1
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Xu R, Kuninobu Y. Synthesis and Properties of Cyclic π-Conjugated Molecules and Their Dication and Monoradical Cation. Org Lett 2024; 26:5582-5586. [PMID: 38900597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized cyclic π-conjugated molecules by double Friedel-Crafts reaction of amino group-substituted 1,2-bis(2-phenylethynyl)benzene with Meldrum's acid derivative. The structures of the cyclic π-conjugated molecules were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The oxidation of the dimethylamino group-substituted π-conjugated molecule with NOBF4 gave a closed-shell dication that is stable at >210 °C. The monoradical cation of the di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino group-substituted π-conjugated molecule is stable in dichloromethane solution (half-life of nearly 15 days) and shows near-infrared absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjie Xu
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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2
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Wu GY, Huang CL, Kang HW, Ou WT, Ho YS, Cheng MJ, Wu YT. exo-6b 2-Methyl-Substituted Pentabenzocorannulene: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408321. [PMID: 38926096 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
exo-6b2-Methyl-substituted pentabenzocorannulene (exo-PBC-Me) was synthesized by the palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 1,2,3-triaryl-1H-cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene. Its bowl-shaped geometry with an sp3 carbon atom in the backbone and a methyl group located at the convex (exo) face was verified by X-ray crystallography. According to DFT calculations, the observed conformer is energetically more favorable than the endo one by 39.9 kcal/mol. Compared to the nitrogen-doped analogs with intact π-conjugated backbones (see the main text), exo-PBC-Me displayed a deeper bowl depth (avg. 1.93 Å), redshifted and broader absorption (250-620 nm) and emission (from 585 to more than 850 nm) bands and a smaller optical HOMO-LUMO gap (2.01 eV). exo-PBC-Me formed polar crystals where all bowl-in-bowl stacking with close π ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ π contacts is arranged unidirectionally, providing the potential for applications as organic semiconductors and pyroelectric materials. This unusual structural feature, molecular packing, and properties are most likely associated with the assistance of the methyl group and the sp3 carbon atom in the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Kang
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ting Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 Ta-Hsueh Rd., 70101, Tainan, Taiwan
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3
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Xia Z, Wang W, Zhang G. Formation of Nitrogen-Doped Positively Curved Molecules by π-Extension. Org Lett 2024; 26:3901-3905. [PMID: 38666661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Two nitrogen-doped positively curved aromatic molecules bearing doubly fused pentagonal rings were synthesized and characterized. Crystallographic analysis confirms the formation of a bowl-shaped structure, which is induced by the fusion of adjacent pentagons to the rigid aromatic planes. Both compounds demonstrate good photoluminescence. These electron-rich bowl-shaped molecules can associate with C60 to form complexes in 2:1 ratio in toluene with different association constants depending on the molecular dimension of the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xia
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Weifan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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4
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Wu L, Li Y, Hua X, Ye L, Yuan C, Liu Z, Zhang HL, Shao X. Radical Cation Salts of Hetera-Buckybowls: Polar Crystals, Negative Thermal Expansion and Phase Transition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319587. [PMID: 38226832 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Radical cation salts of π-conjugated polycycles are rich in physical properties. Herein, two kinds of hetera-buckybowls, ethoxy-substituted trithiasumanene (3SEt) and triselenasumanene (3SeEt), are synthesized as electron donors. Galvanostatic oxidation of them affords radical cation salts (3SEt)5 (TTFMPB)3 , (3SeEt)5 (TTFMPB)3 , (3SEt)4 PMA, and (3SeEt)4 PMA, where PMA is Keggin-type phosphomolybdate and TTFMPB is tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]borate. In these salts, 3SEt/3SeEt are partially charged and show distinct conformation change with the site charge and counter anions. In TTFMPB salts, (TTFMPB)- forms hexagonal channels that accommodate the packing columns of 3SEt/3SeEt. In particular, (3SEt)5 (TTFMPB)3 adopts the R3c space group and is a polar crystal with the columns of 3SEt all in the up-bowl direction. The PMA salts of 3SEt/3SeEt are polar crystals (C2 space group) with 3SEt/3SeEt being planar and forming columnar stacks. (3SeEt)4 PMA shows a structural modulation below 200 K, namely, negative thermal expansion (NTE) of the unit cell volume and enlargement of the intermolecular distances between neighboring 3SeEt molecules. The four salts are semiconductors with an activation energy of 0.18-0.38 eV. The conductivity of (3SeEt)4 PMA shows a reversible transition upon cooling and heating, in accordance to the NTE structural modulation. This work paves the way toward conducting materials based on hetera-buckybowls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Wu
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yecheng Li
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xinqiang Hua
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zitong Liu
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- Research Center for Free Radical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Southern Road 222, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
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5
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Yang K, Li Z, Huang Y, Zeng Z. bay/ ortho-Octa-substituted Perylene: A Versatile Building Block toward Novel Polycyclic (Hetero)Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:763-775. [PMID: 38386871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusPolycyclic (hetero)aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have emerged as a focal point in current interdisciplinary research, spanning the realms of chemistry, physics, and materials science. Possessing distinctive optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, these π-functional materials exhibit significant potential across diverse applications, including molecular electronic devices, organic spintronics, and biomedical functions, among others. Despite the extensive documentation of various PAHs over the decades, the efficient and precise synthesis of π-extended PAHs remains a formidable challenge, hindering their broader application. This challenge is primarily attributed to the intricate and often elusive nature of their synthesis, compounded by issues related to low solubility and unfavored stability.The development of π-building blocks that can be facilely and modularly transformed into diverse π-frameworks constitutes a potent strategy for the creation of novel PAH materials. For instance, based on the classic perylene diimide (PDI) unit, researchers such as Würthner, Wang, and Nuckolls have successfully synthesized a plethora of structurally diverse PAHs, as well as numerous other π-functional materials. However, until now the availability of such versatile building blocks is still severely limited, especially for those simultaneously having a facile preparation process, adequate solubilizing groups, favored material stability, and critically, rich possibilities for structural extension spaces.In this Account, we present an overview of our invention of a highly versatile bay-/ortho-octa-substituted perylene building block, designated as Per-4Br, for the construction of a series of novel PAH scaffolds with tailor-made structures and rich optoelectronic and magnetic properties. First, starting with a brief discussion of current challenges associated with the bottom-up synthesis of π-extended PAHs, we rationalize the key features of Per-4Br that enable facile access to new PAH molecules including its ease of large-scale preparation, favored material stability and solubility, and multiple flexible reaction sites, with a comparison to the PDI motif. Then, we showcase our rational design and sophisticated synthesis of a body of neutral or charged, closed- or open-shell, curved, or planar PAHs via controlled annulative π-extensions in different directions such as peripheral, diagonal, or multiple dimensions of the Per-4Br skeleton. In this part, the fundamental structure-property relationships between molecular conformations, electronic structures, and self-assembly behaviors of these PAHs and their unique physiochemical properties such as unusual open-shell ground states, global aromaticity, state-associated/stimuli-responsive magnetic activity, and charge transport characteristics will be emphatically elaborated. Finally, we offer our perspective on the continued advancement of π-functional materials based on Per-4Br, which, we posit, may stimulate heightened research interest in the versatile structural motifs typified by Per-4Br, consequently catalyzing further progress in the realm of organic π-functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zuhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yulin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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6
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Vasiļevska A, Slanina T. Structure-property-function relationships of stabilized and persistent C- and N-based triaryl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:252-264. [PMID: 38086625 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05706b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Structurally similar C- and N-based triaryl radicals are among the most commonly used structural motifs in stable, open-shell, organic molecules. The application of such species is associated with their stability, properties and structural design. This study summarizes the basic stabilization and persistence principles of C- and N-based triaryl radicals and highlights recent advances in design strategies of radicals tailored for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vasiļevska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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7
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Gao Y, Liu Z, Li T, Zhao W. Mixed-Valence BN-Doped Corannulene Trimer Radical Cations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314006. [PMID: 37847644 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-valence (MV) dimers have been extensively investigated, however, the structure and properties of purely organic MV trimers based on open-shell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons remain elusive. Herein, unprecedented MV BN-doped corannulene radical cations [BN-Cor1]3 ⋅⋅2+ ⋅ 2[BArylF 4 ]- and [BN-Cor2]3 ⋅⋅2+ ⋅ 2[BArylF 4 ]- were synthesized via chemical oxidation, and their structures were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These uncommon radical cations consist of three corannulene cores and two [BArylF 4 ]- anions, and three corannulene motifs [BN-Cor1]3 ⋅⋅2+ and [BN-Cor2]3 ⋅⋅2+ in the unit cell exhibit a trimer structure with a slipped π-stacking configuration. Detailed structural analyses further revealed that the corannulene cores exhibit an infinite layered self-assembly configuration, allowing their potential applications as building blocks for molecular conductors. The detection of a forbidden transition (Δms =±2) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy further confirmed the existence of two unpaired electrons in the π-trimers and the MV characteristic of these two species. Variable-temperature EPR and conductivity measurements suggested that the BN-doped π-trimers exhibited antiferromagnetic coupling and conductivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zheming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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8
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Kinzelmann M, Reger D, Warmbrunn V, Lungerich D, Jux N, Drewello T. Superhelicenes in the gas phase: experimental and computational evidence of stable radical cation dimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5882-5885. [PMID: 37097081 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01312j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) readily produces stable radical cation π-dimers of the superhelicenes. Energy-resolved collision experiments reveal the dissociation of the dicationic dimer into two singly charged superhelicenes. DFT calculations indicate that open-shell dications composed of two radical cations are thermochemically more attractive than the closed-shell dimer formed by a doubly charged and a neutral superhelicene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kinzelmann
- Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - David Reger
- Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Vera Warmbrunn
- Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, South Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Norbert Jux
- Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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9
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Odajima M, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Dinaphthooxepine Bisimide Undergoes Oxygen Extrusion Reaction upon Electron Injection at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2023; 25:282-287. [PMID: 36602262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c04173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of a dinaphthooxepine bisimide (DNOBI), a nonplanar perylene bisimide (PBI) analogue with an inserted oxygen atom. A DNOBI underwent an oxygen-extrusion reaction smoothly upon electron injection at room temperature, affording PBI in good yield. Studies on the reaction mechanism suggest that the injection of two electrons triggers the isomerization of DNOBI to dinaphthooxanorcaradiene bisimide, which is a key step in inducing the oxygen-extrusion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Odajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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10
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Wu YF, Ying SW, Liao SD, Zhang L, Du JJ, Chen BW, Tian HR, Xie FF, Xu H, Deng SL, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Sulfur-Doped Quintuple [9]Helicene with Azacorannulene as Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204334. [PMID: 35698274 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a hetero(S,N)-quintuple [9]helicene (SNQ9H) molecule with an azacorannulene core was synthesized, currently representing the highest hetero-helicene reported in the field of multiple [n]helicenes. X-ray crystallography indicated that SNQ9H includes not only a propeller-shaped conformer SNQ9H-1, but also an unforeseen quasi-propeller-shaped conformer SNQ9H-2. Different conformers were observed for the first time in multiple [n≥9]helicenes, likely owing to the doping of heteroatomic sulfurs in the helical skeletons. Remarkably, the ratio of SNQ9H-1 to SNQ9H-2 can be regulated in situ by the reaction temperature. Experimental studies on the photophysical and redox properties of SNQ9H and theoretical calculations clearly demonstrated that the electronic structures of SNQ9H depend on their molecular conformations. The strategy of introducing heteroatomic sulfurs into the helical skeleton may be useful in constructing various conformers of higher multiple [n]helicenes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Fu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Si-Wei Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Song-Di Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun-Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Bin-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shun-Liu Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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11
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Wu YF, Ying SW, Su LY, Du JJ, Zhang L, Chen BW, Tian HR, Xu H, Zhang ML, Yan X, Zhang Q, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Nitrogen-Embedded Quintuple [7]Helicene: A Helicene-Azacorannulene Hybrid with Strong Near-Infrared Fluorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10736-10742. [PMID: 35671378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a nitrogen-embedded quintuple [7]helicene (N-Q7H) with an azapentabenzocorannulene core, which can be considered to be a helicene/azacorannulene hybrid π-system, was synthesized from azapentabenzocorannulene in a three-step process. N-Q7H is the first example of a multiple helicene with an azabuckybowl core. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometry unambiguously confirmed the structure of the propeller-shaped hybrid π-system. Owing to nitrogen-atom doping in the multiple helicenes and effective hybridization between the helicene and azacorannulene, N-Q7H exhibits considerably redshifted absorption and emission (yellow-to-green color change and green-to-near-infrared fluorescence change) relative to the azapentabenzocorannulene core. The broad absorption from the ultraviolet-visible to the NIR region is ascribable to the allowed transition between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital after symmetry breaking, as revealed by density functional theory calculations. Compared to previous propeller-shaped multiple helicenes with corannulene or hexabenzocoronene (etc.) as cores, N-Q7H demonstrates a significantly higher NIR fluorescence quantum efficiency of 28%. Additionally, the chiral-resolution and redox properties of N-Q7H were investigated. The excellent photophysical and inherent chiral properties of N-Q7H suggest that azapentabenzocorannulene can be used as an outstanding nitrogen-embedded core to construct novel multiple helicenes with wide application potential, including as NIR fluorescent bio-probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Fu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Si-Wei Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li-Yun Su
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun-Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bin-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mei-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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12
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Zhang Q, Wu YF, Ying SW, Liao SD, Zhang L, Du JJ, Chen BW, Tian HR, Xie FF, Xu H, Deng SL, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Sulfur‐Doped Quintuple [9]helicene with Azacorannulene as Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Zhang
- Xiamen University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Simin South Road 422, Xiamen, China 361005 Xiamen CHINA
| | - Yin-Fu Wu
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | - Si-Wei Ying
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | | | - Ling Zhang
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | - Jun-Jie Du
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Han Xu
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
| | | | - Su-Yuan Xie
- Xiamen University chemistry department CHINA
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13
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Shang J, Wang R, Yuan C, Liu Z, Zhang H, Shao X. Monoazadichalcogenasumanenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Ring Reconstruction via Atom Transfer under Acidic Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117504. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Renjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Hao‐Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
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14
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Zhang X, Mackinnon MR, Bodwell GJ, Ito S. Synthesis of a π-Extended Azacorannulenophane Enabled by Strain-Induced 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116585. [PMID: 35148448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a cyclophane bearing a nitrogen-containing buckybowl was synthesized via sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization. The key to the successful synthesis is the strain-induced 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide to the K-region of [7](2,7)pyrenophane. The resulting π-extended azacorannulenophane exhibits intriguing structural and physical properties, including unique variation of bowl depth, extraordinarily high-field chemical shifts in its 1 H NMR spectrum, a decreased HOMO-LUMO gap, and a red shift in the absorption/emission spectrum, when compared to those of the parent azacorannulene. These characteristics are derived from both the π-extension to the polycyclic aromatic system in the cyclophane structure and the increased curvature enforced by the seven-carbon aliphatic chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Marc R Mackinnon
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Graham J Bodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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15
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Liu Z, Song W, Yang S, Yuan C, Liu Z, Zhang H, Shao X. Marriage of Heterobuckybowls with Triptycene: Molecular Waterwheels for Separating C
60
and C
70. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Wenru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
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16
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Fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer as large diaza[80]fullerene fragment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1498. [PMID: 35314682 PMCID: PMC8938435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer with a large π-surface (76π system) was successfully synthesized from a fully conjugated bifunctional polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide. This molecule represents an example of diaza[80]fullerene (C78N2) fragment molecule bearing two internal nitrogen atoms. X-ray crystallography analysis shows its boat-shaped structure with two terminal azacorannulenes bent in the same direction. The molecular shape leads to unique selective association with a dumbbell-shaped C60 dimer (C120) over C60 through shape recognition. Owing to its large π-surface and a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, the azacorannulene dimer exhibits red fluorescence with a quantum yield of up to 31%. The utilization of the fully conjugated bifunctional azomethine ylide is a powerful method for the bottom-up synthesis of large multiazafullerene fragments, providing a step towards the selective total synthesis of multiazafullerenes.
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17
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Shang J, Wang R, Yuan C, Liu Z, Zhang HL, Shao X. Monoazadichalcogenasumanenes: Synthesis, Structures, and Ring Reconstruction via Atom Transfer under Acidic Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihai Shang
- Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry 730000 Lanzhou CHINA
| | - Renjie Wang
- Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry 730000 Lanzhou CHINA
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry 730000 Lanzhou CHINA
| | - Zitong Liu
- Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry 730000 Lanzhou CHINA
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- Lanzhou University State key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry 730000 Lanzhou CHINA
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- Lanzhou University State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry 222 Tianshui Southern Road 730000 Lanzhou CHINA
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18
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Zhang X, Mackinnon MR, Bodwell GJ, Ito S. Synthesis of a π‐Extended Azacorannulenophane Enabled by Strain‐Induced 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Zhang
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical sciences 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
| | - Marc R. Mackinnon
- Memorial University of Newfoundland Chemistry A1B 3X7 St. John's CANADA
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Memorial University of Newfoundland Chemistry A1B 3X7 St. John’s CANADA
| | - Shingo Ito
- Nanyang Technological University School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore SINGAPORE
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19
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Li Q, Hamamoto Y, Kwek G, Xing B, Li Y, Ito S. Diazapentabenzocorannulenium: A Hydrophilic/Biophilic Cationic Buckybowl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang‐Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Germain Kwek
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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20
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Zhang R, Ellern A, Winter AH. Steric Hindrance Favors σ Dimerization over π Dimerization for Julolidine Dicyanomethyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1507-1511. [PMID: 34985897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Metastable radicals exist in a steady-state equilibrium in solution with dimers, which can be either σ dimers or π dimers. Here, we show that steric hindrance at the para position causes julolidine-derived dicyanomethyl radicals to form σ dimers rather than π dimers, the opposite behavior as seen in other carbon-centered radicals, where steric hindrance typically favors pimerization. The change in dimerization mode can be attributed to weaker London dispersion forces and a decreased orbital overlap in the sterically hindered dicyanomethyl radical π dimers, while the bulky groups exert relatively little effect on the energy of the σ dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1651 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arkady Ellern
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1651 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
| | - Arthur H Winter
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, 1651 Gilman Hall, Ames, Iowa 50010, United States
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21
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five‐Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo‐ and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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23
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Tanaka T, Kise K. Non-Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Molecules Including Heterole Units. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Li QQ, Hamamoto Y, Tan CCH, Sato H, Ito S. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides and imidoyl halides for synthesis of π-extended imidazolium salts. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach to π-extended imidazolium salts is developed based on 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides with imidoyl chlorides in the presence of cesium fluoride as a key additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Cai Hui Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-Cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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25
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Li QQ, Hamamoto Y, Kwek G, Xing B, Li Y, Ito S. Diazapentabenzocorannulenium: A Hydrophilic/Biophilic Cationic Buckybowl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112638. [PMID: 34863045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic molecules are promising functional materials for a wide range of applications, especially in organic electronics. However, their largely hydrophobic nature has impeded further applications. As such, imparting high solubility/hydrophilicity to polycyclic aromatic molecules leads to a breakthrough in this research field. Herein, we report the synthesis of diazapentabenzocorannulenium, a cationic nitrogen-embedded buckybowl bearing a central imidazolium core, by a bottom-up strategy from polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide. X-ray crystallography analyses have revealed a bowl-shaped molecular structure that is capable of forming charge-segregated one-dimensional columns by bowl-in-bowl packing. In addition to its fluorescence capabilities and high dispersibility in water, the molecule was found to selectively localize in the mitochondria of various tumor cells, showing potential as viable mitochondria-selective fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Germain Kwek
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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26
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Kise K, Ooi S, Saito H, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A, Tanaka T. Five-Fold Symmetric Pentaindolo- and Pentakis(benzoindolo)Corannulenes: Unique Structural Dynamics Derived from the Combination of Helical and Bowl Inversions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112589. [PMID: 34738305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Peripherally π-extended corannulenes bearing quintuple azahelicene units, 10 and 11, were prepared and their dynamic behaviors were studied experimentally and theoretically. The fused corannulenes were synthesized from sym-pentabromocorannulene in three steps. X-Ray diffraction analysis for 10 displayed a conformer possessing a P(M) bowl chirality and a PPMPM (PMPMM) helical chirality, which was found to be the most stable conformer(s). Variable-temperature NMR measurements of 10 and 11 revealed that their structural isomers can be interconvertible in solution, depending on the steric congestion around the helical scaffolds. Automated search for conformers in the equilibrium and transition states by Artificial Force Induced Reaction (AFIR) method revealed their interconversion networks, including bowl-inversion and helical-inversion. This analysis indicated that the co-existing corannulene and azahelicene moieties influence the conformational dynamics, which leads to mitigation of the activation energy barriers for isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Kise
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayate Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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27
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Zheng L, Zhu W, Zhou Z, Liu K, Gao M, Tang BZ. Red-to-NIR emissive radical cations derived from simple pyrroles. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3082-3087. [PMID: 34505616 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Red-to-near-infrared (NIR) fluorophores are highly desirable in bio-imaging studies with advantages of high tissue penetration ability and less interference from auto-fluorescence. However, their preparation usually requires tedious synthetic procedures, which seriously restrict their applications. Thus, the direct preparation of red-to-NIR fluorophores from easily available substrates is highly desirable. Compared with the conventional closed-shell fluorophores, radical cations feature a large red-shift absorption, but only very few of them are fluorescent and they suffer from high instability. Herein, we proposed a convenient strategy for the preparation of red-to-NIR fluorophores through air oxidation of electron-rich 2,5-dimethylpyrroles to in situ generate red-to-NIR emissive radical cations, which can be stabilized by adsorption on silica gel-coated thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates or encapsulated in cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). The radical cations derived from pyrroles were verified using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, theoretical calculations and one-electron oxidation experiments. Moreover, the pyrrole-derived radical cations encapsulated in CB[7] can be used for mitochondrial imaging in living cells with high specificity and in vivo imaging with long-term stability. The easily available pyrrole-derived radical cations with red-to-NIR emission are thus promising for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wenchao Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zikai Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- AIE institute, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction and Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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28
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Prajapati B, Dang D, Chmielewski PJ, Majewski MA, Lis T, Gómez‐García CJ, Zimmerman PM, Stępień M. An Open‐Shell Coronoid with Hybrid Chichibabin–Schlenk Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Prajapati
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Duy‐Khoi Dang
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 N. University Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Piotr J. Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin A. Majewski
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Carlos J. Gómez‐García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular Universidad de Valencia 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan 930 N. University Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 50-383 Wrocław Poland
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29
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Li B, Yang C, Wang X, Li G, Peng W, Xiao H, Luo S, Xie S, Wu J, Zeng Z. Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Bisdibenzocorannulene in Multiple Redox States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19790-19796. [PMID: 33956394 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report an anti-folded bowl-shaped bisdibenzocorannulene (BDBC) featuring a new chair-cyclohexane-like hexagon as a bridge of two dibenzocorannulene moieties. The neutral compound showed multiple redox-active properties and could be converted to the corresponding redox states through chemical reduction or oxidation. Chemical reduction of BDBC by stoichiometric addition of metallic potassium in the presence of [18]crown-6 ether, provided a radical anion BDBC.- and a dianion BDBC2- , respectively; while chemical oxidation by silver hexafluoroantimonate(V), converted the neutral compound to an open-shell singlet diradical dication (BDBC.. )2+ . The structural consequences of both electron-reduction and oxidation were closely related to the release of ring-strain of the bowl-shaped π-scaffold and imposed steric hindrance of the hexagonal bridge. In addition, the unusual open-shell nature of the dication could mainly be attributed to the changing of localized antiaromaticity in the closed-shell structure to delocalized character in the biradical, and thus the emergence of weakly bonded π-electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wangwang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Huiping Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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30
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Li B, Yang C, Wang X, Li G, Peng W, Xiao H, Luo S, Xie S, Wu J, Zeng Z. Synthesis and Structural Elucidation of Bisdibenzocorannulene in Multiple Redox States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wangwang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Huiping Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 P. R. China
| | - Sheng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 P. R. China
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31
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Stępień M, Prajapati B, Dang DK, Chmielewski PJ, Majewski MA, Lis T, Gómez-García CJ, Zimmerman PM. An Open-Shell Coronoid with Hybrid Chichibabin-Schlenk Conjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22496-22504. [PMID: 34382721 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A hexaradicaloid molecule with alternating Kekulé and non-Kekulé connectivities between adjacent spin centers was obtained by fusing two classic conjugation motifs, found respectively in the Chichibabin and Schlenk hydrocarbons, into a coronoid structure. 1 H NMR, ESR and SQUID experiments, combined with computational analyses reveal that the system has a singlet ground state, characterized by a significant hexaradicaloid character ( γ 0 = 0.826, γ 1 = γ 2 = 0.773). It possesses multiple thermally accessible high-spin states (up to the septet), with uniform energy gaps of ca 1.0 kcal/mol between consecutive multiplicities. In line with its open-shell character, the coronoid has a small electronic bandgap of ca. 0.8 eV and undergoes two consecutive one-electron oxidations at low potentials, yielding cationic forms with extended near-infrared absorption. The hexaradicaloid, which combines open-shell and macrocyclic contributions to its π conjugation, provides an example of a design strategy for multistate spin switches and redox-amphoteric NIR dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- University of Wroclaw, Department of Chemistry, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wroclaw, POLAND
| | | | - Duy-Khoi Dang
- University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Tadeusz Lis
- Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wydział Chemii, POLAND
| | - Carlos J Gómez-García
- Universidad de Valencia, Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, SPAIN
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
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32
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Odajima M, Tajima K, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Non-Planar Perylene Bisimide Analogues with Inserted Carbonyl and Methylene Subunits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15838-15843. [PMID: 33928728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of dinaphthotropone bisimide (DNTrBI) and dinaphthocycloheptatriene bisimide (DNCHepBI) are described. Their molecular design is conceptually based on the insertion of a carbon atom into a perylene bisimide (PBI) core. These molecules adopt non-planar structures due to the presence of a seven-membered ring. The PBI derivative into which a carbonyl group was inserted (DNTrBI) immediately underwent nonradiative decay and/or intersystem crossing in its excited state. The PBI derivative into which a methylene group was inserted (DNCHepBI) was susceptible to deprotonation on account of the two electron-withdrawing naphthalene monoimide units. Subsequent aerobic oxidation resulted in the formation of a C-C bond at the central methylene unit, thus affording a σ-dimer. The formation of this C-C bond is dynamically redox-active, i.e., electron injection into the σ-dimer almost quantitatively regenerated the deprotonated DNCHepBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Odajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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33
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Odajima M, Tajima K, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Non‐Planar Perylene Bisimide Analogues with Inserted Carbonyl and Methylene Subunits. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Odajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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34
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl-Shaped Pentagon- and Heptagon-Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14998-15005. [PMID: 33831270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A bowl-shaped nitrogen-doped nanographene composed of a pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core substituted with six arene rings circularly bonded with one another has been prepared via a concise synthetic strategy encompassing the multicomponent tetraarylpyrrolopyrrole (TAPP) synthesis, the Scholl reaction, and intramolecular direct arylation. This synthesis represents the first case of programmed sequential intramolecular direct arylation reactions utilizing the different reactivity of C-Br and C-Cl bonds. The target compound contains two central pentagons confined between two adjacent heptagons-the inverse Stone-Thrower-Wales topology. The presence of both five- and seven-membered rings in the final structure is responsible for interesting properties such as a perpendicularly aligned dipole moment, absorption and fluorescence in the orange-red region, weak emission originating from the charge-transfer character of a low-energy absorption band, and a high lying HOMO. In the solid state slipped convex-to-convex π-π stacking dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej L Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44-52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Tajima K, Matsuo K, Yamada H, Seki S, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Acridino[2,1,9,8‐
klmna
]acridine Bisimides: An Electron‐Deficient π‐System for Robust Radical Anions and n‐Type Organic Semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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36
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Tajima K, Matsuo K, Yamada H, Seki S, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Acridino[2,1,9,8‐
klmna
]acridine Bisimides: An Electron‐Deficient π‐System for Robust Radical Anions and n‐Type Organic Semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14060-14067. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Tajima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
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37
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Xiang Q, Xu J, Guo J, Dang Y, Xu Z, Zeng Z, Sun Z. Unveiling the Hidden σ-Dimerization of a Kinetically Protected Olympicenyl Radical. Chemistry 2021; 27:8203-8213. [PMID: 33783053 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The σ-dimer of a kinetically protected olympicenyl radical, which evaded the experimental detection, was revealed by conversion into biolympicenylidene with E-configuration in a regioselective manner. The complicated stereochemistry and energetics of the σ-dimers derived from C2v symmetry and uneven spin distribution of the olympicenyl radical were revealed by the theoretical calculations, and the energetic preference of π-dimer over σ-dimer by a minute gap was disclosed. The E-biolympicenylidene, a polycyclic ene structure previously considered as reactive intermediate in the phenalenyl radical system, exhibited exceptional stability, which allowed for a detailed investigation on its singlet diradical character and physical properties by means of X-ray crystallography, UV-vis-NIR absorption/emission spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, and assisted by theoretical calculations. The E-biolympicenylidene showed high resistance towards both thermal and photochemical ring-cyclization reactions, which was attributed to high activation energies for the rate-determining electrocyclization operated on both disrotatory and conrotatory mode, as well as a small spin density at the bonding sites for the radical-radical coupling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhanqiang Xu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zebing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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38
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Krzeszewski M, Dobrzycki Ł, Sobolewski AL, Cyrański MK, Gryko DT. Bowl‐Shaped Pentagon‐ and Heptagon‐Embedded Nanographene Containing a Central Pyrrolo[3,2‐
b
]pyrrole Core. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Andrzej L. Sobolewski
- Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Lotników 32/46 02-668 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał K. Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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39
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Taniguchi T, Nishii Y, Mori T, Nakayama KI, Miura M. Synthesis, Structure, and Chiroptical Properties of Indolo- and Pyridopyrrolo-Carbazole-Based C 2 -Symmetric Azahelicenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:7356-7361. [PMID: 33778999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 11,12-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-3-yl or 6-phenylpyridin-2-yl)-substituted 11,12-dihydro-indolo[2,3-a]carbazole with an oxidizing system of Pd(II)/Ag(I) induced effective double dehydrogenative cyclization to afford the corresponding π-extended azahelicenes. The optical resolutions were readily achieved by a preparative chiral HPLC. It was found that the pyridopyrrolo-carbazole-based azahelicene that contains four nitrogen atoms exhibits ca. 6 times larger dissymmetry factors both in circularly dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), |gCD | and |gCPL | values being 1.1×10-2 and 4.4×10-3 , respectively, as compared with the parent indolocarbazole-based azahelicene. Theoretical calculations at the RI-CC2 level were employed to rationalize the observed enhanced chiroptical responses. The (chir)optical properties of the former helicene was further tuned by a protonation leading to remarkable red-shift with a considerable enhancement of the |gCPL | value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisei Taniguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nakayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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40
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Synthesis of π-extended dibenzo[d,k]ullazines by a palladium-catalyzed double annulation using arynes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Kumar Maurya Y, Wei P, Shimada T, Yamasumi K, Mori S, Furukawa K, Kusaba H, Ishihara T, Xie Y, Ishida M, Furuta H. Chiral Interlocked Corrole Dimers Directly Linked at Inner Carbon Atoms of Confused Pyrrole Rings. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:743-747. [PMID: 33624937 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A facile synthetic strategy towards conformationally stable chiral chromophores based on dimeric porphyrinoids has been established. A peculiar class of face-to-face intramolecularly interlocked corrole dimers were formed by the oxidative C-C coupling linked at the inner carbon sites upon simple treatment of copper(II) ions. Their intrinsic electronic structures were modulated by the peripheral corrole ring annulations, which lead to distinct optical properties and redox profiles. The stereogenic carbon centers implemented in the confused corrole skeleton provided a rationale for designing novel chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Maurya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Pingchun Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahide Shimada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Hajime Kusaba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsumi Ishihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yongshu Xie
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Crystal Engineering & Technology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 200237, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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42
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Abstract
Buckybowls have concave and convex surfaces with distinct π-electron cloud distribution, and consequently they show unique structural and electronic features as compared to planar aromatic polycycles. Doping the π-framework of buckybowls with heteroatoms is an efficient scheme to tailor inherent properties, because the nature of heteroatoms plays a pivotal role in the structural and electronic characteristics of the resulting hetera-buckybowls. The design, synthesis, and derivatization of hetera-buckybowls open an avenue for obtaining fascinating organic entities not only of fundamental importance but also of promising applications in optoelectronics. In this review, we summarize the advances in hetera-buckybowl chemistry, particularly the synthetic strategies toward these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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43
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Badía-Domínguez I, Peña-Álvarez M, Wang D, Pérez Guardiola A, Vida Y, Rodríguez González S, López Navarrete JT, Hernández Jolín V, Sancho García JC, García Baonza V, Nash R, Hartl F, Li H, Ruiz Delgado MC. Dynamic Covalent Properties of a Novel Indolo[3,2-b]carbazole Diradical. Chemistry 2021; 27:5509-5520. [PMID: 33474741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and properties of a dicyanomethylene-substituted indolo[3,2-b]carbazole diradical ICz-CN. This quinoidal system dimerises almost completely to (ICz-CN)2 , which contains two long C(sp3 )-C(sp3 ) σ-bonds between the dicyanomethylene units. The minor open-shell ICz-CN component in the solid-state mixture was identified by EPR spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroelectrochemical data, as well as comparison with reference monomer ICz-Br reveal that the nature of the one-electron oxidation of (ICz-CN)2 at ambient temperature and ICz-CN at elevated temperature is very similar in all these compounds due to the prevailing localization of their HOMO on the ICz backbone. The peculiar cathodic behaviour reflects the co-existence of (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN. The involvement of the dicyanomethylene groups stabilizes the close-lying LUMO and LUMO+1 of (ICz-CN)2 and especially ICz-CN compared to ICz-Br, resulting in a distinctive cathodic response at low overpotentials. Differently from neutral ICz-CN, its radical anion and dianion are remarkably stable under ambient conditions. The UV/Vis(-NIR) electronic transitions in parent (ICz-CN)2 and ICz-CN and their different redox forms have been assigned convincingly with the aid of TD-DFT calculations. The σ-bond in neutral (ICz-CN)2 is cleaved in solution and in the solid-state upon soft external stimuli (temperature, pressure), showing a strong chromism from light yellow to blue-green. Notably, in the solid state, the monomeric diradical species is predominantly formed under high hydrostatic pressure (>1 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Badía-Domínguez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miriam Peña-Álvarez
- Present address: Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions & School of, Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, UK.,MALTA-Consolider Team, Department of Physical Chemistry I, Chemistry Faculty, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | | | - Yolanda Vida
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND, Parque Tecnológico de Andalucía, C/ Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez González
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan T López Navarrete
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Hernández Jolín
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan C Sancho García
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Alicante, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Valentín García Baonza
- MALTA-Consolider Team and Instituto de Geociencias IGEO (CSIC-UCM), University Complutense of Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosie Nash
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DX, UK
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-assembly Chemistry for, Organic Functional Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - M Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Málaga, Spain
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44
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Zhu G, Song Y, Zhang Q, Ding W, Chen X, Wang Y, Zhang G. Modulating the properties of buckybowls containing multiple heteroatoms. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-centered buckybowls with sulfur decoration at the rim were synthesized and characterized. The buckybowls demonstrate tunable properties depending on the state of the sulfur atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanxing Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Qianyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Ding
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yuannan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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45
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Unglaube F, Hünemörder P, Guo X, Chen Z, Wang D, Mejía E. Phenazine Radical Cations as Efficient Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Cross‐Dehydrogenative Aza‐
Henry
Reaction. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Unglaube
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a DE-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Paul Hünemörder
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a DE-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Xuewen Guo
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a DE-18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Zixu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Dengxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Esteban Mejía
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a DE-18059 Rostock Germany
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46
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Hiroto S. Development of synthetic protocols for porphyrins and their analogs based on distorted structures — a SPP/JPP Young Investigator Award paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Creation of novel [Formula: see text]-conjugated molecules is an important research topic. I describe in this account an approach to this aim that is based on the use of the distorted conformation of porphyrins. Planarization of distorted molecules enables the synthesis of heteroatom-containing porphyrin derivatives. Furthermore, dearomatization reaction proves effective to construct distorted conformations from planar [Formula: see text]-conjugated molecules under mild reaction conditions. According to this protocol, we have succeeded in the synthesis of heteroatom-containing curved-[Formula: see text] conjugated molecules that had never been achieved by conventional protocols. In particular, a nitrogen-embedded buckybowl is the first example of a buckybowl having a heteroatom in its central position, which exhibits unique properties due to the incorporation of the heteroatom in its curved [Formula: see text]-surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Nihonmatsu-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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47
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Qian Y, Shang J, Lyu Z, Huang X, Guan A, Xu L, Gong H. Synthesis of
π‐Extended
Carbazoles via
One‐Pot
C—C Coupling and Chlorination Promoted by
FeCl
3
. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Zhongguancundajie 59 Beijing 100872 China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Jia Shang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Lyu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
| | - Ai‐jiao Guan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongguancunbeiyijie 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Li‐Jin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Zhongguancundajie 59 Beijing 100872 China
| | - Han‐Yuan Gong
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Xinjiekouwaidajie 19 Beijing 100875 China
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48
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Li QQ, Ochiai K, Lee CA, Ito S. Synthesis of π-Extended Imidazoles by 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Polycyclic Aromatic Azomethine Ylides with Nitriles. Org Lett 2020; 22:6132-6137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Kotaro Ochiai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Cherie-Anne Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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49
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Kumar R, Aggarwal H, Srivastava A. Of Twists and Curves: Electronics, Photophysics, and Upcoming Applications of Non-Planar Conjugated Organic Molecules. Chemistry 2020; 26:10653-10675. [PMID: 32118325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-planar conjugated organic molecules (NPCOMs) contain π-conjugation across their length and also exhibit asymmetry in their conformation. In other words, certain molecular fragments in NPCOMs are either twisted or curved out of planarity. This conformational asymmetry in NPCOMs leads to non-uniform charge-distribution across the molecule, with important photophysical and electronic consequences such as altered thermodynamic stability, chemical reactivity, as well as materials properties. Majorly, NPCOMs can be classified as having either Fused or Rotatable architectures. NPCOMs have been the focus of significant scientific attention in the recent past due to their exciting photophysical behavior that includes intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and long-lived charge-separated states. In addition, they also have many useful materials characteristics such as biradical character, semi-conductivity, dynamic conformations, and mechanochromism. As a result, rational design of NPCOMs and mapping their structure-property correlations has become imperative. Researchers have executed conformational changes in NPCOMs through a variety of external stimuli such as pH, temperature, anions-cations, solvent, electric potential, and mechanical force in order to tailor their photophysical, optoelectronic and magnetic properties. Converging to these points, this review highlights the lucrative electronic features, photophysical traits and upcoming applications of NPCOMs by a selective survey of the recent scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Himanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
| | - Aasheesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal (IISER Bhopal), Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, India
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50
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Matsuo Y, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Highly Stable Radical Cations of N,N'-Diarylated Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene. Chemistry 2020; 26:8144-8152. [PMID: 32342540 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
N,N'-Diarylated tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulenes 3 a and 3 b were synthesized in good yields by a reaction sequence involving oxidation of tetrabenzodiazadithia[8]circulene 5-Oct and SN Ar reaction with aniline derivatives. The obtained aza[8]circulenes 3 a and 3 b were easily oxidized to give their radical cations 3 a+ and 3 b+ , which are highly stable under ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction analysis of radical cation 3 a+ showed a face-to-face dimer arrangement with an interplanar separation of 3.320 Å. The spin density of 3 a+ was calculated to be delocalized over the whole circulene π-systems with spin-spin exchange integral (J=-144 cm-1 ) in the dimeric part. These radical cations displayed far red-shifted absorption bands reaching to 2000 nm. Thus this study has proved the hetero[8]circulene scaffold to be a new entry of promising electronics and spin materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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