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Mondal H, Chattaraj PK. Frustrated Lewis pair-mediated hydro-dehalogenation: crucial role of non-covalent interactions. J Mol Model 2024; 30:198. [PMID: 38842625 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Organic halides stand as invaluable reagents with diverse applications in synthetic chemistry and various industrial processes. Despite their utility, concerns arise due to their inherent toxicity. Addressing these apprehensions, hydro-dehalogenation has emerged as a promising strategy involving the replacement of halogen atoms with hydrogen atoms to transform toxic organic halides into hydrocarbons. This study delves into the computational exploration of hydro-dehalogenation reactions of benzyl halide, mediated by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), using density functional theory (DFT). The reactions entail the formation of FLP1 or FLP2 in the presence of TMP or lutidine with B(C6F5)3, respectively. This is followed by heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen and subsequent reaction with benzyl halides. Non-covalent interaction analysis underscores the significance of π-π stacking and CH-π interactions in stabilizing transition states. Additionally, the activation strain model (ASM) dissects activation energies, revealing the substantial impact of strain energy on reaction barriers. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) offers insights into the contributions of electrostatic, orbital, and dispersion energies to the overall attractive interaction energy. The investigation extends to hydro-dehalogenation reactions of ethyl halides, uncovering distinct mechanisms and activation barriers. This comprehensive analysis illuminates the intricacies of hydro-dehalogenation reactions, providing valuable insights into their mechanisms and paving the way for future studies in this field. METHODS Geometry optimizations were carried out at the M06-2X/def2-SVP level of theory, which was performed using the Gaussian 16 program. Solvent-corrected single-point energies were also calculated using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) at the PCM(chloroform)-M06-2X/def2-TZVP//M06-2X/def2-SVP level of theory. The Gibbs free energy correction was determined from computations performed at the M06-2X/def2-SVP level of theory. Principal interacting orbital (PIO) analysis was conducted using the NBO 6.0 software. The nature of bonding in the respective transition state (TS) structures was analyzed using atoms-in-molecules (AIM) analyses. Additionally, the presence of non-covalent interactions (NCI) was exemplified using Multiwfn software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
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2
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Huang ZQ, Su X, Yu XY, Ban T, Gao X, Chang CR. Theoretical Perspective on the Design of Surface Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Small-Molecule Activation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5436-5444. [PMID: 38743952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The excellent reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) to activate small molecules has gained increasing attention in recent decades. Though the development of surface FLP (SFLP) is prompting the application of FLP in the chemical industry, the design of SFLP with superior activity, high density, and excellent stability for small-molecule activation is still challenging. Herein, we review the progress of designing SFLP by surface engineering, screening natural SFLP, and the dynamic formation of SFLP from theoretical perspectives. We highlight the breakthrough in fine-tuning the activity, density, and stability of the designed SFLP studied by using computational methods. We also discuss future challenges and directions in designing SFLP with outstanding capabilities for small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qing Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xue Su
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Xi-Yang Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Tao Ban
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Cleaning Conversion and Chemical Engineering Process, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Chun-Ran Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Low Metamorphic Coal Clean Utilization, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China
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3
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Chen W, Li S, Yi L, Chen Z, Li Z, Wu Y, Yan W, Deng F, Deng H. Precise Distance Control and Functionality Adjustment of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12215-12224. [PMID: 38629769 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
We report the construction of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in a metal-organic framework (MOF), where both Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) are fixed to the backbone. The anchoring of a tritopic organoboron linker as LA and a monotopic linker as LB to separate metal oxide clusters in a tetrahedron geometry allows for the precise control of distance between them. As the type of monotopic LB linker varies, pyridine, phenol, aniline, and benzyl alcohol, a series of 11 FLPs were constructed to give fixed distances of 7.1, 5.5, 5.4, and 4.8 Å, respectively, revealed by 11B-1H solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Keeping LA and LB apart by a fixed distance makes it possible to investigate the electrostatic effect by changing the functional groups in the monotopic LB linker, while the LA counterpart remains unaffected. This approach offers new chemical environments of the active site for FLP-induced catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Lezhi Yi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Yan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Hexiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Yangtze Memory Laboratories, Wuhan 430072, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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4
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Wu Q, Qin R, Zhu M, Shen H, Yu S, Zhong Y, Fu G, Yi X, Zheng N. Frustrated Lewis pairs on pentacoordinated Al 3+-enriched Al 2O 3 promote heterolytic hydrogen activation and hydrogenation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3140-3147. [PMID: 38425526 PMCID: PMC10901510 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06425e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As an emerging class of metal-free catalysts, frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) catalysts have been greatly constructed and applied in many fields. Homogeneous FLPs have witnessed significant development, while limited heterogeneous FLPs catalysts are available. Herein, we report that heterogeneous FLPs on pentacoordinated Al3+-enriched Al2O3 readily promote the heterolytic activation of H2 and thus hydrogenation catalysis. The defect-rich Al2O3 was prepared by simple calcination of a carboxylate-containing Al precursor. Combinatorial studies confirmed the presence of rich FLPs on the surface of the defective Al2O3. In contrast to conventional alumina (γ-Al2O3), the FLP-containing Al2O3 can activate H2 in the absence of any transition metal species. More importantly, H2 was activated by surface FLPs in a heterolytic pathway, leading to the hydrogenation of styrene in a stepwise process. This work paves the way for the exploration of more underlying heterogeneous FLPs catalysts and further understanding of accurate active sites and catalytic mechanisms of heterogeneous FLPs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Wu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Ruixuan Qin
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Rare-Earth Functional Materials, Fujian Shanhai Collaborative Innovation Center of Rare-Earth Functional Materials Longyan 366300 China
| | - Mengsi Zhu
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Hui Shen
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shenshui Yu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Gang Fu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xiaodong Yi
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen 361102 China
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5
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Wang M, Shanmugam M, McInnes EJL, Shaver MP. Light-Induced Polymeric Frustrated Radical Pairs as Building Blocks for Materials and Photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24294-24301. [PMID: 37890166 PMCID: PMC10636756 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric frustrated Lewis pairs, or poly(FLP)s, have served to bridge the gap between functional polymer science and main group catalysis, pairing the uniqueness of sterically frustrated Lewis acids and bases with a polymer scaffold to create self-healing gels and recyclable catalysts. However, their utilization in radical chemistry is unprecedented. In this paper, we disclose the synthesis of polymeric frustrated radical pairs, or poly(FRP)s, by in situ photoinduction of FLP moieties, where their Lewis acidic and basic centers are tuned to promote single electron transfer (SET). Through systematic manipulation of the chemical structure, we demonstrate that inclusion of ortho-methyl groups on phosphine monomers is crucial to enable SET. The generation of radicals is evidenced by monitoring the stable polymeric phosphine radical cations via UV/vis and EPR spectroscopy. These new poly(FRP)s enable both catalytic hydrogenation and radical-mediated photocatalytic perfluoroalkylations. These polymeric radical systems open new avenues to design novel functional polymers for catalysis and photoelectrical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Muralidharan Shanmugam
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Eric J. L. McInnes
- Photon
Science Institute, Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Michael P. Shaver
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Sustainable
Materials Innovation Hub, Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
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6
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Liang Y, Zhang Z, Su X, Feng X, Xing S, Liu W, Huang R, Liu Y. Coordination Defect-Induced Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Polyoxo-metalate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Catalytic Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309030. [PMID: 37488072 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the structure and spatial distance of Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites in a porous system to construct efficient solid frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) catalyst is vital for industrial application but remains challenging. Herein, we constructed FLP sites in a polyoxometalate (POM)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) by introducing coordination-defect metal nodes (LA) and surface-basic POM with abundant oxygen (LB). The well-defined and unique spatial conformation of the defective POM-based MOF ensure that the distance between LA and LB is at ~4.3 Å, a suitable distance to activate H2 . This FLP catalyst can heterolytically dissociate H2 into active Hδ- , thus exhibiting high activity in hydrogenation, which is 55 and 2.7 times as high as that of defect-free POM-based MOF and defective MOF without POM, respectively. This work provides a new avenue toward precise design multi-site catalyst to achieve specific activation of target substrate for synergistic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaofang Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Songzhu Xing
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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7
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Wang Y, Yan Q. CO 2 -Fueled Transient Breathing Nanogels that Couple Nonequilibrium Catalytic Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217001. [PMID: 36738302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a "breathing" nanogel that is fueled by CO2 gas to perform temporally programmable catalytic polymerization. The nanogel is composed of common frustrated Lewis pair polymers (FLPs). Dynamic CO2 -FLP gas-bridging bonds endow the nanogel with a transient volume contraction, and the resulting proximal effect of bound FLPs unlocks its catalytic capacity toward CO2 . Reverse gas depletion via a CO2 -participated polymerization can induce a reverse nanogel expansion, which shuts down the catalytic activity. Control of external factors (fuel level, temperature or additives) can regulate the breathing period, amplitude and lifecycle, so as to affect the catalytic polymerization. Moreover, editing the nanogel breathing procedure can sequentially evoke the copolymerization of CO2 with different epoxide monomers preloaded therein, which allows to obtain block-tunable copolycarbonates that are unachievable by other methods. This synthetic dissipative system would be function as a prototype of gas-driven nanosynthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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8
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Gäumann P, Cartagenova D, Ranocchiari M. Phosphine‐Functionalized Porous Materials for Catalytic Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Gäumann
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Daniele Cartagenova
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Marco Ranocchiari
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- Energy System Integration Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
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9
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Lin W, Chen H, Lin G, Yao S, Zhang Z, Qi J, Jing M, Song W, Li J, Liu X, Fu J, Dai S. Creating Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Defective Boron Carbon Nitride for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207807. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North Quzhou 324000 China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North Quzhou 324000 China
| | - Siyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jizhen Qi
- i-Lab CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO) Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Meizan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Science China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing 102249 China
| | - Weiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing College of Science China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing 102249 China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering In situ Center for Physical Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North Quzhou 324000 China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
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10
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Metal−free catalysis of the reductive amination of aldehydes using a phosphonium−doped porous aromatic framework. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Porous aromatic frameworks with high Pd nanoparticles loading as efficient catalysts for the Suzuki coupling reaction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:1023-1032. [PMID: 35970128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and recyclable heterogeneous Pd catalysts is an area of continuing attention due to their critical applications in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical production. In this study, two novel heterogeneous catalysts Pd@PAF-182 and Pd@PAF-183 were prepared by the immobilization/NaBH4 reduction of PdCl42- on hydrophilic cationic porous aromatic frameworks (PAF-182 and PAF-183), which were synthesized via a Yamamoto-type Ullmann coupling reaction from the corresponding aryl quaternary phosphonium salt monomer. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), solid-state Cross-Polarization Magic-Angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (CP/MAS NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) established the structures of the as-prepared catalysts. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) detection showed that the loading of Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) were 29.4 wt% for Pd@PAF-182 and 37.5 wt% for Pd@PAF-183, much higher than those of similar porous materials. Evaluation of the catalytic activity of the Pd@PAFs using Suzuki coupling as the model reaction demonstrated that as little as 0.12 mol% of Pd NPs could catalyze the Suzuki coupling with high efficiency, achieving yields up to 99% at 80 °C in 8 h. Recycling experiments also suggested that Pd@PAF-182 and Pd@PAF-183 maintained high catalytic activity with negligible leaching of Pd NPs after five cycles.
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12
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Lin W, Chen H, Lin G, Yao S, Zhang Z, Qi J, Jing M, Song W, Li J, Liu X, Fu J, Dai S. Creating Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Defective Boron Carbon Nitride for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lin
- Zhejiang University College of Chemical and Biological Engineering CHINA
| | - Hao Chen
- Hunan University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Gaobo Lin
- Zhejiang University College of Chemical and Biological Engineering CHINA
| | - Siyu Yao
- Zhejiang University College of Chemical and Biological Engineering CHINA
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Zhejiang University College of Chemical and Biological Engineering CHINA
| | - Jizhen Qi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO) CHINA
| | - Meizan Jing
- China University of Petroleum Beijing State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing CHINA
| | - Weiyu Song
- China University of Petroleum Beijing State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing CHINA
| | - Jing Li
- Zhejiang University College of Chemical and Biological Engineering CHINA
| | - Xi Liu
- Shanghai Jiaotong University: Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Jie Fu
- Zhejiang University College of Chemical and Biological Engineering 38 Zheda Rd 310027 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Chemical Sciences Division UNITED STATES
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13
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Zhai G, Liu Q, Ji J, Wu Y, Geng J, Hu X. Recyclable polymerized Lewis acid poly-BPh(C6F5)2 catalyzed selective N-formylation and N-methylation of amines with carbon dioxide and phenylsilanes. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Liu H, Li T, Ren Y. Ultramicroporous Organophosphorus Polymers via Self-Accelerating P-C Coupling Reactions: Kinetic Effects on Crosslinking Environments and Porous Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11748-11756. [PMID: 35734875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) have drawn significant attention in diverse applications. However, factors affecting the heterogeneous polymerization and porosity of POPs are still not well understood. Herein, we report a new strategy to construct porous organophosphorus polymers (POPPs) with high surface areas (1283 m2/g) and ultramicroporous structures (0.67 nm). The strategy harnesses an efficient transition-metal-catalyzed phosphorus-carbon (P-C) coupling reaction at the trigonal pyramidal P-center, which is distinct from the typical carbon-carbon coupling reaction utilized in the synthesis of POPs. As the first kinetic study on the coupling reaction of POPs, we uncovered a self-accelerating reaction characteristic, which is controlled by the choice of bases and catalysts. The self-accelerating characteristic of the P-C coupling reaction is beneficial for the high surface area and uniform ultramicroporosity of POPPs. The direct crosslinking of the P-centers allows 31P solid-state (ss)NMR experiments to unambiguously reveal the crosslinking environments of POPPs. Leveraging on the kinetic studies and 31P ssNMR studies, we were able to reveal the kinetic effects of the P-C coupling reaction on both the crosslinking environments and the porous structures of POPPs. Furthermore, our studies show that the CO2 uptake capacity of POPPs is highly dependent on their porous structures. Overall, our studies paves the way to design new POPs with better controlled chemical and ultramicroporous structures, which have potential applications for CO2 capture and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen H, Xiong C, Moon J, Ivanov AS, Lin W, Wang T, Fu J, Jiang DE, Wu Z, Yang Z, Dai S. Defect-Regulated Frustrated-Lewis-Pair Behavior of Boron Nitride in Ambient Pressure Hydrogen Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10688-10693. [PMID: 35588497 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The construction of heterogeneous frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) with performance comparable to or surpassing the homogeneous counterparts in H2 activation is a long-standing challenge. Herein, sterically hindered Lewis acid ("B" center) and Lewis base ("N" center) sites were anchored within the rigid lattice of highly crystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) scaffolds. The active sites were created via precision defect regulation during the molten-salt-involved (NaNH2 and NaBH4) h-BN construction procedure. The as-afforded h-BN scaffolds achieved highly efficient H2/D2 activation and dissociation under ambient pressure via FLP-like behavior, and attractive catalytic efficiency in hydrogenation reactions surpassing the current heterogeneous analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chuanye Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jisue Moon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander S Ivanov
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Wenwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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16
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Xue C, Peng M, Zhang Z, Han X, Wang Q, Li C, Liu H, Li T, Yu N, Ren Y. Conjugated Boron Porous Polymers Having Strong p−π* Conjugation for Amine Sensing and Absorption. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cece Xue
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikai Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Conger Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiming Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Frustrated Lewis pairs in situ formation in B-based porous aromatic frameworks for efficient o-phenylenediamine cyclization. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Zou Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Ma Y, Zhang S, Qu Y. Highly selective transfer hydrogenation of furfural into furfuryl alcohol by interfacial frustrated Lewis pairs on CeO2. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Xu H, Chen M, Ji M. Solid Lewis acid-base pair catalysts constructed by regulations on defects of UiO-66 for the catalytic hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Song J, Zhang K, Huang Z, Zhao J, Yang Z, Zong L, Chen J, Xie C, Jia X. A porous organic polymer supported Pd/Cu bimetallic catalyst for heterogeneous oxidation of alkynes to 1,2-diketones. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A reusable Pd/Cu bimetal-loaded porous organic polymer (Pd/Cu@POP–POPh3) has been developed for heterogeneous oxidation of various alkynes to afford the corresponding 1,2-diketones in high to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhongye Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Yang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, and, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Lingbo Zong
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, P. R. China
| | - Congxia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
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21
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Stephan DW. Diverse Uses of the Reaction of Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP) with Hydrogen. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20002-20014. [PMID: 34786935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The articulation of the notion of "frustrated Lewis pairs" (FLPs) emerged from the discovery that H2 can be reversibly activated by combinations of sterically encumbered main group Lewis acids and bases. This has prompted numerous studies focused on various perturbations of the Lewis acid/base combinations and the applications to organic reductions. This Perspective focuses on the new directions and developments that are emerging from this FLP chemistry involving hydrogen. Three areas are discussed including new applications and approaches to FLP reductions, the reductions of small molecules, and the advances in heterogeneous FLP systems. These foci serve to illustrate that despite having its roots in main group chemistry, this simple concept of FLPs is being applied across the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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22
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Wan Q, Li J, Jiang R, Lin S. Construction of frustrated Lewis pairs on carbon nitride nanosheets for catalytic hydrogenation of acetylene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24349-24356. [PMID: 34676856 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03592d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Here, we studied Al or B atom-doped carbon nitride (g-C3N4 and C2N) as catalysts for H2 activation and acetylene hydrogenation using density functional theory calculations. The Al or B could be assembled with the surface N atoms of carbon nitride to form diverse frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). The results show that Al-N FLPs had lower barriers of H2 activation in comparison with B-N FLPs. The heterolytic H2 dissociation catalyzed by Al-N FLPs led to the formation of Al-H and N-H species. The Al-H species were highly active in the first hydrogenation of acetylene to C2H3*, yielding a mild barrier, while in the second hydrogenation step, the reaction between C2H3 and the H of N-H species caused a relatively high barrier. Electronic structure analysis demonstrated the electron transfer in the heterolytic H2 cleavage and explained the activity differences in various FLPs. The results suggest that Al with the surface N of carbon nitride can act as an FLP to catalyze the H2 activation and acetylene hydrogenation, thus providing a new strategy for the future development of noble metal-free hydrogenation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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23
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Su P, Li Y, Ke Z. Metal Effect Meets Volcano Plots: A DFT Study on Tris(phosphino)borane-Transition Metal Complexes Catalyzed H 2 Activation. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3427-3436. [PMID: 34463040 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional transition metal complexes are of particular interest in metal-ligand cooperative activation of small molecules. As a novel type of bifunctional catalyst, Lewis acid transition metal (LA-TM) complexes have attracted increasing interest in hydrogen activation and storage. To advance the catalyst design, herein the metal effect of LA-TM complexes on the hydrogen activation has been systematically studied with a series of tris(phosphino)borane (TPB) complexes with V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni as metal centers. The metal effect not only influences the mechanism of hydrogen activation, but also notably casts a volcano plot for the activity. TPB complexes of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co tend to activate H2 through a stepwise mechanism, while TPB-Ni prefers a synergetic mechanism for H2 activation. More importantly, the metal effect significantly influences the activity of H2 activation and the formation of the LA-H-TM bridging hydride. The trend of changes in the LA-H-TM structures, the second-order perturbation stabilization energies, and the Laplacian bond orders, along with different metals (from V to Ni), are all interestingly constitute volcano plots for the performance of TPB-TM complexes catalyzed H2 activation. TPB-Mn and TPB-Fe are found to be the optimal catalysts among the discussed TPB-TM complexes. The volcano plots disclosed for the metal effects should be informative and instructive for homogeneous and heterogeneous LA-TM catalysts development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yinwu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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24
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Mondal H, Ghara M, Chattaraj PK. A computational investigation of the activation of allene (H2C = C = CHR; R = H, CH3, CN) by a frustrated phosphorous/boron Lewis pair. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Li G, Foo C, Yi X, Chen W, Zhao P, Gao P, Yoskamtorn T, Xiao Y, Day S, Tang CC, Hou G, Zheng A, Tsang SCE. Induced Active Sites by Adsorbate in Zeotype Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8761-8771. [PMID: 34076425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There has been a long debate on how and where active sites are created for molecular adsorption and catalysis in zeolites, which underpin many important industrial applications. It is well accepted that Lewis acidic sites (LASs) and basic sites (LBSs) as active sites in pristine zeolites are generally believed to be the extra-framework Al species and residue anion (OH-) species formed at fixed crystallographic positions after their synthesis. However, the dynamic interactions of adsorbates/reactants with pristine zeotype materials to "create" sites during real conditions remain largely unexplored. Herein, direct experimental observation of the establishment of induced active sites in silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) by an adsorbate is for the first time made, which contradicts the traditional view of the fixed active sites in zeotype materials. Evidence shows that an induced frustrated Lewis pair (FLP, three-coordinated framework Al as LAS and SiO (H) as LBS) can be transiently favored for heterolytic molecular binding/reactions of competitive polar adsorbates due to their ineffective orbital overlap in the rigid framework. High-resolution magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and ab initio molecular dynamics demonstrate the transformation of a typical Brønsted acid site (Al(OH)Si) in SAPO zeolites to new induced FLP structure for hetereolytic binding upon adsorption of a strong polar adsorbate. Our unprecedented finding opens up a new avenue to understanding the dynamic establishment of active sites for adsorption or chemical reactions under molecular bombardment of zeolitic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher Foo
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K.,Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Xianfeng Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhao
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Pan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tatchamapan Yoskamtorn
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah Day
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Guangjin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, National Laboratory for Clean Energy, 2011-Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Anmin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shik Chi Edman Tsang
- Wolfson Catalysis Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QR, U.K
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26
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Kumar P, Das A, Maji B. Phosphorus containing porous organic polymers: synthetic techniques and applications in organic synthesis and catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4174-4192. [PMID: 33871521 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00137j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorus-containing porous organic polymer is a trending material for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. Decades of investigations have established phosphines as versatile ligands in homogeneous catalysis. Recently, phosphine-based heterogeneous catalysts were synthesized to exploit the same electronic properties while leveraging extra stability and reusability. In the last few decades, the catalysts were applied in diverse organic transformations, including hydroformylation, hydrogenation, C-C, C-N and C-X coupling, hydrosilylation, oxidative-carbonylation reactions, and so on. However, even though these polymers possess a multifunctional character, they face multiple synthetic issues in controlling the pore size, increasing the surface area, and creating a single type of active site. This review summarizes the developments in this field over the last few decades, highlighting the current limitation and future scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.
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27
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Ouyang Z, Tranca D, Zhao Y, Chen Z, Fu X, Zhu J, Zhai G, Ke C, Kymakis E, Zhuang X. Quinone-Enriched Conjugated Microporous Polymer as an Organic Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9064-9073. [PMID: 33583175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Among various organic cathode materials, C═O group-enriched structures have attracted wide attention worldwide. However, small organic molecules have long suffered from dissolving in electrolytes during charge-discharge cycles. π-Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) become one solution to address this issue. However, the synthesis strategy for CMPs with rich C═O groups and stable backbones remains a challenge. In this study, a novel CMP enriched with C═O units was synthesized through a highly efficient Diels-Alder reaction. The as-prepared CMP exhibited a fused carbon backbone and a semiconductive characteristic with a band gap of 1.4 eV. When used as an organic electrode material in LIBs, the insoluble and robust fused structure caused such CMPs to exhibit remarkable cycling stability (a 96.1% capacity retention at 0.2 A g-1 after 200 cycles and a 94.8% capacity retention at 1 A g-1 after 1500 cycles), superior lithium-ion diffusion coefficient (5.30 × 10-11 cm2 s-1), and excellent rate capability (95.8 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1). This study provided a novel synthetic method for fabricating quinone-enriched fused CMPs, which can be used as LIB cathode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Ouyang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Diana Tranca
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yazhen Zhao
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhenying Chen
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaobin Fu
- Department of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guangqun Zhai
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Changchun Ke
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The Meso-Entropy Matter Lab, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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28
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Cabrera‐Trujillo JJ, Fernández I. Understanding the C−F Bond Activation Mediated by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Crucial Role of Non‐covalent Interactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:3823-3831. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Juan Cabrera‐Trujillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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29
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Mentoor K, Twigge L, Niemantsverdriet JWH, Swarts JC, Erasmus E. Silica Nanopowder Supported Frustrated Lewis Pairs for CO 2 Capture and Conversion to Formic Acid. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:55-69. [PMID: 33351611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hydroxylated silica nanopowders S1 and allyl-functionalized silica nanopowders S2 with 3-(diphenylborano)- or 3-bis(pentafluorophenylborano)propyltrimethoxysilane or 2-(diphenylphosphino)- or 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethyltriethoxysilane generates silica nanopowder supported Lewis acids S3 and silica nanopowder supported Lewis bases S4. These surfaces were characterized by 13C, 11B, and 31P cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP MAS NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR). When S3 is combined with solution-phase Lewis bases PR3 (R = C6F5, C6H5, mesityl), six associated silica nanopowder supported frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are formed. In another set of six reactions, the interactions between the supported Lewis bases S4 and solution-phase Lewis acids BR3 with R = C6F5, C6H5, mesityl produced six more associated supported FLPs. The capture of CO2 by these FLPs producing FLP-CO2 Lewis pair adducts S5 and S6 were highlighted by ATR FTIR, and it was found that FLP S5e with R = C6H5 on both the supported Lewis acid and solution-phase Lewis base trapped the largest quantities of CO2 on the silica nanopowder supports. Conversion of CO2 to HCOOH was achieved by first activating H2 to generate activated FLP-H2 surfaces S7 and S9. Addition of CO2 then generated HCOOH via the silica nanopowder supported FLP-HCOOH adducts S8 and S10. Qualitative identification of HCOOH generation was achieved by ATR FTIR measurements, and surface 10b with R = C6H5 proved to be the most successful silica nanopowder surface bound FLP in HCOOH generation. In some cases, diborano formates (-BO(CH)OB-) S11 and S12 were also identified as side products during HCOOH formation. Spectroscopic characterization of purposefully synthesized S11 and S12 included 11B and 31P CP MAS NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgauhelo Mentoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Linette Twigge
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Jannie C Swarts
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Erasmus
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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30
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Yolsal U, Horton TA, Wang M, Shaver MP. Polymer-supported Lewis acids and bases: Synthesis and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Lin H, Patel S, Jäkle F. Tailored Triarylborane Polymers as Supported Catalysts and Luminescent Materials. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huina Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University–Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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32
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Can a decrease in anti-aromaticity increase the dihydrogen activation ability of a frustrated phosphorous/borane Lewis pair?: a DFT study. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Meng Q, Huang Y, Deng D, Yang Y, Sha H, Zou X, Faller R, Yuan Y, Zhu G. Porous Aromatic Framework Nanosheets Anchored with Lewis Pairs for Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000067. [PMID: 33240750 PMCID: PMC7675047 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lewis pairs (LPs) with outstanding performance for nonmetal-mediated catalysis reactions have high fundamental interest and remarkable application prospects. However, their solubility characteristics lead to instability and deactivation upon recycling. Here, the layered porous aromatic framework (PAF-6), featuring two kinds of Lewis base sites (NPiperazine and NTriazine), is exfoliated into few-layer nanosheets to form the LP entity with the Lewis acid. After comparison with various porous networks and verification by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the NTriazine atom in the specific spatial environment is determined to preferably coordinate with the electron-deficient boron compound in a sterically hindered pattern. LP-bare porous product displays high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of both olefin and imine compounds, and demonstrates ≈100% activity after 10 successful cycles in hydrogenation reactions. Considering the natural advantage of porous organic frameworks to construct LP groups opens up novel prospects for preparing other nonmetallic heterogeneous catalysts for efficient and recyclable catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Yihan Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Dan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Yajie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Haoyan Sha
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Xiaoqin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
| | - Guangshan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityRenmin AvenueChangchun130024China
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34
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Vidal F, McQuade J, Lalancette R, Jäkle F. ROMP-Boranes as Moisture-Tolerant and Recyclable Lewis Acid Organocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14427-14431. [PMID: 32787237 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although widely used in catalysis, the multistep syntheses and high loadings typically employed are limiting broader implementation of highly active tailor-made arylborane Lewis acids and Lewis pairs. Attempts at developing recyclable systems have thus far met with limited success, as general and versatile platforms are yet to be developed. We demonstrate a novel approach that is based on the excellent control and functional group tolerance of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The ROMP of highly Lewis acidic borane-functionalized phenylnorbornenes afforded both a soluble linear copolymer and a cross-linked organogel. The polymers proved highly efficient as recyclable catalysts in the reductive N-alkylation of arylamines under mild conditions and at exceptionally low catalyst loadings. The modular design presented herein can be readily adapted to other finely tuned triarylboranes, enabling wide applications of ROMP-borane polymers as well-defined supported organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - James McQuade
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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35
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Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y. Rapid and Scalable Access to Sequence‐Controlled DHDM Multiblock Copolymers by FLP Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
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36
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Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y. Rapid and Scalable Access to Sequence-Controlled DHDM Multiblock Copolymers by FLP Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11613-11619. [PMID: 32237265 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An immortal N-(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-imine/diisobutyl (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxy) aluminum (P(NIi Pr)Ph2 /(BHT)Ali Bu2 )-based frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) polymerization strategy is presented for rapid and scalable synthesis of the sequence-controlled multiblock copolymers at room temperature. Without addition of extra initiator or catalyst and complex synthetic procedure, this method enabled a tripentacontablock copolymer (n=53, k=4, dpn =50) to be achieved with the highest reported block number (n=53) and molecular weight (Mn =310 kg mol-1 ) within 30 min. More importantly, this FLP polymerization strategy provided access to the multiblock copolymers with tailored properties by precisely adjusting the monomer sequence and block numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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37
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Ghara M, Giri S, Chattaraj PK. Cycloaddition Reactions between H2C = CHR (R = H, CN, CH3) and a Cyclic P/B Frustrated Lewis Pair: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4455-4462. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Ghara
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Santanab Giri
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia 721657, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Theoretical Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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38
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Zhang D, Li Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang R, Zhou J, Wei Z, Zhang C, Zhou H, Zhang Y. Control of Nanomorphology in Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells by Lewis Acid Doping with Enhanced Photovoltaic Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:667-677. [PMID: 31838840 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Generating desired efficiency enhancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) by charge-transfer doping requires to obtain modified optoelectronic properties while retaining the favorable nanomorphology. We report a thermally assisted doping based on Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)-borane (BCF) as a p-dopant for two groups of OSCs comprising the PBDB-TF and PBDB-T donors and a nonfullerene acceptor IT-4F. We found that the face-on molecular packing in the PBDB-TF:IT-4F blend or neat PBDB-TF donor films is favorably modified with the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) in the donor, which is in contrast to the hampered π-π stacking in the doped PBDB-T film. The different impacts of BCF dopants on the morphology lead to contrasting photovoltaic behaviors where the PBDB-TF-based devices receive enhanced power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in the presence of BCF, while reduction of efficiencies is observed in the PBDB-T device. In the best doping conditions with the proposed hot-film deposition, we achieve a boosted PCE of 14.1% in PBDB-TF:IT-4F solar cells at low BCF concentrations. Based on the same fluorinated donor, the described BCF doping also applies to NF-solar cells based on the NF-acceptor Y6, leading to an increase in the PCE to 16.0%. Our results suggest that controlling the degree of FLP formation in the donor component with the addition of BCF is key to obtaining desired improvements on nanomorphology and relevant photophysical properties in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Physics , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierachical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jianqiu Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierachical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Jiyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierachical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- School of Physics , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierachical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering , Beihang University , Beijing 100191 , P. R. China
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39
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Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y. Lewis pairs polymerization of polar vinyl monomers. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1830-1840. [PMID: 36659579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The globally increasing demands for polymer materials stimulate the significantly intense attention focused on the Lewis pair polymerization (LPP) of various polar vinyl monomers catalyzed by Lewis pairs (LPs) composed of Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB). According to the degree of interaction between LA and LB, LPs could be divided into classical Lewis adduct (CLA), interacting Lewis pair (ILP) and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). Regulation of the Lewis basicity, Lewis acidity, and steric effects of these LPs has a significant impact on the polymer chain initiation, propagation and termination as well as chain transfer reaction during polymerization. Compared with other polymerization strategies, LPP has shown several unique advantages towards the polymerization of polar vinyl monomers such as high activity, control or livingness, mild conditions, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity. We will comprehensively review the recent advances achieved in the LPP of polar vinyl monomers according to the classification of the employed LPs based on different LAs, by highlighting the key polymerization results, polymerization mechanisms as well as the currently unmet challenges and the future research directions of LPP chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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40
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Wang L, Yan T, Song R, Sun W, Dong Y, Guo J, Zhang Z, Wang X, Ozin GA. Room‐Temperature Activation of H
2
by a Surface Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9501-9505. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Tingjiang Yan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shanxi 710049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Yuchan Dong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Jiuli Guo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
- Department of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Zizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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41
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Ríos-Gutiérrez M, Domingo LR, Rojas RS, Toro-Labbé A, Pérez P. A molecular electron density theory study of the insertion of CO into frustrated Lewis pair boron-amidines: a [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9214-9224. [PMID: 31157816 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01489f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of CO into hydrogenated boron-amidine 1 yielding five-membered diazaborolone (5DAB) 3 has been studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the DFT ωB97X-D/6-311G(d,p) level. This is a domino process comprised of two consecutive reactions: (i) the dehydrogenation of 1 yielding the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) boron-amidine 4, which quickly equilibrates with four-membered diazaborolone (4DAB) 2; and (ii) the addition of CO into FLP 4, yielding the final 5DAB 3. Analysis of the Gibbs free energies indicates that the extrusion of H2 demands a high ΔG≠ of 28.6 kcal·mol-1, being endergonic by 6.7 kcal·mol-1. The subsequent addition of CO into FLP 4 presents a low ΔG≠ of 15.0 kcal·mol-1; formation of 5DAB 3 being exergonic by -5.7 kcal·mol-1 from hydrogenated boron-amidine 1. An analysis of the bonding changes along the insertion of CO in a smaller FLP model indicates that this reaction can be considered a [4 + 1] cycloaddition reaction taking place via a five-membered pseudocyclic transition state associated with a two-stage one-step mechanism. Analysis of the conceptual DFT reactivity indices suggests that the initial attack of CO on FLP 4 is an acid/base process in which the carbenoid carbonyl character allows CO to participate as a Lewis base, rather than a nucleophilic/electrophilic interaction. The results arising from the analysis of the Parr functions, however, coincide with this behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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42
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Wang L, Yan T, Song R, Sun W, Dong Y, Guo J, Zhang Z, Wang X, Ozin GA. Room‐Temperature Activation of H
2
by a Surface Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Tingjiang Yan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu Shandong 273165 P. R. China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shanxi 710049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Yuchan Dong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Jiuli Guo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
- Department of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Zizhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Xuxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and EnvironmentCollege of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 P. R. China
| | - Geoffrey A. Ozin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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43
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Huang ZQ, Zhang T, Chang CR, Li J. Dynamic Frustrated Lewis Pairs on Ceria for Direct Nonoxidative Coupling of Methane. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Qing Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Chun-Ran Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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44
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45
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Hydrogen activation enabled by the interfacial frustrated Lewis pairs on cobalt borate nanosheets. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Shyshkanov S, Nguyen TN, Ebrahim FM, Stylianou KC, Dyson PJ. In Situ Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in a Water-Tolerant Metal-Organic Framework for the Transformation of CO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5371-5375. [PMID: 30758885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) consist of sterically hindered Lewis acids and Lewis bases, which provide high catalytic activity towards non-metal-mediated activation of "inert" small molecules, including CO2 among others. One critical issue of homogeneous FLPs, however, is their instability upon recycling, leading to catalytic deactivation. Herein, we provide a solution to this issue by incorporating a bulky Lewis acid-functionalized ligand into a water-tolerant metal-organic framework (MOF), named SION-105, and employing Lewis basic diamine substrates for the in situ formation of FLPs within the MOF. Using CO2 as a C1-feedstock, this combination allows for the efficient transformation of a variety of diamine substrates into benzimidazoles. SION-105 can be easily recycled by washing with MeOH and reused multiple times without losing its identity and catalytic activity, highlighting the advantage of the MOF approach in FLP chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Shyshkanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland.,Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu N Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Fatmah Mish Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos C Stylianou
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais), Rue de l'Industrie 17, 1951, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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47
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Shyshkanov S, Nguyen TN, Ebrahim FM, Stylianou KC, Dyson PJ. In Situ Formation of Frustrated Lewis Pairs in a Water‐Tolerant Metal‐Organic Framework for the Transformation of CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Shyshkanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Tu N. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Fatmah Mish Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Kyriakos C. Stylianou
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO)Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL Valais) Rue de l'Industrie 17 1951 Sion Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC)Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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48
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Functional Polymeric Materials Based on Main‐Group Elements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5846-5870. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Vidal F, Jäkle F. Funktionelle polymere Materialien auf der Basis von Hauptgruppen‐Elementen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vidal
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University—Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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Bouchard N, Fontaine FG. Alkylammoniotrifluoroborate functionalized polystyrenes: polymeric pre-catalysts for the metal-free borylation of heteroarenes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4846-4856. [PMID: 30869102 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00484j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three polymeric versions of ansa-N,N-dialkylammoniumtrifluoroborate ambiphilic molecules based on the styrene motif (poly(1-NMe2H+-2-BF3--4-styrene) (P-Me), poly(1-NEt2H+-2-BF3--4-styrene) (P-Et) and poly(1-piperidinyl-H+-2-BF3--4-styrene) (P-Pip)) were synthesized, characterized and tested as heterogeneous pre-catalysts for the borylation of electron-rich heteroarenes. These heterogeneous versions of previously reported pre-catalysts show similar reactivity patterns and represent the first examples of solid-supported FLP metal-free catalysts for the C-H borylation of heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bouchard
- Département de Chimie, Centre de de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, CanadaG1V 0A6. frederic.fontaine.@chm.ulaval.ca
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