent's selective reaction of one functional group or reactive site in preference to others ( Trost , B. M. Science 1983 , 219 , 245 ). Chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance can be evaluated quickly using robustness screens ( Collins , K. D. Nat. Chem. 2013 , 5 , 597 ). A reaction may also be characterized by its "chemofidelity", that is, its reliable reaction with a functional group in any molecular context. For example, ketone reduction by an electride (dissolving metal conditions) exhibits high chemofidelity but low chemoselectivity: it usually works, but many other functional groups are reduced at similar rates. Conversely, alkene coordination chemistry effected by π Lewis acids can exhibit high chemoselectivity ( Trost , B. M. Science 1983 , 219 , 245 ) but low chemofidelity: it can be highly selective for alkenes but sensitive to the substitution pattern ( Larionov , E. Chem. Commun. 2014 , 50 , 9816 ). In contrast, alkenes undergo reliable, robust, and diverse hydrogen atom transfer reactions from metal hydrides to generate carbon-centered radicals. Although there are many potential applications of this chemistry, its functional group tolerance, high rates, and ease of execution have led to its rapid deployment in complex synthesis campaigns. Its success derives from high chemofidelity, that is, its dependable reactivity in many molecular environments and with many alkene substitution patterns. Metal hydride H atom transfer (MHAT) reactions convert diverse, simple building blocks to more stereochemically and functionally dense products ( Crossley , S. W. M. Chem. Rev. 2016 , 116 , 8912 ). When hydrogen is returned to the metal, MHAT can be considered the radical equivalent of Brønsted acid catalysis-itself a broad reactivity paradigm. This Account summarizes our group's contributions to method development, reagent discovery, and mechanistic interrogation. Our earliest contribution to this area-a stepwise hydrogenation with high chemoselectivity and high chemofidelity-has found application to many problems. More recently, we reported the first examples of dual-catalytic cross-couplings that rely on the merger of MHAT cycles and nickel catalysis. With time, we anticipate that MHAT will become a staple of chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Steven W. M. Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jeishla L. M. Matos
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Suhelen Vásquez-Céspedes
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sophia L. Shevick
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Voronin VV, Ledovskaya MS, Bogachenkov AS, Rodygin KS, Ananikov VP. Acetylene in Organic Synthesis: Recent Progress and New Uses. Molecules 2018; 23:E2442. [PMID: 30250005 PMCID: PMC6222752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the leading synthetic applications of acetylene is discussed from the prospect of rapid development and novel opportunities. A diversity of reactions involving the acetylene molecule to carry out vinylation processes, cross-coupling reactions, synthesis of substituted alkynes, preparation of heterocycles and the construction of a number of functionalized molecules with different levels of molecular complexity were recently studied. Of particular importance is the utilization of acetylene in the synthesis of pharmaceutical substances and drugs. The increasing interest in acetylene and its involvement in organic transformations highlights a fascinating renaissance of this simplest alkyne molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Voronin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Maria S Ledovskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Alexander S Bogachenkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Konstantin S Rodygin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky prospect 26, Peterhof 198504, Russia.
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ledovskaya MS, Voronin VV, Rodygin KS. Methods for the synthesis of O-, S- and N-vinyl derivatives. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
Robinson EE, Thomson RJ. A Strategy for the Convergent and Stereoselective Assembly of Polycyclic Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1956-1965. [PMID: 29309727 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective oxidative coupling of cyclic ketones via silyl bis-enol ethers followed by ring-closing metathesis is shown to be a general and powerful reaction sequence for the preparation of diverse polycyclic scaffolds from simple precursors. The modular strategy successfully constructs substructures prevalent in numerous bioactive natural product families, varying in substitution and carbocyclic composition. Several of the prepared compounds were shown to possess potent cytotoxic activity against a panel of tumor cell lines. The utility of this strategy was further demonstrated by a concise and highly convergent 17-step formal synthesis of the complex antimalarial marine diterpene, (+)-7,20-diisocyanoadociane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Regan J Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
White AM, Dao K, Vrubliauskas D, Könst ZA, Pierens GK, Mándi A, Andrews KT, Skinner-Adams TS, Clarke ME, Narbutas PT, Sim DCM, Cheney KL, Kurtán T, Garson MJ, Vanderwal CD. Catalyst-Controlled Stereoselective Synthesis Secures the Structure of the Antimalarial Isocyanoterpene Pustulosaisonitrile-1. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13313-13323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. White
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kathy Dao
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Darius Vrubliauskas
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Zef A. Könst
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Gregory K. Pierens
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katherine T. Andrews
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Tina S. Skinner-Adams
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mary E. Clarke
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Patrick T. Narbutas
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Desmond C.-M. Sim
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L. Cheney
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mary J. Garson
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- 1102
Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-An Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zweig JE, Kim DE, Newhouse TR. Methods Utilizing First-Row Transition Metals in Natural Product Total Synthesis. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11680-11752. [PMID: 28525261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
First-row transition-metal-mediated reactions constitute an important and growing area of research due to the low cost, low toxicity, and exceptional synthetic versatility of these metals. Currently, there is considerable effort to replace existing precious-metal-catalyzed reactions with first-row analogs. More importantly, there are a plethora of unique transformations mediated by first-row metals, which have no classical second- or third-row counterpart. Herein, the application of first-row metal-mediated methods to the total synthesis of natural products is discussed. This Review is intended to highlight strategic uses of these metals to realize efficient syntheses and highlight the future potential of these reagents and catalysts in organic synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E Zweig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Daria E Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy R Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Daub ME, Roosen PC, Vanderwal CD. General Approaches to Structurally Diverse Isocyanoditerpenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4533-4541. [PMID: 28402638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1970s, the striking architectures and the unusual isonitrile functional groups of the isocyanoterpenes have attracted the interest of many organic chemists. The more recent revelation of their potent in vitro antiplasmodial activity sparked new endeavors to synthesize members of this family of secondary metabolites. In this Synopsis, we discuss three distinct strategies that each address multiple structurally different members of the isocyanoterpenes, ending with some of our group's recent contributions in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elisabeth Daub
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, 92697-2025 California, United States
| | - Philipp C Roosen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, 92697-2025 California, United States
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, 92697-2025 California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Deng H, Cao W, Liu R, Zhang Y, Liu B. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Hispidanin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5849-5852. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Deng H, Cao W, Liu R, Zhang Y, Liu B. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Hispidanin A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Wei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of the Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; 29 Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Naidu GS, Singh R, Kumar M, Ghosh SK. Tuning the Stability and the Reactivity of Substituted [3]Dendralenes for Quick Access to Diverse Copiously Functionalized Fused Polycycles with Step and Atom Economy. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3648-3658. [PMID: 28244753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This is the first comprehensive study that details the synthesis of stable acyclic trisubstituted [3]dendralenes and deciphers their structural requisite for a successful diene transmissive Diels-Alder (DTDA) reaction by employing two different dienophiles and eventually generating a small repository of complex molecules, thus exemplifying how substituted [3]dendralenes could be deployed in diversity-oriented synthesis with high selectivities. A balance of reactivity and stability was struck by prudent selection of the position and nature of functional groups on these [3]dendralenes. Upon tandem Diels-Alder reactions with several symmetrical as well as unsymmetrical dienophiles, these dendralenes afforded diversity-oriented quick access to many polycyclic complex motifs possessing several functional groups and multiple stereogenic centers. Thus, the full potential of the dendralenes could be harnessed. The reactions proceeded under mild conditions with step and atom economy and were highly regio- and stereoselective besides being excellent yielding. The DTDA sequence resulted in the generation of four new carbon-carbon bonds, two new rings, and 3-7 stereogenic centers. The key feature of the method is that we could rapidly generate complexity along with functional and structural diversity from a trivial acyclic substrate with no stereogenic centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonna Somu Naidu
- Bio-Organic Division, ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, and §Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rekha Singh
- Bio-Organic Division, ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, and §Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Bio-Organic Division, ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, and §Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sunil K Ghosh
- Bio-Organic Division, ‡Homi Bhabha National Institute, and §Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Daub ME, Prudhomme J, Ben Mamoun C, Le Roch KG, Vanderwal CD. Antimalarial Properties of Simplified Kalihinol Analogues. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:355-360. [PMID: 28337330 PMCID: PMC5346982 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several kalihinol natural products, members of the broader isocyanoterpene family of antimalarial agents, are potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum, the agent of the most severe form of human malaria. Our previous total synthesis of kalihinol B provided a blueprint to generate many analogues within this family, some as complex as the natural product and some much simplified and easier to access. Each analogue was tested for blood-stage antimalarial activity using both drug-sensitive and -resistant P. falciparum strains. Many considerably simpler analogues of the kalihinols retained potent activity, as did a compound with a different decalin scaffold made in only three steps from sclareolide. Finally, one representative compound showed reasonable stability toward microsomal metabolism, suggesting that the isonitrile functional group that is critical for activity is not an inherent liability in these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elisabeth Daub
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jacques Prudhomme
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Karine G. Le Roch
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, University of California, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher D. Vanderwal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
We report a concise chemical synthesis of kalihinol C via a possible biosynthetic intermediate, "protokalihinol", which was targeted as a scaffold en route to antiplasmodial analogs. High stereocontrol of the kalihinol framework relies on a heterodendralene cascade to establish the target stereotetrad. Common problems of regio- and chemoselectivity encountered in the kalihinol class are explained and solved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Reiher
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lippincott DJ, Linstadt RTH, Maser MR, Lipshutz BH. Synthesis of Functionalized [3], [4], [5] and [6]Dendralenes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Substituted Allenoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:847-850. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Lippincott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Roscoe T. H. Linstadt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Michael R. Maser
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lippincott DJ, Linstadt RTH, Maser MR, Lipshutz BH. Synthesis of Functionalized [3], [4], [5] and [6]Dendralenes through Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of Substituted Allenoates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Lippincott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Roscoe T. H. Linstadt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Michael R. Maser
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Bruce H. Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| |
Collapse
|