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Abbasi F, Sardarian AR. Direct additive-free N-formylation and N-acylation of anilines and synthesis of urea derivatives using green, efficient, and reusable deep eutectic solvent ([ChCl][ZnCl 2] 2). Sci Rep 2024; 14:7206. [PMID: 38532063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current report, we introduce a simple, mild efficient and green protocol for N-formylation and N-acetylation of anilines using formamide, formic acid, and acetic acid as inexpensive, nontoxic, and easily available starting materials just with heating along stirring in [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 as a durable, reusable deep eutectic solvent (DES), which acts as a dual catalyst and solvent system to produce a wide range of formanilides and acetanilides. Also, a variety of unsymmetrical urea derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of phenyl isocyanate with a range of amine compounds using this benign DES in high to excellent yields. [ChCl][ZnCl2]2 showed good recycling and reusability up to four runs without considerable loss of its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbasi
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946-84795, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Sardarian
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71946-84795, Iran.
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2
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Chen SJ, Krska SW, Stahl SS. Copper-Catalyzed Benzylic C-H Cross-Coupling Enabled by Redox Buffers: Expanding Synthetic Access to Three-Dimensional Chemical Space. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3604-3615. [PMID: 38051914 PMCID: PMC10902864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusCross-coupling methods are the most widely used synthetic methods in medicinal chemistry. Existing reactions are dominated by methods such as amide coupling and arylation reactions that form bonds to sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and contribute to the formation of "flat" molecules. Evidence that three-dimensional structures often have improved physicochemical properties for pharmaceutical applications has contributed to growing demand for cross-coupling methods with sp3-hybridized reaction partners. Substituents attached to sp3 carbon atoms are intrinsically displayed in three dimensions. These considerations have led to efforts to establish reactions with sp3 cross-coupling partners, including alkyl halides, amines, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. As C(sp3)-H bonds are much more abundant that these more conventional coupling partners, we have been pursuing C(sp3)-H cross-coupling reactions that achieve site-selectivity, synthetic utility, and scope competitive with conventional coupling reactions.In this Account, we outline Cu-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds with diverse nucleophilic partners. These reactions commonly use N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) as the oxidant. The scope of reactivity is greatly improved by using a "redox buffer" that ensures that the Cu catalyst is available in the proper redox state to promote the reaction. Early precedents of catalytic Cu/NFSI oxidative coupling reactions, including C-H cyanation and arylation, did not require a redox buffer, but reactions with other nucleophiles, such as alcohols and azoles, were much less effective under similar conditions. Mechanistic studies show that some nucleophiles, such as cyanide and arylboronic acids, promote in situ reduction of CuII to CuI, contributing to successful catalytic turnover. Poor reactivity was observed with nucleophiles, such as alcohols, that do not promote CuII reduction in the same manner. This insight led to the identification of sacrificial reductants, termed "redox buffers", that support controlled generation of CuI during the reactions and enable successful benzylic C(sp3)-H cross-coupling with diverse nucleophiles. Successful reactions include those that feature direct coupling of (hetero)benzylic C-H substrates with coupling partners (alcohols, azoles) and sequential C(sp3)-H functionalization/coupling reactions. The latter methods feature generation of a synthetic linchpin that can undergo subsequent reaction with a broad array of nucleophiles. For example, halogenation/substitution cascades afford benzylic amines, (thio)ethers, and heterodiarylmethane derivatives, and an isocyanation/amine-addition sequence generates diverse benzylic ureas.Collectively, these Cu-catalyzed (hetero)benzylic C(sp3)-H cross-coupling reactions rapidly access diverse molecules. Analysis of their physicochemical and topological properties highlights the "drug-likeness" and enhanced three-dimensionality of these products relative to existing bioactive molecules. This consideration, together with the high benzylic C-H site-selectivity and the broad scope of reactivity enabled by the redox buffering strategy, makes these C(sp3)-H cross-coupling methods ideally suited for implementation in high-throughput experimentation platforms to explore novel chemical space for drug discovery and related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, California, 94030, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 126 East Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States
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3
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Kumar P, Bhalla A. Isothiocyanates ( in situ) and sulfonyl chlorides in water for N-functionalization of bicyclic amidines: access to N-alkylated γ-/ω-lactam derivatized thiourea and sulfonamides. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8868-8874. [PMID: 37888837 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we showcase the potential of isothiocyanates generated in situ and aryl sulfonyl chlorides as electrophiles in water for N-functionalization of bicyclic amidines (DBN and DBU). This strategy provides complementary access to a range of thiouredosulfides, sulfonamides, aroylthioureas and amides derivativatized with distal γ- and ω-lactams. A novel sulfonyl chloride mediated formation of β-uredo sulfides has been achieved from β-isothiocyanato sulfides, removing the requirement for the harsh synthesis of unstable isocyanates. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical mechanism for the difunctionalization of alkenes, the efficacy of H2O in the ring opening of bicyclic amidines, and an oxygen source along with sulfonyl chloride as desulfurization agents for thiourea to afford urea derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, UT, India.
| | - Aman Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advance Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, UT, India.
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4
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Yadav V, Wen L, Yadav S, Siegler MA, Goldberg DP. Selective Radical Transfer in a Series of Nonheme Iron(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17830-17842. [PMID: 37857315 PMCID: PMC11296666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of nonheme iron complexes, FeIII(BNPAPh2O)(Lax)(Leq) (Lax/eq = N3-, NCS-, NCO-, and Cl-) have been synthesized using the previously reported BNPAPh2O- ligand. The ferrous analogs FeII(BNPAPh2O)(Lax) (Lax = N3-, NCS-, and NCO-) were also prepared. The complexes were structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, which shows that all the FeIII complexes are six-coordinate, with one anionic ligand (Lax) in the H-bonding axial site and the other anionic ligand (Leq) in the equatorial plane, cis to the Lax ligand. The reaction of FeIII(BNPAPh2O-)(Lax)(Leq) with Ph3C• shows that one ligand is selectively transferred in each case. A selectivity trend emerges that shows •N3 is the most favored for transfer in each case to the carbon radical, whereas Cl• is the least favored. The NCO and NCS ligands showed an intermediate propensity for radical transfer, with NCS > NCO. The overall order of selectivity is N3 > NCS > NCO > Cl. In addition, we also demonstrated that H-bonding has a small effect on governing product selectivity by using a non-H-bonded ligand (DPAPh2O-). This study demonstrates the inherent radical transfer selectivity of nonhydroxo-ligated nonheme iron(III) complexes, which could be useful for efforts in synthetic and (bio)catalytic C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Lyupeng Wen
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sudha Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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5
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Li J, Xu X, Zhang F, Guo W, Wang X, Xie Y, Zhang F. Urea-based magnetic porous organic frameworks as novel adsorbent for the enrichment of phenylurea herbicides in foods. Food Chem 2023; 425:136436. [PMID: 37267786 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel urea-based magnetic porous organic frameworks Fe3O4@UPOFs (ETTA-PPDI) was synthesized by a simple polymerization reaction under mild conditions. The adsorbent displayed desirable adsorption performance for phenylurea herbicides (PUHs) with optimized adsorption time of only 4 min. The adsorption capacities of the adsorbent for PUHs ranged from 47.30 to 111.93 mg g-1. A magnetic solid-phase extraction based on Fe3O4@UPOFs combined with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established for the efficient determination of six PUHs in food samples (wheat, edible oil and cucumber), with determination coefficient (R2) ≥ 0.9972. The LODs of the method were in the range of 0.003-0.07 μg kg-1 and recoveries ranged from 82.00 to 112.53%. The relative standard deviations were lower than 6.7%. The newly prepared adsorbent displayed great application prospects for the efficient enrichment of trace phenylurea herbicides in complex food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiuli Xu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yun Xie
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China; Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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6
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Bian KJ, Nemoto D, Kao SC, He Y, Li Y, Wang XS, West JG. Modular Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes through Bio-Inspired Radical Ligand Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11810-11821. [PMID: 35729791 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of visible light-mediated atom transfer radical addition of haloalkanes onto unsaturated hydrocarbons has seen rapid growth in recent years. However, due to its radical chain propagation mechanism, diverse functionality other than the pre-existing (pseudo-)halide on the alkyl halide source cannot be incorporated into target molecules in a one-step, economic fashion. Inspired by the prominent reactivities shown by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase and non-heme iron-dependent oxygenases, we herein report the first modular, dual catalytic difunctionalization of unactivated alkenes via manganese-catalyzed radical ligand transfer (RLT). This RLT elementary step involves a coordinated nucleophile rebounding to a carbon-centered radical to form a new C-X bond in analogy to the radical rebound step in metalloenzymes. The protocol leverages the synergetic cooperation of both a photocatalyst and earth-abundant manganese complex to deliver two radical species in succession to minimally functionalized alkenes, enabling modular diversification of the radical intermediate by a high-valent manganese species capable of delivering various external nucleophiles. A broad scope (97 examples, including drugs/natural product motifs), mild conditions, and excellent chemoselectivity were shown for a variety of substrates and fluoroalkyl fragments. Mechanistic and kinetics studies provide insights into the radical nature of the dual catalytic transformation and support radical ligand transfer (RLT) as a new strategy to deliver diverse functionality selectively to carbon-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Jie Bian
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - David Nemoto
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shih-Chieh Kao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yan He
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6500 Main St, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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7
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Golden DL, Suh SE, Stahl SS. Radical C(sp3)–H functionalization and cross-coupling reactions. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:405-427. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Coutard N, Musgrave CB, Moon J, Liebov NS, Nielsen RM, Goldberg JM, Li M, Jia X, Lee S, Dickie DA, Schinski WL, Wu Z, Groves JT, Goddard WA, Gunnoe TB. Manganese Catalyzed Partial Oxidation of Light Alkanes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Coutard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Charles B. Musgrave
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jisue Moon
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nichole S. Liebov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Robert M. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Meijun Li
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Sungsik Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Diane A. Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | | | - Zili Wu
- Chemical Science Division, Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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9
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Li R, Khan FST, Hematian S. Dioxygen Reactivity of Copper(I)/Manganese(II)-Porphyrin Assemblies: Mechanistic Studies and Cooperative Activation of O 2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031000. [PMID: 35164265 PMCID: PMC8839022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of transition metals such as manganese and copper by dioxygen (O2) is of great interest to chemists and biochemists for fundamental and practical reasons. In this report, the O2 reactivities of 1:1 and 1:2 mixtures of [(TPP)MnII] (1; TPP: Tetraphenylporphyrin) and [(tmpa)CuI(MeCN)]+ (2; TMPA: Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) are described. Variable-temperature (-110 °C to room temperature) absorption spectroscopic measurements support that, at low temperature, oxygenation of the (TPP)Mn/Cu mixtures leads to rapid formation of a cupric superoxo intermediate, [(tmpa)CuII(O2•-)]+ (3), independent of the presence of the manganese porphyrin complex (1). Complex 3 subsequently reacts with 1 to form a heterobinuclear μ-peroxo species, [(tmpa)CuII-(O22-)-MnIII(TPP)]+ (4; λmax = 443 nm), which thermally converts to a μ-oxo complex, [(tmpa)CuII-O-MnIII(TPP)]+ (5; λmax = 434 and 466 nm), confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the 1:2 (TPP)Mn/Cu mixture, 4 is subsequently attacked by a second equivalent of 3, giving a bis-μ-peroxo species, i.e., [(tmpa)CuII-(O22-)-MnIV(TPP)-(O22-)-CuII(tmpa)]2+ (7; λmax = 420 nm and δpyrrolic = -44.90 ppm). The final decomposition product of the (TPP)Mn/Cu/O2 chemistry in MeTHF is [(TPP)MnIII(MeTHF)2]+ (6), whose X-ray structure is also presented and compared to literature analogs.
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10
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Yang J, Chen L, Dong Y, Zhang J, Wu Y. Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP)-mediated synthesis of symmetrical N,N′-disubstituted urea/thiourea motifs from isothiocyanates in water. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchen Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
| | - Yibo Dong
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
| | - Yangjie Wu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhenzhou, China
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11
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Tsygankov AA, Chusov D. Straightforward Access to High-Performance Organometallic Catalysts by Fluoride Activation: Proof of Principle on Asymmetric Cyanation, Asymmetric Michael Addition, CO 2 Addition to Epoxide, and Reductive Alkylation of Amines by Tetrahydrofuran. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tsygankov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Chusov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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12
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Son J. Sustainable manganese catalysis for late-stage C-H functionalization of bioactive structural motifs. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1733-1751. [PMID: 34386100 PMCID: PMC8329386 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The late-stage C–H functionalization of bioactive structural motifs is a powerful synthetic strategy for accessing advanced agrochemicals, bioimaging materials, and drug candidates, among other complex molecules. While traditional late-stage diversification relies on the use of precious transition metals, the utilization of 3d transition metals is an emerging approach in organic synthesis. Among the 3d metals, manganese catalysts have gained increasing attention for late-stage diversification due to the sustainability, cost-effectiveness, ease of operation, and reduced toxicity. Herein, we summarize recent manganese-catalyzed late-stage C–H functionalization reactions of biologically active small molecules and complex peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Graduate Program), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, South Korea
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13
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Das K, Barman MK, Maji B. Advancements in multifunctional manganese complexes for catalytic hydrogen transfer reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8534-8549. [PMID: 34369488 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02512k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogen transfer reactions have enormous academic and industrial applications for the production of diverse molecular scaffolds. Over the past few decades, precious late transition-metal catalysts were employed for these reactions. The early transition metals have recently gained much attention due to their lower cost, less toxicity, and overall sustainability. In this regard, manganese, which is the third most abundant transition metal in the Earth's crust, has emerged as a viable alternative. However, the key to the success of such manganese-based complexes lies in the multifunctional ligand design and choice of appropriate ancillary ligands, which helps them mimic and, even in some cases, supersede noble metals' activities. The metal-ligand bifunctionality, achieved via deprotonation of the acidic C-H or N-H bonds, is one of the powerful strategies employed for this purpose. Alongside, the ligand hemilability in which a weakly chelating group tunes in between the coordinated and uncoordinated stages could effectively stabilize the reactive intermediates, thereby facilitating substrate activation and catalysis. Redox non-innocent ligands acting as an electron sink, thereby helping the metal center in steps gaining or losing electrons, and non-classical metal-ligand cooperativity has also played a significant role in the ligand design for manganese catalysis. The strategies were not only employed for the chemoselective hydrogenation of different reducible functionalities but also for the C-X (X = C/N) coupling reactions via HT and downstream cascade processes. This article features multifunctional ligand-based manganese complexes, highlighting the importance of ligand design and choice of ancillary ligands for achieving the desired catalytic activity and selectivity for HT reactions. We have also discussed the detailed reaction pathways for metal complexes involving bifunctionality, hemilability, redox activity, and indirect metal-ligand cooperativity. The synthetic utilization of those complexes in different organic transformations has also been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuhali Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India.
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14
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Suh SE, Nkulu LE, Lin S, Krska SW, Stahl SS. Benzylic C-H isocyanation/amine coupling sequence enabling high-throughput synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant ureas. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10380-10387. [PMID: 34377424 PMCID: PMC8336431 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
C(sp3)–H functionalization methods provide an ideal synthetic platform for medicinal chemistry; however, such methods are often constrained by practical limitations. The present study outlines a C(sp3)–H isocyanation protocol that enables the synthesis of diverse, pharmaceutically relevant benzylic ureas in high-throughput format. The operationally simple C–H isocyanation method shows high site selectivity and good functional group tolerance, and uses commercially available catalyst components and reagents [CuOAc, 2,2′-bis(oxazoline) ligand, (trimethylsilyl)isocyanate, and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide]. The isocyanate products may be used without isolation or purification in a subsequent coupling step with primary and secondary amines to afford hundreds of diverse ureas. These results provide a template for implementation of C–H functionalization/cross-coupling in drug discovery. A copper-based catalyst system composed of commercially available reagents enables C–H isocyanation with exquisite (hetero)benzylic site selectivity, enabling high-throughput access to pharmaceutically relevant ureas via coupling with amines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Suh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Leah E Nkulu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Shishi Lin
- Chemistry Capabilities for Accelerating Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc. 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Shane W Krska
- Chemistry Capabilities for Accelerating Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc. 2000 Galloping Hill Road Kenilworth New Jersey 07033 USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1101 University Avenue Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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15
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Jiang Y, Gu Z, Chen Y, Xia J. Pd‐Catalyzed Amidation of Silyl Enol Ethers With CO and Azides via an Isocyanate Intermediate. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Qian Jiang
- School Chemistry of Chemical Engineering Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Yang Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
- College of Textiles and Clothing & Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province Yancheng Institute of Technology 224003 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- School Chemistry of Chemical Engineering Guizhou University 550025 Guiyang P. R. China
| | - Ji‐Bao Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Suzhou Research Institute of LICP Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 730000 Lanzhou P. R. China
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivam Sivaguru
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yongquan Ning
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xihe Bi
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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17
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Liu N, Chen X, Jin L, Yang YF, She YB. A mechanistic study of the manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C–H isocyanation reaction. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The favourable radical rebound pathway is NCO-rebound from the Mn(TMP)(NCO)2 complex due to the stronger trans effect of the axial ligand NCO and the electron-donating aryl substituents on the porphyrin ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Liyuan Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
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18
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Jin L, Wang Q, Chen X, Liu N, Fang X, Yang YF, She YB. Computational Studies on the Mechanism and Origin of the Different Regioselectivities of Manganese Porphyrin-Catalyzed C-H Bond Hydroxylation and Amidation of Equilenin Acetate. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14879-14889. [PMID: 33225704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C-H bond hydroxylation and amidation of equilenin acetate developed by Breslow and his co-worker have been investigated with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hydroxylation of C(sp2)-H bond of equilenin acetate leading to the 6-hydroxylated product is more favorable than the hydroxylation of C(sp3)-H bond of equilenin acetate, leading to the 11β-hydroxylation product. The computational results suggest that the C(sp2)-H bond hydroxylation of equilenin acetate undergoes an oxygen-atom-transfer mechanism, which is more favorable than the C(sp3)-H bond hydroxylation undergoing the hydrogen-atom-abstraction/oxygen-rebound (HAA/OR) mechanism by 1.6 kcal/mol. That is why, the 6-hydroxylated product is the major product and the 11β-hydroxylated product is the minor product. In contrast, the 11β-amidated product is the only observed product in manganese porphyrin-catalyzed amidation reaction. The benzylic amidation undergoes a hydrogen-atom-abstraction/nitrogen-rebound (HAA/NR) mechanism, in which hydrogen atom abstraction is followed by nitrogen rebound, leading to the 11β-amidated product. The benzylic C(sp3)-H bond amidation at the C-11 position is more favorable than aromatic amidation at the C-6 position by 4.9 kcal/mol. Therefore, the DFT computational results are consistent with the experiments that manganese porphyrin-catalyzed C-H bond hydroxylation and amidation of equilenin acetate have different regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Jin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qunmin Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yuan-Bin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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19
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Kannan N, Patil AR, Sinha A. Direct C-H bond halogenation and pseudohalogenation of hydrocarbons mediated by high-valent 3d metal-oxo species. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14344-14360. [PMID: 33057538 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02533j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Late-stage direct functionalization of the C-H bond is synthetically desirable. Metalloenzymes having metal-oxo active sites are well known to selectively catalyze hydroxylation and halogenation reactions with high efficiency. This review highlights the recent developments in the field of direct C-H halogenation and pseudohalogenation reactions catalyzed by the functional models of metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neppoliyan Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Akshay R Patil
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Arup Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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20
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Khatua H, Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Dual Reactivity of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazole: Manganese‐Catalyzed Click Reaction and Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:304-312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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21
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Khatua H, Das SK, Roy S, Chattopadhyay B. Dual Reactivity of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazole: Manganese‐Catalyzed Click Reaction and Denitrogenative Annulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hillol Khatua
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Sandip Kumar Das
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Satyajit Roy
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
| | - Buddhadeb Chattopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Synthesis & Drug Discovery Centre of Bio-Medical Research (CBMR) SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 U.P. India
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22
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Zhao Y, Guo X, Si Z, Hu Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Ji Z, You J. Hydrosilane-Assisted Synthesis of Urea Derivatives from CO 2 and Amines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13347-13353. [PMID: 32997938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A methodology employing CO2, amines, and phenylsilane was discussed to access aryl- or alkyl-substituted urea derivatives. This procedure was characterized by adopting hydrosilane to promote the formation of ureas directly, without the need to prepare silylamines in advance. Control reactions suggested that FeCl3 was a favorable additive for the generation of ureas, and this 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene-catalyzed reaction might proceed through nucleophilic addition, silicon migration, and the subsequent formal substitution of silylcarbamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xuqiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Zhiyao Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongyin Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Jinmao You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Xining 810001, China
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23
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Vasilopoulos A, Golden DL, Buss JA, Stahl SS. Copper-Catalyzed C-H Fluorination/Functionalization Sequence Enabling Benzylic C-H Cross Coupling with Diverse Nucleophiles. Org Lett 2020; 22:5753-5757. [PMID: 32790420 PMCID: PMC7446105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective transformation of benzylic C-H bonds into diverse functional groups is achieved via Cu-catalyzed C-H fluorination with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), followed by substitution of the resulting fluoride with various nucleophiles. The benzyl fluorides generated in these reactions are reactive electrophiles in the presence of hydrogen-bond donors or Lewis acids, allowing them to be used without isolation in C-O, C-N, and C-C coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Dung L. Golden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Joshua A. Buss
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
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24
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Bakhoda AG, Wiese S, Greene C, Figula BC, Bertke JA, Warren TH. Radical Capture at Nickel(II) Complexes: C–C, C–N, and C–O Bond Formation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Gus Bakhoda
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Stefan Wiese
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Christine Greene
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Bryan C. Figula
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry, Washington, District of Columbia 20057-1227, United States
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25
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Liu R, Li J, Sun J, Liu X, Qu S, Li P, Zhang B. Generation and Reactivity of Amidyl Radicals: Manganese‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Run‐Zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jinxia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xian‐Guan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 China
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26
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Kim HK, Bui TT. Lanthanum(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Ureas from N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-Allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl-Protected Amines. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel lanthanum triflate mediated conversion of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-protected amines into nonsymmetric ureas was discovered. In this study, lanthanum triflate was found to be an effective catalyst for preparing various nonsymmetric ureas from protected amines. A variety of protected aromatic and aliphatic carbamates reacted readily with various amines in the presence of lanthanum triflate to generate the desired ureas in high yields. This result demonstrated that this novel lanthanum triflate catalyzed preparation of ureas from Cbz, Alloc, and Troc carbamates can be employed for the formation of various urea structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
| | - Tien Tan Bui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
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27
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Liu RZ, Li J, Sun J, Liu XG, Qu S, Li P, Zhang B. Generation and Reactivity of Amidyl Radicals: Manganese-Mediated Atom-Transfer Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4428-4433. [PMID: 31912602 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol to generate amidyl radicals from amine functionalities through a manganese-mediated atom-transfer reaction has been developed. This approach employs an earth-abundant and inexpensive manganese complex, Mn2 (CO)10 , as the catalyst and visible light as the energy input. Using this strategy, site-selective chlorination of unactivated C(sp3 )-H bonds of aliphatic amines and intramolecular/intermolecular chloroaminations of unactivated alkenes were readily realized under mild reaction conditions, thus providing efficient access to a range of synthetically valuable alkyl chlorides, chlorinated pyrrolidines, and vicinal chloroamine derivatives. These practical reactions exhibit a broad substrate scope and tolerate a wide array of functional groups, and complex molecules including various marketed drug derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinxia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xian-Guan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
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28
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Zhang H, Tian P, Ma L, Zhou Y, Jiang C, Lin X, Xiao X. Remote Directed Isocyanation of Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bonds: Forging Seven-Membered Cyclic Ureas Enabled by Copper Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:997-1002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyuan Tian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiyu Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao, Shandong 266580, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou 310014, People’s Republic of China
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29
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Mononuclear manganese(III) complex with a monodeprotonated N-(2-pyridylmethyl)iminodiisopropanol ligand: synthesis, crystal structure, and catalytic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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31
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Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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32
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Li G, Kates PA, Dilger AK, Cheng PT, Ewing WR, Groves JT. Manganese-Catalyzed Desaturation of N-Acyl Amines and Ethers. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Patrick A. Kates
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Andrew K. Dilger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - Peter T. Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - William R. Ewing
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5400, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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33
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Liu S, Qi Z, Zhang Z, Qian B. Iodine/Manganese Dual Catalysis for Oxidative Dehydrogenation Coupling of Amines with Thiols. Org Lett 2019; 21:7722-7725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Zaojuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Bo Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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34
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Xu M, Jupp AR, Ong MSE, Burton KI, Chitnis SS, Stephan DW. Synthesis of Urea Derivatives from CO
2
and Silylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maotong Xu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Maegan S. E. Ong
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Katherine I. Burton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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35
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Synthesis of Urea Derivatives from CO
2
and Silylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:5707-5711. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Guo M, Corona T, Ray K, Nam W. Heme and Nonheme High-Valent Iron and Manganese Oxo Cores in Biological and Abiological Oxidation Reactions. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:13-28. [PMID: 30693322 PMCID: PMC6346628 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of O2 as an abundant and environmentally benign oxidant is of great interest in the design of bioinspired synthetic catalytic oxidation systems. Metalloenzymes activate O2 by employing earth-abundant metals and exhibit diverse reactivities in oxidation reactions, including epoxidation of olefins, functionalization of alkane C-H bonds, arene hydroxylation, and syn-dihydroxylation of arenes. Metal-oxo species are proposed as reactive intermediates in these reactions. A number of biomimetic metal-oxo complexes have been synthesized in recent years by activating O2 or using artificial oxidants at iron and manganese centers supported on heme or nonheme-type ligand environments. Detailed reactivity studies together with spectroscopy and theory have helped us understand how the reactivities of these metal-oxygen intermediates are controlled by the electronic and steric properties of the metal centers. These studies have provided important insights into biological reactions, which have contributed to the design of biologically inspired oxidation catalysts containing earth-abundant metals like iron and manganese. In this Outlook article, we survey a few examples of these advances with particular emphasis in each case on the interplay of catalyst design and our understanding of metalloenzyme structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Teresa Corona
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department
of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans
University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Center for
Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Suzhou
Research Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
(LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R.
China
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1423] [Impact Index Per Article: 237.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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Wang F, Chen P, Liu G. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Relay for Asymmetric Radical Transformations. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2036-2046. [PMID: 30183262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The direct transformation of C-H bonds into diverse functional groups represents one of the most atom- and step-economical strategies for organic synthesis and has received substantial attention over the last few decades. Despite recent advances, asymmetric C-H bond functionalizations are less developed, especially asymmetric oxidations of sp3 C-H bonds. Inspired by enzyme (e.g., P450) catalysis, chemists have made great efforts to develop non-enzymatic systems for enantioselective oxidations of sp3 C-H bonds. However, the involvement of highly reactive radical intermediates makes enantioselective transformations extremely challenging. In this Account, we present our recent studies on the enantioselective induction of prochiral benzylic radicals using a chiral bisoxazoline (Box)/Cu catalytic system. This reaction system was developed on the basis of our extensive studies of copper-catalyzed intermolecular alkene difunctionalizations, such as azidotrifluoromethylations, trifluoromethylcyanations, and trifluoromethylarylations. In these reactions, the proposed catalytic cycle starts from the oxidation of the Cu(I) species by the activated Togni-I reagent (via a Lewis acid/base interaction with a silyl reagent or arylboronic acid) through a single electron transfer process. The generated CF3 radical can efficiently add to the alkene, and the resultant carbon-centered radical is subsequently trapped by an active Cu(II) species bearing a nucleophile (e.g., an N3, CN, or Ar moiety) to form a new C-heteroatom or C-C bond and regenerate the Cu(I) catalyst. Kinetic studies of the trifluoromethylarylation of alkenes support a Cu(I/II/III) catalytic cycle in which the carbon radical reacts with the Cu(II) species to form a highly reactive Cu(III) intermediate and its reductive elimination contributes to the final bond formation. This assumption inspired us to explore asymmetric radical transformations by introducing chiral ligands. Enantioselective cyanations and arylations of benzylic radicals have been demonstrated in the presence of chiral Box/Cu(I) catalysts, and a series of asymmetric difunctionalizations of styrenes have been successfully achieved. In addition, by means of the same benzylic radical trapping process, enantioselective decarboxylative cyanations have been demonstrated using a cooperative photocatalysis and copper catalysis system. Compared with radical addition and decarboxylative processes, hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) provides direct and facile access to benzylic radicals. By using bisbenzenesulfonimidyl radical for HAA, our group has developed an enantioselective cyanation of benzylic C-H bonds via a copper-catalyzed radical relay, and excellent reactivity and enantioselectivity were achieved in the presence of chiral Box/Cu(I) catalysts. In addition, a regioselective benzylic C-H bond arylation proceeding through a similar process was also developed, providing simple access to 1,1-diarylalkanes. Notably, alkyl arenes were used as the limiting reagent in these reactions, which allowed the late-stage functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds in complex molecules, including natural products, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Burmistrov VV, Butov GM. Synthesis and Properties of N-[R-Adamantan-1(2)-yl]-N′-(2-fluorophenyl)ureas—Target-Oriented Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428018090063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Liu CG, Chu YJ. Activation mechanism of hydrogen peroxide by a divanadium-substituted polyoxometalate [γ-PV 2W 10O 38(μ-OH) 2] 3-: A computational study. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:56-67. [PMID: 30077051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper, the reaction mechanism corresponding to activation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by a divanadium-substituted polyoxometalate (POM) [γ-PV2W10O38(μ-OH)2]3- (I) to form catalytic active species, peroxo complex [γ-PV2W10O38(μ-η2,η2-O2)]3- (III), was studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) calculations method with B3LYP functional. The results indicate that coordination of H2O2 to I proceeds via a vanadium-center-assisted proton transfer pathway to remove the first water molecule and form a hydroperoxy intermediate [γ-PV2W10O38(μ-OH) (μ-OOH)]3- (II). And intermediate II occurs through three successive water-assisted proton transfer steps to remove the second water molecule and finally forms catalytic active species. The calculated overall energy profiles show that coordination of H2O2 to vanadium center requires a proton transfer barrier of about 24 kcal mol-1. A detailed comparison of molecular geometries and electronic structure shows that the catalytic active species has a very interesting structural feature, where a superoxide radical (O2-) was embedded into two vanadium centers, and may be a potential nucleophile. The unique withdrawing electron properties and flexible bonding ability of the γ-Keggin-type POM ligand contribute to the formation of O2- radical. The tunable alternate arrangement of W-O bond series in γ-Keggin-type POM ligand contributes to the flexibility of the γ-Keggin-type POM ligand. Meanwhile, our DFT calculations show a good performance of B3LYP-gauge-independent atomic orbital (IGAIM) method for the calculation of 1H NMR parameters of divanadium-substituted phosphotungstate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, PR China.
| | - Yun-Jie Chu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, 132012, PR China
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41
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Lane EM, Hazari N, Bernskoetter WH. Iron-catalyzed urea synthesis: dehydrogenative coupling of methanol and amines. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4003-4008. [PMID: 29780531 PMCID: PMC5944220 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00775f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted ureas have numerous applications but their synthesis typically requires the use of highly toxic starting materials. Herein we describe the first base-metal catalyst for the selective synthesis of symmetric ureas via the dehydrogenative coupling of methanol with primary amines. Using a pincer supported iron catalyst, a range of ureas was generated with isolated yields of up to 80% (corresponding to a catalytic turnover of up to 160) and with H2 as the sole byproduct. Mechanistic studies indicate a stepwise pathway beginning with methanol dehydrogenation to give formaldehyde, which is trapped by amine to afford a formamide. The formamide is then dehydrogenated to produce a transient isocyanate, which reacts with another equivalent of amine to form a urea. These mechanistic insights enabled the development of an iron-catalyzed method for the synthesis of unsymmetric ureas from amides and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Lane
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , RI 02912 , USA
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , CT 06511 , USA
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42
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Huang X, Groves JT. Oxygen Activation and Radical Transformations in Heme Proteins and Metalloporphyrins. Chem Rev 2018; 118:2491-2553. [PMID: 29286645 PMCID: PMC5855008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the adaptation of life to an aerobic environment, nature has evolved a panoply of metalloproteins for oxidative metabolism and protection against reactive oxygen species. Despite the diverse structures and functions of these proteins, they share common mechanistic grounds. An open-shell transition metal like iron or copper is employed to interact with O2 and its derived intermediates such as hydrogen peroxide to afford a variety of metal-oxygen intermediates. These reactive intermediates, including metal-superoxo, -(hydro)peroxo, and high-valent metal-oxo species, are the basis for the various biological functions of O2-utilizing metalloproteins. Collectively, these processes are called oxygen activation. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of these reactive intermediates has come from the study of heme-containing proteins and related metalloporphyrin compounds. These studies not only have deepened our understanding of various functions of heme proteins, such as O2 storage and transport, degradation of reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, and biological oxygenation, etc., but also have driven the development of bioinorganic chemistry and biomimetic catalysis. In this review, we survey the range of O2 activation processes mediated by heme proteins and model compounds with a focus on recent progress in the characterization and reactivity of important iron-oxygen intermediates. Representative reactions initiated by these reactive intermediates as well as some context from prior decades will also be presented. We will discuss the fundamental mechanistic features of these transformations and delineate the underlying structural and electronic factors that contribute to the spectrum of reactivities that has been observed in nature as well as those that have been invented using these paradigms. Given the recent developments in biocatalysis for non-natural chemistries and the renaissance of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, we envision that new enzymatic and synthetic transformations will emerge based on the radical processes mediated by metalloproteins and their synthetic analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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43
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Więcław MM, Stecko S. Hydrozirconation of C=X Functionalities with Schwartz's Reagent. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michał M. Więcław
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Sebastian Stecko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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44
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Li G, Dilger AK, Cheng PT, Ewing WR, Groves JT. Selective C−H Halogenation with a Highly Fluorinated Manganese Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:1251-1255. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | - Peter T. Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | | | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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45
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Li G, Dilger AK, Cheng PT, Ewing WR, Groves JT. Selective C−H Halogenation with a Highly Fluorinated Manganese Porphyrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | - Andrew K. Dilger
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | - Peter T. Cheng
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | - William R. Ewing
- Bristol-Myers Squibb; P. O. Box 5400 Princeton NJ 08543-5400 USA
| | - John T. Groves
- Department of Chemistry; Princeton University; Princeton NJ 08544 USA
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