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Tanyag RMP, Bacellar C, Pang W, Bernando C, Gomez LF, Jones CF, Ferguson KR, Kwok J, Anielski D, Belkacem A, Boll R, Bozek J, Carron S, Chen G, Delmas T, Englert L, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Hexemer A, Huth M, Leone SR, Ma JH, Marchesini S, Neumark DM, Poon BK, Prell J, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Seifrid M, Swiggers M, Ullrich J, Weise F, Zwart P, Bostedt C, Gessner O, Vilesov AF. Sizes of pure and doped helium droplets from single shot x-ray imaging. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:041102. [PMID: 35105059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in x-ray free-electron lasers on producing ultrashort, ultrabright, and coherent x-ray pulses enable single-shot imaging of fragile nanostructures, such as superfluid helium droplets. This imaging technique gives unique access to the sizes and shapes of individual droplets. In the past, such droplet characteristics have only been indirectly inferred by ensemble averaging techniques. Here, we report on the size distributions of both pure and doped droplets collected from single-shot x-ray imaging and produced from the free-jet expansion of helium through a 5 μm diameter nozzle at 20 bars and nozzle temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 9 K. This work extends the measurement of large helium nanodroplets containing 109-1011 atoms, which are shown to follow an exponential size distribution. Additionally, we demonstrate that the size distributions of the doped droplets follow those of the pure droplets at the same stagnation condition but with smaller average sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Weiwu Pang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Luis F Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Curtis F Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Justin Kwok
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Denis Anielski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Belkacem
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Bozek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Carron
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tjark Delmas
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Englert
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - Sascha W Epp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Huth
- PNSensor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan H Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stefano Marchesini
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Billy K Poon
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - James Prell
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Seifrid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Michele Swiggers
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Weise
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Petrus Zwart
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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Rudek B, Bernstein K, Osterman S, Qu T. Replacing gamma knife beam-profiles on film with point-detector scans. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2022; 23:e13522. [PMID: 35001499 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Detector arrays and profile-scans have widely replaced film-measurements for quality assurance (QA) on linear accelerators. Film is still used for relative output factor (ROF) measurements, positioning, and dose-profile verification for annual Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) QA. This study shows that small-field active detector measurements can be performed in the easily accessed clinical mode and that they are an effective replacement to time-consuming and exacting film measurements. METHODS Beam profiles and positioning scans for 4-mm, 8-mm, and 16-mm-collimated fields were collected along the x-, y-, and z-axes. The Exradin W2-scintillator and the PTW microdiamond-detector were placed in custom inserts centered in the Elekta solid-water phantom for these scans. GafChromic EBT3-film was irradiated with single uniformly collimated exposures as the clinical-standard reference, using the same solid-water phantom for profile tests and the Elekta film holder for radiation focal point (RFP)/patient-positioning system (PPS) coincidence. All experimental data were compared to the tissue-maximum-ratio-based (TMR10) dose calculation. RESULTS The detector-measured beam profiles and film-based profiles showed excellent agreement with TMR10-predicted full-width, half-maximum (FWHM) values. Absolute differences between the measured FWHM and FWHM from the treatment-planning system were on average 0.13 mm, 0.08 mm, and 0.04 mm for film, microdiamond, and scintillator, respectively. The coincidence between the RFP and the PPS was measured to be ≤0.5 mm with microdiamond, ≤0.41 mm with the W2-1 × 1 scintillator, and ≤0.22 mm using the film-technique. CONCLUSIONS Small-volume field detectors, used in conjunction with a clinically available phantom, an electrometer with data-logging, and treatment plans created in clinical mode offer an efficient and viable alternative for film-based profile tests. Position verification can be accurately performed when CBCT-imaging is available to correct for residual detector-position uncertainty. Scans are easily set up within the treatment-planning-system and, when coupled with an automated analysis, can provide accurate measurements within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Rudek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Bernstein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunshine Osterman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tanxia Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Rabus H, Li WB, Nettelbeck H, Schuemann J, Villagrasa C, Beuve M, Di Maria S, Heide B, Klapproth AP, Poignant F, Qiu R, Rudek B. Consistency checks of results from a Monte Carlo code intercomparison for emitted electron spectra and energy deposition around a single gold nanoparticle irradiated by X-rays. RADIAT MEAS 2021; 147:106637. [PMID: 35669292 PMCID: PMC9165644 DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2021.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Organized by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), a Monte Carlo code intercomparison exercise was conducted where participants simulated the emitted electron spectra and energy deposition around a single gold nanoparticle (GNP) irradiated by X-rays. In the exercise, the participants scored energy imparted in concentric spherical shells around a spherical volume filled with gold or water as well as the spectral distribution of electrons leaving the GNP. Initially, only the ratio of energy deposition with and without GNP was to be reported. During the evaluation of the exercise, however, the data for energy deposition in the presence and absence of the GNP were also requested. A GNP size of 50 nm and 100 nm diameter was considered as well as two different X-ray spectra (50 kVp and 100kVp). This introduced a redundancy that can be used to cross-validate the internal consistency of the simulation results. In this work, evaluation of the reported results is presented in terms of integral quantities that can be benchmarked against values obtained from physical properties of the radiation spectra and materials involved. The impact of different interaction cross-section datasets and their implementation in the different Monte Carlo codes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - W B Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Nettelbeck
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Schuemann
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Beuve
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B Heide
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A P Klapproth
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - F Poignant
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Present address: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - R Qiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B Rudek
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
- Present address: Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
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Li X, Inhester L, Robatjazi SJ, Erk B, Boll R, Hanasaki K, Toyota K, Hao Y, Bomme C, Rudek B, Foucar L, Southworth SH, Lehmann CS, Kraessig B, Marchenko T, Simon M, Ueda K, Ferguson KR, Bucher M, Gorkhover T, Carron S, Alonso-Mori R, Koglin JE, Correa J, Williams GJ, Boutet S, Young L, Bostedt C, Son SK, Santra R, Rolles D, Rudenko A. Pulse Energy and Pulse Duration Effects in the Ionization and Fragmentation of Iodomethane by Ultraintense Hard X Rays. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:093202. [PMID: 34506178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of intense femtosecond x-ray pulses with molecules sensitively depends on the interplay between multiple photoabsorptions, Auger decay, charge rearrangement, and nuclear motion. Here, we report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of the ionization and fragmentation of iodomethane (CH_{3}I) by ultraintense (∼10^{19} W/cm^{2}) x-ray pulses at 8.3 keV, demonstrating how these dynamics depend on the x-ray pulse energy and duration. We show that the timing of multiple ionization steps leading to a particular reaction product and, thus, the product's final kinetic energy, is determined by the pulse duration rather than the pulse energy or intensity. While the overall degree of ionization is mainly defined by the pulse energy, our measurement reveals that the yield of the fragments with the highest charge states is enhanced for short pulse durations, in contrast to earlier observations for atoms and small molecules in the soft x-ray domain. We attribute this effect to a decreased charge transfer efficiency at larger internuclear separations, which are reached during longer pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - L Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S J Robatjazi
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - B Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Boll
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K Hanasaki
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Hao
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Foucar
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - C S Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Kraessig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - T Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - K R Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - M Bucher
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - T Gorkhover
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Carron
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - R Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - J E Koglin
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - J Correa
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - G J Williams
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton New York, USA
| | - S Boutet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - L Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S-K Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Rabus H, Li WB, Villagrasa C, Schuemann J, Hepperle PA, de la Fuente Rosales L, Beuve M, Di Maria S, Klapproth AP, Li CY, Poignant F, Rudek B, Nettelbeck H. Intercomparison of Monte Carlo calculated dose enhancement ratios for gold nanoparticles irradiated by X-rays: Assessing the uncertainty and correct methodology for extended beams. Phys Med 2021; 84:241-253. [PMID: 33766478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Results of a Monte Carlo code intercomparison exercise for simulations of the dose enhancement from a gold nanoparticle (GNP) irradiated by X-rays have been recently reported. To highlight potential differences between codes, the dose enhancement ratios (DERs) were shown for the narrow-beam geometry used in the simulations, which leads to values significantly higher than unity over distances in the order of several tens of micrometers from the GNP surface. As it has come to our attention that the figures in our paper have given rise to misinterpretation as showing 'the' DERs of GNPs under diagnostic X-ray irradiation, this article presents estimates of the DERs that would have been obtained with realistic radiation field extensions and presence of secondary particle equilibrium (SPE). These DER values are much smaller than those for a narrow-beam irradiation shown in our paper, and significant dose enhancement is only found within a few hundred nanometers around the GNP. The approach used to obtain these estimates required the development of a methodology to identify and, where possible, correct results from simulations whose implementation deviated from the initial exercise definition. Based on this methodology, literature on Monte Carlo simulated DERs has been critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - W B Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France; European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Schuemann
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA; European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - P A Hepperle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - M Beuve
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - S Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela LRS, Portugal; European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A P Klapproth
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Y Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Nuctech Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - F Poignant
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - B Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA; Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, USA
| | - H Nettelbeck
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany; European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) e.V, Neuherberg, Germany
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Wang H, Rea A, Rudek B, Chen T, McCarthy A, Barbee D. Automatic couch position calculation using eclipse scripting for external beam radiotherapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:77-84. [PMID: 33440075 PMCID: PMC7882100 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The treatment couch position of a patient in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is usually acquired during initial treatment setup. This procedure has shown potential failure modes leading to near misses and adverse events in radiation treatment. This study aims to develop a method to automatically determine the couch position before setting up a patient for initial treatment. METHODS The Qfix couch-tops (kVue and DoseMax) have embedded reference marks (BBs) indicating its index levels and couch centerline. With the ESAPI, a C# script was programmed to automatically find the couch-top and embedded BBs in the planning CT and derive the treatment couch position according to treatment isocenter of a plan. Couch positions of EBRT plans with the kVue couch-top and SBRT plans using the DoseMax were calculated using the script. The calculation was evaluated by comparing calculated positions with couch coordinates captured during the initial treatment setup after image guidance. The calculations were further compared with daily treatment couch positions post image-guided adjustment for each treatment fraction. RESULTS For plans using the kVue couch-top for various treatment sites, the median (5-95 percentiles) differences between calculated and captured couch positions were 0.1 (-0.2 - 0.9), 0.5 (-1.1-2.0), 0.10 (-1.3-1.3) cm in the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral direction respectively. For the DoseMax couch-top, the median differences were 0.1 (-0.2-0.7), 0.2 (-0.3-1.1), and 0.2 (-0.7-0.9) cm in respective direction. The calculated positions were within 1 and 2 cm from the mean fraction positions for 95% patients on DoseMax and kVue couch-top respectively. CONCLUSIONS A method that automatically and accurately calculates treatment couch position from simulation CT was implemented in Varian Eclipse for Qfix couch-tops. This technique increases the efficiency of patient setup and enhances patient safety by reducing the risks of positioning errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Rea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison McCarthy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Barbee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Rudek B, Bernstein K, Osterman S, Qu T. Dosimetry of Gamma-Knife Hybrid Shots With Film, Scintillator and the Microdiamond Detector. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Schuemann J, Bagley AF, Berbeco R, Bromma K, Butterworth KT, Byrne HL, Chithrani BD, Cho SH, Cook JR, Favaudon V, Gholami YH, Gargioni E, Hainfeld JF, Hespeels F, Heuskin AC, Ibeh UM, Kuncic Z, Kunjachan S, Lacombe S, Lucas S, Lux F, McMahon S, Nevozhay D, Ngwa W, Payne JD, Penninckx S, Porcel E, Prise KM, Rabus H, Ridwan SM, Rudek B, Sanche L, Singh B, Smilowitz HM, Sokolov KV, Sridhar S, Stanishevskiy Y, Sung W, Tillement O, Virani N, Yantasee W, Krishnan S. Roadmap for metal nanoparticles in radiation therapy: current status, translational challenges, and future directions. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:21RM02. [PMID: 32380492 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This roadmap outlines the potential roles of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the field of radiation therapy. MNPs made up of a wide range of materials (from Titanium, Z = 22, to Bismuth, Z = 83) and a similarly wide spectrum of potential clinical applications, including diagnostic, therapeutic (radiation dose enhancers, hyperthermia inducers, drug delivery vehicles, vaccine adjuvants, photosensitizers, enhancers of immunotherapy) and theranostic (combining both diagnostic and therapeutic), are being fabricated and evaluated. This roadmap covers contributions from experts in these topics summarizing their view of the current status and challenges, as well as expected advancements in technology to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
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9
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Li WB, Belchior A, Beuve M, Chen YZ, Di Maria S, Friedland W, Gervais B, Heide B, Hocine N, Ipatov A, Klapproth AP, Li CY, Li JL, Multhoff G, Poignant F, Qiu R, Rabus H, Rudek B, Schuemann J, Stangl S, Testa E, Villagrasa C, Xie WZ, Zhang YB. Intercomparison of dose enhancement ratio and secondary electron spectra for gold nanoparticles irradiated by X-rays calculated using multiple Monte Carlo simulation codes. Phys Med 2020; 69:147-163. [PMID: 31918367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted radiation therapy has seen an increased interest in the past decade. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed enhanced radiation doses due to gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to tumors in mice and demonstrated a high potential for clinical application. However, finding a functionalized molecular formulation for actively targeting GNPs in tumor cells is challenging. Furthermore, the enhanced energy deposition by secondary electrons around GNPs, particularly by short-ranged Auger electrons is difficult to measure. Computational models, such as Monte Carlo (MC) radiation transport codes, have been used to estimate the physical quantities and effects of GNPs. However, as these codes differ from one to another, the reliability of physical and dosimetric quantities needs to be established at cellular and molecular levels, so that the subsequent biological effects can be assessed quantitatively. METHODS In this work, irradiation of single GNPs of 50 nm and 100 nm diameter by X-ray spectra generated by 50 and 100 peak kilovoltages was simulated for a defined geometry setup, by applying multiple MC codes in the EURADOS framework. RESULTS The mean dose enhancement ratio of the first 10 nm-thick water shell around a 100 nm GNP ranges from 400 for 100 kVp X-rays to 600 for 50 kVp X-rays with large uncertainty factors up to 2.3. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the absolute dose enhancement effects have large uncertainties and need an inter-code intercomparison for a high quality assurance; relative properties may be a better measure until more experimental data is available to constrain the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - A Belchior
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - M Beuve
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Y Z Chen
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - S Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - W Friedland
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - B Gervais
- Normandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, UMR 6252, BP 5133, F-14070 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - B Heide
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N Hocine
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - A Ipatov
- Alferov Federal State Budgetary Institution of Higher Education and Science Saint Petersburg National Research Academic University of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A P Klapproth
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - C Y Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Nuctech Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - J L Li
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - G Multhoff
- TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - F Poignant
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R Qiu
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - H Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany; Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Schuemann
- Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Stangl
- TranslaTUM, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Testa
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3 UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Villagrasa
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - W Z Xie
- Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Y B Zhang
- Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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Fantuzzi F, Wolff W, Quitián-Lara HM, Boechat-Roberty HM, Hilgers G, Rudek B, Nascimento MAC. Unexpected reversal of stability in strained systems containing one-electron bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24984-24992. [PMID: 31709438 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04964a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ring strain energy is a very well documented feature of neutral cycloalkanes, and influences their structural, thermochemical and reactivity properties. In this work, we apply density functional theory and high-level coupled cluster calculations to describe the geometry and relative stability of C6H12+˙ radical cations, whose cyclic isomers are prototypes of singly-charged cycloalkanes. Molecular ions with the mentioned stoichiometry were produced via electron impact experiments using a gaseous cyclohexane sample (20-2000 eV). From our calculations, in addition to structures that resemble linear and branched alkenes as well as distinct conformers of cyclohexane, we have found low-lying species containing three-, four- and five-membered rings with the presence of an elongated C-C bond. Remarkably, the stability trend of these ring-bearing radical cations is anomalous, and the three-membered species are up to 11.3 kcal mol-1 more stable than the six-membered chair structure. Generalized Valence Bond calculations and the Spin Coupled theory with N electrons and M orbitals were used in conjunction with the Generalized Product Function Energy Partitioning (GPF-EP) method and Interference Energy Analysis (IEA) to describe the chemical bonding in such moieties. Our results confirm that these elongated C-C motifs are one-electron sigma bonds. Our calculations also reveal the effects that drive thermochemical preference of strained systems over their strained-free isomers, and the origin of the unusual stability trend observed for cycloalkane radical cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fantuzzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wania Wolff
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Heidy M Quitián-Lara
- Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira do Pedro Antônio 43, 20080-090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Heloisa M Boechat-Roberty
- Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira do Pedro Antônio 43, 20080-090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gerhard Hilgers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany and Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology, 30 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marco Antonio Chaer Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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11
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Rudek B, McNamara A, Ramos-Méndez J, Byrne H, Kuncic Z, Schuemann J. Radio-enhancement by gold nanoparticles and their impact on water radiolysis for x-ray, proton and carbon-ion beams. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:175005. [PMID: 31295730 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (GNP) radio-enhancement is a promising technique to increase the dose deposition in a tumor while sparing neighboring healthy tissue. Previous experimental studies showed effects on cell survival and tumor control for keV x-rays but surprisingly also for MV-photons, proton and carbon-ion beams. In a systematic study, we use the Monte Carlo simulation tool TOPAS-nBio to model the GNP radio-enhancement within a cell as a function of GNP concentration, size and clustering for a wide range of energies for photons, protons and, for the first time, carbon-ions. Moreover, we include water radiolysis, which has been recognized as a major pathway of GNP mediated radio-enhancement. At a GNP concentration of 0.5% and a GNP diameter of 10 nm, the dose enhancement ratio was highest for 50 keV x-rays (1.36) and decreased in the orthovoltage (1.04 at 250 keV) and megavoltage range (1.01 at 1 MeV). The dose enhancement linearly increased with GNP concentration and decreased with GNP size and degree of clustering for all radiation modalities. While the highest physical dose enhancement at 5% concentrations was only 1.003 for 10 MeV protons and 1.004 for 100 MeV carbon-ions, we find the number of hydroxyl ([Formula: see text]) altered by 23% and 3% after 1 [Formula: see text]s at low, clinically-relevant concentrations. For the same concentration and proton-impact, the G-value is most sensitive to the nanoparticle size with 46 times more radical interactions at GNPs for 2 nm than for 50 nm GNP diameter within 1 [Formula: see text]s. Nanoparticle clustering was found to decrease the number of interactions at GNPs, e.g. for a cluster of 25 GNPs by a factor of 3.4. The changes in G-value correlate to the average distance between the chemical species and the GNPs. While the radiochemistry of GNP-loaded water has yet to be fully understood, this work offers a first relative quantification of radiolysis products for a broad parameter-set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Rudek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, United States of America. Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, United States of America. Department of Ionizing Radiation, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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12
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Wolff W, Rudek B, da Silva LA, Hilgers G, Montenegro EC, Homem MGP. Absolute ionization and dissociation cross sections of tetrahydrofuran: Fragmentation-ion production mechanisms. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Wolff
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - B. Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L. A. da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - G. Hilgers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - E. C. Montenegro
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - M. G. P. Homem
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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13
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Toyota K, Jurek Z, Son SK, Fukuzawa H, Ueda K, Berrah N, Rudek B, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Santra R. xcalib: a focal spot calibrator for intense X-ray free-electron laser pulses based on the charge state distributions of light atoms. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1017-1030. [PMID: 31274423 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The xcalib toolkit has been developed to calibrate the beam profile of an X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) at the focal spot based on the experimental charge state distributions (CSDs) of light atoms. Characterization of the fluence distribution at the focal spot is essential to perform the volume integrations of physical quantities for a quantitative comparison between theoretical and experimental results, especially for fluence-dependent quantities. The use of the CSDs of light atoms is advantageous because CSDs directly reflect experimental conditions at the focal spot, and the properties of light atoms have been well established in both theory and experiment. Theoretical CSDs are obtained using xatom, a toolkit to calculate atomic electronic structure and to simulate ionization dynamics of atoms exposed to intense XFEL pulses, which involves highly excited multiple core-hole states. Employing a simple function with a few parameters, the spatial profile of an XFEL beam is determined by minimizing the difference between theoretical and experimental results. The optimization procedure employing the reinforcement learning technique can automatize and organize calibration procedures which, before, had been performed manually. xcalib has high flexibility, simultaneously combining different optimization methods, sets of charge states, and a wide range of parameter space. Hence, in combination with xatom, xcalib serves as a comprehensive tool to calibrate the fluence profile of a tightly focused XFEL beam in the interaction region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koudai Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sang Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Rudek B, Toyota K, Foucar L, Erk B, Boll R, Bomme C, Correa J, Carron S, Boutet S, Williams GJ, Ferguson KR, Alonso-Mori R, Koglin JE, Gorkhover T, Bucher M, Lehmann CS, Krässig B, Southworth SH, Young L, Bostedt C, Ueda K, Marchenko T, Simon M, Jurek Z, Santra R, Rudenko A, Son SK, Rolles D. Relativistic and resonant effects in the ionization of heavy atoms by ultra-intense hard X-rays. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4200. [PMID: 30305630 PMCID: PMC6180123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate description of the interaction of intense hard X-ray pulses with heavy atoms, which is crucial for many applications of free-electron lasers, represents a hitherto unresolved challenge for theory because of the enormous number of electronic configurations and relativistic effects, which need to be taken into account. Here we report results on multiple ionization of xenon atoms by ultra-intense (about 1019 W/cm2) femtosecond X-ray pulses at photon energies from 5.5 to 8.3 keV and present a theoretical model capable of reproducing the experimental data in the entire energy range. Our analysis shows that the interplay of resonant and relativistic effects results in strongly structured charge state distributions, which reflect resonant positions of relativistically shifted electronic levels of highly charged ions created during the X-ray pulse. The theoretical approach described here provides a basis for accurate modeling of radiation damage in hard X-ray imaging experiments on targets with high-Z constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Koudai Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Cédric Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Correa
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Carron
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Garth J Williams
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Jason E Koglin
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Carl Stefan Lehmann
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Linda Young
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatiana Marchenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marc Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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15
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Fantuzzi F, Rudek B, Wolff W, Nascimento MAC. Doubly and Triply Charged Species Formed from Chlorobenzene Reveal Unusual C–Cl Multiple Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fantuzzi
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee
100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wania Wolff
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972, Brazil
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16
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Ribeiro FDA, Rudek B, Cerqueira HBA, Oliveira RR, Rocha AB, Rocco MLM, Wolff W. Fragment and cluster ions from gaseous and condensed pyridine produced under electron impact. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25762-25771. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04335c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ion-distribution from condensed pyridine due to 2 keV electron impact shows hydrogenated fragments and clusters with m/z ≤ 320 u and shifts towards higher masses compared to the gas-phase fragmentation. The formation of a bond between the pyridine and a carbenium ion is crucial for the stability of the selected cluster ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio de A. Ribeiro
- Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
- Braunschweig
- Germany
- Physics Dept
- Boston University
| | | | | | | | | | - Wania Wolff
- Instituto de Física
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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17
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Rudek B, Bennett D, Bug MU, Wang M, Baek WY, Buhr T, Hilgers G, Champion C, Rabus H. Double differential cross sections for proton induced electron emission from molecular analogues of DNA constituents for energies in the Bragg peak region. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:104301. [PMID: 27634254 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For track structure simulations in the Bragg peak region, measured electron emission cross sections of DNA constituents are required as input for developing parameterized model functions representing the scattering probabilities. In the present work, double differential cross sections were measured for the electron emission from vapor-phase pyrimidine, tetrahydrofuran, and trimethyl phosphate that are structural analogues to the base, the sugar, and the phosphate residue of the DNA, respectively. The range of proton energies was from 75 keV to 135 keV, the angles ranged from 15° to 135°, and the electron energies were measured from 10 eV to 200 eV. Single differential and total electron emission cross sections are derived by integration over angle and electron energy and compared to the semi-empirical Hansen-Kocbach-Stolterfoht (HKS) model and a quantum mechanical calculation employing the first Born approximation with corrected boundary conditions (CB1). The CB1 provides the best prediction of double and single differential cross section, while total cross sections can be fitted with semi-empirical models. The cross sections of the three samples are proportional to their total number of valence electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Bennett
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marion U Bug
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Woon Yong Baek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ticia Buhr
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilgers
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christophe Champion
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, 33 175 Gradignan Cedex, France
| | - Hans Rabus
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
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18
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van der Schot G, Svenda M, Maia FRNC, Hantke MF, DePonte DP, Seibert MM, Aquila A, Schulz J, Kirian RA, Liang M, Stellato F, Bari S, Iwan B, Andreasson J, Timneanu N, Bielecki J, Westphal D, Nunes de Almeida F, Odić D, Hasse D, Carlsson GH, Larsson DSD, Barty A, Martin AV, Schorb S, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Carron S, Ferguson K, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Epp SW, Foucar L, Rudek B, Erk B, Hartmann R, Kimmel N, Holl P, Englert L, Loh ND, Chapman HN, Andersson I, Hajdu J, Ekeberg T. Open data set of live cyanobacterial cells imaged using an X-ray laser. Sci Data 2016; 3:160058. [PMID: 27479514 PMCID: PMC4968219 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural studies on living cells by conventional methods are limited to low resolution because radiation damage kills cells long before the necessary dose for high resolution can be delivered. X-ray free-electron lasers circumvent this problem by outrunning key damage processes with an ultra-short and extremely bright coherent X-ray pulse. Diffraction-before-destruction experiments provide high-resolution data from cells that are alive when the femtosecond X-ray pulse traverses the sample. This paper presents two data sets from micron-sized cyanobacteria obtained at the Linac Coherent Light Source, containing a total of 199,000 diffraction patterns. Utilizing this type of diffraction data will require the development of new analysis methods and algorithms for studying structure and structural variability in large populations of cells and to create abstract models. Such studies will allow us to understand living cells and populations of cells in new ways. New X-ray lasers, like the European XFEL, will produce billions of pulses per day, and could open new areas in structural sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van der Schot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Svenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Max F Hantke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel P DePonte
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Marvin Seibert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew Aquila
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joachim Schulz
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Kirian
- Arizona State University, Physics Department, PO Box 871504, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1504, USA
| | - Mengning Liang
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,I.N.F.N. and Physics Department, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sadia Bari
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Iwan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,ELI beamlines, Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 1, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Bielecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Westphal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Duško Odić
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,Center for Technology Transfer and Innovation, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dirk Hasse
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla H Carlsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel S D Larsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew V Martin
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Schorb
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - John D Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'orme des Merisiers roundabout of St Aubin, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Sebastian Carron
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ken Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha W Epp
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nils Kimmel
- Max-Planck-Institut Halbleiterlabor, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Holl
- PNSensor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Englert
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching, Germany.,Ultrafast Coherent Dynamics Group, University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - N Duane Loh
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 Blk S1 A, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Henry N Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inger Andersson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janos Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.,European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Ekeberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Tanyag RMP, Bernando C, Jones CF, Bacellar C, Ferguson KR, Anielski D, Boll R, Carron S, Cryan JP, Englert L, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Gomez LF, Hartmann R, Neumark DM, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Siefermann KR, Ullrich J, Weise F, Bostedt C, Gessner O, Vilesov AF. Communication: X-ray coherent diffractive imaging by immersion in nanodroplets. Struct Dyn 2015; 2:051102. [PMID: 26798821 PMCID: PMC4711653 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lensless x-ray microscopy requires the recovery of the phase of the radiation scattered from a specimen. Here, we demonstrate a de novo phase retrieval technique by encapsulating an object in a superfluid helium nanodroplet, which provides both a physical support and an approximate scattering phase for the iterative image reconstruction. The technique is robust, fast-converging, and yields the complex density of the immersed object. Images of xenon clusters embedded in superfluid helium droplets reveal transient configurations of quantum vortices in this fragile system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Curtis F Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Sebastian Carron
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Lars Englert
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Giessenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Luis F Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Katrin R Siefermann
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Fabian Weise
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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20
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Stern S, Holmegaard L, Filsinger F, Rouzée A, Rudenko A, Johnsson P, Martin AV, Barty A, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Coffee R, Epp S, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Kimmel N, Kühnel KU, Maurer J, Messerschmidt M, Rudek B, Starodub D, Thøgersen J, Weidenspointner G, White TA, Stapelfeldt H, Rolles D, Chapman HN, Küpper J. Toward atomic resolution diffractive imaging of isolated molecules with X-ray free-electron lasers. Faraday Discuss 2015; 171:393-418. [PMID: 25415561 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00028e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We give a detailed account of the theoretical analysis and the experimental results of an X-ray-diffraction experiment on quantum-state selected and strongly laser-aligned gas-phase ensembles of the prototypical large asymmetric rotor molecule 2,5-diiodobenzonitrile, performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source [Phys. Rev. Lett.112, 083002 (2014)]. This experiment is the first step toward coherent diffractive imaging of structures and structural dynamics of isolated molecules at atomic resolution, i.e., picometers and femtoseconds, using X-ray free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stern
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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21
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van der Schot G, Svenda M, Maia FRNC, Hantke M, DePonte DP, Seibert MM, Aquila A, Schulz J, Kirian R, Liang M, Stellato F, Iwan B, Andreasson J, Timneanu N, Westphal D, Almeida FN, Odic D, Hasse D, Carlsson GH, Larsson DSD, Barty A, Martin AV, Schorb S, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Epp S, Foucar L, Rudek B, Hartmann R, Kimmel N, Holl P, Englert L, Duane Loh NT, Chapman HN, Andersson I, Hajdu J, Ekeberg T. Imaging single cells in a beam of live cyanobacteria with an X-ray laser. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5704. [PMID: 25669616 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists a conspicuous gap of knowledge about the organization of life at mesoscopic levels. Ultra-fast coherent diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers can probe structures at the relevant length scales and may reach sub-nanometer resolution on micron-sized living cells. Here we show that we can introduce a beam of aerosolised cyanobacteria into the focus of the Linac Coherent Light Source and record diffraction patterns from individual living cells at very low noise levels and at high hit ratios. We obtain two-dimensional projection images directly from the diffraction patterns, and present the results as synthetic X-ray Nomarski images calculated from the complex-valued reconstructions. We further demonstrate that it is possible to record diffraction data to nanometer resolution on live cells with X-ray lasers. Extension to sub-nanometer resolution is within reach, although improvements in pulse parameters and X-ray area detectors will be necessary to unlock this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs van der Schot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Svenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden [2] Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road Mail Stop 943-256, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Max Hantke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel P DePonte
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Marvin Seibert
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden [2] LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Andrew Aquila
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] The European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulz
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] The European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Kirian
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mengning Liang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Stellato
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] I.N.F.N. and Physics Department, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Iwan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Westphal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Nunes Almeida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dusko Odic
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dirk Hasse
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla H Carlsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel S D Larsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anton Barty
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road Mail Stop 943-256, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrew V Martin
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-ray Science, School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Schorb
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - John D Bozek
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 331 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Sascha Epp
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Nils Kimmel
- 1] PNSensor GmbH, Römerstrasse 28, 80803 München, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Holl
- PNSensor GmbH, Römerstrasse 28, 80803 München, Germany
| | - Lars Englert
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ne-Te Duane Loh
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Henry N Chapman
- 1] Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany [2] University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Inger Andersson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janos Hajdu
- 1] Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden [2] The European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Ekeberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Gomez LF, Ferguson KR, Cryan JP, Bacellar C, Tanyag RMP, Jones C, Schorb S, Anielski D, Belkacem A, Bernando C, Boll R, Bozek J, Carron S, Chen G, Delmas T, Englert L, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Hexemer A, Huth M, Kwok J, Leone SR, Ma JHS, Maia FRNC, Malmerberg E, Marchesini S, Neumark DM, Poon B, Prell J, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Seifrid M, Siefermann KR, Sturm FP, Swiggers M, Ullrich J, Weise F, Zwart P, Bostedt C, Gessner O, Vilesov AF. Shapes and vorticities of superfluid helium nanodroplets. Science 2014; 345:906-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1252395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ken R. Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James P. Cryan
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rico Mayro P. Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Curtis Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sebastian Schorb
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Denis Anielski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ali Belkacem
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - John Bozek
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Carron
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Advanced Light Source, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Tjark Delmas
- CFEL, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Englert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - Sascha W. Epp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Huth
- PNSensor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
| | - Justin Kwok
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan H. S. Ma
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Filipe R. N. C. Maia
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erik Malmerberg
- Physical Biosciences Division, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Calfornia Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stefano Marchesini
- Advanced Light Source, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Billy Poon
- Physical Biosciences Division, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - James Prell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- James R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Martin Seifrid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Katrin R. Siefermann
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Felix P. Sturm
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michele Swiggers
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Weise
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Petrus Zwart
- Physical Biosciences Division, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrey F. Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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23
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Boll R, Rouzée A, Adolph M, Anielski D, Aquila A, Bari S, Bomme C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Chapman HN, Christensen L, Coffee R, Coppola N, De S, Decleva P, Epp SW, Erk B, Filsinger F, Foucar L, Gorkhover T, Gumprecht L, Hömke A, Holmegaard L, Johnsson P, Kienitz JS, Kierspel T, Krasniqi F, Kühnel KU, Maurer J, Messerschmidt M, Moshammer R, Müller NLM, Rudek B, Savelyev E, Schlichting I, Schmidt C, Scholz F, Schorb S, Schulz J, Seltmann J, Stener M, Stern S, Techert S, Thøgersen J, Trippel S, Viefhaus J, Vrakking M, Stapelfeldt H, Küpper J, Ullrich J, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:57-80. [PMID: 25290160 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray free-electron laser. We present results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C(8)H(5)F) and dissociating, laser-aligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C(6)H(4)Br(2)) molecules and discuss them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules. We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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24
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Erk B, Boll R, Trippel S, Anielski D, Foucar L, Rudek B, Epp SW, Coffee R, Carron S, Schorb S, Ferguson KR, Swiggers M, Bozek JD, Simon M, Marchenko T, Küpper J, Schlichting I, Ullrich J, Bostedt C, Rolles D, Rudenko A. Imaging charge transfer in iodomethane upon x-ray photoabsorption. Science 2014; 345:288-91. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1253607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trippel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Denis Anielski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sascha W. Epp
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryan Coffee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025 Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Carron
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025 Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Schorb
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025 Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ken R. Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025 Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Michele Swiggers
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025 Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - John D. Bozek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025 Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Marc Simon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Marchenko
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005, Paris, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilme Schlichting
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 94025 Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group at CFEL, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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25
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Andreasson J, Martin AV, Liang M, Timneanu N, Aquila A, Wang F, Iwan B, Svenda M, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Bielecki J, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Erk B, Rudek B, Chapman HN, Hajdu J, Barty A. Automated identification and classification of single particle serial femtosecond X-ray diffraction data. Opt Express 2014; 22:2497-2510. [PMID: 24663542 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.002497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The first hard X-ray laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), produces 120 shots per second. Particles injected into the X-ray beam are hit randomly and in unknown orientations by the extremely intense X-ray pulses, where the femtosecond-duration X-ray pulses diffract from the sample before the particle structure is significantly changed even though the sample is ultimately destroyed by the deposited X-ray energy. Single particle X-ray diffraction experiments generate data at the FEL repetition rate, resulting in more than 400,000 detector readouts in an hour, the data stream during an experiment contains blank frames mixed with hits on single particles, clusters and contaminants. The diffraction signal is generally weak and it is superimposed on a low but continually fluctuating background signal, originating from photon noise in the beam line and electronic noise from the detector. Meanwhile, explosion of the sample creates fragments with a characteristic signature. Here, we describe methods based on rapid image analysis combined with ion Time-of-Flight (ToF) spectroscopy of the fragments to achieve an efficient, automated and unsupervised sorting of diffraction data. The studies described here form a basis for the development of real-time frame rejection methods, e.g. for the European XFEL, which is expected to produce 100 million pulses per hour.
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26
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Park HJ, Loh ND, Sierra RG, Hampton CY, Starodub D, Martin AV, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Lomb L, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege S, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Strueder L, Ullrich J, Bucksbaum P, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ, Elser V. Toward unsupervised single-shot diffractive imaging of heterogeneous particles using X-ray free-electron lasers. Opt Express 2013; 21:28729-42. [PMID: 24514385 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.028729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Single shot diffraction imaging experiments via X-ray free-electron lasers can generate as many as hundreds of thousands of diffraction patterns of scattering objects. Recovering the real space contrast of a scattering object from these patterns currently requires a reconstruction process with user guidance in a number of steps, introducing severe bottlenecks in data processing. We present a series of measures that replace user guidance with algorithms that reconstruct contrasts in an unsupervised fashion. We demonstrate the feasibility of automating the reconstruction process by generating hundreds of contrasts obtained from soot particle diffraction experiments.
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27
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Starodub D, Aquila A, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Doak RB, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Gumprecht L, Hampton CY, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Holl P, Kassemeyer S, Kimmel N, Laksmono H, Liang M, Loh ND, Lomb L, Martin AV, Nass K, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schulz J, Shoeman RL, Sierra RG, Soltau H, Steinbrener J, Stellato F, Stern S, Weidenspointner G, Frank M, Ullrich J, Strüder L, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Spence JCH, Bogan MJ. Single-particle structure determination by correlations of snapshot X-ray diffraction patterns. Nat Commun 2013; 3:1276. [PMID: 23232406 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffractive imaging with free-electron lasers allows structure determination from ensembles of weakly scattering identical nanoparticles. The ultra-short, ultra-bright X-ray pulses provide snapshots of the randomly oriented particles frozen in time, and terminate before the onset of structural damage. As signal strength diminishes for small particles, the synthesis of a three-dimensional diffraction volume requires simultaneous involvement of all data. Here we report the first application of a three-dimensional spatial frequency correlation analysis to carry out this synthesis from noisy single-particle femtosecond X-ray diffraction patterns of nearly identical samples in random and unknown orientations, collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Our demonstration uses unsupported test particles created via aerosol self-assembly, and composed of two polystyrene spheres of equal diameter. The correlation analysis avoids the need for orientation determination entirely. This method may be applied to the structural determination of biological macromolecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Starodub
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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28
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Loh ND, Starodub D, Lomb L, Hampton CY, Martin AV, Sierra RG, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, White TA, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege S, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Strueder L, Ullrich J, Bucksbaum P, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ. Sensing the wavefront of x-ray free-electron lasers using aerosol spheres. Opt Express 2013; 21:12385-12394. [PMID: 23736456 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.012385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing intense, focused x-ray free electron laser (FEL) pulses is crucial for their use in diffractive imaging. We describe how the distribution of average phase tilts and intensities on hard x-ray pulses with peak intensities of 10(21) W/m(2) can be retrieved from an ensemble of diffraction patterns produced by 70 nm-radius polystyrene spheres, in a manner that mimics wavefront sensors. Besides showing that an adaptive geometric correction may be necessary for diffraction data from randomly injected sample sources, our paper demonstrates the possibility of collecting statistics on structured pulses using only the diffraction patterns they generate and highlights the imperative to study its impact on single-particle diffractive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Duane Loh
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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29
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Fukuzawa H, Son SK, Motomura K, Mondal S, Nagaya K, Wada S, Liu XJ, Feifel R, Tachibana T, Ito Y, Kimura M, Sakai T, Matsunami K, Hayashita H, Kajikawa J, Johnsson P, Siano M, Kukk E, Rudek B, Erk B, Foucar L, Robert E, Miron C, Tono K, Inubushi Y, Hatsui T, Yabashi M, Yao M, Santra R, Ueda K. Deep inner-shell multiphoton ionization by intense x-ray free-electron laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:173005. [PMID: 23679721 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.173005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated multiphoton multiple ionization dynamics of xenon atoms using a new x-ray free-electron laser facility, SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) in Japan, and identified that Xe(n+) with n up to 26 is produced at a photon energy of 5.5 keV. The observed high charge states (n≥24) are produced via five-photon absorption, evidencing the occurrence of multiphoton absorption involving deep inner shells. A newly developed theoretical model, which shows good agreement with the experiment, elucidates the complex pathways of sequential electronic decay cascades accessible in heavy atoms. The present study of heavy-atom ionization dynamics in high-intensity hard-x-ray pulses makes a step forward towards molecular structure determination with x-ray free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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30
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Barends TRM, Foucar L, Shoeman RL, Bari S, Epp SW, Hartmann R, Hauser G, Huth M, Kieser C, Lomb L, Motomura K, Nagaya K, Schmidt C, Strecker R, Anielski D, Boll R, Erk B, Fukuzawa H, Hartmann E, Hatsui T, Holl P, Inubushi Y, Ishikawa T, Kassemeyer S, Kaiser C, Koeck F, Kunishima N, Kurka M, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Sato T, Schroeter CD, Soltau H, Strueder L, Tanaka T, Togashi T, Tono K, Ullrich J, Yase S, Wada SI, Yao M, Yabashi M, Ueda K, Schlichting I. Anomalous signal from S atoms in protein crystallographic data from an X-ray free-electron laser. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2013; 69:838-42. [PMID: 23633593 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) enable crystallographic data collection using extremely bright femtosecond pulses from microscopic crystals beyond the limitations of conventional radiation damage. This diffraction-before-destruction approach requires a new crystal for each FEL shot and, since the crystals cannot be rotated during the X-ray pulse, data collection requires averaging over many different crystals and a Monte Carlo integration of the diffraction intensities, making the accurate determination of structure factors challenging. To investigate whether sufficient accuracy can be attained for the measurement of anomalous signal, a large data set was collected from lysozyme microcrystals at the newly established `multi-purpose spectroscopy/imaging instrument' of the SPring-8 Ångstrom Compact Free-Electron Laser (SACLA) at RIKEN Harima. Anomalous difference density maps calculated from these data demonstrate that serial femtosecond crystallography using a free-electron laser is sufficiently accurate to measure even the very weak anomalous signal of naturally occurring S atoms in a protein at a photon energy of 7.3 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R M Barends
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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31
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Erk B, Rolles D, Foucar L, Rudek B, Epp SW, Cryle M, Bostedt C, Schorb S, Bozek J, Rouzee A, Hundertmark A, Marchenko T, Simon M, Filsinger F, Christensen L, De S, Trippel S, Küpper J, Stapelfeldt H, Wada S, Ueda K, Swiggers M, Messerschmidt M, Schröter CD, Moshammer R, Schlichting I, Ullrich J, Rudenko A. Ultrafast charge rearrangement and nuclear dynamics upon inner-shell multiple ionization of small polyatomic molecules. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:053003. [PMID: 23414017 DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/46/16/164031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Ionization and fragmentation of methylselenol (CH(3)SeH) molecules by intense (>10(17) W/cm(2)) 5 fs x-ray pulses (ħω=2 keV) are studied by coincident ion momentum spectroscopy. We contrast the measured charge state distribution with data on atomic Kr, determine kinetic energies of resulting ionic fragments, and compare them to the outcome of a Coulomb explosion model. We find signatures of ultrafast charge redistribution from the inner-shell ionized Se atom to its molecular partners, and observe significant displacement of the atomic constituents in the course of multiple ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Erk
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group (ASG) at CFEL, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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32
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Erk B, Rolles D, Foucar L, Rudek B, Epp SW, Cryle M, Bostedt C, Schorb S, Bozek J, Rouzee A, Hundertmark A, Marchenko T, Simon M, Filsinger F, Christensen L, De S, Trippel S, Küpper J, Stapelfeldt H, Wada S, Ueda K, Swiggers M, Messerschmidt M, Schröter CD, Moshammer R, Schlichting I, Ullrich J, Rudenko A. Ultrafast charge rearrangement and nuclear dynamics upon inner-shell multiple ionization of small polyatomic molecules. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:053003. [PMID: 23414017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.053003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionization and fragmentation of methylselenol (CH(3)SeH) molecules by intense (>10(17) W/cm(2)) 5 fs x-ray pulses (ħω=2 keV) are studied by coincident ion momentum spectroscopy. We contrast the measured charge state distribution with data on atomic Kr, determine kinetic energies of resulting ionic fragments, and compare them to the outcome of a Coulomb explosion model. We find signatures of ultrafast charge redistribution from the inner-shell ionized Se atom to its molecular partners, and observe significant displacement of the atomic constituents in the course of multiple ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Erk
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group (ASG) at CFEL, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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33
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Loh ND, Hampton CY, Martin AV, Starodub D, Sierra RG, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Lomb L, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, White TA, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege SP, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bucksbaum P, Hodgson KO, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ. Erratum: Fractal morphology, imaging and mass spectrometry of single aerosol particles in flight. Nature 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Loh ND, Hampton CY, Martin AV, Starodub D, Sierra RG, Barty A, Aquila A, Schulz J, Lomb L, Steinbrener J, Shoeman RL, Kassemeyer S, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Epp SW, Erk B, Hartmann R, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B, Foucar L, Kimmel N, Weidenspointner G, Hauser G, Holl P, Pedersoli E, Liang M, Hunter MS, Hunter MM, Gumprecht L, Coppola N, Wunderer C, Graafsma H, Maia FRNC, Ekeberg T, Hantke M, Fleckenstein H, Hirsemann H, Nass K, White TA, Tobias HJ, Farquar GR, Benner WH, Hau-Riege SP, Reich C, Hartmann A, Soltau H, Marchesini S, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bucksbaum P, Hodgson KO, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Frank M, Schlichting I, Chapman HN, Bogan MJ. Fractal morphology, imaging and mass spectrometry of single aerosol particles in flight. Nature 2012; 486:513-7. [PMID: 22739316 DOI: 10.1038/nature11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of micrometre-size particulate matter is of critical importance in fields ranging from toxicology to climate science, yet these properties are surprisingly difficult to measure in the particles' native environment. Electron microscopy requires collection of particles on a substrate; visible light scattering provides insufficient resolution; and X-ray synchrotron studies have been limited to ensembles of particles. Here we demonstrate an in situ method for imaging individual sub-micrometre particles to nanometre resolution in their native environment, using intense, coherent X-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser. We introduced individual aerosol particles into the pulsed X-ray beam, which is sufficiently intense that diffraction from individual particles can be measured for morphological analysis. At the same time, ion fragments ejected from the beam were analysed using mass spectrometry, to determine the composition of single aerosol particles. Our results show the extent of internal dilation symmetry of individual soot particles subject to non-equilibrium aggregation, and the surprisingly large variability in their fractal dimensions. More broadly, our methods can be extended to resolve both static and dynamic morphology of general ensembles of disordered particles. Such general morphology has implications in topics such as solvent accessibilities in proteins, vibrational energy transfer by the hydrodynamic interaction of amino acids, and large-scale production of nanoscale structures by flame synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Loh
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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35
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Gorkhover T, Adolph M, Rupp D, Schorb S, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Kimmel N, Kühnel KU, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Andritschke R, Aquila A, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Erke T, Filsinger F, Gorke H, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hauser G, Herrmann S, Hirsemann H, Hömke A, Holl P, Kaiser C, Krasniqi F, Meyer JH, Matysek M, Messerschmidt M, Miessner D, Nilsson B, Pietschner D, Potdevin G, Reich C, Schaller G, Schmidt C, Schopper F, Schröter CD, Schulz J, Soltau H, Weidenspointner G, Schlichting I, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Möller T, Bostedt C. Nanoplasma dynamics of single large xenon clusters irradiated with superintense x-ray pulses from the linac coherent light source free-electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:245005. [PMID: 23004284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.245005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The plasma dynamics of single mesoscopic Xe particles irradiated with intense femtosecond x-ray pulses exceeding 10(16) W/cm2 from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser are investigated. Simultaneous recording of diffraction patterns and ion spectra allows eliminating the influence of the laser focal volume intensity and particle size distribution. The data show that for clusters illuminated with intense x-ray pulses, highly charged ionization fragments in a narrow distribution are created and that the nanoplasma recombination is efficiently suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gorkhover
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Martin AV, Loh ND, Hampton CY, Sierra RG, Wang F, Aquila A, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Frank M, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Kassemeyer S, Kimmel N, Liang M, Lomb L, Maia FRNC, Marchesini S, Nass K, Pedersoli E, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schulz J, Shoeman RL, Soltau H, Starodub D, Steinbrener J, Stellato F, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Weidenspointner G, White TA, Wunderer CB, Barty A, Schlichting I, Bogan MJ, Chapman HN. Femtosecond dark-field imaging with an X-ray free electron laser. Opt Express 2012; 20:13501-12. [PMID: 22714377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.013501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of femtosecond diffractive imaging with X-ray lasers has enabled pioneering structural studies of isolated particles, such as viruses, at nanometer length scales. However, the issue of missing low frequency data significantly limits the potential of X-ray lasers to reveal sub-nanometer details of micrometer-sized samples. We have developed a new technique of dark-field coherent diffractive imaging to simultaneously overcome the missing data issue and enable us to harness the unique contrast mechanisms available in dark-field microscopy. Images of airborne particulate matter (soot) up to two microns in length were obtained using single-shot diffraction patterns obtained at the Linac Coherent Light Source, four times the size of objects previously imaged in similar experiments. This technique opens the door to femtosecond diffractive imaging of a wide range of micrometer-sized materials that exhibit irreproducible complexity down to the nanoscale, including airborne particulate matter, small cells, bacteria and gold-labeled biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Martin
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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37
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Hau-Riege SP, Graf A, Döppner T, London RA, Krzywinski J, Fortmann C, Glenzer SH, Frank M, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Messerschmidt M, Bostedt C, Schorb S, Bradley JA, Lutman A, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Rudek B. Ultrafast transitions from solid to liquid and plasma states of graphite induced by x-ray free-electron laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:217402. [PMID: 23003301 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.217402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We used photon pulses from an x-ray free-electron laser to study ultrafast x-ray-induced transitions of graphite from solid to liquid and plasma states. This was accomplished by isochoric heating of graphite samples and simultaneous probing via Bragg and diffuse scattering at high time resolution. We observe that disintegration of the crystal lattice and ion heating of up to 5 eV occur within tens of femtoseconds. The threshold fluence for Bragg-peak degradation is smaller and the ion-heating rate is faster than current x-ray-matter interaction models predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Hau-Riege
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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38
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Kassemeyer S, Steinbrener J, Lomb L, Hartmann E, Aquila A, Barty A, Martin AV, Hampton CY, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barends TRM, Bostedt C, Bott M, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Cryle M, DePonte DP, Doak RB, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Hömke A, Holl P, Jönsson O, Kimmel N, Krasniqi F, Liang M, Maia FRNC, Marchesini S, Nass K, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schmidt C, Schulz J, Shoeman RL, Sierra RG, Soltau H, Spence JCH, Starodub D, Stellato F, Stern S, Stier G, Svenda M, Weidenspointner G, Weierstall U, White TA, Wunderer C, Frank M, Chapman HN, Ullrich J, Strüder L, Bogan MJ, Schlichting I. Femtosecond free-electron laser x-ray diffraction data sets for algorithm development. Opt Express 2012; 20:4149-58. [PMID: 22418172 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.004149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe femtosecond X-ray diffraction data sets of viruses and nanoparticles collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source. The data establish the first large benchmark data sets for coherent diffraction methods freely available to the public, to bolster the development of algorithms that are essential for developing this novel approach as a useful imaging technique. Applications are 2D reconstructions, orientation classification and finally 3D imaging by assembling 2D patterns into a 3D diffraction volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Kassemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Aquila A, Hunter MS, Doak RB, Kirian RA, Fromme P, White TA, Andreasson J, Arnlund D, Bajt S, Barends TRM, Barthelmess M, Bogan MJ, Bostedt C, Bottin H, Bozek JD, Caleman C, Coppola N, Davidsson J, DePonte DP, Elser V, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Frank M, Fromme R, Graafsma H, Grotjohann I, Gumprecht L, Hajdu J, Hampton CY, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Hau-Riege S, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Holton JM, Hömke A, Johansson L, Kimmel N, Kassemeyer S, Krasniqi F, Kühnel KU, Liang M, Lomb L, Malmerberg E, Marchesini S, Martin AV, Maia FRNC, Messerschmidt M, Nass K, Reich C, Neutze R, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schlichting I, Schmidt C, Schmidt KE, Schulz J, Seibert MM, Shoeman RL, Sierra R, Soltau H, Starodub D, Stellato F, Stern S, Strüder L, Timneanu N, Ullrich J, Wang X, Williams GJ, Weidenspointner G, Weierstall U, Wunderer C, Barty A, Spence JCH, Chapman HN. Time-resolved protein nanocrystallography using an X-ray free-electron laser. Opt Express 2012; 20:2706-16. [PMID: 22330507 PMCID: PMC3413412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of an X-ray free electron laser synchronized with an optical pump laser to obtain X-ray diffraction snapshots from the photoactivated states of large membrane protein complexes in the form of nanocrystals flowing in a liquid jet. Light-induced changes of Photosystem I-Ferredoxin co-crystals were observed at time delays of 5 to 10 µs after excitation. The result correlates with the microsecond kinetics of electron transfer from Photosystem I to ferredoxin. The undocking process that follows the electron transfer leads to large rearrangements in the crystals that will terminally lead to the disintegration of the crystals. We describe the experimental setup and obtain the first time-resolved femtosecond serial X-ray crystallography results from an irreversible photo-chemical reaction at the Linac Coherent Light Source. This technique opens the door to time-resolved structural studies of reaction dynamics in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Aquila
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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40
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Koopmann R, Cupelli K, Redecke L, Nass K, Deponte DP, White TA, Stellato F, Rehders D, Liang M, Andreasson J, Aquila A, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Bogan MJ, Bostedt C, Boutet S, Bozek JD, Caleman C, Coppola N, Davidsson J, Doak RB, Ekeberg T, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hajdu J, Hampton CY, Hartmann A, Hartmann R, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Hunter MS, Kassemeyer S, Kirian RA, Lomb L, Maia FRNC, Kimmel N, Martin AV, Messerschmidt M, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schlichting I, Schulz J, Seibert MM, Shoeman RL, Sierra RG, Soltau H, Stern S, Strüder L, Timneanu N, Ullrich J, Wang X, Weidenspointner G, Weierstall U, Williams GJ, Wunderer CB, Fromme P, Spence JCH, Stehle T, Chapman HN, Betzel C, Duszenko M. In vivo protein crystallization opens new routes in structural biology. Nat Methods 2012; 9:259-62. [PMID: 22286384 PMCID: PMC3429599 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein crystallization in cells has been observed several times in nature. However, owing to their small size these crystals have not yet been used for X-ray crystallographic analysis. We prepared nano-sized in vivo-grown crystals of Trypanosoma brucei enzymes and applied the emerging method of free-electron laser-based serial femtosecond crystallography to record interpretable diffraction data. This combined approach will open new opportunities in structural systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Koopmann
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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41
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Barty A, Caleman C, Aquila A, Timneanu N, Lomb L, White TA, Andreasson J, Arnlund D, Bajt S, Barends TRM, Barthelmess M, Bogan MJ, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Coffee R, Coppola N, Davidsson J, DePonte DP, Doak RB, Ekeberg T, Elser V, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Fromme P, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hajdu J, Hampton CY, Hartmann R, Hartmann A, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Hunter MS, Johansson L, Kassemeyer S, Kimmel N, Kirian RA, Liang M, Maia FRNC, Malmerberg E, Marchesini S, Martin AV, Nass K, Neutze R, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Scott H, Schlichting I, Schulz J, Seibert MM, Shoeman RL, Sierra RG, Soltau H, Spence JCH, Stellato F, Stern S, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Wang X, Weidenspointner G, Weierstall U, Wunderer CB, Chapman HN. Self-terminating diffraction gates femtosecond X-ray nanocrystallography measurements. Nat Photonics 2012; 6:35-40. [PMID: 24078834 PMCID: PMC3783007 DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2011.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled new approaches to the structural determination of protein crystals that are too small or radiation-sensitive for conventional analysis1. For sufficiently short pulses, diffraction is collected before significant changes occur to the sample, and it has been predicted that pulses as short as 10 fs may be required to acquire atomic-resolution structural information1-4. Here, we describe a mechanism unique to ultrafast, ultra-intense X-ray experiments that allows structural information to be collected from crystalline samples using high radiation doses without the requirement for the pulse to terminate before the onset of sample damage. Instead, the diffracted X-rays are gated by a rapid loss of crystalline periodicity, producing apparent pulse lengths significantly shorter than the duration of the incident pulse. The shortest apparent pulse lengths occur at the highest resolution, and our measurements indicate that current X-ray free-electron laser technology5 should enable structural determination from submicrometre protein crystals with atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.B. and H.N.C., ;
| | - Carl Caleman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Aquila
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lukas Lomb
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas A. White
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Arnlund
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saša Bajt
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas R. M. Barends
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael J. Bogan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - John D. Bozek
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nicola Coppola
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Davidsson
- Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel P. DePonte
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Bruce Doak
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Tomas Ekeberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veit Elser
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Sascha W. Epp
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Fleckenstein
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Fromme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Heinz Graafsma
- Photon Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Gumprecht
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janos Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Y. Hampton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Günter Hauser
- Max-Planck-Institut Halbleiterlabor, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Peter Holl
- PN Sensor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | - Linda Johansson
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Kassemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Kimmel
- Max-Planck-Institut Halbleiterlabor, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - Richard A. Kirian
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Mengning Liang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Erik Malmerberg
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Andrew V. Martin
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karol Nass
- University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Neutze
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Rolles
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Howard Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Ilme Schlichting
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Schulz
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Marvin Seibert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert L. Shoeman
- Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raymond G. Sierra
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Heike Soltau
- PN Sensor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
| | - John C. H. Spence
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Francesco Stellato
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stern
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lothar Strüder
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut Halbleiterlabor, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X. Wang
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Georg Weidenspointner
- Max-Planck-Institut Halbleiterlabor, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | | | - Henry N. Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.B. and H.N.C., ;
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Lomb L, Barends TRM, Kassemeyer S, Aquila A, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Rudek B, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Shoeman RL, Andreasson J, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Bogan MJ, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Caleman C, Coffee R, Coppola N, Deponte DP, Doak RB, Ekeberg T, Fleckenstein H, Fromme P, Gebhardt M, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hampton CY, Hartmann A, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Holton JM, Hunter MS, Kabsch W, Kimmel N, Kirian RA, Liang M, Maia FRNC, Meinhart A, Marchesini S, Martin AV, Nass K, Reich C, Schulz J, Seibert MM, Sierra R, Soltau H, Spence JCH, Steinbrener J, Stellato F, Stern S, Timneanu N, Wang X, Weidenspointner G, Weierstall U, White TA, Wunderer C, Chapman HN, Ullrich J, Strüder L, Schlichting I. Radiation damage in protein serial femtosecond crystallography using an x-ray free-electron laser. Phys Rev B Condens Matter Mater Phys 2011; 84:214111. [PMID: 24089594 PMCID: PMC3786679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.84.214111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers deliver intense femtosecond pulses that promise to yield high resolution diffraction data of nanocrystals before the destruction of the sample by radiation damage. Diffraction intensities of lysozyme nanocrystals collected at the Linac Coherent Light Source using 2 keV photons were used for structure determination by molecular replacement and analyzed for radiation damage as a function of pulse length and fluence. Signatures of radiation damage are observed for pulses as short as 70 fs. Parametric scaling used in conventional crystallography does not account for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lomb
- Max-Planck Institut für medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, DE-69120 Heidelberg, Germany ; Max Planck Advanced Study Group, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Notkestrasse 85, DE-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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Yoon CH, Schwander P, Abergel C, Andersson I, Andreasson J, Aquila A, Bajt S, Barthelmess M, Barty A, Bogan MJ, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Chapman HN, Claverie JM, Coppola N, DePonte DP, Ekeberg T, Epp SW, Erk B, Fleckenstein H, Foucar L, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hajdu J, Hampton CY, Hartmann A, Hartmann E, Hartmann R, Hauser G, Hirsemann H, Holl P, Kassemeyer S, Kimmel N, Kiskinova M, Liang M, Loh NTD, Lomb L, Maia FRNC, Martin AV, Nass K, Pedersoli E, Reich C, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Schlichting I, Schulz J, Seibert M, Seltzer V, Shoeman RL, Sierra RG, Soltau H, Starodub D, Steinbrener J, Stier G, Strüder L, Svenda M, Ullrich J, Weidenspointner G, White TA, Wunderer C, Ourmazd A. Unsupervised classification of single-particle X-ray diffraction snapshots by spectral clustering. Opt Express 2011; 19:16542-9. [PMID: 21935018 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.016542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle experiments using X-ray Free Electron Lasers produce more than 10(5) snapshots per hour, consisting of an admixture of blank shots (no particle intercepted), and exposures of one or more particles. Experimental data sets also often contain unintentional contamination with different species. We present an unsupervised method able to sort experimental snapshots without recourse to templates, specific noise models, or user-directed learning. The results show 90% agreement with manual classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hong Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1900 East Kenwood Blvd, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, USA
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Adaniya H, Rudek B, Osipov T, Haxton DJ, Weber T, Rescigno TN, McCurdy CW, Belkacem A. Imaging the molecular dynamics of dissociative electron attachment to water. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:233201. [PMID: 20366147 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Momentum imaging experiments on dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to a water molecule are combined with ab initio theoretical calculations of the angular dependence of the quantum mechanical amplitude for electron attachment to provide a detailed picture of the molecular dynamics of dissociation attachment via the two lowest energy Feshbach resonances. The combination of momentum imaging experiments and theory can reveal dissociation dynamics for which the axial recoil approximation breaks down and thus provides a powerful reaction microscope for DEA to polyatomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Adaniya
- Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Abstract
A rare case of a giant pulmonary chondromatous hamartoma (15 cm, 1350 g) resected by a new laser system (Nd:YAG, 1318 nm, 40 W) is presented. The laser management of a hamartoma resection--the largest reported to date in the literature--is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pereszlenyi
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Center for Pneumology, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Coswig Specialized Hospital, Coswig/Dresden, Germany.
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Büchler P, Pfannschmidt J, Rudek B, Dienemann H, Lehnert T. Surgical treatment of hepatic and pulmonary metastases from non-colorectal and non-neuroendocrine carcinoma. Scand J Surg 2003; 91:147-54. [PMID: 12164514 DOI: 10.1177/145749690209100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection is standard treatment for colorectal and neuroendocrine liver metases provided the tumor can be removed completely. The same is true for isolated pulmonary metastases. To date, only few reports have addressed the value of surgical resection of organ metastases from other solid tumors. METHODS The literature was searched by Medline, conference proceedings and cross-referencing of published articles for information pertaining to the long-term results of surgical treatment of non-colorectal and non-neuroendocrine (NCNN) liver or lung metastases. RESULTS Resection of hepatic and pulmonary metastases is increasingly performed in non-colorectal and non-neuroendocrine malignancies. Mortality and morbidity of hepatic and pulmonary resection are low and 5 year survival can be expected to reach some 20-30 percent, irrespective of the histological type of the primary tumor. CONCLUSION Resection of hepatic or pulmonary metastasis should be considered in all patients with low operative risk provided that complete resection is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Büchler
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, FRG
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Abstract
The appearence of distant metastases or local recurrence is assumed to render gastric cancer incurable. However, experience with colorectal cancer has shown that patients with recurrent disease may have a chance for cure, if recurrent or metastatic disease can be completely resected. Since improved imaging allows detection of ever smaller tumour deposits, we have reviewed the pertinent literature to determine the current surgical options for recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer. Metastatic disease or local recurrence is rarely resectable. Tumour recurrence in the remnant stomach after partial gastrectomy can be treated by secondary total gastrectomy and may occasionally result in long-term survival. Other types of local recurrence are generally not amenable to complete resection. The same is true for distant metastases. If, however, distant metasases are technically resectable, 5 year survival of approximately 20% has been documented. Solitary and late appearing metachronous tumours are associated with an improved prognosis. As a consequence resection of distant metastases should be considered, because the risk of metastasectomy is generally low and there is no alternative treatment with a chance for cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lehnert
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
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Lehnert T, Rudek B, Kienle P, Buhl K, Herfarth C. Impact of diagnostic laparoscopy on the management of gastric cancer: prospective study of 120 consecutive patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Br J Surg 2002; 89:471-5. [PMID: 11952590 DOI: 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2002.02067.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal seeding or liver metastases found at laparotomy usually preclude curative treatment in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Such exploratory laparotomies may be avoided by diagnostic laparoscopy. However, routine diagnostic laparoscopy does not benefit those patients who proceed to laparotomy after negative laparoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the selective use of laparoscopy in uncertain situations. METHODS One hundred and twenty consecutive patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma were studied prospectively. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in patients with clinical T4 tumours or suspected metastases, unless laparotomy was required for symptomatic disease. RESULTS Ninety-six of 120 patients were selected for immediate laparotomy with curative intent (n = 81) or for palliation (n = 15). In two of the 81 patients gastrectomy was abandoned because of unexpected peritoneal carcinomatosis. Fifteen patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, which identified intra-abdominal metastases in six; the other nine patients proceeded to laparotomy, which revealed peritoneal metastases not detected at laparoscopy in four patients. The remaining nine patients had overt metastases and were referred for systemic chemotherapy without abdominal exploration. CONCLUSION Diagnostic laparoscopy in selected patients effectively limits the number of unnecessary invasive staging procedures. Routine use of diagnostic laparoscopy in all patients with gastric adenocarcinoma is not warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lehnert
- Section of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Intussusception of the appendix vermiformis in adults is an unusual entity. We present a 52-year-old male patient with intussusception of the appendix due to a mucinous cystadenoma, and discuss the clinical features, preoperative diagnosis, classification and therapy of this condition together with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rudek
- Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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50
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Golling M, Arnold JC, Rudek B, Mehrabi A, Kraus T, Herfarth C, Klar E. HBV prophylaxis: cost/benefit analysis following liver transplantation for HBV-positive liver cirrhosis. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3316-7. [PMID: 9838466 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Golling
- Department of General Surgery and Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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