1
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Vainauskas J, Wahrhaftig-Lewis A, Friščić T. Utilizing "Latent" Carbon: Repositioning Hydrogen-Bonded Synthons and Assemblies via Halogen Bonding to π-Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408053. [PMID: 38779788 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Molecules bearing carboxylic acid, amide, and hydroxyl groups are ubiquitous in crystal engineering, where robust hydrogen-bonded synthons centred on these functionalities enable reliable crystal structure design. We now show that halogen bonding to the carbon π-system of such molecules, traditionally ignored in crystal engineering, permits the recognition and directional assembly of the resulting hydrogen-bonded structural subunits, leaving the archetypal hydrogen-bonded ring, ladder, and chain homosynthons intact, but repositioned in space. When applied to heteromolecular synthons, this enables rearranging more complex hydrogen-bonded motifs and the evolution of binary cocrystals into ternary ones through "latent" carbon-based recognition sites, demonstrating a rational approach to build higher-order solid-state supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogirdas Vainauskas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3 A 0B8, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Tomislav Friščić
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. W., H3 A 0B8, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Yu Gao X, Wang Y, Wu E, Wang C, Li B, Zhou Y, Chen B, Li P. Multivariate Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks with Tunable Permanent Porosities for Capture of a Mustard Gas Simulant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312393. [PMID: 37773007 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Precise synthesis of topologically predictable and discrete molecular crystals with permanent porosities remains a long-term challenge. Here, we report the first successful synthesis of a series of 11 isoreticular multivariate hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (MTV-HOFs) from pyrene-based derivatives bearing -H, -CH3 , -NH2 and -F groups achieved by a shape-fitted, π-π stacking self-assembly strategy. These MTV-HOFs are single-crystalline materials composed of tecton, as verified by single-crystal diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, Raman spectra, water sorption isotherms and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These MTV-HOFs exhibit tunable hydrophobicity with water uptake starting from 50 to 80 % relative humidity, by adjusting the combinations and ratios of functional groups. As a proof of application, the resulting MTV-HOFs were shown to be capable of capturing a mustard gas simulant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) from moisture. The location of different functional groups within the pores of the MTV-HOFs leads to a synergistic effect, which resulted in a superior CEES/H2 O selectivity (up to 94 %) compared to that of the HOFs with only pure component and enhanced breakthrough performance (up to 4000 min/g) when compared to benchmark MOF materials. This work is an important advance in the synthesis of MTV-HOFs, and provides a platform for the development of porous molecular materials for numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Enyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hang-zhou, 310027, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hang-zhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaming Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Banglin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
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3
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Rajbongshi T, Sarmah KK, Das S, Deka P, Saha A, Saha BK, Puschmann H, Reddy CM, Thakuria R. Non-stoichiometric carbamazepine cocrystal hydrates of 3,4-/3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids: coformer-water exchange. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3902-3905. [PMID: 36919569 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06860e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The cocrystallisation of carbamazepine (CBZ) with 3,4-/3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids (34/35DHBA) with different stoichiometries formed molecular alloys, exchanging a water molecule, in their isostructural CBZ dihydrate form. Furthermore, we show a correlation between the mechanical properties of the CBZ-DHBA cocrystals with the amount of coformer present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kashyap Kumar Sarmah
- Department of Chemistry, Behali Degree College, Borgang, Biswanath, 784167, Assam, India
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Poonam Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India.
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Binoy K Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Horst Puschmann
- OlexSys Ltd, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014, India.
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4
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Côté M, Ovens JS, Bryce DL. Anticooperativity and Competition in Some Cocrystals Featuring Iodine-Nitrogen Halogen Bonds. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201221. [PMID: 36688875 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Phenomena such as anticooperativity and competition among non-covalent bond donors and acceptors are key considerations when exploring the polymorphic and stoichiomorphic landscapes of binary and higher-order cocrystalline architectures. We describe the preparation of four cocrystals of 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene with N-heterocyclic compounds, namely acridine, 3-aminopyridine, 4-methylaminopyridine, and 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethane. The cocrystals, which are characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction experiments, all show moderately strong and directional iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen halogen bonds with reduced distance parameters ranging from 0.79 to 0.92 and carbon-iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen bond angles ranging from 165.4(3) to 175.31(7)°. The cocrystal comprising 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene and acridine provides a relatively rare example where all three halogen bond donor sites form halogen bonds with three acceptor molecules, overcoming an anticooperative effect. This effect manifests itself through the lengthening of non-halogen-bonded C-I bonds, weakening their potential to form halogen bonds. The effect is only observed once two halogen bonds have been formed to 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6-triiodobenzene; one such bond does not appear to be adequate. Among the four cocrystals studied, competition between the pyridyl nitrogen atoms and the amine nitrogen atoms suggests that the former are the preferred halogen bond acceptors. Analysis by Hirshfeld fingerprint plots and 13 C and 19 F magic-angle spinning solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides additional insights into the prevalence of various short contacts in the crystal structures and into the spectral response to halogen-bond-induced cocrystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahée Côté
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey S Ovens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David L Bryce
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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5
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DFT calculations predict that inverted geometries at carbon can be stabilized within multi-component co-crystals. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-023-02966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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6
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Khan S, Zahoor M, Rahman MU, Gul Z. Cocrystals; basic concepts, properties and formation strategies. Z PHYS CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2022-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cocrystallization is an old technique and remains the focus of several research groups working in the field of Chemistry and Pharmacy. This technique is basically in field for improving physicochemical properties of material which can be active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or other chemicals with poor profile. So this review article has been presented in order to combine various concepts for scientists working in the field of chemistry, pharmacy or crystal engineering, also it was attempt to elaborate concepts belonging to crystal designing, their structures and applications. A handsome efforts have been made to bring scientists together working in different fields and to make chemistry easier for a pharmacist and pharmacy for chemists pertaining to cocrystals. Various aspects of chemicals being used as co-formers have been explored which predict the formation of co-crystals or molecular salts and even inorganic cocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Khan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Mudassir Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry , Government Degree College Lundkhwar , Mardan 23130 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Zarif Gul
- Department of Chemistry , University of Malakand , Dir Lower 18800 , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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7
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Hashimoto T, Oketani R, Nobuoka M, Seki S, Hisaki I. Single Crystalline, Non-stoichiometric Cocrystals of Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215836. [PMID: 36347770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porous frameworks composed of non-stoichiometrically mixed multicomponent molecules attract much attention from a functional viewpoint. However, their designed preparation and precise structural characterization remain challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that cocrystallization of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)hexahydropyrene and pyrene derivatives (CP-Hp and CP-Py, respectively) yields non-stoichiometric mixed frameworks through networking via hydrogen bonding. The composition ratio of CP-Hp and CP-Py in the framework was determined by single crystalline X-ray crystallographic analysis, indicating that the mixed frameworks were formed over a wide range of composition ratios. Furthermore, microscopic Raman spectroscopy on the single crystal indicates that the components are not uniformly distributed such as ideal solid solution, but are done gradationally or inhomogeneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taito Hashimoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryusei Oketani
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masaki Nobuoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hisaki
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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8
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Néron S, Morency M, Malveau C, Maris T, Iftimie R, Wuest JD. Diphenoquinhydrones and Related Hydrogen-Bonded Charge-Transfer Complexes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15796-15805. [PMID: 36354749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzoquinone and hydroquinone cocrystallize to form quinhydrone, a 1:1 complex with a characteristic structure in which the components are positioned by hydrogen bonds and charge-transfer interactions. We have found that analogous diphenoquinhydrones can be made by combining 4,4'-diphenoquinones with the corresponding 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyls. In addition, mixed diphenoquinhydrones can be assembled from components with different substituents, and mismatched quinhydrones can be made from benzoquinones and dihydroxybiphenyls. In all cases, the components of the resulting structures are linked in alternation by O-H···O hydrogen bonds to form essentially planar chains, which stack to produce layers in which π-donors and π-acceptors are aligned by charge-transfer interactions. Geometric parameters, computational studies, and spectroscopic properties of diphenoquinhydrones show that the key intermolecular interactions are stronger than those in simple quinhydrone analogues. These findings demonstrate that the principles of modular construction underlying the formation of classical quinhydrones can be generalized to produce a broad range of hydrogen-bonded charge-transfer materials in which the components are positioned by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Néron
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Mathieu Morency
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Cédric Malveau
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Thierry Maris
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Radu Iftimie
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - James D Wuest
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
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9
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Chauhan V, Mardia R, Patel M, Suhagia B, Parmar K. Technical and Formulation Aspects of Pharmaceutical Co‐Crystallization: A Systematic Review. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishva Chauhan
- Affiliation: a-ROFEL Shri G.M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy Namdha campus Vapi Gujarat India 396191
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Rajnikant Mardia
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Mehul Patel
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Bhanu Suhagia
- Department of Pharmacy Dharmsinh Desai University Nadiad Gujarat India 387001 Corresponding author: Vishva Chauhan
| | - Komal Parmar
- Affiliation: a-ROFEL Shri G.M. Bilakhia College of Pharmacy Namdha campus Vapi Gujarat India 396191
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10
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Yano Y, Kasai H, Zheng Y, Nishibori E, Hisaeda Y, Ono T. Multicomponent Crystals with Competing Intermolecular Interactions: In Situ X‐ray Diffraction and Luminescent Features Reveal Multimolecular Assembly under Mechanochemical Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203853. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kasai
- Department of Physics Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS) University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Department of Physics Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS) University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Department of Physics Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS) University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8571 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Graduate School of Engineering Center for Molecular Systems (CMS) Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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11
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Yano Y, Kasai H, Zheng Y, Nishibori E, Hisaeda Y, Ono T. Multicomponent Crystals with Competing Intermolecular Interactions: In Situ X‐ray Diffraction and Luminescent Features Reveal Multimolecular Assembly of Mechanochemical Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yano
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Hidetaka Kasai
- University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Department of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS) JAPAN
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Department of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS) JAPAN
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- University of Tsukuba: Tsukuba Daigaku Department of Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS) JAPAN
| | - Yoshio Hisaeda
- Kyushu University: Kyushu Daigaku Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering JAPAN
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Kyushu University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering 744 Motooka, Nishi 819-0395 Fukuoka JAPAN
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12
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Alaa Eldin Refat L, O’Malley C, Simmie JM, McArdle P, Erxleben A. Differences in Coformer Interactions of the 2,4-Diaminopyrimidines Pyrimethamine and Trimethoprim. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:3163-3173. [PMID: 35529062 PMCID: PMC9073935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The identification and study of supramolecular synthons is a fundamental task in the design of pharmaceutical cocrystals. The malaria drug pyrimethamine (pyr) and the antibiotic trimethoprim (tmp) are both 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives, providing the same C-NH2/N=C/C-NH2 and C-NH2/N=C interaction sites. In this article, we analyze and compare the synthons observed in the crystal structures of tmp and pyr cocrystals and molecular salts with sulfamethazine (smz), α-ketoglutaric acid (keto), oxalic acid (ox), sebacic acid (seb), and azeliac acid (az). We show that the same coformer interacts with different binding sites of the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine ring in the respective tmp and pyr cocrystals or binds at the same site but gives H bonding patterns with different graph set notions. Pyr·smz·CH3OH is the first crystal structure in which the interaction of the sulfa drug at the C-NH2/N=C/C-NH2 site with three parallel NH2···N, N···NHsulfonamide, and NH2···O=S H bonds is observed. The main synthon in (tmp+)(keto-).0.5H2O and (tmp+)2(ox2-)·2CH3OH is the motif of fused R 2 1(6) and R 1 2(5) rings instead of the R 2 2(8) motif typically observed in tmp+ and pyr+ carboxylates. Tmp/az is a rare example of cocrystal-salt polymorphism where the two solid-state forms have the same composition, stoichiometry, and main synthon. Theoretical calculations were performed to understand the order of stability, which is tmp·az cocrystal > (tmp+)(az-) salt. Finally, two three-component tmp/sulfa drug/carboxylate cocrystals with a unique ternary synthon are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Alaa Eldin Refat
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ciaran O’Malley
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - John M. Simmie
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Patrick McArdle
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School
of Chemistry, National University of Ireland
Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
- Synthesis
and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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13
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Jiang H, Ye J, Hu P, Zhu S, Liang Y, Cui Z, Kloc C, Hu W. Growth direction dependent separate-channel charge transport in the organic weak charge-transfer co-crystal of anthracene-DTTCNQ. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1057-1067. [PMID: 35048097 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01767e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Co-crystallization is an efficient way of molecular crystal engineering to tune the electronic properties of organic semiconductors. In this work, we synthesized anthracene-4,8-bis(dicyanomethylene)4,8-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']-dithiophene (DTTCNQ) single crystals as a template to study the crystal growth direction dependent charge transport properties and attempted to elucidate the mechanism by proposing a separate-channel charge transport model. Single-crystal anthracene-DTTCNQ field-effect transistors showed that ambipolar transport properties could be observed in all crystal growth directions. Furthermore, upon changing the measured crystal directions, the electronic properties experienced a weak change from n-type dominated ambipolar, balanced ambipolar, to p-type dominated ambipolar properties. The theoretical calculations at density functional theory (DFT) and higher theory levels suggested that the anthracene-DTTCNQ co-crystal motif was a weak charge-transfer complex, in line with the experiment. Furthermore, the detailed theoretical analysis also indicated that electron or hole transport properties originated from separated channels formed by DTTCNQ or anthracene molecules. We thus proposed a novel separate-channel transport mechanism to support additional theoretical analysis and calculations. The joint experimental and theoretical efforts in this work suggest that the engineering of co-crystallization of weak charge-transfer complexes can be a practical approach for achieving tuneable ambipolar charge transport properties by the rational choice of co-crystal formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jun Ye
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 138632, Singapore
| | - Peng Hu
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Christian Kloc
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
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14
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Landeros-Rivera B, Hernández-Trujillo J. Control of Molecular Conformation and Crystal Packing of Biphenyl Derivatives. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100492. [PMID: 34984848 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This Review presents a discussion of the conformation of biphenyl derivatives in different chemical environments. The interplay between aromatic stabilization and steric repulsion, normally considered to explain the conformation of the molecule, is contrasted with the interpretation provided by models not based on molecular orbitals. The electronic control of conformation by means of appropriate hydrogen substitution is discussed by examples taken from chemistry and molecular electronics. Supramolecular synthons involving biphenyl are critically analyzed in terms of the molecular conformation, crystal packing and intermolecular forces. Some directions for future research on the control of the conformation of biphenyls are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Landeros-Rivera
- Sorbonne Université & CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR CNRS 7616, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Jesús Hernández-Trujillo
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Escolar Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
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15
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Salajee A, Morrison C, Erasmus R, Lemmerer A. Polymorphism and photoluminescence seen in (2-amino-5-chloropyridine)·(9-anthracenecarboxylic acid)·(trinitrobenzene). A further example of the salt-cocrystal continuum observed by virtue of isolating multiple crystal forms. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two polymorphic forms of the ternary adduct (2-amino-5-chloropyridine)·(9-anthracenecarboxylic acid)·(trinitrobenzene) were isolated. In both forms 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid displays a charge-transfer interaction with trinitrobenzene and a charge-assisted hydrogen bonding interaction with 2-amino-5-chloropyridine...
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16
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Mandal S, Pal AK, Mandal N, Mukhopadhyay TK, Datta A. Harnessing Noncovalent Interactions for a Directed Evolution of a Six-Component Molecular Crystal. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12584-12591. [PMID: 34738459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Building up on weak orthogonal interactions in supramolecular chemistry, a six-component crystal is designed. Using five distinctly different noncovalent forces, namely, hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, cation-π, anion-π, and ion-pair interactions, three six-component crystals were designed with crown-ether (I), thiourea (II), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-dibromobenzene (III), lone-pair donating anion (IV), ammonium cation (V), and electron-rich aromatic ring (VI). The M06-2X functional which is highly suitable in describing other weak interactions fails for ion-pairs. Tuned range-separated (RS)-DFT calculations are found to be capable in describing the ionic interactions in molecular solids. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the predicted multicomponent crystals are stable at room temperature and reducing the ionic charges for the ion-pairs destabilizes them. The strong electrostatic interactions between the three ion-pairs, NH4+···ClO4-, NH4+···HSO4-, and NH4+···HCO3- is the primary driving force for the stabilization of the six-component crystal. Using a hybrid of strong and weak intermolecular interactions, one may generate exotic molecular complexity like n-component crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Nilangshu Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Titas Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur 700032, West Bengal India
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17
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Thomas R, Thomas SP, Lakhotiya H, Mamakhel AH, Bondesgaard M, Birkedal V, Iversen BB. Tuning of bandgaps and emission properties of light-emitting diode materials through homogeneous alloying in molecular crystals. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12391-12399. [PMID: 34603669 PMCID: PMC8480314 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloy formation is ubiquitous in inorganic materials science, and it strongly depends on the similarity between the alloyed atoms. Since molecules have widely different shapes, sizes and bonding properties, it is highly challenging to make alloyed molecular crystals. Here we report the generation of homogenous molecular alloys of organic light emitting diode materials that leads to tuning in their bandgaps and fluorescence emission. Tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq3) and its Ga, In and Cr analogues (Gaq3, Inq3, and Crq3) form homogeneous mixed crystal phases thereby resulting in binary, ternary and even quaternary molecular alloys. The MxM′(1−x)q3 alloy crystals are investigated using X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy on single crystal samples, and photoluminescence properties are measured on the exact same single crystal specimens. The different series of alloys exhibit distinct trends in their optical bandgaps compared with their parent crystals. In the AlxGa(1−x)q3 alloys the emission wavelengths lie in between those of the parent crystals, while the AlxIn(1−x)q3 and GaxIn(1−x)q3 alloys have red shifts. Intriguingly, efficient fluorescence quenching is observed for the MxCr(1−x)q3 alloys (M = Al, Ga) revealing the effect of paramagnetic molecular doping, and corroborating the molecular scale phase homogeneity. Multicomponent molecular alloy crystals exhibit intriguing effects of tuning and quenching in their photoluminescence, suggesting ‘alloy-crystal engineering’ as a useful design strategy for molecular functional materials.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Thomas
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Sajesh P Thomas
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Harish Lakhotiya
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Aref H Mamakhel
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Martin Bondesgaard
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Victoria Birkedal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNano) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Bo B Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 Aarhus 8000 Denmark
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18
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Ng ZX, Tan D, Teo WL, León F, Shi X, Sim Y, Li Y, Ganguly R, Zhao Y, Mohamed S, García F. Mechanosynthesis of Higher‐Order Cocrystals: Tuning Order, Functionality and Size in Cocrystal Design**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xuan Ng
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Davin Tan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Teo
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Felix León
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
- School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Ying Sim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
- Department of Chemistry Shiv Nadar University NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagard 201314 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry Green Chemistry & Materials Modelling Laboratory Khalifa University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
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19
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Ng ZX, Tan D, Teo WL, León F, Shi X, Sim Y, Li Y, Ganguly R, Zhao Y, Mohamed S, García F. Mechanosynthesis of Higher-Order Cocrystals: Tuning Order, Functionality and Size in Cocrystal Design*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17481-17490. [PMID: 33982390 PMCID: PMC8362154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to rationally design and predictably construct crystalline solids has been the hallmark of crystal engineering research. To date, numerous examples of multicomponent crystals comprising organic molecules have been reported. However, the crystal engineering of cocrystals comprising both organic and inorganic chemical units is still poorly understood and mostly unexplored. Here, we report a new diverse set of higher-order cocrystals (HOCs) based on the structurally versatile-yet largely unexplored-phosph(V/V)azane heterosynthon building block. The novel ternary and quaternary cocrystals reported are held together by synergistic and orthogonal intermolecular interactions. Notably, the HOCs can be readily obtained either via sequential or one-pot mechanochemical methods. Computational modelling methods reveal that the HOCs are thermodynamically driven to form and that their mechanical properties strongly depend on the composition and intermolecular forces in the crystal, offering untapped potential for optimizing material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xuan Ng
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Davin Tan
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Wei Liang Teo
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Felix León
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
- School of Materials and EnergyGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006GuangdongP. R. China
| | - Ying Sim
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
- Department of ChemistryShiv Nadar UniversityNH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagard201314Uttar PradeshIndia
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of ChemistryGreen Chemistry & Materials Modelling LaboratoryKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyP.O. Box 127788Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesDivision of Chemistry and Biological ChemistryNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang Link637371SingaporeSingapore
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20
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Thomas SP, Thomas R, Grønbech TBE, Bondesgaard M, Mamakhel AH, Birkedal V, Iversen BB. Bandgap Tuning in Molecular Alloy Crystals Formed by Weak Chalcogen Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3059-3065. [PMID: 33740368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate systematic tuning in the optical bandgaps of molecular crystals achieved by the generation of molecular alloys/solid solutions of a series of diphenyl dichalcogenides-characterized by weak chalcogen bonding interactions involving S, Se, and Te atoms. Despite the variety in chalcogen bonding interactions found in this series of dichalcogenide crystals, they show isostructural interaction topologies, enabling the formation of solid solutions. The alloy crystals exhibit Vegard's law-like trends of variation in their unit cell dimensions and a nonlinear trend for the variation in optical bandgaps with respect to their compositions. Energy-dispersive X-ray and spatially resolved Raman spectroscopic studies indicate significant homogeneity in the domain structure of the solid solutions. Quantum periodic calculations of the projected density of states provide insights into the bandgap tuning in terms of the mixing of states in the alloy crystal phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajesh P Thomas
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Reshmi Thomas
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjørn E Grønbech
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Martin Bondesgaard
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Aref H Mamakhel
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Victoria Birkedal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNano) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Bo B Iversen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Department of Chemistry and iNano, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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21
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Rajkumar M, Desiraju GR. Quaternary and quinary molecular solids based on structural inequivalence and combinatorial approaches: 2-nitro-resorcinol and 4,6-di-chloro-resorcinol. IUCRJ 2021; 8:178-185. [PMID: 33708395 PMCID: PMC7924232 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520016589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy for the formation of stoichiometric quaternary and non-stoichiometric quinary solids is outlined. A series of 2-nitro-resorcinol-based quaternary cocrystals were developed from binary precursors in two conceptual stages. In the first stage, ternary solids are synthesized based on the structural inequivalence at two recognition sites in the binary. In the second stage, the ternary is homologated into a stoichiometric quaternary based on the same concept. Any cocrystal without an inequivalence becomes a synthetic dead end. The combinatorial approach involves lower cocrystal systems with different structural environments and preferred synthon selection from a synthon library in solution. Such are the stepping stones for the isolation of higher cocrystals. In addition, a quaternary cocrystal of 4,6-di-chloro-resorcinol is described wherein an unusual synthon is observed with two resorcinol molecules in a closed loop with two different ditopic bases. The concept of the virtual synthon in binaries with respect to isolated ternaries is validated for the 4,6-di-chloro-resorcinol system. It is possible that only some binary systems are amenable to homologation into higher cocrystals. The reasons for this could have to do with the existence of preferred synthon modules, in other words, the critical components of the putative higher assembly that cannot be altered. Addition of the third and fourth component might be more flexible, and the choices of these com-ponents, possible from a larger pool of chemically related molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Rajkumar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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22
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Abstract
Organic charge-transfer cocrystals (CTCs) have attracted significant research attention due to their wide range of potential applications in organic optoelectronic devices, organic magnetic devices, organic energy devices, pharmaceutical industry, etc. The physical properties of organic charge transfer cocrystals can be tuned not only by changing the donor and acceptor molecules, but also by varying the stoichiometry between the donor and the acceptor. However, the importance of the stoichiometry on tuning the properties of CTCs has still been underestimated. In this review, single-crystal growth methods of organic CTCs with different stoichiometries are first introduced, and their physical properties, including the degree of charge transfer, electrical conductivity, and field-effect mobility, are then discussed. Finally, a perspective of this research direction is provided to give the readers a general understanding of the concept.
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23
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Xu L, Lee S, Lin X, Ledbetter L, Worku M, Lin H, Zhou C, Liu H, Plaviak A, Ma B. Multicomponent Organic Metal Halide Hybrid with White Emissions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14120-14123. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Logan Ledbetter
- Department of Chemistry and Physics Troy University Troy 36082 USA AL
| | - Michael Worku
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Haoran Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Chenkun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - He Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Anna Plaviak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
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24
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Xu L, Lee S, Lin X, Ledbetter L, Worku M, Lin H, Zhou C, Liu H, Plaviak A, Ma B. Multicomponent Organic Metal Halide Hybrid with White Emissions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang‐Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Logan Ledbetter
- Department of Chemistry and Physics Troy University Troy 36082 AL USA
| | - Michael Worku
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Haoran Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Chenkun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - He Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Anna Plaviak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
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25
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Shunnar AF, Dhokale B, Karothu DP, Bowskill DH, Sugden IJ, Hernandez HH, Naumov P, Mohamed S. Efficient Screening for Ternary Molecular Ionic Cocrystals Using a Complementary Mechanosynthesis and Computational Structure Prediction Approach. Chemistry 2020; 26:4752-4765. [PMID: 31793669 PMCID: PMC7187361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of molecular ionic cocrystals (ICCs) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) widens the opportunities for optimizing the physicochemical properties of APIs whilst facilitating the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents. However, ICCs are often observed serendipitously in crystallization screens and the factors dictating their crystallization are poorly understood. We demonstrate here that mechanochemical ball milling is a versatile technique for the reproducible synthesis of ternary molecular ICCs in less than 30 min of grinding with or without solvent. Computational crystal structure prediction (CSP) calculations have been performed on ternary molecular ICCs for the first time and the observed crystal structures of all the ICCs were correctly predicted. Periodic dispersion-corrected DFT calculations revealed that all the ICCs are thermodynamically stable (mean stabilization energy=-2 kJ mol-1 ) relative to the crystallization of a physical mixture of the binary salt and acid. The results suggest that a combined mechanosynthesis and CSP approach could be used to target the synthesis of higher-order molecular ICCs with functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer F. Shunnar
- Department of ChemistryKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyP.O. Box 127788Abu DhabiUAE
| | - Bhausaheb Dhokale
- Department of ChemistryKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyP.O. Box 127788Abu DhabiUAE
| | | | - David H. Bowskill
- Molecular Systems Engineering GroupCentre for Process Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Isaac J. Sugden
- Molecular Systems Engineering GroupCentre for Process Systems EngineeringDepartment of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Hector H. Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCenter for Membrane and Advanced Water TechnologyKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyMasdar Campus P.O. Box 127788Abu DhabiUAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu DhabiP.O. Box 129188Abu DhabiUAE
| | - Sharmarke Mohamed
- Department of ChemistryKhalifa University of Science and TechnologyP.O. Box 127788Abu DhabiUAE
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26
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Lemmerer A. All good things come in threes: first example of a trimorphic, ternary molecular salt complex. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01023e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A ternary complex made up of trinitrobenzene, 2-aminopyridinium and 9-anthracenecarboxylate crystallizes out in three polymorphic forms, giving yellow, orange and red coloured crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lemmerer
- Molecular Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg 2050
- South Africa
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27
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Barbas R, Bofill L, de Sande D, Font-Bardia M, Prohens R. Crystal engineering of nutraceutical phytosterols: new cocrystal solid solutions. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00704h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A cocrystal screening of solid solutions of three phytosterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) reveals that cocrystal solid solutions are enriched with β-sitosterol with respect to stigmasterol, a natural product with cytotoxicity concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barbas
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Lídia Bofill
- Center for Intelligent Research in Crystal Engineering S.L
- Palma de Mallorca
- Spain
| | - Dafne de Sande
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de Raigs X
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
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28
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Jiang H, Hu W. The Emergence of Organic Single-Crystal Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:1408-1428. [PMID: 30927312 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting single crystals are perfect for both fundamental and application-oriented research due to the advantages of free grain boundaries, few defects, and minimal traps and impurities, as well as their low-temperature processability, high flexibility, and low cost. Carrier mobilities of greater than 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 in some organic single crystals indicate a promising application in electronic devices. The progress made, including the molecular structures and fabrication technologies of organic single crystals, is introduced and organic single-crystal electronic devices, including field-effect transistors, phototransistors, p-n heterojunctions, and circuits, are summarized. Organic two-dimensional single crystals, cocrystals, and large single crystals, together with some potential applications, are introduced. A state-of-the-art overview of organic single-crystal electronics, with their challenges and prospects, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, No. 92#, Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapur
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Tianjin University No. 92#, Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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30
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Intermolecular Interactions in Functional Crystalline Materials: From Data to Knowledge. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions of organic, inorganic, and organometallic compounds are the key to many composition–structure and structure–property networks. In this review, some of these relations and the tools developed by the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC) to analyze them and design solid forms with desired properties are described. The potential of studies supported by the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD)-Materials tools for investigation of dynamic processes in crystals, for analysis of biologically active, high energy, optical, (electro)conductive, and other functional crystalline materials, and for the prediction of novel solid forms (polymorphs, co-crystals, solvates) are discussed. Besides, some unusual applications, the potential for further development and limitations of the CCDC software are reported.
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Mir NA, Dubey R, Desiraju GR. Strategy and Methodology in the Synthesis of Multicomponent Molecular Solids: The Quest for Higher Cocrystals. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2210-2220. [PMID: 31318527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystal engineering is the art and science of making crystals by design. Crystallization is inherently a purifying phenomenon. Bringing together more than one organic compound into the same crystal always needs deliberate action. Cocrystals are important because they offer a route to the controlled modulation of crystal properties. The route to cocrystal synthesis was opened up with the heterosynthon concept, which considers the complementary recognition of chemical groups from different molecules. Using this concept, binary cocrystals of enormous variety have been generated, even as crystal engineering has evolved into a form of solid-state supramolecular synthesis. Introducing a third component (a component is somewhat arbitrarily defined as an organic substance that is a solid at room temperature, mostly with the idea of excluding solvates) in a stoichiometric manner requires substantially greater effort and a careful balance of intermolecular interactions-their strengths, directional properties, and distance falloff characteristics. The first systematic ternary cocrystal synthesis was reported around 15 years ago. Drawing in a fourth component in stoichiometric amounts is exceedingly difficult, and we reported such syntheses in 2016. To date, a limited number of ternary cocrystals have been realized (around 120 in all, with a half from our group) and an even smaller number of quaternary cocrystals (around 30, all from our group, barring one). It is impressive that our experiments largely yielded the intended higher cocrystal (three- or four-component) with very small traces of contaminating binaries and pure compounds. A fifth or sixth component may be brought into the solid in the manner of a solid solution in that these components are situated at one of the sites of the quaternary cocrystal. To date, five components have not been included stoichiometrically within the same crystal. This is still an open challenge. The merit in synthesizing (higher) cocrystals is that one can systematically engineer property modularity: Each component is associated with a distinct property. This is important in the pharmaceutical industry, where each component can, in principle, confer a different, desirable property-drug action, solubility, or permeability. However, difficult synthetic targets are also addressed in chemistry simply because they are there. The intellectual satisfaction in making something that is very difficult to make renders the enterprise worthwhile in itself, and new chemistry usually gets uncovered in the process. The development of synthetic organic chemistry can undoubtedly be credited to various reliable methods for chemical transformations, and many difficult total syntheses were achieved by employing these methods over two centuries of research. In contrast, supramolecular synthesis (of multicomponent cocrystals and other assemblies) is in no way at a similar level of sophistication because the subject is still relatively young. Our group and others have reported the synthesis of many higher cocrystals with reliable, reproducible, and robust design strategies. There is a general perception that the isolation of some of these cocrystals is a matter of luck! The crux of this Account is that far from being a serendipitous matter, higher cocrystals may only be made with a judicious combination of strategy and methodology-the essence of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyaz A. Mir
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
- Higher Education Department, Government Degree College Pattan, Pattan 193 121, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ritesh Dubey
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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Dey S, Das S, Bhunia S, Chowdhury R, Mondal A, Bhattacharya B, Devarapalli R, Yasuda N, Moriwaki T, Mandal K, Mukherjee GD, Reddy CM. Mechanically interlocked architecture aids an ultra-stiff and ultra-hard elastically bendable cocrystal. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3711. [PMID: 31420538 PMCID: PMC6697680 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11657-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular crystals are not known to be as stiff as metals, composites and ceramics. Here we report an exceptional mechanical stiffness and high hardness in a known elastically bendable organic cocrystal [caffeine (CAF), 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzoic acid (CNB) and methanol (1:1:1)] which is comparable to certain low-density metals. Spatially resolved atomic level studies reveal that the mechanically interlocked weak hydrogen bond networks which are separated by dispersive interactions give rise to these mechanical properties. Upon bending, the crystals significantly conserve the overall energy by efficient redistribution of stress while perturbations in hydrogen bonds are compensated by strengthened π-stacking. Furthermore we report a remarkable stiffening and hardening in the elastically bent crystal. Hence, mechanically interlocked architectures provide an unexplored route to reach new mechanical limits and adaptability in organic crystals. This proof of concept inspires the design of light-weight, stiff crystalline organics with potential to rival certain inorganics, which currently seem inconceivable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Dey
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Surojit Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.,Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Amit Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Biswajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Ramesh Devarapalli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Taro Moriwaki
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kapil Mandal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Goutam Dev Mukherjee
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - C Malla Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India. .,Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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Paul M, Desiraju GR. From a Binary to a Quaternary Cocrystal: An Unusual Supramolecular Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12027-12031. [PMID: 31267635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Formation of a stoichiometric quaternary cocrystal consisting of resorcinol (RES), tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), phenazine (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) is described. A closed tetrameric resorcinol-heterocycle synthon, unusual in that it has two different linker bases rather than just one, is observed in this four-component solid. The tetrameric synthon is formed by two RES molecules and the two pyridine bases TMP and PHE. The stoichiometric quaternary cocrystal grows in an epitaxial fashion on the surfaces of a RES.PHE binary cocrystal which is initially obtained from the mother liquor. By indexing the common crystal faces of the binary and quaternary cocrystals, and noting that no ternary solid is obtained, a plausible mechanism has been proposed for the formation of this rare supramolecular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Paul
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Gautam R Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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Paul M, Desiraju GR. From a Binary to a Quaternary Cocrystal: An Unusual Supramolecular Synthon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Paul
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry UnitIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry UnitIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 India
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Pan F, Dashti M, Reynolds MR, Rissanen K, Trant JF, Beyeh NK. Halogen bonding and host-guest chemistry between N-alkylammonium resorcinarene halides, diiodoperfluorobutane and neutral guests. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:947-954. [PMID: 31164931 PMCID: PMC6541336 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single crystal X-ray structures of halogen-bonded assemblies formed between host N-hexylammonium resorcinarene bromide (1) or N-cyclohexylammonium resorcinarene chloride (2), and 1,4-diiodooctafluorobutane and accompanying small solvent guests (methanol, acetonitrile and water) are presented. The guests’ inclusion affects the geometry of the cavity of the receptors 1 and 2, while the divalent halogen bond donor 1,4-diiodooctafluorobutane determines the overall nature of the halogen bond assembly. The crystal lattice of 1 contains two structurally different dimeric assemblies A and B, formally resulting in the mixture of a capsular dimer and a dimeric pseudo-capsule. 1H and 19F NMR analyses supports the existence of these halogen-bonded complexes and enhanced guest inclusion in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Road 152, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohadeseh Dashti
- University of Windsor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Windsor, Ontario, 401 Sunset Avenue, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Michael R Reynolds
- University of Windsor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Windsor, Ontario, 401 Sunset Avenue, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 35, Jyväskylä, FIN-40014, Finland
| | - John F Trant
- University of Windsor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Windsor, Ontario, 401 Sunset Avenue, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Ngong Kodiah Beyeh
- Oakland University, Department of Chemistry, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan, 48309-4479, USA
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Singh MP, Tarai A, Baruah JB. Neutral, Zwitterion, Ionic Forms of 5‐Aminoisophthalic Acid in Cocrystals, Salts and Their Optical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munendra Pal Singh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781 039 Assam India
| | - Arup Tarai
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781 039 Assam India
| | - Jubaraj Bikash Baruah
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati - 781 039 Assam India
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Grobelny AL, Rath NP, Groeneman RH. Regioselective photoreactions within a series of mixed co-crystals containing isosteric dihalogenated resorcinols with 4-stilbazole. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:989-992. [PMID: 30849166 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation and photoreactivity of a series of mixed co-crystals containing 4-stilbazole along with both 4,6-dichlororesorcinol and 4,6-dibromoresorcinol at various ratios is reported. In all cases, the quantitative [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction yields an identical head-to-tail photoproduct, namely rctt-1,3-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,4-bis(phenyl)cyclobutane. The selectivity in the cycloaddition reaction occurred due to a shorter distance observed between two carbon-carbon double bonds that were found between and not within the hydrogen-bonded assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Grobelny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Webster University, 470 East Lockwood Ave., St. Louis, MO 63119, USA.
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Nangia AK, Desiraju GR. Crystal Engineering: An Outlook for the Future. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4100-4107. [PMID: 30488598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crystal Engineering has traditionally dealt with molecular crystals. It is the understanding of intermolecular interactions in the context of crystal packing and in the utilization of such understanding in the design of new solids with desired physical and chemical properties. We outline here five areas which come under the umbrella of Crystal Engineering and where we feel that a proper planning of research efforts could lead to higher dividends for science together with greater returns for humankind. We touch on themes and domains where science funding and translation efforts could be directed in the current climate of a society that increasingly expects applications and utility products from science and technology. The five topics are: 1) pharmaceutical solids; 2) industrial solid state reactions; 3) mechanical properties with practical applications; 4) MOFs and COFs framework solids; 5) new materials for solar energy harvesting and advanced polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini K Nangia
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411 008, India.,School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, P.O. Central University, Hyderabad, 500 034, India
| | - Gautam R Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini K. Nangia
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Homi Bhabha Road Pune 411 008 Indien
- School of ChemistryUniversity of HyderabadP.O. Central University Hyderabad 500 034 Indien
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry UnitIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560 012 Indien
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40
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Madeley LG, Levendis DC, Lemmerer A. Covalent-assisted supramolecular synthesis: the effect of hydrogen bonding in cocrystals of 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid with isoniazid and its derivatized forms. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:200-207. [PMID: 30720459 DOI: 10.1107/s205322961900055x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of cocrystals of isoniazid and four of its derivatives have been produced with the cocrystal former 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid via a one-pot covalent and supramolecular synthesis, namely 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid-isoniazid, C6H7N3O·C11H14O2, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid-N'-(propan-2-ylidene)isonicotinohydrazide, C9H11N3O·C11H14O2, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid-N'-(butan-2-ylidene)isonicotinohydrazide, C10H13N3O·C11H14O2, 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid-N'-(diphenylmethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide, C19H15N3O·C11H14O2, and 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid-N'-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-ylidene)isonicotinohydrazide, C12H17N3O2·C11H14O2. The co-former falls under the classification of a `generally regarded as safe' compound. The four derivatizing ketones used are propan-2-one, butan-2-one, benzophenone and 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutan-2-one. Hydrogen bonds involving the carboxylic acid occur consistently with the pyridine ring N atom of the isoniazid and all of its derivatives. The remaining hydrogen-bonding sites on the isoniazid backbone vary based on the steric influences of the derivative group. These are contrasted in each of the molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee G Madeley
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Demetrius C Levendis
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
| | - Andreas Lemmerer
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Gauteng, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
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42
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Das D, Biradha K. Cocrystals and Salts of 3,5-Bis(pyridinylmethylene)piperidin-4-one with Aromatic Poly-Carboxylates and Resorcinols: Influence of Stacking Interactions on Solid-State Luminescence Properties. Aust J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two bis-pyridyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones were shown to form complexes with carboxylic acids and resorcinol derivatives. The neutral acid–acid homosynthon was observed in only one complex out of the five acid-bis-pyridyl containing complexes studied here, while the –COO−⋯HOOC– synthon was found to be dominant as it was observed in four complexes. The carboxylates self-assembled to form discrete dimeric, anionic, 1D chains and also exhibited mixed ionic hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, resorcinol derivatives displayed O–H⋯N hydrogen bonding to form tetrameric aggregates of bis-pyridyl ketone molecules and respective co-formers, while 3,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHBA) molecules formed 1D chains by clipping two molecules of ketones with three DHBA molecules. Such clipping by the resorcinol derivatives promoted continuous π–π stacking interactions. Consequently, these materials emitted at higher wavelengths compared with the parent bis-pyridyl-substituted α,β-unsaturated ketones.
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Hill TN, Lemmerer A. Binary charge-transfer complexes using pyromellitic acid dianhydride featuring C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1772-1777. [PMID: 30574372 PMCID: PMC6281116 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018015645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Four binary charge-transfer complexes were made using pyromellitic acid dianhydride (pmda), those being pmda-naphthalene (1/1), C10H2O6·C10H8, (I), pmda-fluoranthene (1/1), C10H2O6·C16H10, (II), pmda-9-methyl-anthracene (1/1), C10H2O6·C15H12, (III), and pmda-ethyl anthracene-9-carboxyl-ate (1/2), C10H2O6·2C17H12O3, (IV). All charge-transfer complexes show alternating donor and acceptor stacks, which have weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds connecting the donor and acceptor mol-ecules. In addition, complex (I) has Z' = 1/2, complex (II) has a Z' = 2 and complex (IV) has half mol-ecule of pyromellitic acid dianhydride in the asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania N. Hill
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag, PO WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andreas Lemmerer
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag, PO WITS, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Dandela R, Tothadi S, Marelli UK, Nangia A. Systematic synthesis of a 6-component organic-salt alloy of naftopidil, and pentanary, quaternary and ternary multicomponent crystals. IUCRJ 2018; 5:816-822. [PMID: 30443365 PMCID: PMC6211519 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518014057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The single-crystal X-ray structure of a 6-component organic-salt alloy (hexanary) of naftopidil (1) (an active pharmaceutical ingredient) with benzoic acid (2) and four different hydroxy-substituted benzoic acids, i.e. salicylic acid (3), 2,3-di-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), 2,4-di-hydroxybenzoic acid (5) and 2,6-di-hydroxybenzoic acid (6), is reported. The hexanary assembly originates from the observation that the binary salts of naftopidil with the above acids are isostructural. In addition to the 6-component solid, we also describe five 5-component, ten 4-component, and ten 3-component organic-salt alloys of naftopidil (1) with carboxylic acids (2)-(6). These alloys were obtained from different combinations of the acids with the drug. The synthetic design of the multicomponent organic alloys is based on the rationale of geometrical factors (shape and size) and chemical interactions (hydrogen bonds). The common supramolecular synthon in all these crystal structures was the cyclic N+-H⋯O- and O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded motif of (9) graph set between the 2-hy-droxyammonium group of naftopidil and the carboxyl-ate anion. This ionic synthon is strong and robust, directing the isostructural assembly of naftopidil with up to five different carboxylic acids in the crystal structure together with the lower-level multicomponent adducts. Solution crystallization by slow evaporation provided the multicomponent organic salts and alloys which were characterized by a combination of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, NMR and differential scanning calorimetry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambabu Dandela
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
| | - Udaya Kiran Marelli
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
- Central NMR Facility, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
| | - Ashwini Nangia
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 046, India
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Tonin MD, Garden SJ, Jotani MM, Wardell JL, Tiekink ER. On the influence of small chemical changes upon the supramolecular association in substituted 2-(phenoxy)-1,4-naphthoquinones. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2018-2129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
X-ray crystallography reveals the common feature of the title compounds is a 1,4-naphthoquinone ring system with a substituted phenoxy residue adjacent to an oxo-group to give 1 (H), 2 (3-Br), 3 (3-CF3), 4 (4-CN) and 5 (4-NO2). To a first approximation the fused ring system along with the two oxo substituents is planar with the major difference between the molecules relating to the relative orientations of the pendant phenoxy residues: dihedral angles range from 56.56(4)° (3) to 87.52(10)° (2). The presence of intermolecular C–H···O interactions is the common feature of the supramolecular association in the crystals of 1–5. In each of 1 and 5, these extend in three-dimensions but, only to supramolecular dimers in 4, chains in 2 and layers in 3. Each crystal also features C=O···π interactions, pointing to the importance of these points of contact in this series di-oxocompounds. In 2, these, along with C–Br···π interactions lead to a three-dimensional architecture. For 3, the C=O···π and π···π interactions occur within the layers which stack without directional interactions between them. In 4, C–H···O and C=O···π interactions combine to give a supramolecular layer, which also stack without directional interactions in the inter-layer region. Further analysis of the molecular packing was conducted by a Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA). This points to the significant role of H···H, C···H/H···C and O···H/H···O contacts in the packing of 1. Notably different roles for these contacts are found in the other crystals correlating with the participation of the respective substituents in the molecular packing. The HSA suggests the association between layers in 3 (weak F···F and H···F interactions) and 4 (weak H···N interactions) is contributed by the phenoxy-substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon D.L. Tonin
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária , 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ , Brazil
| | - Simon J. Garden
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária , 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro-RJ , Brazil
| | - Mukesh M. Jotani
- Department of Physics , Bhavan’s Sheth R. A. College of Science , Ahmedabad, 380001 Gujarat , India
| | - James L. Wardell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Aberdeen , Old Aberdeen AB24 3UE , Scotland
| | - Edward R.T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Science and Technology , Sunway University , 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia
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Hill TN, Levendis DC, Lemmerer A. Binary and ternary co-crystals and molecular salts of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid: A many-faceted supramolecular reagent. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chakraborty S, Joseph S, Desiraju GR. Probing the Crystal Structure Landscape by Doping: 4-Bromo, 4-Chloro, and 4-Methylcinnamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9279-9283. [PMID: 29893027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Accessing the data points in the crystal structure landscape of a molecule is a challenging task, either experimentally or computationally. We have charted the crystal structure landscape of 4-bromocinnamic acid (4BCA) experimentally and computationally: experimental doping is achieved with 4-methylcinnamic acid (4MCA) to obtain new crystal structures; computational doping is performed with 4-chlorocinnamic acid (4CCA) as a model system, because of the difficulties associated in parameterizing the Br atom. The landscape of 4CCA is explored experimentally in turn, also by doping it with 4MCA, and is found to bear a close resemblance to the landscape of 4BCA, justifying the ready miscibility of these two halogenated cinnamic acids to form solid solutions without any change in crystal structure. In effect, 4MCA, 4CCA and 4BCA form a commutable group of crystal structures, which may be realized experimentally or computationally, and constitute the landscape. Unlike the results obtained by Kitaigorodskii, all but two of the multiple solid solutions obtained in the methyl-doping experiments take structures that are different from the hitherto observed crystal forms of the parent compounds. Even granted that the latter might be inherently polymorphic, this unusual observation provokes the suggestion that solid solution formation may be used to probe the crystal structure landscape. The influence of π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, weak hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds in directing the formation of these new structures is also seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Chakraborty
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Sumy Joseph
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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Chakraborty S, Joseph S, Desiraju GR. Probing the Crystal Structure Landscape by Doping: 4-Bromo, 4-Chloro, and 4-Methylcinnamic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak Chakraborty
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Sumy Joseph
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Gautam R. Desiraju
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
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Gunawardana CA, Aakeröy CB. Co-crystal synthesis: fact, fancy, and great expectations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:14047-14060. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08135b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Some strategies for driving co-crystal synthesis using a variety of competing non-covalent interactions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. B. Aakeröy
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
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50
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Lusi M. A rough guide to molecular solid solutions: design, synthesis and characterization of mixed crystals. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00691a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature on molecular solid solutions is reviewed and general empirical rules to help synthesize mixed crystals are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lusi
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Bernal Institute
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
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