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Gan W, Geng L, Huang B, Hansen K, Luo Z. Dehydrogenation of diborane on small Nb n+ clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9586-9592. [PMID: 38465400 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of Nbn+ (1 ≤ n ≤ 21) clusters with B2H6 is studied by using a self-developed multiple-ion laminar flow tube reactor combined with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (MIFT-TQMS). The Nbn+ clusters were generated by a magnetron sputtering source and reacted with the B2H6 gas under fully thermalized conditions in the downstream flow tube where the reaction time was accurately controlled and adjustable. The complete and partial dehydrogenation products NbnB1-4+ and NbnB1-4H1,2,4+ were detected, indicative of the removal of H2 and likely BHx moieties. Interestingly, these NbnB1-4+ and NbnB1-4H1,2,4+ products are limited to 3 ≤ n ≤ 6, suggesting that the small Nbn+ clusters are relatively more reactive than the larger Nbn>6+ clusters under the same conditions. By varying the B2H6 gas concentrations and the reactant doses introduced into the flow tube, and by changing the reaction time, we performed a detailed analysis of the reaction dynamics in combination with the DFT-calculated thermodynamics. It is demonstrated that the lack of cooperative active sites on the Nb1+ cations accounts for the weakened dehydrogenation efficiency. Nb2+ forms partial dehydrogenation products at a faster rate. In contrast, the Nbn>6+ clusters are subject to more flexible vibrational relaxation which disperse the energy gain of B2H6-adsorption and thus are unable to overcome the energy barriers for subsequent hydrogen atom transfer and H2 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Benben Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Klavs Hansen
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Zhan Q, Kong Y, Wang X, Li L. Photocatalytic non-oxidative conversion of methane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2732-2743. [PMID: 38334463 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00235k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The direct conversion of methane to hydrogen and high-value hydrocarbons under mild conditions is an ideal, carbon-neutral method for utilizing natural gas resources. Compared with traditional high-temperature thermal catalytic methods, using clean light energy to activate inert C-H bonds in methane can not only significantly reduce the reaction temperature and avoid catalyst deactivation, but also surpass the limitations of thermodynamic equilibrium and provide new reaction pathways. This paper provides a comprehensive review of developments in the field of photocatalytic non-oxidative conversion of methane (PNOCM), while also highlighting our contributions, particularly focusing on catalyst design, product selectivity, and the underlying photophysical and chemical mechanisms. The challenges and potential solutions are also evaluated. The goal of this feature article is to establish a foundational understanding and stimulate further research in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Zhan
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Kong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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3
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Cheng D, Alexandrova AN, Sautet P. H-Induced Restructuring on Cu(111) Triggers CO Electroreduction in an Acidic Electrolyte. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1056-1061. [PMID: 38254259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In acidic conditions, the electroreduction of CO or CO2 (noted CO(2)RR) on metal surfaces is conventionally hindered by intense competition with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, we present first-principles calculations of a mechanism wherein the formation of H-induced Cu adatoms on Cu(111) serves as a pivotal trigger for CORR in acidic environments. Through an analysis of the grand canonical surface state population, we elucidate that these newly formed adatoms create an array of active sites essential for both CO adsorption and subsequent reduction. Our ensemble-based kinetic models unveil the role of adatoms, enhancing the HER while simultaneously initiating CORR. Notably, the cumulative activity of the HER and CORR is contingent upon the combination of various surface states, with their individual contributions varying based on the electrode potential and pH. The interplay between surface state dynamics and electrochemical activity sheds new light on the potential-dependent nature of the active site and reaction kinetics governing CORR on Cu(111) in acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Harrath K, Yao Z, Jiang YF, Wang YG, Li J. Activity Origin of the Nickel Cluster on TiC Support for Nonoxidative Methane Conversion. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4033-4041. [PMID: 37093648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Designing an active and selective catalyst for nonoxidative conversion of methane under mild conditions is critical for natural gas utilization as a chemical feedstock. Here, we demonstrate that the origin of the selective nonoxidative conversion of methane by the titanium carbide supported nickel cluster arises from the formation of a nickel carbide site under the reaction conditions, which could stabilize the CHx intermediate to facilitate the C-C coupling, but further coking is rather limited. The reaction mechanism reveals that the C2 products can be formed via a key -CHx-CH3 intermediate. In addition, we demonstrate that boration of the nickel cluster site can improve the methane conversion toward C2 products. That higher activity and selectivity from the moderate rise in d orbital energy levels can therefore be considered as a descriptor of the catalyst effectiveness. These findings provide an understanding of the dynamic behavior of the single nickel cluster toward methane conversion to C2 products and guidance for their future rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Harrath
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ya-Fei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Kumari S, Masubuchi T, White HS, Alexandrova A, Anderson SL, Sautet P. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at Full Atomic Utilization over ITO-Supported Sub-nano-Pt n Clusters: High, Size-Dependent Activity Controlled by Fluxional Pt Hydride Species. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5834-5845. [PMID: 36867416 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A combination of density functional theory (DFT) and experiments with atomically size-selected Ptn clusters deposited on indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes was used to examine the effects of applied potential and Ptn size on the electrocatalytic activity of Ptn (n = 1, 4, 7, and 8) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Activity is found to be negligible for isolated Pt atoms on ITO, increasing rapidly with Ptn size such that Pt7/ITO and Pt8/ITO have roughly double the activity per Pt atom compared to atoms in the surface layer of polycrystalline Pt. Both the DFT and experiment find that hydrogen under-potential deposition (Hupd) results in Ptn/ITO (n = 4, 7, and 8) adsorbing ∼2H atoms/Pt atom at the HER threshold potential, equal to ca. double the Hupd observed for Pt bulk or nanoparticles. The cluster catalysts under electrocatalytic conditions are hence best described as a Pt hydride compound, significantly departing from a metallic Pt cluster. The exception is Pt1/ITO, where H adsorption at the HER threshold potential is energetically unfavorable. The theory combines global optimization with grand canonical approaches for the influence of potential, uncovering the fact that several metastable structures contribute to the HER, changing with the applied potential. It is hence critical to include reactions of the ensemble of energetically accessible PtnHx/ITO structures to correctly predict the activity vs Ptn size and applied potential. For the small clusters, spillover of Hads from the clusters to the ITO support is significant, resulting in a competing channel for loss of Hads, particularly at slow potential scan rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Kumari
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tsugunosuke Masubuchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Henry S White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Anastassia Alexandrova
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
| | - Scott L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90094, United States
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6
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Yang Q, Jiang GD, He SG. Enhancing the Performance of Global Optimization of Platinum Cluster Structures by Transfer Learning in a Deep Neural Network. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:1922-1930. [PMID: 36917066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The global optimization of metal cluster structures is an important research field. The traditional deep neural network (T-DNN) global optimization method is a good way to find out the global minimum (GM) of metal cluster structures, but a large number of samples are required. We developed a new global optimization method which is the combination of the DNN and transfer learning (DNN-TL). The DNN-TL method transfers the DNN parameters of the small-sized cluster to the DNN of the large-sized cluster to greatly reduce the number of samples. For the global optimization of Pt9 and Pt13 clusters in this research, the T-DNN method requires about 3-10 times more samples than the DNN-TL method, and the DNN-TL method saves about 70-80% of time. We also found that the average amplitude of parameter changes in the T-DNN training is about 2 times larger than that in the DNN-TL training, which rationalizes the effectiveness of transfer learning. The average fitting errors of the DNN trained by the DNN-TL method can be even smaller than those by the T-DNN method because of the reliability of transfer learning. Finally, we successfully obtained the GM structures of Ptn (n = 8-14) clusters by the DNN-TL method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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7
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Men Y, Magkoev TT, Behjatmanesh-Ardakani R, Zaalishvili VB, Ashkhotov OG. Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Mo(110) Surface via Its Alloying with Submonolayer to Multilayer Boron Films and Oxidation of the Alloy: A Case of (CO + O 2) to CO 2 Conversion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:651. [PMID: 36839019 PMCID: PMC9965819 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In-situ formation of boron thin films on the Mo(110) surface, as well as the formation of the molybdenum boride and its oxide and the trends of carbon monoxide catalytic oxidation on the substrates formed, have been studied in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) by a set of surface-sensitive characterization techniques: Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AES, XPS), low-energy ion scattering (LEIS), reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and work function measurements using the Anderson method. The boron deposited at Mo(110) via electron-beam deposition at a substrate temperature of 300 K grows as a 2D layer, at least in submonolayer coverage. Such a film is bound to the Mo(110) via polarized chemisorption bonds, dramatically changing the charge density at the substrate surface manifested by the Mo(110) surface plasmon damping. Upon annealing of the B-Mo(110) system, the boron diffuses into the Mo(110) bulk following a two-mode regime: (1) quite easy dissolution, starting at a temperature of about 450 K with an activation energy of 0.4 eV; and (2) formation of molybdenum boride at a temperature higher than 700 K with M-B interatomic bonding energy of 3.8 eV. The feature of the formed molybdenum boride is that there is quite notable carbon monoxide oxidation activity on its surface. A further dramatic increase of such an activity is achieved when the molybdenum boride is oxidized. The latter is attributed to more activated states of molecular orbitals of coadsorbed carbon monoxide and oxygen due to their enhanced interaction with both boron and oxygen species for MoxByOz ternary compound, compared to only boron for the Mox'By' double alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Men
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tamerlan T. Magkoev
- Laboratory of Adsorption Phenomena, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, North Ossetian State University, Vatutina 44-46, 362025 Vladikavkaz, Russia
- Geophysical Institute—The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Markova 93a, 362002 Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | | | - Vladislav B. Zaalishvili
- Geophysical Institute—The Affiliate of Vladikavkaz Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Markova 93a, 362002 Vladikavkaz, Russia
| | - Oleg G. Ashkhotov
- Institute of Informatics, Electronics and Robotics, Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Chernyshevskogo 173, 360004 Nal’chik, Russia
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8
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Poths P, Li G, Masubuchi T, Morgan HWT, Zhang Z, Alexandrova AN, Anderson SL. Got Coke? Self-Limiting Poisoning Makes an Ultra Stable and Selective Sub-Nano Cluster Catalyst. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Guangjing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Tsugunosuke Masubuchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Harry W. T. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Scott L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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9
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Denchy MA, Wang L, Bilik BR, Hansen L, Albornoz S, Lizano F, Blando N, Hicks Z, Gantefoer G, Bowen KH. Ultrasmall Cluster Model for Investigating Single Atom Catalysis: Dehydrogenation of 1-Propanamine by Size-Selected Pt 1Zr 2O 7 Clusters Supported on HOPG. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7578-7590. [PMID: 36257817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons and their functionalized derivatives is a promising pathway in the realization of endothermic fuel systems for powering important technologies such as hypersonic aircraft. The recent surge in interest in single atom catalysts (SACs) over the past decade offers the opportunity to achieve the ultimate levels of selectivity through the subnanoscale design tailoring of novel catalysts. Experimental techniques capable of investigating the fundamental nature of the active sites of novel SACs in well-controlled model studies offer the chance to reveal promising insights. We report here an approach to accomplish this through the soft landing of mass-selected, ultrasmall metal oxide cluster ions, in which a single noble metal atom bound to a metal oxide moiety serves as a model SAC active site. This method allows the preparation of model catalysts in which monodispersed neutral SAC model active sites are decorated across an inert electrically conductive support at submonolayer surface coverage, in this case, Pt1Zr2O7 clusters supported on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The results contained herein show the characterization of the Pt1Zr2O7/HOPG model catalyst by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), along with an investigation of its reactivity toward the functionalized hydrocarbon molecule, 1-propanamine. Through temperature-programmed desorption/reaction (TPD/R) experiments it was shown that Pt1Zr2O7/HOPG decomposes 1-propanamine exclusively into propionitrile and H2, which desorb at 425 and 550 K, respectively. Conversely, clusters without the single platinum atom, that is, Zr2O7/HOPG, exhibited no reactivity toward 1-propanamine. Hence, the single platinum atom in Pt1Zr2O7/HOPG was found to play a critical role in the observed reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Denchy
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Linjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin R Bilik
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lucas Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sandra Albornoz
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Francisco Lizano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Nicolas Blando
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Zachary Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gerd Gantefoer
- Fachbereich fuer Physik, Universitaet Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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10
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Jo Y, Wan Kim T, Oh J, Kim D, Suh YW. Mesoporous sulfur-decorated Pt–Al2O3 for dehydrogenation of perhydro benzyltoluenes: Activity-favorable adsorption of reaction species onto electron-deficient Pt atoms. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Jimenez-Orozco C, Figueras M, Flórez E, Viñes F, Rodriguez JA, Illas F. Effect of nanostructuring on the interaction of CO 2 with molybdenum carbide nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16556-16565. [PMID: 35770743 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides are increasingly used as catalysts for the transformation of CO2 into useful chemicals. Recently, the effect of nanostructuring of such carbides has started to gain relevance in tailoring their catalytic capabilities. Catalytic materials based on molybdenum carbide nanoparticles (MoCy) have shown a remarkable ability to bind CO2 at room temperature and to hydrogenate it into oxygenates or light alkanes. However, the involved chemistry is largely unknown. In the present work, a systematic computational study is presented aiming to elucidate the chemistry behind the bonding of CO2 with a representative set of MoCy nanoparticles of increasing size, including stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric cases. The obtained results provide clear trends to tune the catalytic activity of these systems and to move towards more efficient CO2 transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jimenez-Orozco
- Universidad de Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de Materiales con Impacto (Mat&mpac), Carrera 87 No 30-65, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Marc Figueras
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elizabeth Flórez
- Universidad de Medellín, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Grupo de Materiales con Impacto (Mat&mpac), Carrera 87 No 30-65, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José A Rodriguez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Francesc Illas
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Walz A, Stoiber K, Huettig A, Schlichting H, Barth JV. Navigate Flying Molecular Elephants Safely to the Ground: Mass-Selective Soft Landing up to the Mega-Dalton Range by Electrospray Controlled Ion-Beam Deposition. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7767-7778. [PMID: 35609119 PMCID: PMC9178560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The prototype of a highly versatile and efficient preparative mass spectrometry system used for the deposition of molecules in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) is presented, along with encouraging performance data obtained using four model species that are thermolabile or not sublimable. The test panel comprises two small organic compounds, a small and very large protein, and a large DNA species covering a 4-log mass range up to 1.7 MDa as part of a broad spectrum of analyte species evaluated to date. Three designs of innovative ion guides, a novel digital mass-selective quadrupole (dQMF), and a standard electrospray ionization (ESI) source are combined to an integrated device, abbreviated electrospray controlled ion-beam deposition (ES-CIBD). Full control is achieved by (i) the square-wave-driven radiofrequency (RF) ion guides with steadily tunable frequencies, including a dQMF allowing for investigation, purification, and deposition of a virtually unlimited m/z range, (ii) the adjustable landing energy of ions down to ∼2 eV/z enabling integrity-preserving soft landing, (iii) the deposition in UHV with high ion beam intensity (up to 3 nA) limiting contaminations and deposition time, and (iv) direct coverage control via the deposited charge. The maximum resolution of R = 650 and overall efficiency up to Ttotal = 4.4% calculated from the solution to UHV deposition are advantageous, whereby the latter can be further enhanced by optimizing ionization performance. In the setup presented, a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is attached for in situ UHV investigations of deposited species, demonstrating a selective, structure-preserving process and atomically clean layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karolina Stoiber
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Huettig
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schlichting
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Poths P, Alexandrova AN. Theoretical Perspective on Operando Spectroscopy of Fluxional Nanocatalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4321-4334. [PMID: 35536346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in operando spectroscopy have enabled the catalysis community to investigate the dynamic nature of catalysts under operating conditions with increasing detail. Still, the highly dynamic nature of some catalysts, such as fluxional supported subnano clusters, presents a formidable challenge even for the most state-of-the-art techniques. The reason is that such fluxional catalytic interfaces contain a variety of thermally accessible states. Operando spectroscopies used in catalysis generally fall into two categories: ensemble-based techniques, which provide spectra containing the signals of the entire ensemble of states of the catalyst and are not necessarily dominated by the most active species, and localized techniques, which provide atomistic-level information about the dynamics of active sites in a very small area, which might not include the most active species. Combining many different kinds of techniques can provide detailed insight; however, we propose that effective utilization of specific computational techniques and approaches within the fluxionality paradigm can fill the gap and enable atomistic characterization of the most relevant catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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14
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Sun JJ, Fan QY, Jin X, Liu JL, Liu TT, Ren B, Cheng J. Size-dependent phase transitions boost catalytic activity of sub-nanometer gold clusters. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization and identification of the dynamics of cluster catalysis are crucial to unraveling the origin of catalytic activity. However, the dynamical catalytic effects during the reaction process remain unclear. Herein, we investigate the dynamic coupling effect of elementary reactions with the structural fluctuations of sub-nanometer Au clusters with different sizes using ab initio molecular dynamics and the free energy calculation method. It was found that the adsorption-induced solid-to-liquid phase transitions of the cluster catalysts give rise to abnormal entropy increase, facilitating the proceeding of reaction, and this phase transition catalysis exists in a range of clusters with different sizes. Moreover, clusters with different sizes show different transition temperatures, resulting in a non-trivial size effect. These results unveil the dynamic effect of catalysts and help understand cluster catalysis to design better catalysts rationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jing-Li Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tong-Tong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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15
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Ugartemendia A, Mercero JM, de Cózar A, Jimenez-Izal E. Does the Composition in PtGe Clusters Play any Role in Fighting CO Poisoning?. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:174301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high catalytic activity of Pt is accompanied by a high affinity for CO, making it extremely susceptible to poisoning. Such CO poisoning limits the use of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this work, using state-of-the-art global minima search techniques and exhaustive electronic structure characterization, the dopant concentration is pinpointed as a crucial factor to improve the CO tolerance of Pt catalysts. By investigating PtGe nanoclusters of different size and composition we found that, for those clusters with roughly the same amount of Pt and Ge, the binding to CO is weakened significantly. The uniqueness of the PtGe equimolar clusters is traced down to the electronic effects. The strong covalency and electrostatic stabilization arising from the advantageous Pt-Ge mixing, make the equimolar clusters highly resistant towards CO poisoning and therefore, more durable. Importantly, the novel catalysts are not only more resistant to deactivation, but they remain catalytically active towards hydrogen oxidation. Representative clusters are additionally deposited on graphene with a pentagon-octagon-pentagon (5-8-5) reconstructed divacancy. The remarkable results of free-standing clusters hold true for surface mounted clusters, in which the interaction with CO is dramatically weakened for those compounds with 1:1 Pt:Ge ratio. Our results demonstrate that Ge can be a promising alloying agent to mitigate the deactivation of Pt and that the dopant concentration is a critical factor in the design of advanced catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Ugartemendia
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia Saila, University of the Basque Country - Gipuzkoa Campus, Spain
| | - Jose M Mercero
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Spain
| | - Abel de Cózar
- Organic Chemistry I, University of the Basque Country - Gipuzkoa Campus, Spain
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16
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Yang T, Ma R, Li J, Liu Y, Feng J, He Y, Li D. The Structural Decoration of Ru Catalysts by Boron for Enhanced Propane Dehydrogenation. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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Korpelin V, Kiljunen T, Melander MM, Caro MA, Kristoffersen HH, Mammen N, Apaja V, Honkala K. Addressing Dynamics at Catalytic Heterogeneous Interfaces with DFT-MD: Anomalous Temperature Distributions from Commonly Used Thermostats. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2644-2652. [PMID: 35297635 PMCID: PMC8959310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory-based molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) has been widely used for studying the chemistry of heterogeneous interfacial systems under operational conditions. We report frequently overlooked errors in thermostated or constant-temperature DFT-MD simulations applied to study (electro)catalytic chemistry. Our results demonstrate that commonly used thermostats such as Nosé-Hoover, Berendsen, and simple velocity-rescaling methods fail to provide a reliable temperature description for systems considered. Instead, nonconstant temperatures and large temperature gradients within the different parts of the system are observed. The errors are not a "feature" of any particular code but are present in several ab initio molecular dynamics implementations. This uneven temperature distribution, due to inadequate thermostatting, is well-known in the classical MD community, where it is ascribed to the failure in kinetic energy equipartition among different degrees of freedom in heterogeneous systems (Harvey et al. J. Comput. Chem. 1998, 726-740) and termed the flying ice cube effect. We provide tantamount evidence that interfacial systems are susceptible to substantial flying ice cube effects and demonstrate that the traditional Nosé-Hoover and Berendsen thermostats should be applied with care when simulating, for example, catalytic properties or structures of solvated interfaces and supported clusters. We conclude that the flying ice cube effect in these systems can be conveniently avoided using Langevin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Korpelin
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Toni Kiljunen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marko M. Melander
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miguel A. Caro
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, FIN-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Nisha Mammen
- Department
of Physics,Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa Apaja
- Department
of Physics,Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box
35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University
of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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18
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Lee E, Fokwa BPT. Nonprecious Metal Borides: Emerging Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:56-64. [PMID: 34904818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe development of highly active noble-metal-free catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is the focus of current fundamental research, aiming for a more efficient and economically affordable water-splitting process. While most HER catalysts are studied only at the nanoscale (small particle size and high surface area), metal borides (MBs) are mostly studied in bulk form. This offers a unique opportunity for designing highly efficient and nonprecious HER MBs electrocatalysts based on structure-activity relationships, especially because of their rich compositional and structural diversity.In this Account, we focus on the importance of boron and its substructures in achieving extraordinary HER performances and the importance of using structure-activity relationships to design next-generation MBs electrocatalysts. Studying the Mo-B system, we found that the HER activity of molybdenum borides increases with increasing boron content: from Mo2B (no B-B bonds in the structure, least active) to α-MoB and β-MoB (zigzag boron chains, intermediate activity) and MoB2 (planar graphene-like boron layer, most active). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have shown that the (001) boron layer in hexagonal MoB2 (α-MoB2) is the most active surface and has similar HER activity behavior like the benchmark Pt(111) surface. However, puckering this flat boron layer to the chair-like configuration (phosphorene-like layer) drastically reduces its activity, thereby making the rhombohedral modification of MoB2 (Mo2B4 or β-MoB2) less active than α-MoB2. This discovery was then further supported by studies of the Mo-W-B system. In fact, the binary WB2, which also contains the puckered boron layer, is also less active than α-MoB2, despite containing the more active transition metal W, which performs better in elemental form than Mo. To design a superior catalyst, the more active W was then stabilized in the hexagonal α-MoB2 structure through the synthesis of α-Mo0.7W0.3B2 ,which indeed proved to be a better HER electrocatalyst than α-MoB2. Using the isoelectronic Cr instead of W led to the α-Cr1-xMoxB2 solid solution, the HER activity of which followed unexpected canonic-like (or volcano-like) behavior that perfectly matched that of the c lattice parameter trend, thereby producing the best catalyst α-Cr0.4Mo0.6B2 that outperformed Pt/C at high current density, thus underscoring the effectiveness of the structure-activity concept in designing highly active catalysts. This concept was further applied to the V-B system, leading to the discovery of an unexpected boron chain dependency of the HER activity that ultimately led to the prediction of new VxBy catalysts and their crystal structures and overpotentials. Finally, reducing the particle sizes of all of these bulk crystalline catalysts is also possible and offers an even greater potential as demonstrated for nanoscale a-MoB2 and VB2. Nevertheless, these crystalline nanomaterials are still highly agglomerated due to the high temperature required for their synthesis, thus the synthesis of highly dispersed MBs is an urgent goal that will enable the fulfillment of their extraordinary potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsoo Lee
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Boniface P. T. Fokwa
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Catalysis, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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19
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Lavroff RH, Morgan HWT, Zhang Z, Poths P, Alexandrova AN. Ensemble representation of catalytic interfaces: soloists, orchestras, and everything in-between. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8003-8016. [PMID: 35919426 PMCID: PMC9278157 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01367c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic systems are complex and dynamic, exploring vast chemical spaces on multiple timescales. In this perspective, we discuss the dynamic behavior of fluxional, heterogeneous thermal and electrocatalysts and the ensembles of many isomers which govern their behavior. We develop a new paradigm in catalysis theory in which highly fluxional systems, namely sub-nano clusters, isomerize on a much shorter timescale than that of the catalyzed reaction, so macroscopic properties arise from the thermal ensemble of isomers, not just the ground state. Accurate chemical predictions can only be reached through a many-structure picture of the catalyst, and we explain the breakdown of conventional methods such as linear scaling relations and size-selected prevention of sintering. We capitalize on the forward-looking discussion of the means of controlling the size of these dynamic ensembles. This control, such that the most effective or selective isomers can dominate the system, is essential for the fluxional catalyst to be practicable, and their targeted synthesis to be possible. It will also provide a fundamental lever of catalyst design. Finally, we discuss computational tools and experimental methods for probing ensembles and the role of specific isomers. We hope that catalyst optimization using chemically informed descriptors of ensemble nature and size will become a new norm in the field of catalysis and have broad impacts in sustainable energy, efficient chemical production, and more. Catalytic systems are complex and dynamic, exploring vast chemical spaces on multiple timescales.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lavroff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Harry W T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095-1569 USA
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20
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Jašik J, Fortunelli A, Vajda S. Exploring the materials space in the smallest particle size range: From heterogeneous catalysis to electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12083-12115. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasmall clusters of subnanometer size can possess unique and even unexpected physical and chemical propensities which make them interesting in various fields of basic science and for potential applications, such...
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21
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Guo H, Poths P, Sautet P, Alexandrova AN. Oxidation Dynamics of Supported Catalytic Cu Clusters: Coupling to Fluxionality. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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22
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Sun G, Sautet P. Correction to "Active Site Fluxional Restructuring as a New Paradigm in Triggering Reaction Activity for Nanocluster Catalysis". Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:4595. [PMID: 34874692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Liu TH, Fu HQ, Fu S, Yang HQ, Hu CW. Catalytic performance of Pt3Ni cluster toward ethane activation. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Zandkarimi B, Poths P, Alexandrova AN. When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub‐Nano Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Borna Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute 570 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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25
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Zandkarimi B, Poths P, Alexandrova AN. When Fluxionality Beats Size Selection: Acceleration of Ostwald Ripening of Sub-Nano Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11973-11982. [PMID: 33651898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Size selection was demonstrated to suppress Ostwald ripening of supported catalytic nanoparticles. When the supported clusters are subnanometer in size and highly fluxional, such as Pt clusters on the rutile TiO2 (110) surface, this paradigm breaks down, and the established theory of sintering needs a revision. At temperatures characteristic of catalysis (i.e. 700 K), sub-nano clusters thermally populate many low-energy metastable isomers. As these isomers all have different geometric and electronic structures, and thus, formation and dissociation energies (in lieu of surface energy), Ostwald ripening is not suppressed, despite the size-selection. However, some clusters arise as magic numbers in terms of sintering stability at the ensemble level. Acceleration of sintering by metastable species persists though weakens in polydisperse cluster systems. We propose a competing pathways theory for sintering, which at the atomistic level describes the found size-specific sintering behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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26
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Abstract
In the past several decades, light alkane dehydrogenation to mono-olefins, especially propane dehydrogenation to propylene has gained widespread attention and much development in the field of research and commercial application. Under suitable conditions, the supported Pt-Sn and CrOx catalysts widely used in industry exhibit satisfactory dehydrogenation activity and selectivity. However, the high cost of Pt and the potential environmental problems of CrOx have driven researchers to improve the coking and sintering resistance of Pt catalysts, and to find new non-noble metal and environment-friendly catalysts. As for the development of the reactor, it should be noted that low operation pressure is beneficial for improving the single-pass conversion, decreasing the amount of unconverted alkane recycled back to the reactor, and reducing the energy consumption of the whole process. Therefore, the research direction of reactor improvement is towards reducing the pressure drop. This review is aimed at introducing the characteristics of the dehydrogenation reaction, the progress made in the development of catalysts and reactors, and a new understanding of reaction mechanism as well as its guiding role in the development of catalyst and reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China.
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27
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Balyan S, Saini S, Khan TS, Pant KK, Gupta P, Bhattacharya S, Haider MA. Unravelling the reactivity of metastable molybdenum carbide nanoclusters in the C-H bond activation of methane, ethane and ethylene. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:4451-4466. [PMID: 33404024 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07044k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
C-H bond activation steps in non-oxidative methane dehydroaromatization (MDA), constitute a key functionalization of the reactant and adsorbed species to form aromatics. Previous studies have focused on studying the energetics of these steps at the most stable active sites involving molybdenum carbide species. Herein, a different paradigm is presented via studying the reactivity of a metastable molybdenum carbide (Mo2C6) nanocluster for the C-H bond activation of methane, ethane, and ethylene and comparing it with the reactivity of the lowest energy Mo2C6 nanocluster. Interestingly, the metastable nanocluster is observed to result in a consistent reduction (by half) in the C-H bond activation barrier of the respective alkane and alkene molecules compared to the global minimum isomer. This specific metastable form of the nanocluster is identified from a cascade genetic algorithm search, which facilitated a rigorous scan of the potential energy surface. We attribute this significant lowering of the C-H bond activation barrier to unique co-planar orbital overlap between the reactant molecule and active centers on the metastable nanocluster. Based on geometrical and orbital analysis of the transition states arising during the C-H bond activation of methane, ethane, and ethylene, a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism is proposed that facilitated C-H bond cleavage. Motivated by the high reactivity for C-H bond activation observed on the metastable species, a contrasting framework to analyze the elementary-step rate contributions is presented. This is based on the statistical ensemble analysis of nanocluster isomers, where the calculated rates on respective isomers are normalized with respect to the Boltzmann probability distribution. From this framework, the metastable isomer is observed to provide significant contributions to the ensemble average representations of the rate constants calculated for C-H bond activation during the MDA reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonit Balyan
- Renewable Energy and Chemicals Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India.
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28
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Liu S, Zhang B, Liu G. Metal-based catalysts for the non-oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to light olefins. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of metal-based catalysts, including Pt-, Pd-, Rh- and Ni-based bimetallic catalysts for non-oxidative dehydrogenation of light alkanes to olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Bofeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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29
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Chen S, Chang X, Sun G, Zhang T, Xu Y, Wang Y, Pei C, Gong J. Propane dehydrogenation: catalyst development, new chemistry, and emerging technologies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3315-3354. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00814a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes recent advances in the propane dehydrogenation process in terms of emerging technologies, catalyst development and new chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Chunlei Pei
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Jinlong Gong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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30
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Su P, Espenship MF, Laskin J. Principles of Operation of a Rotating Wall Mass Analyzer for Preparative Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1875-1884. [PMID: 32809825 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we describe the principles of operation of a rotating wall mass analyzer (RWMA), a mass-dispersive device for preparative mass spectrometry. Ions of different m/z are spatially separated by RWMA and deposited onto ring-shaped areas of distinct radii on a surface. We use a combination of an analytical equation for predicting the radius of the deposition ring and SIMION simulations to understand how to optimize the experimental conditions for the separation of multicomponent mixtures. The results of these simulations are compared with the experimental data. We introduce a universal mass calibration procedure, based on a series of polyacrylamide ions, which is subsequently used to predict the deposition radii of unknown analytes. The calibration is independent of the polarity, kinetic energy, and charge state of the ion as demonstrated by assigning m/z values of different analytes including multiply charged ubiquitin ions. We demonstrate that mass resolution of the RWMA is affected by the width and kinetic energy distribution of the ion beam. The best mass resolution obtained in this study is m/Δm = ∼20. Preparative mass spectrometry using RWMA provides the advantages of simplicity, compactness, and low fabrication cost, which are particularly promising for the development of miniaturized instrumentation. The results presented in this work can be readily adapted to preparative separation of a variety of charged species of interest to the broad scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael F Espenship
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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31
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Saito H, Sekine Y. Catalytic conversion of ethane to valuable products through non-oxidative dehydrogenation and dehydroaromatization. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21427-21453. [PMID: 35518732 PMCID: PMC9054567 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03365k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical utilization of ethane to produce valuable chemicals has become especially attractive since the expanded utilization of shale gas in the United States and associated petroleum gas in the Middle East. Catalytic conversion to ethylene and aromatic hydrocarbons through non-oxidative dehydrogenation and dehydroaromatization of ethane (EDH and EDA) are potentially beneficial technologies because of their high selectivity to products. The former represents an attractive alternative to conventional thermal cracking of ethane. The latter can produce valuable aromatic hydrocarbons from a cheap feedstock. Nevertheless, further progress in catalytic science and technology is indispensable to implement these processes beneficially. This review summarizes progress that has been achieved with non-oxidative EDH and EDA in terms of the nature of active sites and reaction mechanisms. Briefly, platinum-, chromium- and gallium-based catalysts have been introduced mainly for EDH, including effects of carbon dioxide co-feeding. Efforts to use EDA have emphasized zinc-modified MFI zeolite catalysts. Finally, some avenues for development of catalytic science and technology for ethane conversion are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Saito
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 444-8585 Japan +81 564 55 7287
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yasushi Sekine
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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32
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Su P, Hu H, Unsihuay D, Zhang D, Dainese T, Diaz RE, Lee J, Gunaratne DK, Wang H, Maran F, Mei J, Laskin J. Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Rosa E. Diaz
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park Purdue University 1205 W. State St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Don K. Gunaratne
- Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 465 Northwestern Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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33
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Molina L, Alonso J. Ab initio studies of propene oxide formation at gold nanocatalysts supported on anatase-TiO2. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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Guo H, Sautet P, Alexandrova AN. Reagent-Triggered Isomerization of Fluxional Cluster Catalyst via Dynamic Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3089-3094. [PMID: 32227852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallic cluster catalysts have many thermodynamically accessible isomers with diverse active sites and low reaction barriers, and lately a strong hypothesis emerged that the many catalyst states collectively drive the catalysis. However, it remained a hypothesis that catalyst isomerization is actually kinetically feasible under the current reaction conditions. Using high-temperature dynamics simulations and sampling, a range of orientations, and vibrational energy distributions, we probe how thermal effects and molecular events affect cluster catalyst dynamics. We show that even such a delicate affair as the dissociation or scattering of a methane molecule on the heavy and thus slow Pt13 cluster triggers substantial isomerization of the catalyst, far beyond thermal at 700 K. A kinetic coupling between the methane activity and cluster catalyst dynamics is observed. In return, the thermal dynamics of the cluster affects the methane reaction and scattering probabilities. Hence, molecular events at the surfaces of fluxional cluster catalysts should facilitate the population of an ensemble of catalyst states under the current reaction conditions, with implications for available active sites, reaction mechanisms, and apparent rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Sautet
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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35
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Liu G, Poths P, Zhang X, Zhu Z, Marshall M, Blankenhorn M, Alexandrova AN, Bowen KH. CO 2 Hydrogenation to Formate and Formic Acid by Bimetallic Palladium-Copper Hydride Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7930-7936. [PMID: 32250623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of the anionic products of interaction between bimetallic palladium-copper tetrahydride anions, PdCuH4-, and carbon dioxide, CO2, in a reaction cell shows an efficient generation of the PdCuCO2H4- intermediate and formate/formic acid complexes. Multiple structures of PdCuH4- and PdCuCO2H4- are identified by a synergy between anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The higher energy PdCuH4- isomer is shown to drive the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2, emphasizing the importance of accounting for higher energy isomers for cluster catalytic activity. This study represents the first example of CO2 hydrogenation by bimetallic hydride clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Patricia Poths
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 605 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Mary Marshall
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Moritz Blankenhorn
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 605 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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36
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Sun G, Alexandrova AN, Sautet P. Structural Rearrangements of Subnanometer Cu Oxide Clusters Govern Catalytic Oxidation. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geng Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California Nano Systems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California Nano Systems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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37
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Aly M, Fornero EL, Leon-Garzon AR, Galvita VV, Saeys M. Effect of Boron Promotion on Coke Formation during Propane Dehydrogenation over Pt/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aly
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Gent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Esteban L. Fornero
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Gent B-9052, Belgium
- Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Quı́mica (INTEC), UNL/CONICET, Güemes 3450, S3000 GLN Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andres R. Leon-Garzon
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Gent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Vladimir V. Galvita
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Gent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Mark Saeys
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Gent B-9052, Belgium
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38
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Su P, Hu H, Unsihuay D, Zhang D, Dainese T, Diaz RE, Lee J, Gunaratne DK, Wang H, Maran F, Mei J, Laskin J. Preparative Mass Spectrometry Using a Rotating‐Wall Mass Analyzer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7711-7716. [PMID: 32109333 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Su
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Daisy Unsihuay
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Tiziano Dainese
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Rosa E. Diaz
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Discovery Park Purdue University 1205 W. State St. West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Don K. Gunaratne
- Physical Science Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University 701 W. Stadium Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University 465 Northwestern Avenue West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Flavio Maran
- Department of Chemistry University of Padova 1, Via Marzolo Padova 35131 Italy
| | - Jianguo Mei
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
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39
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Gorey TJ, Zandkarimi B, Li G, Baxter ET, Alexandrova AN, Anderson SL. Coking-Resistant Sub-Nano Dehydrogenation Catalysts: PtnSnx/SiO2 (n = 4, 7). ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Gorey
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Borna Zandkarimi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Guangjing Li
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric T. Baxter
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Scott L. Anderson
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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40
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Zhang Z, Zandkarimi B, Alexandrova AN. Ensembles of Metastable States Govern Heterogeneous Catalysis on Dynamic Interfaces. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:447-458. [PMID: 31977181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis is at the heart of the chemical industry. Being able to tune and design efficient catalysts for processes of interest is of the utmost importance, and for this, a molecular-level understanding of heterogeneous catalysts is the first step and indeed a prime focus of modern catalysis research. For a long time, the single most thermodynamically stable structure of the catalytic interface attained under the reaction conditions had been envisioned as the reactive phase. However, some catalytic interfaces continue to undergo structural dynamics in the steady state, triggered by high temperatures and pressures and binding and changing reagents. Among particularly dynamic interfaces are such widely used catalysts as crystalline and amorphous surfaced supporting (sub)nanometallic clusters. Recently, it became clear that this dynamic fluxionality causes the supported clusters to populate many distinct structural and stoichiometric states under catalytic conditions. Hence, the catalytic interface should be viewed as an evolving statistical ensemble of many structures (rather than one structure). Every member in the ensemble contributes to the properties of the catalyst differently, in proportion to its probability of being populated. This new notion flips the established paradigm and calls for a new theory, new modeling approaches, operando measurements, and updated design strategies. The statistical ensemble nature of surface-supported subnanocluster catalysts can be exemplified by oxide-supported and adsorbate-covered Pt, Pd, Cu, and CuPd clusters, which are catalytic toward oxidative and nonoxidative dehydrogenation. They have access to a variety of 3D and quasi-2D shapes. The compositions of their thermal ensembles are dependent on the cluster size, leading to size-specific catalytic activities and the famous "every atom counts" phenomenon. The support and adsorbates affect catalyst structures, and the state of the reacting species causes the ensemble to change in every reaction intermediate. The most stable member of the ensemble dominates the thermodynamic properties of the corresponding intermediate, whereas the kinetics can be determined by more active but less populated metastable catalyst states, and that suggests that many earlier studies might have overlooked the actual active sites. Both effects depend on the relative time scales of catalyst restructuring and reaction dynamics. The catalyst may routinely operate off-equilibrium. Ensemble phenomena lead to surprising exceptions from established rules of catalysis, such as scaling relations and Arrhenius behavior. Catalyst deactivation is also an ensemble property, and its extent of mitigation can be predicted through the new paradigm. These findings were enabled by advances in theory, such as global optimization and subsequent utilization of multiple local minima and pathways sampling as well as operando catalyst characterization. The fact that the per-site and per-species resolution is needed for the description and prediction of catalyst properties gives theory the central role in catalysis research, as most experiments provide ensemble-average information and cannot detect the crucial minority species that may be responsible for the catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Borna Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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41
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Cai X, Hu W, Xu S, Yang D, Chen M, Shu M, Si R, Ding W, Zhu Y. Structural Relaxation Enabled by Internal Vacancy Available in a 24-Atom Gold Cluster Reinforces Catalytic Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4141-4153. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weigang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shun Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Center for Green Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Miao Shu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Rui Si
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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42
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Li G, Zandkarimi B, Cass AC, Gorey TJ, Allen BJ, Alexandrova AN, Anderson SL. Sn-modification of Pt7/alumina model catalysts: Suppression of carbon deposition and enhanced thermal stability. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:024702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5129686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjing Li
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Borna Zandkarimi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ashley C. Cass
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Timothy J. Gorey
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Bradley J. Allen
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Scott L. Anderson
- Chemistry Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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43
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Halder A, Ha M, Zhai H, Yang B, Pellin MJ, Seifert S, Alexandrova AN, Vajda S. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Cyclohexane by Cu
vs
Pd Clusters: Selectivity Control by Specific Cluster Dynamics. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Halder
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL-60439 USA
| | - Mai‐Anh Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
| | - Huanchen Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL-60439 USA
| | - Michael J. Pellin
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL-60439 USA
| | - Sönke Seifert
- X-ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL-60439 USA
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
| | - Stefan Vajda
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL-60439 USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago IL-60637 USA
- Department of Nanocatalysis J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 18223 Czech Republic
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44
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Byron C, Bai S, Celik G, Ferrandon MS, Liu C, Ni C, Mehdad A, Delferro M, Lobo RF, Teplyakov AV. Role of Boron in Enhancing the Catalytic Performance of Supported Platinum Catalysts for the Nonoxidative Dehydrogenation of n-Butane. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gokhan Celik
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Magali S. Ferrandon
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Cong Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | | | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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45
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Li XN, Jiang LX, Wang LN, Ou SH, Zhang MQ, Yang Y, Ma TM, He SG. An Eight-Atom Iridium-Aluminum Oxide Cluster IrAlO 6+ Catalytically Oxidizes Six CO Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:7850-7855. [PMID: 31790248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental understanding regarding oxygen storage capacity involving how and why an active site can buffer a large number of oxygen atoms in redox processes is vital to the design of advanced oxygen storage materials, while it is challenging because of the complexity of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we identified that an eight-atom iridium-aluminum oxide cluster IrAlO6+ can transfer all the oxygen atoms to catalytically oxidize six CO molecules. This finding represents a breakthrough in cluster catalysis where at most three oxygen atoms from a heteronuclear metal oxide cluster can be catalytically involved in CO oxidation. We found that oxygen prefers to be stored on aluminum to form an O3-• radical in the energetically unfavorable IrAlO6+ isomer and generate the low-coordinated iridium that is pivotal to capturing CO and triggering the catalysis. The powerful electron cycling capability of iridium and the cooperative iridium-aluminum interplay are emphasized to drive the oxygen atom-transfer behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Li-Xue Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Li Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Shu-Hua Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Mei-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Tong-Mei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , South China University of Technology , 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District , Guangzhou 510641 , China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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46
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Zhai H, Sautet P, Alexandrova AN. Global Optimization of Adsorbate Covered Supported Cluster Catalysts: The Case of Pt
7
H
10
CH
3
on α‐Al
2
O
3. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanchen Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California Los Angeles CA-90095 USA
- California NanoSystems Institute Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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47
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Daelman N, Capdevila-Cortada M, López N. Dynamic charge and oxidation state of Pt/CeO 2 single-atom catalysts. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:1215-1221. [PMID: 31384029 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of metals supported on oxides depends on their charge and oxidation state. Yet, the determination of the degree of charge transfer at the interface remains elusive. Here, by combining density functional theory and first-principles molecular dynamics on Pt single atoms deposited on the CeO2 (100) surface, we show that the common representation of a static metal charge is oversimplified. Instead, we identify several well-defined charge states that are dynamically interconnected and thus coexist. The origin of this new class of strong metal-support interactions is the relative position of the Ce(4f) levels with respect to those of the noble metal, allowing electron injection to (or recovery from) the support. This process is phonon-assisted, as the Ce(4f) levels adjust by surface atom displacement, and appears for other metals (Ni) and supports (TiO2). Our dynamic model explains the unique reactivity found for activated single Pt atoms on ceria able to perform CO oxidation, meeting the Department of Energy 150 °C challenge for emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Daelman
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marçal Capdevila-Cortada
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Tarragona, Spain.
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Kauppinen MM, Korpelin V, Verma AM, Melander MM, Honkala K. Escaping scaling relationships for water dissociation at interfacial sites of zirconia-supported Rh and Pt clusters. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minttu M. Kauppinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Ville Korpelin
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Anand Mohan Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Marko M. Melander
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
| | - Karoliina Honkala
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YN), Jyväskylä FI-40014, Finland
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Jimenez-Izal E, Liu JY, Alexandrova AN. Germanium as key dopant to boost the catalytic performance of small platinum clusters for alkane dehydrogenation. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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50
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Zandkarimi B, Alexandrova AN. Surface‐supported cluster catalysis: Ensembles of metastable states run the show. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Borna Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
- California NanoSystems Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California
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