1
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Han H, Peng S, Wang Q, Wang H, Wang P, Li C, Qi J, Liu C. Biochemical characterization of a multiple prenyltransferase from Tolypocladium inflatum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:275. [PMID: 38530470 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Prenylation plays a pivotal role in the diversification and biological activities of natural products. This study presents the functional characterization of TolF, a multiple prenyltransferase from Tolypocladium inflatum. The heterologous expression of tolF in Aspergillus oryzae, coupled with feeding the transformed strain with paxilline, resulted in the production of 20- and 22-prenylpaxilline. Additionally, TolF demonstrated the ability to prenylated the reduced form of paxilline, β-paxitriol. A related prenyltransferase TerF from Chaunopycnis alba, exhibited similar substrate tolerance and regioselectivity. In vitro enzyme assays using purified recombinant enzymes TolF and TerF confirmed their capacity to catalyze prenylation of paxilline, β-paxitriol, and terpendole I. Based on previous reports, terpendole I should be considered a native substrate. This work not only enhances our understanding of the molecular basis and product diversity of prenylation reactions in indole diterpene biosynthesis, but also provides insights into the potential of fungal indole diterpene prenyltransferase to alter their position specificities for prenylation. This could be applicable for the synthesis of industrially useful compounds, including bioactive compounds, thereby opening up new avenues for the development of novel biosynthetic strategies and pharmaceuticals. KEY POINTS: • The study characterizes TolF as a multiple prenyltransferase from Tolypocladium inflatum. • TerF from Chaunopycnis alba shows similar substrate tolerance and regioselectivity compared to TolF. • The research offers insights into the potential applications of fungal indole diterpene prenyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jianzhao Qi
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Enzyme and Enzyme-Like Material Engineering of Heilongjiang, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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2
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Champagne SE, Chiang CH, Gemmel PM, Brooks CL, Narayan ARH. Biocatalytic Stereoselective Oxidation of 2-Arylindoles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2728-2735. [PMID: 38237569 PMCID: PMC11214688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
3-Hydroxyindolenines can be used to access several structural motifs that are featured in natural products and pharmaceutical compounds, yet the chemical synthesis of 3-hydroxyindolenines is complicated by overoxidation, rearrangements, and complex product mixtures. The selectivity possible in enzymatic reactions can overcome these challenges and deliver enantioenriched products. Herein, we present the development of an asymmetric biocatalytic oxidation of 2-arylindole substrates aided by a curated library of flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FDMOs) sampled from an ancestral sequence space, a sequence similarity network, and a deep-learning-based latent space model. From this library of FDMOs, a previously uncharacterized enzyme, Champase, from the Valley fever fungus, Coccidioides immitis strain RS, was found to stereoselectively catalyze the oxidation of a variety of substituted indole substrates. The promiscuity of this enzyme is showcased by the oxidation of a wide variety of substituted 2-arylindoles to afford the respective 3-hydroxyindolenine products in moderate to excellent yields and up to 95:5 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Champagne
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Chang-Hwa Chiang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Philipp M. Gemmel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Charles L. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Enhanced Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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3
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Han W, Wu Z, Zhong Z, Williams J, Jacobsen SE, Sun Z, Tang Y. Assessing the Biosynthetic Inventory of the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37471583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural products biosynthesized from biocontrol fungi in the rhizosphere can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on plants. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from the widely used biocontrol fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 (ThT22). This fungus encodes at least 64 BGCs, yet only seven compounds and four BGCs were previously characterized or mined. We correlated 21 BGCs of ThT22 with known primary and secondary metabolites through homologous BGC comparison and characterized one unknown BGC involved in the biosynthesis of eujavanicol A using heterologous expression. In addition, we performed untargeted transcriptomics and metabolic analysis to demonstrate the activation of silent ThT22 BGCs via the "one strain many compound" (OSMAC) approach. Collectively, our analysis showcases the biosynthetic capacity of ThT22 and paves the way for fully exploring the roles of natural products of ThT22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhongshou Wu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven E Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zuodong Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Bundela R, Cameron RC, Singh AJ, McLellan RM, Richardson AT, Berry D, Nicholson MJ, Parker EJ. Generation of Alternate Indole Diterpene Architectures in Two Species of Aspergilli. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2754-2758. [PMID: 36710518 PMCID: PMC9913125 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The significant structural diversity and potent bioactivity of the fungal indole diterpenes (IDTs) has attracted considerable interest in their biosynthesis. Although substantial skeletal diversity is generated by the action of noncanonical terpene cyclases, comparatively little is known about these enzymes, particularly those involved in the generation of the subgroup containing emindole SA and DA, which show alternate terpenoid skeletons. Here, we describe the IDT biosynthetic machinery generating these unusual IDT architectures from Aspergillus striatus and Aspergillus desertorum. The function of four putative cyclases was interrogated via heterologous expression. Two specific cyclases were identified that catalyze the formation of epimers emindole SA and DA from A. striatus and A. desertorum, respectively. These cyclases are both clustered along with all the elements required for basic IDT biosynthesis yet catalyze an unusual Markovnikov-like cyclization cascade with alternate stereochemical control. Their identification reveals that these alternate architectures are not generated by mechanistically sloppy or promiscuous enzymes, but by cyclases capable of delivering precise regio- and stereospecificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranuj Bundela
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Rosannah C. Cameron
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - A. Jonathan Singh
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Rose M. McLellan
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Alistair T. Richardson
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Berry
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J. Nicholson
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Emily J. Parker
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University
of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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5
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Ozaki T, Minami A, Oikawa H. Biosynthesis of indole diterpenes: a reconstitution approach in a heterologous host. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:202-213. [PMID: 36321441 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00031h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to 2022In this review, we provide an overview elucidating the biosynthetic pathway and heterologous production of fungal indole diterpenes (IDTs). Based on the studies of six IDT biosynthesis, we extracted nature's strategy: (1) two-stage synthesis for the core scaffold and platform intermediates, and (2) late-stage modifications for installing an additional cyclic system on the indole ring. Herein, we describe reconstitution studies applying this strategy to the synthesis of highly elaborated IDTs. We also discuss its potential for future biosynthetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ozaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. .,Innovation Center of Marine Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Zhang L, Wang C, Chen K, Zhong W, Xu Y, Molnár I. Engineering the biosynthesis of fungal nonribosomal peptides. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:62-88. [PMID: 35796260 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00036a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 up to the end of 2021.Fungal nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) and the related polyketide-nonribosomal peptide hybrid products (PK-NRPs) are a prolific source of bioactive compounds, some of which have been developed into essential drugs. The synthesis of these complex natural products (NPs) utilizes nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), multidomain megaenzymes that assemble specific peptide products by sequential condensation of amino acids and amino acid-like substances, independent of the ribosome. NRPSs, collaborating polyketide synthase modules, and their associated tailoring enzymes involved in product maturation represent promising targets for NP structure diversification and the generation of small molecule unnatural products (uNPs) with improved or novel bioactivities. Indeed, reprogramming of NRPSs and recruiting of novel tailoring enzymes is the strategy by which nature evolves NRP products. The recent years have witnessed a rapid development in the discovery and identification of novel NRPs and PK-NRPs, and significant advances have also been made towards the engineering of fungal NRP assembly lines to generate uNP peptides. However, the intrinsic complexities of fungal NRP and PK-NRP biosynthesis, and the large size of the NRPSs still present formidable conceptual and technical challenges for the rational and efficient reprogramming of these pathways. This review examines key examples for the successful (and for some less-successful) re-engineering of fungal NRPS assembly lines to inform future efforts towards generating novel, biologically active peptides and PK-NRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Kang Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Weimao Zhong
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA
| | - Yuquan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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7
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Liu Y, Ozaki T, Minami A, Oikawa H. Oxidative bicyclic ring system formation involving indole diterpene biosynthesis: Remarkable substrate tolerance of a prenyltransferase and flavoprotein oxidase. Tetrahedron Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Richardson AT, Cameron RC, Stevenson LJ, Singh AJ, Lukito Y, Berry D, Nicholson MJ, Parker EJ. Biosynthesis of Nodulisporic Acids: A Multifunctional Monooxygenase Delivers a Complex and Highly Branched Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213364. [PMID: 36199176 PMCID: PMC10098816 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nodulisporic acids (NAs) are structurally complex potent antiinsectan indole diterpenes. We previously reported the biosynthetic gene cluster for these metabolites in Hypoxylon pulicicidum and functionally characterised the first five steps of the biosynthetic pathway. Here we reveal a highly complex biosynthetic array, furnishing multiple end products through expression of cluster components in Penicillium paxilli. We show that seven additional cluster-encoded gene products comprise the biosynthetic machinery that elaborate precursor NAF in this highly branched pathway. The combined action of these enzymes delivers 37 NA congeners including four major end products, NAA, NAA1 , NAA2 and NAA4 . The plethora of intermediates arises due to modification of the carboxylated prenyl tail by a single promiscuous P450 monooxygenase, NodJ, a pivotal branchpoint enzyme which produces four distinct biosynthetic products giving rise to the complex metabolic grid that characterises NA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair T. Richardson
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Rosannah C. Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Luke J. Stevenson
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - A. Jonathan Singh
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Yonathan Lukito
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Daniel Berry
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Matthew J. Nicholson
- Wellington Univentures Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Emily J. Parker
- Ferrier Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington Wellington 6012 New Zealand
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9
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Tao H, Abe I. Harnessing Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases for structural diversification of fungal meroterpenoids. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102763. [PMID: 35878474 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal meroterpenoids are structurally diverse natural products with important biological activities. During their biosynthesis, α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenases (αKG-DOs) catalyze a wide range of chemically challenging transformation reactions, including desaturation, epoxidation, oxidative rearrangement, and endoperoxide formation, by selective C-H bond activation, to produce molecules with more complex and divergent structures. Investigations on the structure-function relationships of αKG-DO enzymes have revealed the intimate molecular bases of their catalytic versatility and reaction mechanisms. Notably, the catalytic repertoire of αKG-DOs is further expanded by only subtle changes in their active site and lid-like loop-region architectures. Owing to their remarkable biocatalytic potential, αKG-DOs are ideal candidates for future chemoenzymatic synthesis and enzyme engineering for the generation of terpenoids with diverse structures and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Schatz DJ, Kuenstner EJ, George DT, Pronin SV. Synthesis of rearranged indole diterpenes of the paxilline type. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:946-968. [PMID: 34931646 PMCID: PMC10122275 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Rearranged indole diterpenes of the paxilline type comprise a large group of fungal metabolites that possess diverse structural features and potentially useful biological effects. The unique indoloterpenoid motif, which is common to all congeners, was first confirmed by crystallographic studies of paxilline. This family of natural products has fascinated organic chemists for the past four decades and has inspired numerous syntheses and synthetic approaches. The present review highlights efforts that have laid the foundation and introduced new directions to this field of natural product synthesis. The introduction includes a summary of biosynthetic considerations and biological activities, the main body of the manuscript provides a detailed discussion of selected syntheses, and the review concludes with a brief outlook on the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Eric J Kuenstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
| | - David T George
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Sergey V Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
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11
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McLellan RM, Cameron RC, Nicholson MJ, Parker EJ. Aminoacylation of Indole Diterpenes by Cluster-Specific Monomodular NRPS-like Enzymes. Org Lett 2022; 24:2332-2337. [PMID: 35315670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Decoration of the core scaffolds of indole diterpene (IDT) natural products is key to generating structural and bioactivity diversity. Aminoacylation as a tailoring step is rarely linked to terpene biosynthesis and is extremely rare in IDT biosynthesis. Through heterologous pathway reconstruction, we have illuminated the genetic and biochemical basis for the only reported examples of aminoacylation in IDT biosynthesis, demonstrating the unusual involvement of monomodular nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like enzymes in IDT decoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M McLellan
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Rosannah C Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Nicholson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Emily J Parker
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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12
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Roux I, Bowles S, Kalaitzis JA, Vuong D, Lacey E, Chooi YH, Piggott AM. Characterisation and heterologous biosynthesis of burnettiene A, a new polyene-decalin polyketide from Aspergillus burnettii. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9506-9513. [PMID: 34714309 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01766g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exploration of the recently described Australian fungus, Aspergillus burnettii, uncovered a new metabolite, burnettiene A. Here, we characterise the structure of burnettiene A as a polyene-decalin polyketide. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of A. burnettii identified a putative biosynthetic gene cluster for burnettiene A (bue), consisting of eight genes and sharing similarity to the fusarielin gene cluster. Introduction of the reassembled bue gene cluster into Aspergillus nidulans for heterologous expression resulted in the production of burnettiene A under native promoters. Omission of bueE encoding a cytochrome P450 led to the production of preburnettiene A, confirming that BueE is responsible for catalysing the regiospecific multi-oxidation of terminal methyl groups to carboxylic acids. Similarly, bueF was shown to encode an ester-forming methyltransferase, with its omission resulting in the production of the tricarboxylic acid, preburnettiene B. Introduction of an additional copy of the transcription factor bueR under the regulation of the gpdA promoter significantly improved the heterologous production of the burnettienes. Burnettiene A displayed strong in vitro cytotoxicity against mouse myeloma NS-1 cells (MIC 0.8 μg mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Roux
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Simon Bowles
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - John A Kalaitzis
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty. Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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13
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Chaiyosang B, Kanokmedhakul K, Yodsing N, Boonlue S, Yang JX, Wang YA, Andersen RJ, Yahuafai J, Kanokmedhakul S. Three new indole diterpenoids from Aspergillus aculeatus KKU-CT2. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4973-4981. [PMID: 34096406 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1914613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new indole diterpenoids, aculeatupenes A-C (1-3), together with four known compounds (4-7), were isolated from the mycelium of Aspergillus aculeatus KKU-CT2. Their structures were established by spectroscopic evidence and absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined by comparison of their experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 1, 2, and emindole SB (4) showed weak cytotoxicity against HelaS3, KB, HepG2, MCF-7, and A549 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 11.12-67.81 μM. Compound 3 showed weak cytotoxicity against HelaS3 cell lines with an IC50 value of 17.48 μM but non-cytotoxicity against Vero cell line. In addition, compound 1 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonyanoot Chaiyosang
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Natanong Yodsing
- Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Sophon Boonlue
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jian-Xiong Yang
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yan Alexander Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jantana Yahuafai
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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14
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Kuhnert E, Navarro-Muñoz J, Becker K, Stadler M, Collemare J, Cox R. Secondary metabolite biosynthetic diversity in the fungal family Hypoxylaceae and Xylaria hypoxylon. Stud Mycol 2021; 99:100118. [PMID: 34527085 PMCID: PMC8403587 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To date little is known about the genetic background that drives the production and diversification of secondary metabolites in the Hypoxylaceae. With the recent availability of high-quality genome sequences for 13 representative species and one relative (Xylaria hypoxylon) we attempted to survey the diversity of biosynthetic pathways in these organisms to investigate their true potential as secondary metabolite producers. Manual search strategies based on the accumulated knowledge on biosynthesis in fungi enabled us to identify 783 biosynthetic pathways across 14 studied species, the majority of which were arranged in biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC). The similarity of BGCs was analysed with the BiG-SCAPE engine which organised the BGCs into 375 gene cluster families (GCF). Only ten GCFs were conserved across all of these fungi indicating that speciation is accompanied by changes in secondary metabolism. From the known compounds produced by the family members some can be directly correlated with identified BGCs which is highlighted herein by the azaphilone, dihydroxynaphthalene, tropolone, cytochalasan, terrequinone, terphenyl and brasilane pathways giving insights into the evolution and diversification of those compound classes. Vice versa, products of various BGCs can be predicted through homology analysis with known pathways from other fungi as shown for the identified ergot alkaloid, trigazaphilone, curvupallide, viridicatumtoxin and swainsonine BGCs. However, the majority of BGCs had no obvious links to known products from the Hypoxylaceae or other well-studied biosynthetic pathways from fungi. These findings highlight that the number of known compounds strongly underrepresents the biosynthetic potential in these fungi and that a tremendous number of unidentified secondary metabolites is still hidden. Moreover, with increasing numbers of genomes for further Hypoxylaceae species becoming available, the likelihood of revealing new biosynthetic pathways that encode new, potentially useful compounds will significantly improve. Reaching a better understanding of the biology of these producers, and further development of genetic methods for their manipulation, will be crucial to access their treasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kuhnert
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - J.C. Navarro-Muñoz
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K. Becker
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M. Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Collemare
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R.J. Cox
- Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Institute for Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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15
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Sagita R, Quax WJ, Haslinger K. Current State and Future Directions of Genetics and Genomics of Endophytic Fungi for Bioprospecting Efforts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:649906. [PMID: 33791289 PMCID: PMC8005728 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.649906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioprospecting of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi received great attention in the 1990s and 2000s, when the controversy around taxol production from Taxus spp. endophytes was at its height. Since then, hundreds of reports have described the isolation and characterization of putative secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi. However, only very few studies also report the genetic basis for these phenotypic observations. With low sequencing cost and fast sample turnaround, genetics- and genomics-based approaches have risen to become comprehensive approaches to study natural products from a wide-range of organisms, especially to elucidate underlying biosynthetic pathways. However, in the field of fungal endophyte biology, elucidation of biosynthetic pathways is still a major challenge. As a relatively poorly investigated group of microorganisms, even in the light of recent efforts to sequence more fungal genomes, such as the 1000 Fungal Genomes Project at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI), the basis for bioprospecting of enzymes and pathways from endophytic fungi is still rather slim. In this review we want to discuss the current approaches and tools used to associate phenotype and genotype to elucidate biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi through the lens of bioprospecting. This review will point out the reported successes and shortcomings, and discuss future directions in sampling, and genetics and genomics of endophytic fungi. Identifying responsible biosynthetic genes for the numerous secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi opens the opportunity to explore the genetic potential of producer strains to discover novel secondary metabolites and enhance secondary metabolite production by metabolic engineering resulting in novel and more affordable medicines and food additives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina Haslinger
- Groningen Institute of Pharmacy, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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16
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Becker K, Stadler M. Recent progress in biodiversity research on the Xylariales and their secondary metabolism. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:1-23. [PMID: 33097836 PMCID: PMC7732752 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The families Xylariaceae and Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) represent one of the most prolific lineages of secondary metabolite producers. Like many other fungal taxa, they exhibit their highest diversity in the tropics. The stromata as well as the mycelial cultures of these fungi (the latter of which are frequently being isolated as endophytes of seed plants) have given rise to the discovery of many unprecedented secondary metabolites. Some of those served as lead compounds for development of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Recently, the endophytic Xylariales have also come in the focus of biological control, since some of their species show strong antagonistic effects against fungal and other pathogens. New compounds, including volatiles as well as nonvolatiles, are steadily being discovered from these ascomycetes, and polythetic taxonomy now allows for elucidation of the life cycle of the endophytes for the first time. Moreover, recently high-quality genome sequences of some strains have become available, which facilitates phylogenomic studies as well as the elucidation of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) as a starting point for synthetic biotechnology approaches. In this review, we summarize recent findings, focusing on the publications of the past 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Becker
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
Covering: up to July 2020Fungal meroterpenoid cyclases are a recently discovered emerging family of membrane-integrated, non-canonical terpene cyclases. They catalyze the conversion of hybrid isoprenic precursors towards complex scaffolds and are therefore of great importance in the structure diversification in meroterpenoid biosynthesis. The products of these pathways exhibit intriguing molecular scaffolds and highly potent bioactivities, making them privileged structures from Nature and attractive candidates for drug development or industrial applications. This review will provide a comprehensive and comparative view on fungal meroterpenoid cyclases, their intriguing chemistries and importance for the scaffold formation step towards polycyclic meroterpenoid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Barra
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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18
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Green KA, Berry D, Feussner K, Eaton CJ, Ram A, Mesarich CH, Solomon P, Feussner I, Scott B. Lolium perenne apoplast metabolomics for identification of novel metabolites produced by the symbiotic fungus Epichloë festucae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:559-571. [PMID: 32155669 PMCID: PMC7317419 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Epichloë festucae is an endophytic fungus that forms a symbiotic association with Lolium perenne. Here we analysed how the metabolome of the ryegrass apoplast changed upon infection of this host with sexual and asexual isolates of E. festucae. A metabolite fingerprinting approach was used to analyse the metabolite composition of apoplastic wash fluid from uninfected and infected L. perenne. Metabolites enriched or depleted in one or both of these treatments were identified using a set of interactive tools. A genetic approach in combination with tandem MS was used to identify a novel product of a secondary metabolite gene cluster. Metabolites likely to be present in the apoplast were identified using MarVis in combination with the BioCyc and KEGG databases, and an in-house Epichloë metabolite database. We were able to identify the known endophyte-specific metabolites, peramine and epichloëcyclins, as well as a large number of unknown markers. To determine whether these methods can be applied to the identification of novel Epichloë-derived metabolites, we deleted a gene encoding a NRPS (lgsA) that is highly expressed in planta. Comparative MS analysis of apoplastic wash fluid from wild-type- vs mutant-infected plants identified a novel Leu/Ile glycoside metabolite present in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Green
- School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
- Bioprotection Research CentreMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Daniel Berry
- School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
- Bioprotection Research CentreMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Department of Plant BiochemistryAlbrecht von Haller Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenD‐37077GoettingenGermany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and LipidomicsGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GoettingenD‐37077GoettingenGermany
| | - Carla J. Eaton
- School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
- Bioprotection Research CentreMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Arvina Ram
- School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Carl H. Mesarich
- Bioprotection Research CentreMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
| | - Peter Solomon
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT0200Australia
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant BiochemistryAlbrecht von Haller Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenD‐37077GoettingenGermany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and LipidomicsGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GoettingenD‐37077GoettingenGermany
- Department of Plant BiochemistryGoettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)University of GoettingenD‐37077GoettingenGermany
| | - Barry Scott
- School of Fundamental SciencesMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
- Bioprotection Research CentreMassey UniversityPalmerston North4442New Zealand
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19
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High quality genome sequences of thirteen Hypoxylaceae (Ascomycota) strengthen the phylogenetic family backbone and enable the discovery of new taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota) is a diverse family of mainly saprotrophic fungi, which commonly occur in angiosperm-dominated forests around the world. Despite their importance in forest and plant ecology as well as a prolific source of secondary metabolites and enzymes, genome sequences of related taxa are scarce and usually derived from environmental isolates. To address this lack of knowledge thirteen taxonomically well-defined representatives of the family and one member of the closely related Xylariaceae were genome sequenced using combinations of Illumina and Oxford nanopore technologies or PacBio sequencing. The workflow leads to high quality draft genome sequences with an average N50 of 3.0 Mbp. A backbone phylogenomic tree was calculated based on the amino acid sequences of 4912 core genes reflecting the current accepted taxonomic concept of the Hypoxylaceae. A Percentage of Conserved Proteins (POCP) analysis revealed that 70% of the proteins are conserved within the family, a value with potential application for the definition of family boundaries within the order Xylariales. Also, Hypomontagnella spongiphila is proposed as a new marine derived lineage of Hypom. monticulosa based on in-depth genomic comparison and morphological differences of the cultures. The results showed that both species share 95% of their genes corresponding to more than 700 strain-specific proteins. This difference is not reflected by standard taxonomic assessments (morphology of sexual and asexual morph, chemotaxonomy, phylogeny), preventing species delimitation based on traditional concepts. Genetic changes are likely to be the result of environmental adaptations and selective pressure, the driving force of speciation. These data provide an important starting point for the establishment of a stable phylogeny of the Xylariales; they enable studies on evolution, ecological behavior and biosynthesis of natural products; and they significantly advance the taxonomy of fungi.
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20
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Rudolf JD, Chang CY. Terpene synthases in disguise: enzymology, structure, and opportunities of non-canonical terpene synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:425-463. [PMID: 31650156 PMCID: PMC7101268 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00051h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to July 2019 Terpene synthases (TSs) are responsible for generating much of the structural diversity found in the superfamily of terpenoid natural products. These elegant enzymes mediate complex carbocation-based cyclization and rearrangement cascades with a variety of electron-rich linear and cyclic substrates. For decades, two main classes of TSs, divided by how they generate the reaction-triggering initial carbocation, have dominated the field of terpene enzymology. Recently, several novel and unconventional TSs that perform TS-like reactions but do not resemble canonical TSs in sequence or structure have been discovered. In this review, we identify 12 families of non-canonical TSs and examine their sequences, structures, functions, and proposed mechanisms. Nature provides a wide diversity of enzymes, including prenyltransferases, methyltransferases, P450s, and NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases, as well as completely new enzymes, that utilize distinctive reaction mechanisms for TS chemistry. These unique non-canonical TSs provide immense opportunities to understand how nature evolved different tools for terpene biosynthesis by structural and mechanistic characterization while affording new probes for the discovery of novel terpenoid natural products and gene clusters via genome mining. With every new discovery, the dualistic paradigm of TSs is contradicted and the field of terpene chemistry and enzymology continues to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
| | - Chin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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21
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Deng H, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Advanced strategy for metabolite exploration in filamentous fungi. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:180-198. [PMID: 31906740 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1709798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi comprise an abundance of gene clusters that encode high-value metabolites, whereas affluent gene clusters remain silent during laboratory conditions. Complex cellular metabolism further limits these metabolite yields. Therefore, diverse strategies such as genetic engineering and chemical mutagenesis have been developed to activate these cryptic pathways and improve metabolite productivity. However, lower efficiencies of gene modifications and screen tools delayed the above processes. To address the above issues, this review describes an alternative design-construction evaluation optimization (DCEO) approach. The DCEO tool provides theoretical and practical principles to identify potential pathways, modify endogenous pathways, integrate exogenous pathways, and exploit novel pathways for their diverse metabolites and desirable productivities. This DCEO method also offers different tactics to balance the cellular metabolisms, facilitate the genetic engineering, and exploit the scalable metabolites in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Tanifuji R, Minami A, Oguri H, Oikawa H. Total synthesis of alkaloids using both chemical and biochemical methods. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1098-1121. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize structurally complex natural alkaloids (tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotics, indole diterpenes, and monoterpene indole alkaloids) has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanifuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Division of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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23
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Ludlow EJ, Vassiliadis S, Ekanayake PN, Hettiarachchige IK, Reddy P, Sawbridge TI, Rochfort SJ, Spangenberg GC, Guthridge KM. Analysis of the Indole Diterpene Gene Cluster for Biosynthesis of the Epoxy-Janthitrems in Epichloë Endophytes. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110560. [PMID: 31766147 PMCID: PMC6921081 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy-janthitrems are a class of indole diterpenes with structural similarity to lolitrem B. Two taxa of asexual Epichloë endophytes have been reported to produce epoxy-janthitrems, LpTG-3 (Lolium perenne Taxonomic Group 3; e.g., NEA12) and LpTG-4 (e.g., E1). Epichloë epoxy-janthitrems are not well understood, the biosynthetic pathway and associated gene complement have not been described and while the literature suggests they are associated with superior protection against pasture insect pests and are tremorgenic in grazing mammals, these properties have not been confirmed using isolated and purified compounds. Whole genome sequence analysis was used to identify candidate genes for epoxy-janthitrem biosynthesis that are unique to epoxy-janthitrem producing strains of Epichloë. A gene, jtmD, was identified with homology to aromatic prenyl transferases involved in synthesis of indole diterpenes. The location of the epoxy-janthitrem biosynthesis gene cluster (JTM locus) was determined in the assembled nuclear genomes of NEA12 and E1. The JTM locus contains cluster 1 and cluster 2 of the lolitrem B biosynthesis gene cluster (LTM locus), as well as four genes jtmD, jtmO, jtm01, and jtm02 that are unique to Epichloë spp. that produce epoxy-janthitrems. Expression of each of the genes identified was confirmed using transcriptome analysis of perennial ryegrass-NEA12 and perennial ryegrass-E1 symbiota. Sequence analysis confirmed the genes are functionally similar to those involved in biosynthesis of related indole diterpene compounds. RNAi silencing of jtmD and in planta assessment in host-endophyte associations confirms the role of jtmD in epoxy-janthitrem production. Using LCMS/MS technologies, a biosynthetic pathway for the production of epoxy-janthitrems I-IV in Epichloë endophytes is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Ludlow
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Simone Vassiliadis
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Piyumi N. Ekanayake
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Inoka K. Hettiarachchige
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Priyanka Reddy
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
| | - Tim I. Sawbridge
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Simone J. Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - German C. Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Kathryn M. Guthridge
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; (E.J.L.); (S.V.); (P.N.E.); (I.K.H.); (P.R.); (T.I.S.); (S.J.R.); (G.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Sir EB, Becker K, Lambert C, Bills GF, Kuhnert E. Observations on Texas hypoxylons, including two new Hypoxylon species and widespread environmental isolates of the H. croceum complex identified by a polyphasic approach. Mycologia 2019; 111:832-856. [PMID: 31460851 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1637705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new species and a new combination of Hypoxylon from Texas were identified and described based on morphological, multigene phylogenetic (ITS [nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2], 28S [5' 1200 bp of nuc 28S rDNA], RPB2 [partial second largest subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II], TUB2 [partial β-tubulin]), and chemotaxonomic data. Hypoxylon olivaceopigmentum is characterized by its pulvinate to glomerate stromata, olivaceous KOH-extractable pigments, equilateral ascospores, and indehiscent perispore. Hypoxylon texense can be distinguished from morphologically similar species by its rust to dark brick KOH-extractable pigments and the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profile of its stromatal secondary metabolites. Hypoxylon hinnuleum is proposed as the sexual morph of Nodulisporium hinnuleum, featuring dark vinaceous glomerate stromata with dark brick KOH-extractable pigments composed of cohaerin-type azaphilones and smooth equilateral ascospores with indehiscent perispore. Based on these diagnostic characters, H. hinnuleum forms a complex with H. croceum and H. minicroceum. More than 50 ITS sequences with high identity originating from North American and East Asian environmental isolates formed a well-supported clade with the type of N. hinnuleum, demonstrating the widespread distribution of the species complex. In addition, updated descriptions and comprehensive illustrations with detailed information on the diagnostic features of H. fendleri and H. perforatum are provided. The multilocus phylogenetic reconstruction of Hypoxylon supported the status of the new species and broadened the knowledge about intergeneric relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban B Sir
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal-INBIOFIV (CONICET-UNT) , San Miguel de Tucumán , Argentina.,Laboratorio Criptogámico, Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán , Argentina
| | - Kevin Becker
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig , 38124 Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Gerald F Bills
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , Texas 77054
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover , Hannover , 30167 , Germany
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25
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Helaly SE, Thongbai B, Stadler M. Diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites from endophytic and saprotrophic fungi of the ascomycete order Xylariales. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:992-1014. [PMID: 29774351 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to December 2017 The diversity of secondary metabolites in the fungal order Xylariales is reviewed with special emphasis on correlations between chemical diversity and biodiversity as inferred from recent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies. The Xylariales are arguably among the predominant fungal endophytes, which are the producer organisms of pharmaceutical lead compounds including the antimycotic sordarins and the antiparasitic nodulisporic acids, as well as the marketed drug, emodepside. Many Xylariales are "macromycetes", which form conspicuous fruiting bodies (stromata), and the metabolite profiles that are predominant in the stromata are often complementary to those encountered in corresponding mycelial cultures of a given species. Secondary metabolite profiles have recently been proven highly informative as additional parameters to support classical morphology and molecular phylogenetic approaches in order to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among these fungi. Even the recent taxonomic rearrangement of the Xylariales has been relying on such approaches, since certain groups of metabolites seem to have significance at the species, genus or family level, respectively, while others are only produced in certain taxa and their production is highly dependent on the culture conditions. The vast metabolic diversity that may be encountered in a single species or strain is illustrated based on examples like Daldinia eschscholtzii, Hypoxylon rickii, and Pestalotiopsis fici. In the future, it appears feasible to increase our knowledge of secondary metabolite diversity by embarking on certain genera that have so far been neglected, as well as by studying the volatile secondary metabolites more intensively. Methods of bioinformatics, phylogenomics and transcriptomics, which have been developed to study other fungi, are readily available for use in such scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soleiman E Helaly
- Dept Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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26
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Van de Bittner KC, Cameron RC, Bustamante LY, Bundela R, Kessans SA, Vorster J, Nicholson MJ, Parker EJ. Nodulisporic acid E biosynthesis: in vivo characterisation of NodD1, an indole-diterpene prenyltransferase that acts on an emindole SB derived indole-diterpene scaffold. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1160-1164. [PMID: 31391888 PMCID: PMC6640557 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00143c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenylation of aromatic compounds is a key tailoring reaction in biosynthesis of bioactive indole-diterpenes. Here, we identify NodD1 as the enzyme responsible for the bisprenylation of nodulisporic acid F. This prenyltransferase showed a preference for its natural indole-diterpene substrate whereas other related enzymes were not able to catalyse this conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Van de Bittner
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Kelburn , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand . ;
| | - Rosannah C Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Kelburn , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand . ;
| | - Leyla Y Bustamante
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Kelburn , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand . ;
| | - Rudranuj Bundela
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Kelburn , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand . ;
| | - Sarah A Kessans
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences , University of Canterbury , PO Box 4800 , Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Jan Vorster
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Victoria University of Wellington , PO Box 6012 , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Matthew J Nicholson
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Kelburn , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand . ;
| | - Emily J Parker
- Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Kelburn , Wellington 6012 , New Zealand . ;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , New Zealand
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27
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Bock J, Daniliuc CG, Hennecke U. Stable Bromiranium Ion Salts as Reagents for Biomimetic Indole Terpenoid Cyclizations. Org Lett 2019; 21:1704-1707. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bock
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnssstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnssstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnssstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Organic Chemistry Research Group, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium
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28
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Kozák L, Szilágyi Z, Tóth L, Pócsi I, Molnár I. Tremorgenic and neurotoxic paspaline-derived indole-diterpenes: biosynthetic diversity, threats and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:1599-1616. [PMID: 30613899 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-09594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Indole-diterpenes (IDTs) such as the aflatrems, janthitrems, lolitrems, paspalitrems, penitrems, shearinines, sulpinines, and terpendoles are biogenetically related but structurally varied tremorgenic and neurotoxic mycotoxins produced by fungi. All these metabolites derive from the biosynthetic intermediate paspaline, a frequently occurring IDT on its own right. In this comprehensive review, we highlight the similarities and differences of the IDT biosynthetic pathways that lead to the generation of the main paspaline-derived IDT subgroups. We survey the taxonomic distribution and the regulation of IDT production in various fungi and compare the organization of the known IDT biosynthetic gene clusters. A detailed assessment of the highly diverse biological activities of these mycotoxins leads us to emphasize the significant losses that paspaline-derived IDTs cause in agriculture, and compels us to warn about the various hazards they represent towards human and livestock health. Conversely, we also describe the potential utility of these versatile molecules as lead compounds for pharmaceutical drug discovery, and examine the prospects for their industrial scale manufacture in genetically manipulated IDT producers or domesticated host microorganisms in synthetic biological production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Kozák
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Teva Pharmaceutical Works Ltd., Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - László Tóth
- Teva Pharmaceutical Works Ltd., Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Pócsi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - István Molnár
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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29
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Zhou ZZ, Zhu HJ, Lin LP, Zhang X, Ge HM, Jiao RH, Tan RX. Dalmanol biosyntheses require coupling of two separate polyketide gene clusters. Chem Sci 2018; 10:73-82. [PMID: 30746075 PMCID: PMC6335865 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyketide–polyketide hybrids are unique natural products with promising bioactivity, but the hybridization processes remain poorly understood.
Polyketide–polyketide hybrids are unique natural products with promising bioactivity, but the hybridization processes remain poorly understood. Herein, we present that the biosynthetic pathways of two immunosuppressants, dalmanol A and acetodalmanol A, result from an unspecific monooxygenase triggered hybridization of two distinct polyketide (naphthalene and chromane) biosynthetic gene clusters. The orchestration of the functional dimorphism of the polyketide synthase (ChrA) ketoreductase (KR) domain (shortened as ChrA KR) with that of the KR partner (ChrB) in the bioassembly line increases the polyketide diversity and allows the fungal generation of plant chromanes (e.g., noreugenin) and phloroglucinols (e.g., 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone). The simultaneous fungal biosynthesis of 1,3,6,8- and 2-acetyl-1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalenes was addressed as well. Collectively, the work may symbolize a movement in understanding the multiple-gene-cluster involved natural product biosynthesis, and highlights the possible fungal generations of some chromane- and phloroglucinol-based phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Hong Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Li Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China.,State Key Laboratory Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Hui Ming Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Rui Hua Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China .
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Institute of Functional Biomolecules , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , China . .,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , China
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30
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Godfrey NA, Schatz DJ, Pronin SV. Twelve-Step Asymmetric Synthesis of (-)-Nodulisporic Acid C. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12770-12774. [PMID: 30261724 PMCID: PMC6791361 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A short, enantioselective synthesis of (-)-nodulisporic acid C is described. The route features two highly diastereoselective polycyclizations en route to the terpenoid core and the indenopyran fragment and a highly convergent assembly of a challenging indole moiety. Application of this chemistry allows for a 12-step synthesis of the target indoloterpenoid from commercially available material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Godfrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Devon J. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V. Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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31
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Strategies for Engineering Natural Product Biosynthesis in Fungi. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 37:416-427. [PMID: 30316556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are a prolific source of bioactive compounds, some of which have been developed as essential medicines and life-enhancing drugs. Genome sequencing has revealed that fungi have the potential to produce considerably more natural products (NPs) than are typically observed in the laboratory. Recently, there have been significant advances in the identification, understanding, and engineering of fungal biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). This review briefly describes examples of the engineering of fungal NP biosynthesis at the global, pathway, and enzyme level using in vivo and in vitro approaches and refers to the range and scale of heterologous expression systems available, developments in combinatorial biosynthesis, progress in understanding how fungal BGCs are regulated, and the applications of these novel biosynthetic enzymes as biocatalysts.
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32
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Li H, Hu J, Wei H, Solomon PS, Vuong D, Lacey E, Stubbs KA, Piggott AM, Chooi YH. Chemical Ecogenomics-Guided Discovery of Phytotoxic α-Pyrones from the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Parastagonospora nodorum. Org Lett 2018; 20:6148-6152. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jinyu Hu
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Haochen Wei
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Peter S. Solomon
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Daniel Vuong
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Ernest Lacey
- Microbial Screening Technologies Pty Ltd, Smithfield, NSW 2164, Australia
| | - Keith A. Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Piggott
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yit-Heng Chooi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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33
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van Dolleweerd CJ, Kessans SA, Van de Bittner KC, Bustamante LY, Bundela R, Scott B, Nicholson MJ, Parker EJ. MIDAS: A Modular DNA Assembly System for Synthetic Biology. ACS Synth Biol 2018; 7:1018-1029. [PMID: 29620866 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.7b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A modular and hierarchical DNA assembly platform for synthetic biology based on Golden Gate (Type IIS restriction enzyme) cloning is described. This enabling technology, termed MIDAS (for Modular Idempotent DNA Assembly System), can be used to precisely assemble multiple DNA fragments in a single reaction using a standardized assembly design. It can be used to build genes from libraries of sequence-verified, reusable parts and to assemble multiple genes in a single vector, with full user control over gene order and orientation, as well as control of the direction of growth (polarity) of the multigene assembly, a feature that allows genes to be nested between other genes or genetic elements. We describe the detailed design and use of MIDAS, exemplified by the reconstruction, in the filamentous fungus Penicillium paxilli, of the metabolic pathway for production of paspaline and paxilline, key intermediates in the biosynthesis of a range of indole diterpenes-a class of secondary metabolites produced by several species of filamentous fungi. MIDAS was used to efficiently assemble a 25.2 kb plasmid from 21 different modules (seven genes, each composed of three basic parts). By using a parts library-based system for construction of complex assemblies, and a unique set of vectors, MIDAS can provide a flexible route to assembling tailored combinations of genes and other genetic elements, thereby supporting synthetic biology applications in a wide range of expression hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. van Dolleweerd
- Protein Science & Engineering, Callaghan Innovation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Sarah A. Kessans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Kyle C. Van de Bittner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Leyla Y. Bustamante
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Rudranuj Bundela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Barry Scott
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J. Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Emily J. Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, 20 Kirkwood Avenue, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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34
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Filamentous Fungus Hypoxylon pulicicidum ATCC 74245. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/2/e01380-17. [PMID: 29326208 PMCID: PMC5764932 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01380-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxylon pulicicidum strain MF5954 (ATCC 74245) (formerly classified as Nodulisporium sp.) is a filamentous fungal species known for its production of the secondary metabolite nodulisporic acid A. We present here the 41.5-Mb draft genome sequence for this organism.
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35
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Hill RA, Sutherland A. Hot off the press. Nat Prod Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np90008f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as tundrenone from Methylobacter tundripaludum.
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