1
|
Petrovick JG, Radke CJ, Weber AZ. Gas Mass-Transport Coefficients in Ionomer Membranes Using a Microelectrode. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:208-218. [PMID: 36785864 PMCID: PMC9838820 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gas permeability, the product of gas diffusivity and Henry's gas-absorption constant, of ionomer membranes is an important transport parameter in fuel cell and electrolyzer research as it governs gas crossover between electrodes and perhaps in the catalyst layers as well. During transient operation, it is important to divide the gas permeability into its constituent properties as they are individually important. Although transient microelectrode measurements have been used previously to separate the gas permeability into these two parameters, inconsistencies remain in the interpretation of the experimental techniques. In this work, a new interpretation methodology is introduced for determining independently diffusivity and Henry's constant of hydrogen and oxygen gases in ionomer membranes (Nafion 211 and Nafion XL) as a function of relative humidity using microelectrodes. Two time regimes are accounted for. At long times, gas permeability is determined from a two-dimensional numerical model that calculates the solubilized-gas concentration profiles at a steady state. At short times, permeability is deconvoluted into diffusivity and Henry's constant by analyzing transient data with an extended Cottrell equation that corrects for actual electrode surface area. Gas permeability and diffusivity increase as relative humidity increases for both gases in both membranes, whereas Henry's constants for both gases decrease with increasing relative humidity. In addition, results for Nafion 211 membranes are compared to a simple phase-separated parallel-diffusion transport theory with good agreement. The two-time-regime analysis and the experimental methodology can be applied to other electrochemical systems to enable greater precision in the calculation of transport parameters and to further understanding of gas transport in fuel cells and electrolyzers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Petrovick
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Energy
Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Clayton J. Radke
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z. Weber
- Energy
Conversion Group, Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang Y, Li P, Zheng X, Sun W, Dou SX, Ma T, Pan H. Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers and fuel cells. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9620-9693. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The key components, working management, and operating techniques of anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers and fuel cells are reviewed for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxiong Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute of Energy Material Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Hongge Pan
- Institute of Science and Technology for New Energy, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, 710021, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Overton P, Li W, Cao X, Holdcroft S. Tuning Ion Exchange Capacity in Hydroxide-Stable Poly(arylimidazolium) Ionenes: Increasing the Ionic Content Decreases the Dependence of Conductivity and Hydration on Temperature and Humidity. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Overton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Xinzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kosakian A, Urbina LP, Heaman A, Secanell M. Understanding single-phase water-management signatures in fuel-cell impedance spectra: A numerical study. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Schibli EM, Stewart JC, Wright AA, Chen B, Holdcroft S, Frisken BJ. The Nanostructure of HMT-PMBI, a Sterically Hindered Ionene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Schibli
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jacob C. Stewart
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aidan A. Wright
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Binyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Barbara J. Frisken
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Review of Dissolved Oxygen Detection Technology: From Laboratory Analysis to Online Intelligent Detection. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19183995. [PMID: 31527482 PMCID: PMC6767127 DOI: 10.3390/s19183995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen is an important index to evaluate water quality, and its concentration is of great significance in industrial production, environmental monitoring, aquaculture, food production, and other fields. As its change is a continuous dynamic process, the dissolved oxygen concentration needs to be accurately measured in real time. In this paper, the principles, main applications, advantages, and disadvantages of iodometric titration, electrochemical detection, and optical detection, which are commonly used dissolved oxygen detection methods, are systematically analyzed and summarized. The detection mechanisms and materials of electrochemical and optical detection methods are examined and reviewed. Because external environmental factors readily cause interferences in dissolved oxygen detection, the traditional detection methods cannot adequately meet the accuracy, real-time, stability, and other measurement requirements; thus, it is urgent to use intelligent methods to make up for these deficiencies. This paper studies the application of intelligent technology in intelligent signal transfer processing, digital signal processing, and the real-time dynamic adaptive compensation and correction of dissolved oxygen sensors. The combined application of optical detection technology, new fluorescence-sensitive materials, and intelligent technology is the focus of future research on dissolved oxygen sensors.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi B, Zhang J, Wu W, Wang J, Huang J. Controlling conduction environments of anion exchange membrane by functionalized SiO2 for enhanced hydroxide conductivity. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Kim MJ, Kim OH, Kim S, Choi YW, Cho YH, Sung YE. A facile approach to improve the performance of alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells by reducing ionic resistance. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
9
|
Fan L, Wang M, Zhang Z, Qin G, Hu X, Chen Q. Preparation and Characterization of PVA Alkaline Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Addition of Bamboo Charcoal. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11050679. [PMID: 29701694 PMCID: PMC5978056 DOI: 10.3390/ma11050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Natural bamboo charcoal (BC) powder has been developed as a novel filler in order to further improve performances of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based alkaline solid polymer electrolyte (ASPE) by solution casting method. X-ray diffraction patterns of composite polymer electrolyte with BC revealed the decrease in the degree of crystallinity with increasing content of BC. Scanning electron microscopy images showed pores on a micrometer scale (average diameter about 2 μm) distributed inside and on the surface of the membranes, indicating a three-dimension network formed in the polymer framework. The ionic conductivity was measured by the alternating-current (AC) impedance method, and the highest conductivity value of 6.63 × 10−2 S·cm−1 was obtained with 16 wt % of BC content and mKOH:mPVA = 2:1.5 at 30 °C. The contents of BC and KOH could significantly influence the conductivity. The temperature dependence of the bulk electrical conductivity displayed a combination of Arrhenius nature, and the activation energy for the ion in polymer electrolyte has been calculated. The electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte membrane was over 1.6 V. The thermogravimetric analysis curves showed that the degradation temperatures of PVA-BC-KOH ASPE membranes shifted toward higher with adding BC. A simple nickel-hydrogen battery containing PVA-BC-KOH electrolyte membrane was assembled with a maximum discharge capacity of 193 mAh·g−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Fan
- School of Civil Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454001, China.
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454001, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454001, China.
| | - Gang Qin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454001, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454001, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stock D, Dongmo S, Walther F, Sann J, Janek J, Schröder D. Homogeneous Coating with an Anion-Exchange Ionomer Improves the Cycling Stability of Secondary Batteries with Zinc Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:8640-8648. [PMID: 29442492 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Limited cycling stability of secondary cells with zinc anodes arises mainly from the high solubility of oxidized zinc species in the alkaline electrolyte resulting in electrode shape change and loss of active material during repeated discharge and charge. We propose and successfully employ a homogeneous coating with an anion-exchange ionomer (AEI) on model electrodes with electron-conductive host structures to confine the oxidized zinc species. Ideally, the confinement of oxidized zinc species reduces the shape change of the electrode and keeps the active material as close as possible at its place of origin. In this work, the confinement concept for the oxidized zinc species is elucidated by means of electrochemical studies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: as intended, an interlayer of zinc oxide forms between the AEI and the surface of the zinc electrode. This interlayer implies that the hydroxide ions are able to pass and react as intended, whereas the migration of oxidized zinc species into the bulk electrolyte is hindered. The coating with an AEI yields a higher amount of restored zinc during electrodeposition in comparison to an uncoated zinc electrode-applying an AEI coating increases the achievable cycle number by up to six times. We investigate the morphology of the cycled electrodes and derive thereby the needs for further material classes that might be employed in the confinement concept. This approach demonstrates the benefit of ion-selective coatings, allowing for the permeation of hydroxide ions but not of oxidized zinc species, a concept which improves rechargeable batteries with zinc anodes, such as zinc-oxygen batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stock
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Saustin Dongmo
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Felix Walther
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Joachim Sann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa) , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , D-35392 Giessen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bau JA, Takanabe K. Ultrathin Microporous SiO2 Membranes Photodeposited on Hydrogen Evolving Catalysts Enabling Overall Water Splitting. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Bau
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kazuhiro Takanabe
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
and Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chabi S, Wright AG, Holdcroft S, Freund MS. Transparent Bipolar Membrane for Water Splitting Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26749-26755. [PMID: 28762724 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the use of a benzimidazolium-based anion exchange membrane for creating bipolar membranes and the assessment of their suitability for solar-driven water splitting. Bipolar membranes were prepared by laminating anion exchange membrane with Nafion NR-211 membrane without modification of the interface. Under acidic and basic conditions, proton and hydroxide ion conductivities of 103 and 102 mS cm-1 were obtained for Nafion and benzimidazolium-based membranes, respectively. The fabricated bipolar membranes have an average thickness of 90 μm and show high transmittance, up to 75% of the visible light. The findings suggest that the two membranes create a sharp hydrophilic interface with a space charge region of only a few nanometers, thereby generating a large electric field at the interface that enhances water dissociation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Chabi
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard , Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Andrew G Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Michael S Freund
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard , Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| |
Collapse
|