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Kelsey SR, Griaznov G, Spaeth AD, Janzen DE, Douglas JT, Thompson WH, Barybin MV. Tuning the redox profile of the 6,6'-biazulenic platform through functionalization along its molecular axis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5213-5216. [PMID: 38652073 PMCID: PMC11080966 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The E1/2 potential associated with reduction of the linearly-functionalized 6,6'-biazulenic scaffold is accurately correlated to the combined σp Hammett parameters of the substituents over >600 mV range. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the 2,2'-dichloro-substituted derivative revealed unexpectedly short C-Cl bond distances, along with other metric changes, suggesting a non-trivial cycloheptafulvalene-like structural contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun R Kelsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Georgii Griaznov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Andrew D Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Daron E Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Justin T Douglas
- NMR Laboratory, Molecular Structures Group, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ward H Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Mikhail V Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
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2
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Bonfim VSA, Souza CP, de Oliveira DAB, Baptista L, Santos ACF, Fantuzzi F. Deciphering the irradiation induced fragmentation-rearrangement mechanisms in valence ionized CF3CH2F. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:124308. [PMID: 38526111 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing presence of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF3CH2F) in the atmosphere has prompted detailed studies into its complex photodissociation behavior. Experiments focusing on CF3CH2F irradiation have unveiled an array of ions, with the persistent observation of the rearrangement product CHF2+ not yet fully understood. In this work, we combine density functional theory, coupled-cluster calculations with a complete basis set formalism, and atom-centered density matrix propagation molecular dynamics to investigate the energetics and dynamics of different potential pathways leading to CHF2+. We found that the two-body dissociation pathway involving an HF rearrangement, which was previously considered complex for CHF2+ formation, is actually straightforward but not likely due to the facile loss of HF. In contrast, our calculations reveal that the H elimination pathway, once thought of as a potential route to CHF2+, is not only comparably disadvantageous from both thermodynamic and kinetic points of view but also does not align with experimental data, particularly the lack of a rebound peak at m/z 101-102. We establish that the formation of CHF2+ is predominantly via the HF elimination channel, a conclusion experimentally corroborated by studies involving the trifluoroethylene cation CF2CHF+, a key intermediate in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor S A Bonfim
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cauê P Souza
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A B de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Norte do Tocantins, Lot. Araguaína Sul, 77826-612 Araguaína, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Baptista
- Departamento de Química e Ambiental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia Presidente Dutra km 298, 27537-000 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antônio C F Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
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3
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Mehla R, Gaurav K, Srivastava A, Singh S. Suitability of chlorobenzene-based single-electron transistor as HCN, AsH 3, and COCl 2 sensor. J Mol Model 2022; 28:206. [PMID: 35781845 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A density functional theory (DFT)-based first principle approach has been employed to investigate the suitability of chlorobenzene-based single-electron transistor (SET) for the detection of few toxic gases such as hydrogen cyanide, arsine, and phosgene. The adsorption aspect of toxic gas molecules on the chlorobenzene with different orientations has been analyzed. The attributes such as charge density, molecular energy spectrum, density of states, and Mulliken population have been computed to scrutinize the effect of gas molecules on the surface of chlorobenzene. The sensing mechanism of adsorbate (toxic gases) with the adsorbent (chlorobenzene) has been authenticated in a single-electron transistor (SET) environment through total energy vs. gate voltage plot and charge stability diagram. The recovery time of the chlorobenzene-based SET gas sensor on the adsorption of HCN, AsH3, and COCl2 has been computed as 1.93 ns, 0.45 ns, and 36.31 ns, respectively. Based on these findings, it is interesting to see that the COCl2 gas molecule shows strong physical adsorption with the most significant adsorption distance (3.629 Å) with chlorobenzene, while AsH3-adsorbed chlorobenzene SET displays a low recovery time in comparison with other considered gases. The present analysis confirms a significantly better range of detection and improved recovery time using chlorobenzene-based single-electron transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mehla
- Advanced Materials Research Group, CNT Laboratory, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, M.P, 474010, India
| | - Kumar Gaurav
- Advanced Materials Research Group, CNT Laboratory, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, M.P, 474010, India
| | - Anurag Srivastava
- Advanced Materials Research Group, CNT Laboratory, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, M.P, 474010, India.
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Advanced Materials Research Group, CNT Laboratory, ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Gwalior, M.P, 474010, India
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4
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Coutinho LH, de A Ribeiro F, Tenorio BNC, Coriani S, Dos Santos ACF, Nicolas C, Milosavljevic AR, Bozek JD, Wolff W. NEXAFS and MS-AES spectroscopy of the C 1s and Cl 2p excitation and ionization of chlorobenzene: Production of dicationic species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27484-27497. [PMID: 34873605 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03121j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on single- and double-charge photofragment formation by synchrotron radiation, following C 1s core excitation and ionization and Cl 2p inner excitation and ionization of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl. From a comparison of experimental near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectra and theoretical ab initio calculations, the nature of various core and inner shell transitions of the molecule and pure atomic features were identified. To shed light on the normal Auger processes following excitation or ionization of the molecule at the Cl 2p or C 1s sites, we addressed the induced ionic species formation. With energy resolved electron spectra and ion time-of-flight spectra coincidence measurements, the ionic species were correlated with binding energy regions and initial states of vacancies. We explored the formation of the molecular dication C6H5Cl2+, the analogue benzene dication C6H42+, and the singly charged species produced by single loss of a carbon atom, C5HnCl+. The appearance and intensities of the spectral features associated with these ionic species are shown to be strongly site selective and dependent on the energy ranges of the Auger electron emission. Unexpected intensities for the analogue double charged benzene C6H42+ ion were observed with fast Auger electrons. The transitions leading to C6H5Cl2+ were identified from the binding energy representation of high resolution electron energy spectra. Most C6H5Cl2+ ions decay into two singly charged moieties, but intermediate channels are opened leading to other heavy dicationic species, C6H42+ and C6H4Cl2+, the channel leading to the first of these being much more favored than the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia H Coutinho
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil.
| | | | - Bruno N C Tenorio
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Antonio C F Dos Santos
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil.
| | | | | | - John D Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91192, France
| | - Wania Wolff
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil.
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Wolff W, Perlin A, Oliveira RR, Fantuzzi F, Coutinho LH, de A Ribeiro F, Hilgers G. Production of Long-Lived Benzene Dications from Electron Impact in the 20-2000 eV Energy Range Combined with the Search for Global Minimum Structures. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9261-9271. [PMID: 33079556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a systematic search of metastable C6Hn2+ (n = 1-6) dications from electron impact time-of-flight measurements of several benzene derivatives in combination with global minimum search based on the genetic algorithm. Our theoretical calculations reveal that the C6Hn2+ (n < 6) global minimum structures are completely different from that of the benzene dication, featuring linear carbon chains and/or cyclopropenylium moieties. Experimentally, the doubly charged species were investigated for a wide range of electron impact energies, from 20 to 2000 eV, for benzene and several monosubstituted compounds containing either electron-withdrawing or -donating groups. Furthermore, the C6Hn2+ production, evaluated from the yields of the dications with respect to that of the parent ion (or parent dication), was compared to those obtained from charge exchange in the doubly charged 2E spectra and electron impact experiments available in the literature. The yields of the long-lived benzene dications were contrasted to those analogues formed in chlorobenzene. Moreover, the formation of C6Hn2+ species is strongly dependent on the nature of substituent groups, with electron-withdrawing ones favoring the dication formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wania Wolff
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Amir Perlin
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Oliveira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucia H Coutinho
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | | | - Gerhard Hilgers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Cerqueira HBA, Santos JC, Fantuzzi F, Ribeiro FDA, Rocco MLM, Oliveira RR, Rocha AB. Structure, Stability, and Spectroscopic Properties of Small Acetonitrile Cation Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6845-6855. [PMID: 32702984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionization and fragmentation pathways induced by ionizing agents are key to understanding the formation of complex molecules in astrophysical environments. Acetonitrile (CH3CN), the simplest organic nitrile, is an important molecule present in the interstellar medium. In this work, DFT and MP2 calculations were performed in order to obtain the low energy structures of the most relevant cations formed from electron-stimulated ion desorption of CH3CN ices. Selected reaction pathways and spectroscopic properties were also calculated. Our results indicate that the most stable acetonitrile cation structure is CH2CNH+ and that hydrogenation can occur successively without isomerization steps until its complete saturation. Moreover, the stability of distinct cluster families formed from the interaction of acetonitrile with small fragments, such as CHn+, C2Hn+, and CHnCNH+, is discussed in terms of their respective binding energies. Some of these molecular clusters are stabilized by hydrogen bonds, leading to species whose infrared features are characterized by a strong redshift of the N-H stretching mode. Finally, the rotational spectra of CH3CN and protonated acetonitrile, CH3CNH+, were simulated using distinct computational protocols based on DFT, MP2, and CCSD(T) considering centrifugal distortion, vibrational-rotational coupling, and vibrational anharmonicity corrections. By adopting an empirical scaling procedure for calculating spectroscopic parameters, we were able to estimate the rotational frequencies of CH3CNH+ with an expected average error below 1 MHz for J values up to 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique B A Cerqueira
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Julia C Santos
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Maria Luiza M Rocco
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Oliveira
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B Rocha
- Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
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Fantuzzi F, Wolff W, Quitián-Lara HM, Boechat-Roberty HM, Hilgers G, Rudek B, Nascimento MAC. Unexpected reversal of stability in strained systems containing one-electron bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24984-24992. [PMID: 31709438 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ring strain energy is a very well documented feature of neutral cycloalkanes, and influences their structural, thermochemical and reactivity properties. In this work, we apply density functional theory and high-level coupled cluster calculations to describe the geometry and relative stability of C6H12+˙ radical cations, whose cyclic isomers are prototypes of singly-charged cycloalkanes. Molecular ions with the mentioned stoichiometry were produced via electron impact experiments using a gaseous cyclohexane sample (20-2000 eV). From our calculations, in addition to structures that resemble linear and branched alkenes as well as distinct conformers of cyclohexane, we have found low-lying species containing three-, four- and five-membered rings with the presence of an elongated C-C bond. Remarkably, the stability trend of these ring-bearing radical cations is anomalous, and the three-membered species are up to 11.3 kcal mol-1 more stable than the six-membered chair structure. Generalized Valence Bond calculations and the Spin Coupled theory with N electrons and M orbitals were used in conjunction with the Generalized Product Function Energy Partitioning (GPF-EP) method and Interference Energy Analysis (IEA) to describe the chemical bonding in such moieties. Our results confirm that these elongated C-C motifs are one-electron sigma bonds. Our calculations also reveal the effects that drive thermochemical preference of strained systems over their strained-free isomers, and the origin of the unusual stability trend observed for cycloalkane radical cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fantuzzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wania Wolff
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Heidy M Quitián-Lara
- Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira do Pedro Antônio 43, 20080-090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heloisa M Boechat-Roberty
- Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira do Pedro Antônio 43, 20080-090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Hilgers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany and Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, 30 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marco Antonio Chaer Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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8
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Wolff W, Rudek B, da Silva LA, Hilgers G, Montenegro EC, Homem MGP. Absolute ionization and dissociation cross sections of tetrahydrofuran: Fragmentation-ion production mechanisms. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wolff
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - B. Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L. A. da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Hilgers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E. C. Montenegro
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M. G. P. Homem
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Cabral Tenorio BN, Kruczkiewicz F, de Almeida Ribeiro F, Pinho Andrade DP, Riani de Luna HM, Boechat-Roberty HM, Nascimento MAC, Rocha AB, Wolff W. Soft X-ray Chlorine Photolysis on Chlorobenzene Ice: An Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1389-1398. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes Cabral Tenorio
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brasil
| | - Franciele Kruczkiewicz
- Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira Pedro Antonio, 43, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20090-080, Brasil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Ribeiro
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Cel. Delio Menezes Porto, 1045 Nilópolis, RJ 26530-060, Brasil
| | - Diana Paula Pinho Andrade
- Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira Pedro Antonio, 43, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20090-080, Brasil
| | - Hugo Milward Riani de Luna
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brasil
| | - Heloisa Maria Boechat-Roberty
- Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira Pedro Antonio, 43, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20090-080, Brasil
| | - Marco Antonio Chaer Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Braga Rocha
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brasil
| | - Wania Wolff
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brasil
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