1
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Wang S, Wu Z, Li J, Zhu Y, Zheng S, Jiang C, Lu H. Electrochemical decarboxylative alkylation of β-ketoacids with phenol derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1329-1332. [PMID: 38197300 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05489f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical method for the decarboxylative alkylation of β-ketoacids with phenol derivatives has been developed. The protocol was carried out in readily available unseparated cells at room temperature in the absence of catalysts and oxidants. The corresponding aryl ketones were obtained in satisfactory yields without additional electrolytes, and were easy to produce in gram-scale synthesis. Based on control experiments and cyclic voltammetry, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Zhaotian Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Junqiang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Yujun Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Shaojun Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Chunhui Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
| | - Hongfei Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
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2
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Tamuli K, Narzary B, Saikia S, Bordoloi M. Efficient Ru-Catalyzed Electrochemical Homo- and Heterocoupling Reaction of Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis, In Vitro Anticancer Activity, and Docking Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32635-32642. [PMID: 37720739 PMCID: PMC10500576 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
With the objective to identify novel anticancer leads, herein ruthenium-catalyzed electrochemical homo- and heterocoupling reactions of terminal alkynes have been developed for the synthesis of the desired products. Among the synthesized 1,3-diynes, some of them were rigorously examined for possible in vitro anticancer activity against HeLa (human cervical cancer) and L6 normal (rat skeletal muscle) cell lines. Additionally, the docking study was also performed toward 16 ovarian cancer targets with binding affinity calculations with respect to the standard. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific report on the ruthenium-catalyzed electrochemical homocoupling reaction between terminal alkynes with its in vitro anticancer and in silico docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap
J. Tamuli
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bardwi Narzary
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Surovi Saikia
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Manobjyoti Bordoloi
- Chemical
Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North
East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
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3
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Jia X, Tian X, Zhuang D, Wan Z, Gu J, Li Z. Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cross-dehydrogenative C-N Coupling at Room Temperature via Remote Activating Group Enabled Radical Relay Strategy. Org Lett 2023; 25:2012-2017. [PMID: 36944029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Employing N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as a nitrogen-centered radical (NCR) precursor, an intermolecular C(sp2)-N coupling on heteroarenes or substituted benzenes with remote activated aniline derivatives via copper catalyzed N-N radical relay strategy at room temperature is developed. Good to excellent yields are acquired, and no ligand or additive is required. Reaction scope investigation and preliminary mechanistic studies demonstrate that the remote activating strategy and delicate control on the reactivities of active NCR species are essential to guarantee satisfactory chemo- and site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangmin Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dailin Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhenyang Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiahao Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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4
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Li Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Alhumade H, Huang Z, Lei A. Electrochemical radical-mediated selective C(sp 3)-S bond activation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:372-378. [PMID: 36687345 PMCID: PMC9811493 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective C(sp3)-S bond breaking and transformation remains a particularly important, yet challenging goal in synthetic chemistry. Over the past few decades, transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions through the cleavage of C(sp3)-S bonds provided a powerful platform for the construction of target molecules. In contrast, the selective activation of widespread C(sp3)-S bonds is rarely studied and remains underdeveloped, even under relatively harsh conditions. Herein, a radical-mediated electrochemical strategy capable of selectively activating C(sp3)-S bonds is disclosed, offering an unprecedented method for the synthesis of valuable disulfides from widespread thioethers. Importantly, compared with conventional transition-metal catalyzed C-S bond breaking protocols, this method features mild, catalyst- and oxidant-free reaction conditions, as well excellent chemoselectivity towards C(sp3)-S bonds. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that sulfur radical species are involved in the reaction pathway and play an essential role in controlling the site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China
| | - Huamin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China
| | - Zhuning Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China
| | - Hesham Alhumade
- Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia,K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhiliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China,Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia
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5
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Matsuoka J, Fujimoto Y, Miyawaki A, Yamamoto Y. Phosphazene Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamidation of Alkenes with Amides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9447-9451. [PMID: 36534049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the synthesis of cyclic amides via phosphazene base-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamidation of amide alkenes was developed. The reaction using a catalytic amount of P4-base had a good functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope and could also be used to synthesize lactam, cyclic urea, and oxazolidinone compounds. This catalytic system was expanded to a one-pot intramolecular hydroamidation and intermolecular hydroalkylation. Deuterium labeling and radical trapping experiments provided mechanistic insights into the catalytic cycle of the hydroamidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Matsuoka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yumika Fujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
| | - Akari Miyawaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe 610-0395, Japan
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6
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Weng Y, Xu X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhuo X. Tandem Electrochemical Oxidative Azidation/Heterocyclization of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides under Buffer Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206308. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Hantao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Zhuo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou P.R. China
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7
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Sun K, Xu Z, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Electrochemical deoxygenative reduction of ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11155-11158. [PMID: 36106949 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction via paired electrolysis has been used to achieve deoxygenative reduction of ketones. As a result of the complexing of ketones with the triphenylphosphine radical cation generated by anodic oxidation, the reduction of carbonyl groups occurs readily. Through spontaneous β-scission of phosphoranyl radicals, C-O bonds are cleaved to form benzylic radical intermediates. These radical species are either able to abstract hydrogen from MeCN or undergo reduction at the cathode to give carbanions, upon workup forming reductive hydrogenation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhui Sun
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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8
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Kumar Dabaria K, Bai R, Singh Badsara S. Electricity Promoted Chemoselective Functionalization of Alkenes: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Oxindole Containing Thioethers and Selenoethers. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar Dabaria
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Rajasthan JLN Marg, Jaipur Rajasthan India 302004
| | - Rekha Bai
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Rajasthan JLN Marg, Jaipur Rajasthan India 302004
| | - Satpal Singh Badsara
- MFOS Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of Rajasthan JLN Marg, Jaipur Rajasthan India 302004
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9
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Weng Y, Xu X, Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhuo X. Tandem Electrochemical Oxidative Azidation/Heterocyclization of Tryptophan‐Containing Peptides under Buffer Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Science Chaowang road 18 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Hantao Chen
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Yiyang Zhang
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
| | - Xianfeng Zhuo
- Zhejiang University of Technology College of Pharmaceutical Sciences CHINA
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10
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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11
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Acceptorless dehydrogenative amination of alkenes for the synthesis of N-heterocycles. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Prusinowski AF, Sise HC, Bednar TN, Nagib DA. Radical Aza-Heck Cyclization of Imidates via Energy Transfer, Electron Transfer, and Cobalt Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4327-4332. [PMID: 35479099 PMCID: PMC9038135 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A radical aza-Heck cyclization has been developed to afford functionally rich products with four contiguous C-heteroatom bonds. This multi-catalytic strategy provides rapid syntheses of dense, medicinally relevant motifs by enabling the conversion of alcohol-derived imidates to heteroatom-rich fragments containing vinyl oxazolines/oxazoles, allyl amines, β-amino alcohols/halides, and combinations thereof. Mechanistic insights of this process show how three distinct photocatalytic cycles cooperate to enable: (1) imidate radical generation by energy transfer, (2) dehydrogenation by Co catalysis, and (3) catalyst turnover by electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen F. Prusinowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Henry C. Sise
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Taylor N. Bednar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A. Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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13
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Zaera F. Designing Sites in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Are We Reaching Selectivities Competitive With Those of Homogeneous Catalysts? Chem Rev 2022; 122:8594-8757. [PMID: 35240777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of different prominent nanotechnologies adapted to catalysis is provided, with focus on how they contribute to the improvement of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis. Ways to modify catalytic sites range from the use of the reversible or irreversible adsorption of molecular modifiers to the immobilization or tethering of homogeneous catalysts and the development of well-defined catalytic sites on solid surfaces. The latter covers methods for the dispersion of single-atom sites within solid supports as well as the use of complex nanostructures, and it includes the post-modification of materials via processes such as silylation and atomic layer deposition. All these methodologies exhibit both advantages and limitations, but all offer new avenues for the design of catalysts for specific applications. Because of the high cost of most nanotechnologies and the fact that the resulting materials may exhibit limited thermal or chemical stability, they may be best aimed at improving the selective synthesis of high value-added chemicals, to be incorporated in organic synthesis schemes, but other applications are being explored as well to address problems in energy production, for instance, and to design greener chemical processes. The details of each of these approaches are discussed, and representative examples are provided. We conclude with some general remarks on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zaera
- Department of Chemistry and UCR Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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14
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Mou XQ, Ren LC, Zhang M, Wang M, Jin YF, Guan QX, Cai A, Zhang SM, Ren H, Zhang Y, Chen YZ. Complementary Copper-Catalyzed and Electrochemical Aminosulfonylation of O-Homoallyl Benzimidates and N-Alkenyl Amidines with Sodium Sulfinates. Org Lett 2022; 24:1405-1411. [PMID: 35138858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A complementary copper-catalyzed and electrochemical aminosulfonylation of O-homoallyl benzimidates and N-alkenyl amidines with sodium sulfinates was developed. The terminal alkene substrate produced sulfone-containing 1,3-oxazines and tetrahydropyrimidines in the presence of Cu(OAc)2, Ag2CO3, and DPP, and under similar reaction conditions, sulfonylated tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepines were prepared from 1-aryl-substituted O-homoallyl benzimidates in moderate to good yields. For certain electron-rich 1,1-diaryl-substituted alkene substrates, the corresponding tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepines could also be obtained in similar or even higher yields via a green electrochemical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Mou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Chen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Ang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
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15
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Murray PD, Cox JH, Chiappini ND, Roos CB, McLoughlin EA, Hejna BG, Nguyen ST, Ripberger HH, Ganley JM, Tsui E, Shin NY, Koronkiewicz B, Qiu G, Knowles RR. Photochemical and Electrochemical Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2017-2291. [PMID: 34813277 PMCID: PMC8796287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present here a review of the photochemical and electrochemical applications of multi-site proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) in organic synthesis. MS-PCETs are redox mechanisms in which both an electron and a proton are exchanged together, often in a concerted elementary step. As such, MS-PCET can function as a non-classical mechanism for homolytic bond activation, providing opportunities to generate synthetically useful free radical intermediates directly from a wide variety of common organic functional groups. We present an introduction to MS-PCET and a practitioner's guide to reaction design, with an emphasis on the unique energetic and selectivity features that are characteristic of this reaction class. We then present chapters on oxidative N-H, O-H, S-H, and C-H bond homolysis methods, for the generation of the corresponding neutral radical species. Then, chapters for reductive PCET activations involving carbonyl, imine, other X═Y π-systems, and heteroarenes, where neutral ketyl, α-amino, and heteroarene-derived radicals can be generated. Finally, we present chapters on the applications of MS-PCET in asymmetric catalysis and in materials and device applications. Within each chapter, we subdivide by the functional group undergoing homolysis, and thereafter by the type of transformation being promoted. Methods published prior to the end of December 2020 are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
R. D. Murray
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - James H. Cox
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nicholas D. Chiappini
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Casey B. Roos
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | | | - Benjamin G. Hejna
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Suong T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H. Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jacob M. Ganley
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Elaine Tsui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nick Y. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Brian Koronkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Guanqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert R. Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton
University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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16
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Zhou N, Yu J, LiyuanHou, Wu X, Ruan Z, Feng P. Electro‐Oxidative Coupling of Azoles with 2‐ and 3‐Haloindoles/Thiophenes Providing Access to 2/3‐Halo(Azol‐1‐Yl)Indoles/Thiophenes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naifu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - LiyuanHou
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease School of Pharmaceutical Science & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 511436 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 People's Republic of China
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17
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Transition metal-free cross-coupling reactions with the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Kang JC, Li ZH, Chen C, Dong LK, Zhang SY. Paired Electrolysis Enabled Ni-Catalyzed Unconventional Cascade Reductive Thiolation Using Sulfinates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15326-15334. [PMID: 34633802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have reported a nickel-catalyzed cascade reductive thiolation of aryl halides with sulfinates driven by paired electrolysis. This protocol uses sulfinates as the sulfur source, and various thioethers could be synthesized under mild conditions. By mechanism exploration, we find that a cascade chemical step is allowed on the electrode interface and could alter the reaction pathway in paired electrolysis, whose findings could help the discovery of novel cascade reactions with unique reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Chen Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education & Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education & Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education & Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Li-Kun Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education & Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication of Ministry of Education & Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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19
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Yang D, Chen J, Huang Y, Pan H, Shi J, Zhang Y, Wang F, Li Z. Room-temperature Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclization through Synergistic Copper/TEMPO-catalyzed Radical Relay. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
- Engineering Experimental Teaching Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huiquan Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingqi Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yingyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ziyuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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20
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Cai CY, Wu ZJ, Liu JY, Chen M, Song J, Xu HC. Tailored cobalt-salen complexes enable electrocatalytic intramolecular allylic C-H functionalizations. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3745. [PMID: 34145285 PMCID: PMC8213807 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative allylic C–H functionalization is a powerful tool to streamline organic synthesis as it minimizes the need for functional group activation and generates alkenyl-substituted products amenable to further chemical modifications. The intramolecular variants can be used to construct functionalized ring structures but remain limited in scope and by their frequent requirement for noble metal catalysts and stoichiometric chemical oxidants. Here we report an oxidant-free, electrocatalytic approach to achieve intramolecular oxidative allylic C–H amination and alkylation by employing tailored cobalt-salen complexes as catalysts. These reactions proceed through a radical mechanism and display broad tolerance of functional groups and alkene substitution patterns, allowing efficient coupling of di-, tri- and even tetrasubstituted alkenes with N- and C-nucleophiles to furnish high-value heterocyclic and carbocyclic structures. Oxidative allylic C–H functionalizations minimise the need for functional group activation and generate alkenyl-substituted products amenable to further chemical modifications. Here the authors report an oxidant-free, electrocatalytic approach to achieve intramolecular oxidative allylic C–H amination and alkylation by employing tailored cobalt-salen complexes as catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng-Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ji-Ying Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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21
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Chicas-Baños DF, Frontana-Uribe BA. Electrochemical Generation and Use in Organic Synthesis of C-, O-, and N-Centered Radicals. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2538-2573. [PMID: 34047059 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade several research groups have been developing electrochemical procedures to access highly functionalized organic molecules. Among the most exciting advances, the possibility of using free radical chemistry has attracted the attention of the most important synthetic groups. Nowadays, electrochemical strategies based on these species with a synthetic purpose are published continuously in scientific journals, increasing the alternatives for the synthetic organic chemistry laboratories. Free radicals can be obtained in organic electrochemical reactions; thus, this review reassembles the last decade's (2010-2020) efforts of the electrosynthetic community to generate and take advantage of the C-, O-, and N-centered radicals' reactivity. The electrochemical reactions that occur, as well as the proposed mechanism, are discussed, trying to give clear information about the used conditions and reactivity of these reactive intermediate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Francisco Chicas-Baños
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Bernardo A Frontana-Uribe
- Centro Conjunto Química Sustentable UAEMéx-UNAM, Km 14.5 Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca, Toluca, 50200, Estado de México, Mexico.,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Química, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
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22
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Huang C, Li Z, Song J, Xu H. Catalyst‐ and Reagent‐Free Formal Aza‐Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous‐Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Zhao‐Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
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23
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Weng Y, Chen H, Li N, Yang L, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative Metal‐Free Cyclization of 4‐Arylaminocoumarins with DMF as C1‐Source. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Hantao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhui Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology 310014 Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yang
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August-Universitaet Gottingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Goettingen Germany
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24
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Huang C, Li ZY, Song J, Xu HC. Catalyst- and Reagent-Free Formal Aza-Wacker Cyclizations Enabled by Continuous-Flow Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11237-11241. [PMID: 33666312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient and sustainable methods to access saturated N-heterocycles is of great importance because of the prevalence of these structures in natural products and bioactive compounds. Pd-catalyzed aza-Wacker type cyclization is a powerful method and provides access to N-heterocycles bearing an alkene moiety available for further synthetic manipulations from readily available materials. Herein we disclose a catalyst- and reagent-free formal aza-Wacker type cyclization reaction for the synthesis of functionalized saturated N-heterocycles. Key to the success is to conduct the reactions in a continuous-flow electrochemical reactor without adding supporting electrolyte or additives. The reactions are characterized by broad tolerance of di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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25
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Sinyashin OG. Advances in the synthesis of heterocycles bearing an endocyclic urea moiety. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Chen N, Xu HC. Electrochemically Driven Radical Reactions: From Direct Electrolysis to Molecular Catalysis. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2306-2319. [PMID: 33734572 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organic radicals are versatile synthetic intermediates that provide reactivities and selectivities complementary to ionic species. Despite its long history, electrochemically driven radical reactions remain limited in scope. In the past few years, there have been dramatic increase in research activity in organic electrochemistry. We have been developing electrochemical and electrophotocatalytic methods for the generation and synthetic utilization of organic radicals. In our studies, various radical species such as alkene and arene radical cations and carbon- and heteroatom-centered radicals are generated from readily available precursors through direct electrolysis, molecular electrocatalysis or molecular electrophotocatalysis. These radical species undergo various inter- and intramolecular oxidative transformations to rapidly increase molecular complexity. The simultaneous occurrence of anodic oxidation and cathodic proton reduction allows the oxidative reactions to proceed through H2 evolution without external chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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27
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Chen N, Xu HC. Electrochemical generation of nitrogen-centered radicals for organic synthesis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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28
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Wang H, He M, Li Y, Zhang H, Yang D, Nagasaka M, Lv Z, Guan Z, Cao Y, Gong F, Zhou Z, Zhu J, Samanta S, Chowdhury AD, Lei A. Electrochemical Oxidation Enables Regioselective and Scalable α-C(sp3)-H Acyloxylation of Sulfides. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3628-3637. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongli Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dali Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Masanari Nagasaka
- Institute for Molecular Science and SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Zongchao Lv
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yangmin Cao
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengping Gong
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhilin Zhou
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Zhu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
| | - Supravat Samanta
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi People’s Republic of China
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29
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Wei BY, Xie DT, Lai SQ, Jiang Y, Fu H, Wei D, Han B. Electrochemically Tuned Oxidative [4+2] Annulation and Dioxygenation of Olefins with Hydroxamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3182-3188. [PMID: 33058402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work represents the first [4+2] annulation of hydroxamic acids with olefins for the synthesis of benzo[c][1,2]oxazines scaffold via anode-selective electrochemical oxidation. This protocol features mild conditions, is oxidant free, shows high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, broad substrate scope of both alkenes and hydroxamic acids, and is compatible with terpenes, peptides, and steroids. Significantly, the dioxygenation of olefins employing hydroxamic acid is also successfully achieved by switching the anode material under the same reaction conditions. The study not only reveals a new reactivity of hydroxamic acids and its first application in electrosynthesis but also provides a successful example of anode material-tuned product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Tai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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30
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Shi TT, Wang SZ, Yang Z, Wang Y, Liu C, He W, Fang Z, Guo K. Enzymatic electrochemical continuous flow cascade synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An industrially practical method for the synthesis of substituted benzimidazoles was developed from an enzymatic electrochemical cascade method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Shi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Shu-Zhan Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- School of Engineering
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Yilin Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
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31
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Meng Z, Feng C, Xu K. Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Formation of Carbon-Nitrogen Bonds. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Zhang H, Sun MC, Yin LM, Wei D, Song MP, Yang D, Niu JL. Direct intramolecular C(sp 3)–H bond sulfonamidation to synthesize benzosultam derivatives under metal-free conditions. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intramolecular C(sp3)–H bond amination under metal-free conditions has been developed to provide a straightforward method for the synthesis of 5-membered cyclic sulfonamides (benzosultams).
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Chan Sun
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ming Yin
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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33
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Zhou Z, Kong X, Liu T. Applications of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Organic Synthesis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Chen N, Ye Z, Zhang F. Recent progress on electrochemical synthesis involving carboxylic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5501-5520. [PMID: 34079974 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00420d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are not only essential sections of medicinal molecules, natural products and agrochemicals but also basic building blocks for organic synthesis. However, high temperature, expensive catalysts and excess oxidants are normally required for carboxylic acid group transformations. Therefore, more eco-friendly and efficient methods are urgently needed. Organic electrochemistry, as an environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic method, can potentially avoid the above problems and is favored by more and more organic chemists. This review summarized the recent progress on the electrochemical synthesis of carboxylic acids to construct more complex compounds, emphasizing the development of electrosynthesis methodologies and mechanisms in order to attract more chemists to recognize the importance and applications of electrochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Zenghui Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
| | - Fengzhi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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35
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Hong SY, Kim D, Chang S. Catalytic access to carbocation intermediates via nitrenoid transfer leading to allylic lactams. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-00558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Abstract
The merger of transition metal catalysis and electroorganic synthesis has recently emerged as a versatile platform for the development of highly enabling radical reactions in a sustainable fashion. Electrochemistry provides access to highly reactive radical species under extremely mild reaction conditions from abundant native functionalities. Transition metal catalysts can be used as redox-active electrocatalysts to shuttle electrons, chiral information to organic substrates, and the reactive intermediates in the electrolytic systems. The combination of these strategies in this mechanistic paradigm thus makes the generation and utilization of radical species in a chemoselective manner and allows further application to more synthetically attractive enantioselective radical transformations. This perspective discusses key advances over the past few years in the field of electrochemical transition metal catalysis and demonstrates how the unique features of this strategy permit challenging or previously elusive transformations via radical pathways to be successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yukang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Terry McCallum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Niankai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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37
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Wei B, Xie D, Lai S, Jiang Y, Fu H, Wei D, Han B. Electrochemically Tuned Oxidative [4+2] Annulation and Dioxygenation of Olefins with Hydroxamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bang‐Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dong‐Tai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Qiang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Dian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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38
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Yi X, Hu X. Intermolecular oxidative amination of unactivated alkenes by dual photoredox and copper catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1901-1906. [PMID: 34163953 PMCID: PMC8179295 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05952h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative amination of alkenes via amidyl radical addition is potentially an efficient method to generate allylic amines, which are versatile synthetic intermediates to bioactive compounds and organic materials. Here by combining photochemical generation of amidyl radicals with Cu-mediated β-H elimination of alkyl radicals, we have developed an intermolecular oxidative amination of unactivated alkenes. The reaction relies on tandem photoredox and copper catalysis, and works for both terminal and internal alkenes. The radical nature of the reaction and the mild conditions lead to high functional group tolerance. Oxidative amination via amidyl radical addition of unactivated alkenes was realized by dual photoredox and copper catalysis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Yi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Catalysis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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39
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Zhang Y, Lin Z, Ackermann L. Electrochemical C-H Amidation of Heteroarenes with N-Alkyl Sulfonamides in Aqueous Medium. Chemistry 2020; 27:242-246. [PMID: 33085807 PMCID: PMC7898600 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The construction of C-N bonds by free radical reactions represents a powerful synthetic approach for direct C-H amidations of arenes or heteroarenes. Developing efficient and more environmentally friendly synthetic methods for C-H amidation reactions remains highly desirable. Herein, metal-free electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenative C-H amidations of heteroarenes with N-alkylsulfonamides have been accomplished. The catalyst- and chemical-oxidant-free C-H amidation features an ample scope and employs electricity as the green and sole oxidant. A variety of heteroarenes, including indoles, pyrroles, benzofuran and benzothiophene, thereby underwent this C(sp2 )-H nitrogenation. Cyclic voltammetry studies and control experiments provided evidence for nitrogen-centered radicals being directly generated under metal-free electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced, Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Road 688, 321004, Jinhua, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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40
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41
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Bu F, Lu L, Hu X, Wang S, Zhang H, Lei A. Electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation and 1,2-aryl migration towards the synthesis of 1,2-diaryl ethers. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10000-10004. [PMID: 34094264 PMCID: PMC8162141 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylic acid compounds are important chemicals and are widely present in various natural products. They are not only nucleophiles, but also radical precursors. Classic transition-metal-catalyzed and photochemical decarboxylation have shown their excellent site selectivity in radical chemistry. However, electrochemical decarboxylation with a long history hasn't got enough attention in recent years. In this work, the electrochemical oxidative decarboxylation and 1,2-aryl migration of 3,3-diarylpropionic acids have been introduced to construct C–O bonds with alcohols. Remarkably, this transformation can proceed smoothly without metal catalysts and external oxidants. Carboxylic acid compounds are important chemicals and are widely present in various natural products. The conversion of carboxylic acids into valuable compounds is a promising field.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxiang Bu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Lijun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xia Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China .,National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 Jiangxi P. R. China
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42
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Zhao J, Ding L, Wang P, Liu Y, Huang M, Zhou X, Lu M. Electrochemical Nonacidic N‐Nitrosation/N‐Nitration of Secondary Amines through a Biradical Coupling Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji‐Ping Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Lu‐jia Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Peng‐Cheng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Min‐Jun Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Xin‐Li Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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43
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Wang H, Liang K, Xiong W, Samanta S, Li W, Lei A. Electrochemical oxidation-induced etherification via C(sp 3)─H/O─H cross-coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0590. [PMID: 32440542 PMCID: PMC7228760 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Direct electrochemical construction of C─O bonds through C(sp3)─H functionalization still remains fundamentally challenging. Here, electrochemical oxidation-induced benzylic and allylic C(sp3)─H etherification has been developed. This protocol not only offers a practical strategy for the construction of C─O bonds using nonsolvent amounts of alcohols but also allows direct electrochemical benzylic and allylic C(sp3)─H functionalization in the absence of transition metal catalysis. A series of alcohols and benzylic and allylic C(sp3)─H compounds were compatible with this transformation. Mechanistically, the generation of aryl radical cation intermediates is the key to this C(sp3)─H etherification, as evidenced by radical probe substrate (cyclopropane ring opening) and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Kailun Liang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenpeng Xiong
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Supravat Samanta
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wuqin Li
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
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44
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Hou Z, Xu H. Electrochemically Enabled Intramolecular Aminooxygenation of Alkynes
via
Amidyl Radical Cyclization. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong‐Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Hai‐Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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45
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Song C, Liu K, Jiang X, Dong X, Weng Y, Chiang C, Lei A. Electrooxidation Enables Selective Dehydrogenative [4+2] Annulation between Indole Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7193-7197. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yue Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Chien‐Wei Chiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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46
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Song C, Liu K, Jiang X, Dong X, Weng Y, Chiang C, Lei A. Electrooxidation Enables Selective Dehydrogenative [4+2] Annulation between Indole Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xu Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Yue Weng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Chien‐Wei Chiang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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47
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Phillips AMF, Pombeiro AJL. Electrochemical asymmetric synthesis of biologically active substances. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7026-7055. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the literature published in the last ten years on electrochemically driven oxidation and reduction reactions utilized in the asymmetric synthesis of biologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando J. L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisboa
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48
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Bao X, Jiang W, Liang J, Huo C. One-electron oxidative dehydrogenative annulation and cyclization reactions. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00422g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent advances in one-electron oxidation involved oxidative dehydrogenative annulations and cyclizations for the intermolecular and intramolecular construction of valuable ring structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jia Liang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
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49
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Abstract
N-centered radicals are versatile reaction intermediates that can react with various π systems to construct C-N bonds. Current methods for generating N-centered radicals usually involve the cleavage of an N-heteroatom bond; however, similar strategies that are applicable to N-H bonds prove to be more challenging to develop and therefore are attracting increasing attention. In this Account, we summarize our recent efforts in the development of electrochemical methods for the generation and synthetic utilization of N-centered radicals. In our studies, N-aryl amidyl radical, amidinyl radical and iminyl radical cation intermediates are generated from N-H precursors through direct electrolysis or indirect electrolysis assisted by a redox catalyst. In addition, an electrocatalytic method that converts oximes to iminoxyl radicals has also been developed. The electrophilic amidyl radical intermediates can participate in 5-exo or 6-exo cyclization with alkenes and alkynes to afford C-centered radicals, which can then undergo various transformations such as H atom abstraction, single-electron transfer oxidation to a carbocation, cyclization, or aromatic substitution, leading to a diverse range of N-heterocyclic products. Furthermore, amidinyl radicals, iminyl radical cations, and iminoxyl radicals can undergo intramolecular aromatic substitution to afford various N-heteroaromatic compounds. Importantly, the electrochemical reaction can be channeled toward a specific product despite the presence of other competing pathways. For a successful electrosynthesis, it is important to take into consideration of both the electron transfer steps associated with the electrode and the nonelectrode related processes. A unique feature of electrochemistry is the simultaneous occurrence of anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction, which, as this Account demonstrates, allows the dehydrogenative transformations to proceed through H2 evolution without the need for chemical oxidants. In addition, cathodic solvent reduction can continuously generate a low concentration of base, which facilitates anodic substrate oxidation. Such a mechanistic paradigm obviates the need for stoichiometric strong bases and avoids base-promoted decomposition of sensitive substrates or products. Furthermore, electrode materials can also be adjusted to control the reaction outcome, as demonstrated by the synthesis of N-heteroaromatics and the corresponding N-oxides from biaryl ketoximes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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50
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Wang P, Gao X, Huang P, Lei A. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Alkenes with H
2
Evolution. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Gao
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate SynthesisJiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 P. R. China
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