1
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Dresselhaus-Marais LE, Kozioziemski B, Holstad TS, Ræder TM, Seaberg M, Nam D, Kim S, Breckling S, Choi S, Chollet M, Cook PK, Folsom E, Galtier E, Gonzalez A, Gorkhover T, Guillet S, Haldrup K, Howard M, Katagiri K, Kim S, Kim S, Kim S, Kim H, Knudsen EB, Kuschel S, Lee HJ, Lin C, McWilliams RS, Nagler B, Nielsen MM, Ozaki N, Pal D, Pablo Pedro R, Saunders AM, Schoofs F, Sekine T, Simons H, van Driel T, Wang B, Yang W, Yildirim C, Poulsen HF, Eggert JH. Simultaneous bright- and dark-field X-ray microscopy at X-ray free electron lasers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17573. [PMID: 37845245 PMCID: PMC10579415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The structures, strain fields, and defect distributions in solid materials underlie the mechanical and physical properties across numerous applications. Many modern microstructural microscopy tools characterize crystal grains, domains and defects required to map lattice distortions or deformation, but are limited to studies of the (near) surface. Generally speaking, such tools cannot probe the structural dynamics in a way that is representative of bulk behavior. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction based imaging has long mapped the deeply embedded structural elements, and with enhanced resolution, dark field X-ray microscopy (DFXM) can now map those features with the requisite nm-resolution. However, these techniques still suffer from the required integration times due to limitations from the source and optics. This work extends DFXM to X-ray free electron lasers, showing how the [Formula: see text] photons per pulse available at these sources offer structural characterization down to 100 fs resolution (orders of magnitude faster than current synchrotron images). We introduce the XFEL DFXM setup with simultaneous bright field microscopy to probe density changes within the same volume. This work presents a comprehensive guide to the multi-modal ultrafast high-resolution X-ray microscope that we constructed and tested at two XFELs, and shows initial data demonstrating two timing strategies to study associated reversible or irreversible lattice dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora E Dresselhaus-Marais
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.
| | | | - Theodor S Holstad
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Daewoong Nam
- Photon Science Center, Pohang University and Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- XFEL Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University and Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- XFEL Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University and Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | | | - Sungwook Choi
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Philip K Cook
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Folsom
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Eric Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Tais Gorkhover
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Serge Guillet
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kento Katagiri
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seonghan Kim
- XFEL Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University and Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sunam Kim
- XFEL Beamline Department, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University and Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sungwon Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Stephan Kuschel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hae Ja Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Chuanlong Lin
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dayeeta Pal
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Pablo Pedro
- Department of Nuclear Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alison M Saunders
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Frank Schoofs
- UK Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, UK
| | - Toshimori Sekine
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Hugh Simons
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim van Driel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Bihan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Yildirim
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jon H Eggert
- Physics Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
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2
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Bacellar C, Chatterley AS, Lackner F, Pemmaraju CD, Tanyag RMP, Verma D, Bernando C, O'Connell SMO, Bucher M, Ferguson KR, Gorkhover T, Coffee RN, Coslovich G, Ray D, Osipov T, Neumark DM, Bostedt C, Vilesov AF, Gessner O. Anisotropic Surface Broadening and Core Depletion during the Evolution of a Strong-Field Induced Nanoplasma. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:073201. [PMID: 36018694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.073201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization of nanoscale clusters provides excellent opportunities to study the complex correlated electronic and nuclear dynamics of near-solid density plasmas. Yet, monitoring ultrafast, nanoscopic dynamics in real-time is challenging, which often complicates a direct comparison between theory and experiment. Here, near-infrared laser-induced plasma dynamics in ∼600 nm diameter helium droplets are studied by femtosecond time-resolved x-ray coherent diffractive imaging. An anisotropic, ∼20 nm wide surface region, defined as the range where the density lies between 10% and 90% of the core value, is established within ∼100 fs, in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. At longer timescales, however, the width of this region remains largely constant while the radius of the dense plasma core shrinks at average rates of ≈71 nm/ps along and ≈33 nm/ps perpendicular to the laser polarization. These dynamics are not captured by previous plasma expansion models. The observations are phenomenologically described within a numerical simulation; details of the underlying physics, however, remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Bacellar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Florian Lackner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C D Pemmaraju
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Deepak Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Sean M O O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan N Coffee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Giacomo Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Timur Osipov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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3
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Li X, Inhester L, Robatjazi SJ, Erk B, Boll R, Hanasaki K, Toyota K, Hao Y, Bomme C, Rudek B, Foucar L, Southworth SH, Lehmann CS, Kraessig B, Marchenko T, Simon M, Ueda K, Ferguson KR, Bucher M, Gorkhover T, Carron S, Alonso-Mori R, Koglin JE, Correa J, Williams GJ, Boutet S, Young L, Bostedt C, Son SK, Santra R, Rolles D, Rudenko A. Pulse Energy and Pulse Duration Effects in the Ionization and Fragmentation of Iodomethane by Ultraintense Hard X Rays. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:093202. [PMID: 34506178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of intense femtosecond x-ray pulses with molecules sensitively depends on the interplay between multiple photoabsorptions, Auger decay, charge rearrangement, and nuclear motion. Here, we report on a combined experimental and theoretical study of the ionization and fragmentation of iodomethane (CH_{3}I) by ultraintense (∼10^{19} W/cm^{2}) x-ray pulses at 8.3 keV, demonstrating how these dynamics depend on the x-ray pulse energy and duration. We show that the timing of multiple ionization steps leading to a particular reaction product and, thus, the product's final kinetic energy, is determined by the pulse duration rather than the pulse energy or intensity. While the overall degree of ionization is mainly defined by the pulse energy, our measurement reveals that the yield of the fragments with the highest charge states is enhanced for short pulse durations, in contrast to earlier observations for atoms and small molecules in the soft x-ray domain. We attribute this effect to a decreased charge transfer efficiency at larger internuclear separations, which are reached during longer pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - L Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S J Robatjazi
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - B Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Boll
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K Hanasaki
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Y Hao
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - C Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - L Foucar
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - C S Lehmann
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Kraessig
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - T Marchenko
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, Paris, France
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - K R Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - M Bucher
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - T Gorkhover
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Carron
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - R Alonso-Mori
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - J E Koglin
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - J Correa
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - G J Williams
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton New York, USA
| | - S Boutet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - L Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI, Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S-K Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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4
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Rupp D, Flückiger L, Adolph M, Colombo A, Gorkhover T, Harmand M, Krikunova M, Müller JP, Oelze T, Ovcharenko Y, Richter M, Sauppe M, Schorb S, Treusch R, Wolter D, Bostedt C, Möller T. Imaging plasma formation in isolated nanoparticles with ultrafast resonant scattering. Struct Dyn 2020; 7:034303. [PMID: 32596413 PMCID: PMC7304997 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have recorded the diffraction patterns from individual xenon clusters irradiated with intense extreme ultraviolet pulses to investigate the influence of light-induced electronic changes on the scattering response. The clusters were irradiated with short wavelength pulses in the wavelength regime of different 4d inner-shell resonances of neutral and ionic xenon, resulting in distinctly different optical properties from areas in the clusters with lower or higher charge states. The data show the emergence of a transient structure with a spatial extension of tens of nanometers within the otherwise homogeneous sample. Simulations indicate that ionization and nanoplasma formation result in a light-induced outer shell in the cluster with a strongly altered refractive index. The presented resonant scattering approach enables imaging of ultrafast electron dynamics on their natural timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rupp
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | | | - Marcus Adolph
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tais Gorkhover
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tim Oelze
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maria Richter
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Möller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Ho PJ, Daurer BJ, Hantke MF, Bielecki J, Al Haddad A, Bucher M, Doumy G, Ferguson KR, Flückiger L, Gorkhover T, Iwan B, Knight C, Moeller S, Osipov T, Ray D, Southworth SH, Svenda M, Timneanu N, Ulmer A, Walter P, Hajdu J, Young L, Maia FRNC, Bostedt C. The role of transient resonances for ultra-fast imaging of single sucrose nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 31919346 PMCID: PMC6952381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses hold great promise for imaging function in nanoscale and biological systems with atomic resolution. So far, however, the spatial resolution obtained from single shot experiments lags averaging static experiments. Here we report on a combined computational and experimental study about ultrafast diffractive imaging of sucrose clusters which are benchmark organic samples. Our theoretical model matches the experimental data from the water window to the keV x-ray regime. The large-scale dynamic scattering calculations reveal that transient phenomena driven by non-linear x-ray interaction are decisive for ultrafast imaging applications. Our study illuminates the complex interplay of the imaging process with the rapidly changing transient electronic structures in XFEL experiments and shows how computational models allow optimization of the parameters for ultrafast imaging experiments. X-ray free electron lasers provide high photon flux to explore single particle diffraction imaging of biological samples. Here the authors present dynamic electronic structure calculations and benchmark them to single-particle XFEL diffraction data of sucrose clusters to predict optimal single-shot imaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Benedikt J Daurer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Max F Hantke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Johan Bielecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Andre Al Haddad
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Leonie Flückiger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Bianca Iwan
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Christopher Knight
- Computational Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Timur Osipov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Stephen H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Martin Svenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anatoli Ulmer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Walter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Janos Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland. .,LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Bielecki J, Hantke MF, Daurer BJ, Reddy HKN, Hasse D, Larsson DSD, Gunn LH, Svenda M, Munke A, Sellberg JA, Flueckiger L, Pietrini A, Nettelblad C, Lundholm I, Carlsson G, Okamoto K, Timneanu N, Westphal D, Kulyk O, Higashiura A, van der Schot G, Loh NTD, Wysong TE, Bostedt C, Gorkhover T, Iwan B, Seibert MM, Osipov T, Walter P, Hart P, Bucher M, Ulmer A, Ray D, Carini G, Ferguson KR, Andersson I, Andreasson J, Hajdu J, Maia FRNC. Electrospray sample injection for single-particle imaging with x-ray lasers. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav8801. [PMID: 31058226 PMCID: PMC6499549 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav8801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of imaging single proteins constitutes an exciting challenge for x-ray lasers. Despite encouraging results on large particles, imaging small particles has proven to be difficult for two reasons: not quite high enough pulse intensity from currently available x-ray lasers and, as we demonstrate here, contamination of the aerosolized molecules by nonvolatile contaminants in the solution. The amount of contamination on the sample depends on the initial droplet size during aerosolization. Here, we show that, with our electrospray injector, we can decrease the size of aerosol droplets and demonstrate virtually contaminant-free sample delivery of organelles, small virions, and proteins. The results presented here, together with the increased performance of next-generation x-ray lasers, constitute an important stepping stone toward the ultimate goal of protein structure determination from imaging at room temperature and high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bielecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Max F. Hantke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, 12 Mansfield Rd, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Benedikt J. Daurer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
| | - Hemanth K. N. Reddy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dirk Hasse
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel S. D. Larsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura H. Gunn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Svenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Munke
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas A. Sellberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonie Flueckiger
- ARC Centre of Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Alberto Pietrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Nettelblad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Scientific Computing, Department of Information Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lägerhyddsvägen 2 (Box 337), SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ida Lundholm
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Carlsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenta Okamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Westphal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olena Kulyk
- Institute of Physics, ELI Beamlines, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, CZ-18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Akifumi Higashiura
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Gijs van der Schot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ne-Te Duane Loh
- Centre for BioImaging Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taylor E. Wysong
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Bianca Iwan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Marvin Seibert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timur Osipov
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip Hart
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Anatoli Ulmer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dipanwita Ray
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Gabriella Carini
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ken R. Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Inger Andersson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- Institute of Physics, ELI Beamlines, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, CZ-18221 Prague, Czech Republic
- Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janos Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Physics, ELI Beamlines, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, CZ-18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filipe R. N. C. Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
- NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Bacellar C, Chatterley AS, Lackner F, Pemmaraju C, Tanyag RMP, Bernando C, Verma D, O’Connell S, Bucher M, Ferguson KR, Gorkhover T, Ryan NC, Coslovich G, Ray D, Osipov T, Neumark DM, Bostedt C, Vilesov AF, Gessner O. Evaporation of an anisotropic nanoplasma. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920506006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense laser induced plasma dynamics in sub-micron scale helium droplets are monitored by femtosecond time-resolved X-ray coherent diffractive imaging. Anisotropic surface softening and strongly anisotropic shrinking of the plasma core are observed.
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8
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Rudek B, Toyota K, Foucar L, Erk B, Boll R, Bomme C, Correa J, Carron S, Boutet S, Williams GJ, Ferguson KR, Alonso-Mori R, Koglin JE, Gorkhover T, Bucher M, Lehmann CS, Krässig B, Southworth SH, Young L, Bostedt C, Ueda K, Marchenko T, Simon M, Jurek Z, Santra R, Rudenko A, Son SK, Rolles D. Relativistic and resonant effects in the ionization of heavy atoms by ultra-intense hard X-rays. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4200. [PMID: 30305630 PMCID: PMC6180123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate description of the interaction of intense hard X-ray pulses with heavy atoms, which is crucial for many applications of free-electron lasers, represents a hitherto unresolved challenge for theory because of the enormous number of electronic configurations and relativistic effects, which need to be taken into account. Here we report results on multiple ionization of xenon atoms by ultra-intense (about 1019 W/cm2) femtosecond X-ray pulses at photon energies from 5.5 to 8.3 keV and present a theoretical model capable of reproducing the experimental data in the entire energy range. Our analysis shows that the interplay of resonant and relativistic effects results in strongly structured charge state distributions, which reflect resonant positions of relativistically shifted electronic levels of highly charged ions created during the X-ray pulse. The theoretical approach described here provides a basis for accurate modeling of radiation damage in hard X-ray imaging experiments on targets with high-Z constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Rudek
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Koudai Toyota
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Cédric Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Correa
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Carron
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Garth J Williams
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Jason E Koglin
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Carl Stefan Lehmann
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Linda Young
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatiana Marchenko
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marc Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zoltan Jurek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany.
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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9
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Sauppe M, Rompotis D, Erk B, Bari S, Bischoff T, Boll R, Bomme C, Bostedt C, Dörner S, Düsterer S, Feigl T, Flückiger L, Gorkhover T, Kolatzki K, Langbehn B, Monserud N, Müller E, Müller JP, Passow C, Ramm D, Rolles D, Schubert K, Schwob L, Senfftleben B, Treusch R, Ulmer A, Weigelt H, Zimbalski J, Zimmermann J, Möller T, Rupp D. XUV double-pulses with femtosecond to 650 ps separation from a multilayer-mirror-based split-and-delay unit at FLASH. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:1517-1528. [PMID: 30179193 PMCID: PMC6140391 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518006094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and X-ray free-electron lasers enable new scientific opportunities. Their ultra-intense coherent femtosecond pulses give unprecedented access to the structure of undepositable nanoscale objects and to transient states of highly excited matter. In order to probe the ultrafast complex light-induced dynamics on the relevant time scales, the multi-purpose end-station CAMP at the free-electron laser FLASH has been complemented by the novel multilayer-mirror-based split-and-delay unit DESC (DElay Stage for CAMP) for time-resolved experiments. XUV double-pulses with delays adjustable from zero femtoseconds up to 650 picoseconds are generated by reflecting under near-normal incidence, exceeding the time range accessible with existing XUV split-and-delay units. Procedures to establish temporal and spatial overlap of the two pulses in CAMP are presented, with emphasis on the optimization of the spatial overlap at long time-delays via time-dependent features, for example in ion spectra of atomic clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sauppe
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Rompotis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sadia Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bischoff
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Cédric Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Simon Dörner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Feigl
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Straße 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Leonie Flückiger
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- ARC Centre of Advanced Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Katharina Kolatzki
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Langbehn
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Monserud
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erland Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan P. Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Passow
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Ramm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kaja Schubert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucas Schwob
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Senfftleben
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anatoli Ulmer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Weigelt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Zimbalski
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Zimmermann
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Rupp
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Lundholm IV, Sellberg JA, Ekeberg T, Hantke MF, Okamoto K, van der Schot G, Andreasson J, Barty A, Bielecki J, Bruza P, Bucher M, Carron S, Daurer BJ, Ferguson K, Hasse D, Krzywinski J, Larsson DSD, Morgan A, Mühlig K, Müller M, Nettelblad C, Pietrini A, Reddy HKN, Rupp D, Sauppe M, Seibert M, Svenda M, Swiggers M, Timneanu N, Ulmer A, Westphal D, Williams G, Zani A, Faigel G, Chapman HN, Möller T, Bostedt C, Hajdu J, Gorkhover T, Maia FRNC. Considerations for three-dimensional image reconstruction from experimental data in coherent diffractive imaging. IUCrJ 2018; 5:531-541. [PMID: 30224956 PMCID: PMC6126651 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252518010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Diffraction before destruction using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has the potential to determine radiation-damage-free structures without the need for crystallization. This article presents the three-dimensional reconstruction of the Melbournevirus from single-particle X-ray diffraction patterns collected at the LINAC Coherent Light Source (LCLS) as well as reconstructions from simulated data exploring the consequences of different kinds of experimental sources of noise. The reconstruction from experimental data suffers from a strong artifact in the center of the particle. This could be reproduced with simulated data by adding experimental background to the diffraction patterns. In those simulations, the relative density of the artifact increases linearly with background strength. This suggests that the artifact originates from the Fourier transform of the relatively flat background, concentrating all power in a central feature of limited extent. We support these findings by significantly reducing the artifact through background removal before the phase-retrieval step. Large amounts of blurring in the diffraction patterns were also found to introduce diffuse artifacts, which could easily be mistaken as biologically relevant features. Other sources of noise such as sample heterogeneity and variation of pulse energy did not significantly degrade the quality of the reconstructions. Larger data volumes, made possible by the recent inauguration of high repetition-rate XFELs, allow for increased signal-to-background ratio and provide a way to minimize these artifacts. The anticipated development of three-dimensional Fourier-volume-assembly algorithms which are background aware is an alternative and complementary solution, which maximizes the use of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida V. Lundholm
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas A. Sellberg
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Ekeberg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Kenta Okamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gijs van der Schot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jakob Andreasson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Science, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
- Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anton Barty
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johan Bielecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Petr Bruza
- Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Max Bucher
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sebastian Carron
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - Benedikt J. Daurer
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- PULSE Institute and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dirk Hasse
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jacek Krzywinski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - Daniel S. D. Larsson
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew Morgan
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mühlig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carl Nettelblad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Scientific Computing, Department of Information Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Lagerhyddsvägen 2 (Box 337), SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alberto Pietrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hemanth K. N. Reddy
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniela Rupp
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Sauppe
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marvin Seibert
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Svenda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michelle Swiggers
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - Nicusor Timneanu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anatoli Ulmer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Westphal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Garth Williams
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, PO Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Alessandro Zani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gyula Faigel
- Research Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henry N. Chapman
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- PULSE Institute and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Janos Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Science, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- PULSE Institute and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Filipe R. N. C. Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3 (Box 596), SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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11
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Yang J, Guehr M, Vecchione T, Robinson MS, Li R, Hartmann N, Shen X, Coffee R, Corbett J, Fry A, Gaffney K, Gorkhover T, Hast C, Jobe K, Makasyuk I, Reid A, Robinson J, Vetter S, Wang F, Weathersby S, Yoneda C, Wang X, Centurion M. Femtosecond gas phase electron diffraction with MeV electrons. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:563-581. [PMID: 27711826 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present results on ultrafast gas electron diffraction (UGED) experiments with femtosecond resolution using the MeV electron gun at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. UGED is a promising method to investigate molecular dynamics in the gas phase because electron pulses can probe the structure with a high spatial resolution. Until recently, however, it was not possible for UGED to reach the relevant timescale for the motion of the nuclei during a molecular reaction. Using MeV electron pulses has allowed us to overcome the main challenges in reaching femtosecond resolution, namely delivering short electron pulses on a gas target, overcoming the effect of velocity mismatch between pump laser pulses and the probe electron pulses, and maintaining a low timing jitter. At electron kinetic energies above 3 MeV, the velocity mismatch between laser and electron pulses becomes negligible. The relativistic electrons are also less susceptible to temporal broadening due to the Coulomb force. One of the challenges of diffraction with relativistic electrons is that the small de Broglie wavelength results in very small diffraction angles. In this paper we describe the new setup and its characterization, including capturing static diffraction patterns of molecules in the gas phase, finding time-zero with sub-picosecond accuracy and first time-resolved diffraction experiments. The new device can achieve a temporal resolution of 100 fs root-mean-square, and sub-angstrom spatial resolution. The collimation of the beam is sufficient to measure the diffraction pattern, and the transverse coherence is on the order of 2 nm. Currently, the temporal resolution is limited both by the pulse duration of the electron pulse on target and by the timing jitter, while the spatial resolution is limited by the average electron beam current and the signal-to-noise ratio of the detection system. We also discuss plans for improving both the temporal resolution and the spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
| | - Markus Guehr
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA and Physics and Astronomy, Potsdam University, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | | | - Matthew S Robinson
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Nick Hartmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jeff Corbett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alan Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kelly Gaffney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Carsten Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Keith Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Igor Makasyuk
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Joseph Robinson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Sharon Vetter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Fenglin Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Charles Yoneda
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
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12
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MacDonald MJ, Gorkhover T, Bachmann B, Bucher M, Carron S, Coffee RN, Drake RP, Ferguson KR, Fletcher LB, Gamboa EJ, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Hau-Riege SP, Kraus D, Krzywinski J, Levitan AL, Meiwes-Broer KH, O'Grady CP, Osipov T, Pardini T, Peltz C, Skruszewicz S, Swiggers M, Bostedt C, Fennel T, Döppner T. Measurement of high-dynamic range x-ray Thomson scattering spectra for the characterization of nano-plasmas at LCLS. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E709. [PMID: 27910491 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Atomic clusters can serve as ideal model systems for exploring ultrafast (∼100 fs) laser-driven ionization dynamics of dense matter on the nanometer scale. Resonant absorption of optical laser pulses enables heating to temperatures on the order of 1 keV at near solid density conditions. To date, direct probing of transient states of such nano-plasmas was limited to coherent x-ray imaging. Here we present the first measurement of spectrally resolved incoherent x-ray scattering from clusters, enabling measurements of transient temperature, densities, and ionization. Single shot x-ray Thomson scattering signals were recorded at 120 Hz using a crystal spectrometer in combination with a single-photon counting and energy-dispersive pnCCD. A precise pump laser collimation scheme enabled recording near background-free scattering spectra from Ar clusters with an unprecedented dynamic range of more than 3 orders of magnitude. Such measurements are important for understanding collective effects in laser-matter interactions on femtosecond time scales, opening new routes for the development of schemes for their ultrafast control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J MacDonald
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Gorkhover
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Bachmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M Bucher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Carron
- California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, USA
| | - R N Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R P Drake
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - K R Ferguson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E J Gamboa
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Göde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S P Hau-Riege
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - D Kraus
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A L Levitan
- Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering, Needham, Massachusetts 02492, USA
| | | | - C P O'Grady
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Osipov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Pardini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - C Peltz
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - M Swiggers
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- Argonne National Lab, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551, USA
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13
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Rupp D, Flückiger L, Adolph M, Gorkhover T, Krikunova M, Müller JP, Müller M, Oelze T, Ovcharenko Y, Röben B, Sauppe M, Schorb S, Wolter D, Mitzner R, Wöstmann M, Roling S, Harmand M, Treusch R, Arbeiter M, Fennel T, Bostedt C, Möller T. Recombination-Enhanced Surface Expansion of Clusters in Intense Soft X-Ray Laser Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:153401. [PMID: 27768378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.153401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the nanoplasma formation and explosion dynamics of single large xenon clusters in ultrashort, intense x-ray free-electron laser pulses via ion spectroscopy. The simultaneous measurement of single-shot diffraction images enabled a single-cluster analysis that is free from any averaging over the cluster size and laser intensity distributions. The measured charge state-resolved ion energy spectra show narrow distributions with peak positions that scale linearly with final ion charge state. These two distinct signatures are attributed to highly efficient recombination that eventually leads to the dominant formation of neutral atoms in the cluster. The measured mean ion energies exceed the value expected without recombination by more than an order of magnitude, indicating that the energy release resulting from electron-ion recombination constitutes a previously unnoticed nanoplasma heating process. This conclusion is supported by results from semiclassical molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rupp
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Flückiger
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Marcus Adolph
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- LCLS, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Maria Krikunova
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philippe Müller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Müller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Oelze
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yevheniy Ovcharenko
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Röben
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Sauppe
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schorb
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- LCLS, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - David Wolter
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Mitzner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Wöstmann
- Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Treusch
- FLASH, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Arbeiter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- LCLS, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Picón A, Lehmann CS, Bostedt C, Rudenko A, Marinelli A, Osipov T, Rolles D, Berrah N, Bomme C, Bucher M, Doumy G, Erk B, Ferguson KR, Gorkhover T, Ho PJ, Kanter EP, Krässig B, Krzywinski J, Lutman AA, March AM, Moonshiram D, Ray D, Young L, Pratt ST, Southworth SH. Hetero-site-specific X-ray pump-probe spectroscopy for femtosecond intramolecular dynamics. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11652. [PMID: 27212390 PMCID: PMC4879250 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
New capabilities at X-ray free-electron laser facilities allow the generation of two-colour femtosecond X-ray pulses, opening the possibility of performing ultrafast studies of X-ray-induced phenomena. Particularly, the experimental realization of hetero-site-specific X-ray-pump/X-ray-probe spectroscopy is of special interest, in which an X-ray pump pulse is absorbed at one site within a molecule and an X-ray probe pulse follows the X-ray-induced dynamics at another site within the same molecule. Here we show experimental evidence of a hetero-site pump-probe signal. By using two-colour 10-fs X-ray pulses, we are able to observe the femtosecond time dependence for the formation of F ions during the fragmentation of XeF2 molecules following X-ray absorption at the Xe site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Picón
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C. S. Lehmann
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - C. Bostedt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - A. Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - A. Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T. Osipov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D. Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - N. Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C. Bomme
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - M. Bucher
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G. Doumy
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B. Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - K. R. Ferguson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T. Gorkhover
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P. J. Ho
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E. P. Kanter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - B. Krässig
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J. Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A. A. Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A. M. March
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D. Moonshiram
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - D. Ray
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L. Young
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S. T. Pratt
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
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15
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Yang J, Guehr M, Vecchione T, Robinson MS, Li R, Hartmann N, Shen X, Coffee R, Corbett J, Fry A, Gaffney K, Gorkhover T, Hast C, Jobe K, Makasyuk I, Reid A, Robinson J, Vetter S, Wang F, Weathersby S, Yoneda C, Centurion M, Wang X. Diffractive imaging of a rotational wavepacket in nitrogen molecules with femtosecond megaelectronvolt electron pulses. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11232. [PMID: 27046298 PMCID: PMC4822053 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging changes in molecular geometries on their natural femtosecond timescale with sub-Angström spatial precision is one of the critical challenges in the chemical sciences, as the nuclear geometry changes determine the molecular reactivity. For photoexcited molecules, the nuclear dynamics determine the photoenergy conversion path and efficiency. Here we report a gas-phase electron diffraction experiment using megaelectronvolt (MeV) electrons, where we captured the rotational wavepacket dynamics of nonadiabatically laser-aligned nitrogen molecules. We achieved a combination of 100 fs root-mean-squared temporal resolution and sub-Angstrom (0.76 Å) spatial resolution that makes it possible to resolve the position of the nuclei within the molecule. In addition, the diffraction patterns reveal the angular distribution of the molecules, which changes from prolate (aligned) to oblate (anti-aligned) in 300 fs. Our results demonstrate a significant and promising step towards making atomically resolved movies of molecular reactions. Imaging changes in molecular geometries with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution to image nuclei is a critical challenge in the chemical sciences. Here the authors report gasphase Megaelectronvolt electron diffraction with 100 fs temporal resolution and subAngstrom spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Markus Guehr
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Potsdam University, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | | | - Matthew S Robinson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Renkai Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nick Hartmann
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jeff Corbett
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alan Fry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kelly Gaffney
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Carsten Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Keith Jobe
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Igor Makasyuk
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joseph Robinson
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sharon Vetter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Fenglin Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Charles Yoneda
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 855 N 16th Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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16
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Ferguson KR, Bucher M, Gorkhover T, Boutet S, Fukuzawa H, Koglin JE, Kumagai Y, Lutman A, Marinelli A, Messerschmidt M, Nagaya K, Turner J, Ueda K, Williams GJ, Bucksbaum PH, Bostedt C. Transient lattice contraction in the solid-to-plasma transition. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1500837. [PMID: 27152323 PMCID: PMC4846449 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In condensed matter systems, strong optical excitations can induce phonon-driven processes that alter their mechanical properties. We report on a new phenomenon where a massive electronic excitation induces a collective change in the bond character that leads to transient lattice contraction. Single large van der Waals clusters were isochorically heated to a nanoplasma state with an intense 10-fs x-ray (pump) pulse. The structural evolution of the nanoplasma was probed with a second intense x-ray (probe) pulse, showing systematic contraction stemming from electron delocalization during the solid-to-plasma transition. These findings are relevant for any material in extreme conditions ranging from the time evolution of warm or hot dense matter to ultrafast imaging with intense x-ray pulses or, more generally, any situation that involves a condensed matter-to-plasma transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken R. Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jason E. Koglin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Alberto Lutman
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- National Science Foundation BioXFEL Science and Technology Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jim Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Garth J. Williams
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Pulse Institute, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Pulse Institute, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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17
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Boll R, Rouzée A, Adolph M, Anielski D, Aquila A, Bari S, Bomme C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Chapman HN, Christensen L, Coffee R, Coppola N, De S, Decleva P, Epp SW, Erk B, Filsinger F, Foucar L, Gorkhover T, Gumprecht L, Hömke A, Holmegaard L, Johnsson P, Kienitz JS, Kierspel T, Krasniqi F, Kühnel KU, Maurer J, Messerschmidt M, Moshammer R, Müller NLM, Rudek B, Savelyev E, Schlichting I, Schmidt C, Scholz F, Schorb S, Schulz J, Seltmann J, Stener M, Stern S, Techert S, Thøgersen J, Trippel S, Viefhaus J, Vrakking M, Stapelfeldt H, Küpper J, Ullrich J, Rudenko A, Rolles D. Imaging molecular structure through femtosecond photoelectron diffraction on aligned and oriented gas-phase molecules. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:57-80. [PMID: 25290160 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray free-electron laser. We present results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C(8)H(5)F) and dissociating, laser-aligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C(6)H(4)Br(2)) molecules and discuss them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules. We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Boll
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Rupp D, Adolph M, Flückiger L, Gorkhover T, Müller JP, Müller M, Sauppe M, Wolter D, Schorb S, Treusch R, Bostedt C, Möller T. Generation and structure of extremely large clusters in pulsed jets. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:044306. [PMID: 25084909 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremely large xenon clusters with sizes exceeding the predictions of the Hagena scaling law by several orders of magnitude are shown to be produced in pulsed gas jets. The cluster sizes are determined using single-shot single-particle imaging experiments with short-wavelength light pulses from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH). Scanning the time delay between the pulsed cluster source and the intense femtosecond x-ray pulses first shows a main plateau with size distributions in line with the scaling laws, which is followed by an after-pulse of giant clusters. For the extremely large clusters with radii of several hundred nanometers the x-ray scattering patterns indicate a grainy substructure of the particles, suggesting that they grow by cluster coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rupp
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Adolph
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonie Flückiger
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Philippe Müller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Müller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Sauppe
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Wolter
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schorb
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- FLASH, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- IOAP, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Schroedter L, Müller M, Kickermann A, Przystawik A, Toleikis S, Adolph M, Flückiger L, Gorkhover T, Nösel L, Krikunova M, Oelze T, Ovcharenko Y, Rupp D, Sauppe M, Wolter D, Schorb S, Bostedt C, Möller T, Laarmann T. Hidden charge states in soft-x-ray laser-produced nanoplasmas revealed by fluorescence spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:183401. [PMID: 24856695 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.183401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Highly charged ions are formed in the center of composite clusters by strong free-electron laser pulses and they emit fluorescence on a femtosecond time scale before competing recombination leads to neutralization of the nanoplasma core. In contrast to mass spectrometry that detects remnants of the interaction, fluorescence in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range provides fingerprints of transient states of high energy density matter. Spectra from clusters consisting of a xenon core and a surrounding argon shell show that a small fraction of the fluorescence signal comes from multiply charged xenon ions in the cluster core. Initially, these ions are as highly charged as the ions in the outer shells of pure xenon clusters with charge states up to at least 11+.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schroedter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kickermann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Adolph
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Flückiger
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Gorkhover
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - L Nösel
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Krikunova
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Oelze
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Rupp
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Sauppe
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Wolter
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Schorb
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 20450, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Gorkhover T, Adolph M, Rupp D, Schorb S, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Kimmel N, Kühnel KU, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Andritschke R, Aquila A, Bozek JD, Coppola N, Erke T, Filsinger F, Gorke H, Graafsma H, Gumprecht L, Hauser G, Herrmann S, Hirsemann H, Hömke A, Holl P, Kaiser C, Krasniqi F, Meyer JH, Matysek M, Messerschmidt M, Miessner D, Nilsson B, Pietschner D, Potdevin G, Reich C, Schaller G, Schmidt C, Schopper F, Schröter CD, Schulz J, Soltau H, Weidenspointner G, Schlichting I, Strüder L, Ullrich J, Möller T, Bostedt C. Nanoplasma dynamics of single large xenon clusters irradiated with superintense x-ray pulses from the linac coherent light source free-electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:245005. [PMID: 23004284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.245005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The plasma dynamics of single mesoscopic Xe particles irradiated with intense femtosecond x-ray pulses exceeding 10(16) W/cm2 from the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron laser are investigated. Simultaneous recording of diffraction patterns and ion spectra allows eliminating the influence of the laser focal volume intensity and particle size distribution. The data show that for clusters illuminated with intense x-ray pulses, highly charged ionization fragments in a narrow distribution are created and that the nanoplasma recombination is efficiently suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gorkhover
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Thomas H, Helal A, Hoffmann K, Kandadai N, Keto J, Andreasson J, Iwan B, Seibert M, Timneanu N, Hajdu J, Adolph M, Gorkhover T, Rupp D, Schorb S, Möller T, Doumy G, DiMauro LF, Hoener M, Murphy B, Berrah N, Messerschmidt M, Bozek J, Bostedt C, Ditmire T. Explosions of xenon clusters in ultraintense femtosecond x-ray pulses from the LCLS free electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:133401. [PMID: 22540697 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.133401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Explosions of large Xe clusters (<N> ~ 11,000) irradiated by femtosecond pulses of 850 eV x-ray photons focused to an intensity of up to 10(17) W/cm(2) from the Linac Coherent Light Source were investigated experimentally. Measurements of ion charge-state distributions and energy spectra exhibit strong evidence for the formation of a Xe nanoplasma in the intense x-ray pulse. This x-ray produced Xe nanoplasma is accompanied by a three-body recombination and hydrodynamic expansion. These experimental results appear to be consistent with a model in which a spherically exploding nanoplasma is formed inside the Xe cluster and where the plasma temperature is determined by photoionization heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Thomas
- Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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