1
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Kephart J, Zhou DY, Sandwisch J, Cajiao N, Krajewski SM, Malinowski P, Chu JH, Neidig ML, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Caught in the Act of Substitution: Interadsorbate Effects on an Atomically Precise Fe/Co/Se Nanocluster. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1276-1282. [PMID: 38947197 PMCID: PMC11212139 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Directing groups guide substitution patterns in organic synthetic schemes, but little is known about pathways to control reactivity patterns, such as regioselectivity, in complex inorganic systems such as bioinorganic cofactors or extended surfaces. Interadsorbate effects are known to encode surface reactivity patterns in inorganic materials, modulating the location and binding strength of ligands. However, owing to limited experimental resolution into complex inorganic structures, there is little opportunity to resolve these effects on the atomic scale. Here, we utilize an atomically precise Fe/Co/Se nanocluster platform, [Fe3(L)2Co6Se8L'6]+ ([1(L)2]+; L = CN t Bu, THF; L' = Ph2PN(-)Tol), in which allosteric interadsorbate effects give rise to pronounced site-differentiation. Using a combination of spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, we discover that coordination of THF at the ligand-free Fe site in [1(CN t Bu)2]+ sets off a domino effect wherein allosteric through-cluster interactions promote the regioselective dissociation of CN t Bu at a neighboring Fe site. Computational analysis reveals that this active site correlation is a result of delocalized Fe···Se···Co···Se covalent interactions that intertwine edge sites on the same cluster face. This study provides an unprecedented atom-scale glimpse into how interfacial metal-support interactions mediate a collective and regiospecific path for substrate exchange across multiple active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan
A. Kephart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel Y. Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jason Sandwisch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nathalia Cajiao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Sebastian M. Krajewski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Paul Malinowski
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jiun-Haw Chu
- Department
of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michael L. Neidig
- Inorganic
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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2
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Le LN, Joyce JP, Oyala PH, DeBeer S, Agapie T. Highly Activated Terminal Carbon Monoxide Ligand in an Iron-Sulfur Cluster Model of FeMco with Intermediate Local Spin State at Fe. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5045-5050. [PMID: 38358932 PMCID: PMC10910499 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogenases, the enzymes that convert N2 to NH3, also catalyze the reductive coupling of CO to yield hydrocarbons. CO-coordinated species of nitrogenase clusters have been isolated and used to infer mechanistic information. However, synthetic FeS clusters displaying CO ligands remain rare, which limits benchmarking. Starting from a synthetic cluster that models a cubane portion of the FeMo cofactor (FeMoco), including a bridging carbyne ligand, we report a heterometallic tungsten-iron-sulfur cluster with a single terminal CO coordination in two oxidation states with a high level of CO activation (νCO = 1851 and 1751 cm-1). The local Fe coordination environment (2S, 1C, 1CO) is identical to that in the protein making this system a suitable benchmark. Computational studies find an unusual intermediate spin electronic configuration at the Fe sites promoted by the presence the carbyne ligand. This electronic feature is partly responsible for the high degree of CO activation in the reduced cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh N.
V. Le
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Justin P. Joyce
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paul H. Oyala
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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3
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Mendes SS, Marques J, Mesterházy E, Straetener J, Arts M, Pissarro T, Reginold J, Berscheid A, Bornikoel J, Kluj RM, Mayer C, Oesterhelt F, Friães S, Royo B, Schneider T, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Romão CC, Saraiva LM. Synergetic Antimicrobial Activity and Mechanism of Clotrimazole-Linked CO-Releasing Molecules. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:419-436. [PMID: 35996473 PMCID: PMC9389576 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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Several metal-based
carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs)
are active CO donors with established antibacterial activity. Among
them, CORM conjugates with azole antibiotics of type [Mn(CO)3(2,2′-bipyridyl)(azole)]+ display important synergies
against several microbes. We carried out a structure–activity
relationship study based upon the lead structure of [Mn(CO)3(Bpy)(Ctz)]+ by producing clotrimazole (Ctz) conjugates
with varying metal and ligands. We concluded that the nature of the
bidentate ligand strongly influences the bactericidal activity, with
the substitution of bipyridyl by small bicyclic ligands leading to
highly active clotrimazole conjugates. On the contrary, the metal
did not influence the activity. We found that conjugate [Re(CO)3(Bpy)(Ctz)]+ is more than the sum of its parts:
while precursor [Re(CO)3(Bpy)Br] has no antibacterial activity
and clotrimazole shows only moderate minimal inhibitory concentrations,
the potency of [Re(CO)3(Bpy)(Ctz)]+ is one order
of magnitude higher than that of clotrimazole, and the spectrum of
bacterial target species includes Gram-positive and Gram-negative
bacteria. The addition of [Re(CO)3(Bpy)(Ctz)]+ to Staphylococcus aureus causes a
general impact on the membrane topology, has inhibitory effects on
peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and affects energy functions. The mechanism
of action of this kind of CORM conjugates involves a sequence of events
initiated by membrane insertion, followed by membrane disorganization,
inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis, CO release, and break down
of the membrane potential. These results suggest that conjugation
of CORMs to known antibiotics may produce useful structures with synergistic
effects that increase the conjugate’s activity relative to
that of the antibiotic alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia S Mendes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Joana Marques
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Edit Mesterházy
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jan Straetener
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Dept. of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection. University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Melina Arts
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, University Clinic Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Teresa Pissarro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Jorgina Reginold
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Anne Berscheid
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Dept. of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection. University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Bornikoel
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Dept. of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection. University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Robert M Kluj
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Dept. of Organismic Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Dept. of Organismic Interactions, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Filipp Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Dept. of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection. University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sofia Friães
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Royo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, University Clinic Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 168, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Dept. of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Cluster of Excellence Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection. University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72070 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Carlos C Romão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Lígia M Saraiva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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4
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Brown AC, Thompson NB, Suess DLM. Evidence for Low-Valent Electronic Configurations in Iron-Sulfur Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9066-9073. [PMID: 35575703 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although biological iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters perform some of the most difficult redox reactions in nature, they are thought to be composed exclusively of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions, as well as mixed-valent pairs with average oxidation states of Fe2.5+. We herein show that Fe-S clusters formally composed of these valences can access a wider range of electronic configurations─in particular, those featuring low-valent Fe1+ centers. We demonstrate that CO binding to a synthetic [Fe4S4]0 cluster supported by N-heterocyclic carbene ligands induces the generation of Fe1+ centers via intracluster electron transfer, wherein a neighboring pair of Fe2+ sites reduces the CO-bound site to a low-valent Fe1+ state. Similarly, CO binding to an [Fe4S4]+ cluster induces electron delocalization with a neighboring Fe site to form a mixed-valent Fe1.5+Fe2.5+ pair in which the CO-bound site adopts partial low-valent character. These low-valent configurations engender remarkable C-O bond activation without having to traverse highly negative and physiologically inaccessible [Fe4S4]0/[Fe4S4]- redox couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Niklas B Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel L M Suess
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Gee LB, Scott AD, Dapper CH, Newton WE, Cramer SP. Carbon monoxide binding to α-R277H Mo-nitrogenase – Evidence for multiple pH-dependent species from IR-monitored photolysis. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Zhang W, Moore CE, Zhang S. Multiple Proton-Coupled Electron Transfers at a Tricopper Cluster: Modeling the Reductive Regeneration Process in Multicopper Oxidases. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1709-1717. [PMID: 35044761 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal clusters in enzymes carry out the life-sustaining reactions by accumulating multiple redox equivalents in a narrow potential range. This redox potential leveling effect commonly observed in Nature has yet to be reproduced with synthetic metal clusters. Herein, we employ a fully encapsulated synthetic tricopper complex to model the three-electron two-proton reductive regeneration of fully reduced trinuclear copper cluster CuICuICuI(μ2-OH2) (FR) from native intermediate CuIICuIICuII(μ3-O) (NI) in multicopper oxidases (MCOs). The tricopper cluster can access four oxidation states (I,I,I to II,II,II) and four protonation states ([Cu3(μ3-O)]LH, [Cu3(μ3-OH)]L, [Cu3(μ3-OH)]LH, and [Cu3(μ3-OH2)]L, where LH denotes the protonated ligand), allowing mechanistic investigation of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) relevant to MCOs. Seven tricopper complexes with discrete oxidation and protonation states were characterized with spectroscopy or X-ray single-crystal diffraction. A stepwise electron transfer-proton transfer (ET-PT) mechanism is established for the reduction of CuIICuIICuII(μ3-O)LH to CuIICuIICuI(μ3-OH)L, while a stepwise PT-ET mechanism is determined for the reduction of CuIICuICuI(μ3-OH)LH to CuICuICuI(μ2-OH2)L. The switch-over from ET-PT to PT-ET mechanism showcases that the tricopper complex can adopt different PCET mechanisms to circumvent high-barrier proton transfer steps. Overall, three-electron two-proton reduction occurs within a narrow potential range of 170 mV, exemplifying the redox potential leveling effect of secondary proton relays in delivering multiple redox equivalents at metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Curtis E Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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7
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Cavazza C, Collin-Faure V, Pérard J, Diemer H, Cianférani S, Rabilloud T, Darrouzet E. Proteomic analysis of Rhodospirillum rubrum after carbon monoxide exposure reveals an important effect on metallic cofactor biosynthesis. J Proteomics 2022; 250:104389. [PMID: 34601154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some carboxydotrophs like Rhodospirillum rubrum are able to grow with CO as their sole source of energy using a Carbone monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) and an Energy conserving hydrogenase (ECH) to perform anaerobically the so called water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2). Several studies have focused at the biochemical and biophysical level on this enzymatic system and a few OMICS studies on CO metabolism. Knowing that CO is toxic in particular due to its binding to heme iron atoms, and is even considered as a potential antibacterial agent, we decided to use a proteomic approach in order to analyze R. rubrum adaptation in term of metabolism and management of the toxic effect. In particular, this study allowed highlighting a set of proteins likely implicated in ECH maturation, and important perturbations in term of cofactor biosynthesis, especially metallic cofactors. This shows that even this CO tolerant microorganism cannot avoid completely CO toxic effects associated with its interaction with metallic ions. SIGNIFICANCE: This proteomic study highlights the fact that even in a microorganism able to handle carbon monoxide and in some way detoxifying it via the intrinsic action of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), CO has important effects on metal homeostasis, metal cofactors and metalloproteins. These effects are direct or indirect via transcription regulation, and amplified by the high interdependency of cofactors biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cavazza
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Julien Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 (CNRS-CEA), 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 (CNRS-CEA), 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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8
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Partial synthetic models of FeMoco with sulfide and carbyne ligands: Effect of interstitial atom in nitrogenase active site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2109241118. [PMID: 34857636 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109241118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-fixing organisms perform dinitrogen reduction to ammonia at an Fe-M (M = Mo, Fe, or V) cofactor (FeMco) of nitrogenase. FeMco displays eight metal centers bridged by sulfides and a carbide having the MFe7S8C cluster composition. The role of the carbide ligand, a unique motif in protein active sites, remains poorly understood. Toward addressing how the carbon bridge affects the physical and chemical properties of the cluster, we isolated synthetic models of subsite MFe3S3C displaying sulfides and a chelating carbyne ligand. We developed synthetic protocols for structurally related clusters, [Tp*M'Fe3S3X]n-, where M' = Mo or W, the bridging ligand X = CR, N, NR, S, and Tp* = Tris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)hydroborate, to study the effects of the identity of the heterometal and the bridging X group on structure and electrochemistry. While the nature of M' results in minor changes, the chelating, μ3-bridging carbyne has a large impact on reduction potentials, being up to 1 V more reducing compared to nonchelating N and S analogs.
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9
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Limon P, Miralrio A, Gómez-Balderas R, Castro M. Small Transition-Metal Mixed Clusters as Activators of the C-O Bond. Fe nCu m-CO ( n + m = 6): A Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7940-7955. [PMID: 34473929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Binding of carbon monoxide, CO, and its activation on the surface of the FenCumCO (n + m = 6) clusters are studied in this work. Using the BPW91/6-311 + G(2d) method, we have found that adsorption of the CO molecule on the surface of FenCum (n + m = 6) clusters is thermochemically favorable. Atop and bridge CO cluster coordinations appear for pure, Fe6 and Cu6, and mixed, Fe2Cu4 and Fe4Cu2, clusters. Threefold coordination takes place for Fe3Cu3-CO where the CO bond length, dCO, suffers a largest increase from 1.128 ± 0.014 Å for bare CO up to 1.21 Å. The CO stretching, νCO, as an indicator for the CO bond weakening is redshifted, from 2099 ± 4 cm-1 for isolated CO up to 1690 cm-1 for Fe3Cu3CO and 1678 cm-1 for Fe6CO. In addition, in Cu6CO, the strongest CO bond is slightly weakened as it has a bond length of 1.15 Å and a νCO of 2029 cm-1. There is a correlation between the CO bond weakening and the increase of CO coordination in FenCumCO, which in turns promotes the transference of charges from the metal core into the antibonding orbitals of CO. Substitution of up to three Cu atoms in Fe6 increases the adsorption energies and the activation of CO. Indeed, FenCum (n + m = 6) are promising clusters to catalyze CO dissociation, particularly Fe3Cu3, Fe5Cu, and Fe6, which have large CO bond lengths and CO adsorption energies. The Bader analysis of the electronic density indicates that FenCumCO species with threefold coordination show a rise in the C-O covalent character due to the less electronic polarization. They also show important M → CO charge transfer, which favors the weakening of the CO bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Limon
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Alan Miralrio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, México
| | - Rodolfo Gómez-Balderas
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Miguel Castro
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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10
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Wang CH, DeBeer S. Structure, reactivity, and spectroscopy of nitrogenase-related synthetic and biological clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8743-8761. [PMID: 34159992 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00381j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of dinitrogen (N2) is essential for its incorporation into nucleic acids and amino acids, which are vital to life on earth. Nitrogenases convert atmospheric dinitrogen to two ammonia molecules (NH3) under ambient conditions. The catalytic active sites of these enzymes (known as FeM-cofactor clusters, where M = Mo, V, Fe) are the sites of N2 binding and activation and have been a source of great interest for chemists for decades. In this review, recent studies on nitrogenase-related synthetic molecular complexes and biological clusters are discussed, with a focus on their reactivity and spectroscopic characterization. The molecular models that are discussed span from simple mononuclear iron complexes to multinuclear iron complexes and heterometallic iron complexes. In addition, recent work on the extracted biological cofactors is discussed. An emphasis is placed on how these studies have contributed towards our understanding of the electronic structure and mechanism of nitrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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11
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Munteanu AC, Uivarosi V. Ruthenium Complexes in the Fight against Pathogenic Microorganisms. An Extensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:874. [PMID: 34199283 PMCID: PMC8232020 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant populations of microorganisms. Clearly, one can see the need to develop new, more effective, antimicrobial agents that go beyond the explored 'chemical space'. In this regard, their unique modes of action (e.g., reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, redox activation, ligand exchange, depletion of substrates involved in vital cellular processes) render metal complexes as promising drug candidates. Several Ru (II/III) complexes have been included in, or are currently undergoing, clinical trials as anticancer agents. Based on the in-depth knowledge of their chemical properties and biological behavior, the interest in developing new ruthenium compounds as antibiotic, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral drugs has risen. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ru (II/III) frameworks as antimicrobial agents. Some aspects regarding the relationship between their chemical structure and mechanism of action, cellular localization, and/or metabolism of the ruthenium complexes in bacterial and eukaryotic cells are discussed as well. Regarding the antiviral activity, in light of current events related to the Covid-19 pandemic, the Ru (II/III) compounds used against SARS-CoV-2 (e.g., BOLD-100) are also reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Cristina Munteanu
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentina Uivarosi
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Buscagan TM, Perez KA, Maggiolo AO, Rees DC, Spatzal T. Structural Characterization of Two CO Molecules Bound to the Nitrogenase Active Site. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5704-5707. [PMID: 33320413 PMCID: PMC7920927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As an approach towards unraveling the nitrogenase mechanism, we have studied the binding of CO to the active-site FeMo-cofactor. CO is not only an inhibitor of nitrogenase, but it is also a substrate, undergoing reduction to hydrocarbons (Fischer-Tropsch-type chemistry). The C-C bond forming capabilities of nitrogenase suggest that multiple CO or CO-derived ligands bind to the active site. Herein, we report a crystal structure with two CO ligands coordinated to the FeMo-cofactor of the molybdenum nitrogenase at 1.33 Å resolution. In addition to the previously observed bridging CO ligand between Fe2 and Fe6 of the FeMo-cofactor, a new ligand binding mode is revealed through a second CO ligand coordinated terminally to Fe6. While the relevance of this state to nitrogenase-catalyzed reactions remains to be established, it highlights the privileged roles for Fe2 and Fe6 in ligand binding, with multiple coordination modes available depending on the ligand and reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trixia M. Buscagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E. California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E. California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Kathryn A. Perez
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E. California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA
- Present address: European Molecular Biology LaboratoryMeyerhofstrasse 169117HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ailiena O. Maggiolo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E. California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Douglas C. Rees
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E. California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E. California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Thomas Spatzal
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of Technology1200 E. California Blvd.PasadenaCA91125USA
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13
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Buscagan TM, Perez KA, Maggiolo AO, Rees DC, Spatzal T. Structural Characterization of Two CO Molecules Bound to the Nitrogenase Active Site. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trixia M. Buscagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Kathryn A. Perez
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Present address: European Molecular Biology Laboratory Meyerhofstrasse 1 69117 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Ailiena O. Maggiolo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Douglas C. Rees
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Thomas Spatzal
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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14
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Limon P, Miralrio A, Gomez-Balderas R, Castro M. Carbon Monoxide Activation on Small Iron Magnetic Cluster Surfaces, Fe nCO, n = 1-20. A Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9951-9962. [PMID: 33207867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemical activation of the carbon monoxide (CO) molecule on the surface of iron clusters Fen (n = 1-20) is studied in this work. By means of density functional theory (DFT) all-electron calculations, we have found that the adsorption of CO over the bare magnetic Fen (n = 1-20) clusters is thermochemically favorable. The Fen-CO interaction increases the C-O bond length, from 1.128 ± 0.014 Å, for isolated CO, up to 1.251 Å, for Fe9CO. Also, the calculated wavenumbers associated with the stretching modes νCO are decreased, or red-shifted, as another indicator of the CO bond weakening, passing from 2099 ± 4 to 1438 cm-1. Markedly, wavenumbers of vibrational modes νCO agree admirably well in comparison with experimental results reported for FenCO (n = 1, 18-20), getting small errors below 2.6%. The C-O bond is enlarged on the FenCO (n = 1-20) composed systems, as the CO molecule increases its bonding, charge transference, and coordination with the iron cluster. Therefore, small bare iron particles Fen (n = 1-20) can be proposed to promote the CO dissociation, especially Fe9CO, which has been proven to obtain the most prominent activation of the strong C-O bond by means of the charge transference from the metal core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Limon
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Alan Miralrio
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, México
| | - Rodolfo Gomez-Balderas
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica Analítica, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, C.P. 54700, Estado de México, México
| | - Miguel Castro
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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15
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Petel BE, Matson EM. Physicochemical Factors That Influence the Deoxygenation of Oxyanions in Atomically Precise, Oxygen-Deficient Vanadium Oxide Assemblies. Inorg Chem 2020; 60:6855-6864. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittney E. Petel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Ellen M. Matson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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16
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Lv LL, Sun YX, Ji CX, Ma S, Ren JW, Wang WW, Zhao JP, Liu ZY, Lin Q, Su K, He Y, Liu FC. Magnetite-like mixed-valence iron ferrimagnetic homohelical chains exhibiting spin canting, spin-flop and field induced SCM like behaviours. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Homohelical chains with magnetite like valence distribution exhibit ferrimagnetism, canted antiferromagnetism, spin-flop and field-induced SCM like behaviours.
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17
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Kephart JA, Mitchell BS, Chirila A, Anderton KJ, Rogers D, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Atomically Defined Nanopropeller Fe 3Co 6Se 8(Ph 2PNTol) 6: Functional Model for the Electronic Metal-Support Interaction Effect and High Catalytic Activity for Carbodiimide Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19605-19610. [PMID: 31770487 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined interfaces that maximize the density of active sites and harness the electronic metal-support interaction are desirable to facilitate challenging multielectron transformations, but their synthesis remains a considerable challenge. We report the rational synthesis of the atomically defined metal chalcogenide nanopropeller Fe3Co6Se8L6 (L = Ph2PNTol) featuring three Fe edge sites, and its ensuing catalytic activity for carbodiimide formation. The complex interaction between the Fe edges and Co6Se8 support, including the interplay between oxidation state, substrate coordination, and metal-support interaction, is probed in detail using chemical and electrochemical methods, extensive single crystal X-ray diffraction, and electronic absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Benjamin S Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Andrei Chirila
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Dylan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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18
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Arnett CH, Kaiser JT, Agapie T. Remote Ligand Modifications Tune Electronic Distribution and Reactivity in Site-Differentiated, High-Spin Iron Clusters: Flipping Scaling Relationships. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15971-15982. [PMID: 31738534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of [LFe3O(RArIm)3Fe][OTf]2, the first Hammett series of a site-differentiated cluster. The cluster reduction potentials and CO stretching frequencies shift as expected on the basis of the electronic properties of the ligand: electron-donating substituents result in more reducing clusters and weaker C-O bonds. However, unusual trends in the energetics of their two sequential CO binding events with the substituent σp parameters are observed. Specifically, introduction of electron-donating substituents suppresses the first CO binding event (ΔΔH by as much as 7.9 kcal mol-1) but enhances the second (ΔΔH by as much as 1.9 kcal mol-1). X-ray crystallography, including multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry, reveal that these substituent effects result from changes in the energetic penalty associated with electronic redistribution within the cluster, which occurs during the CO binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Arnett
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Jens T Kaiser
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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19
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McGale J, Cutsail GE, Joseph C, Rose MJ, DeBeer S. Spectroscopic X-ray and Mössbauer Characterization of M 6 and M 5 Iron(Molybdenum)-Carbonyl Carbide Clusters: High Carbide-Iron Covalency Enhances Local Iron Site Electron Density Despite Cluster Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12918-12932. [PMID: 31553598 PMCID: PMC6784818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The present study
employs a suite of spectroscopic techniques to
evaluate the electronic and bonding characteristics of the interstitial
carbide in a set of iron-carbonyl-carbide clusters, one of which is
substituted with a molybdenum atom. The M6C and M5C clusters are the dianions (Et4N)2[Fe6(μ6-C)(μ2-CO)2(CO)14] (1),
[K(benzo-18-crown-6)]2[Fe5(μ5-C)(μ2-CO)1(CO)13] (2), and [K(benzo-18-crown-6)]2[Fe5Mo(μ6-C)(μ2-CO)2(CO)15] (3). Because 1 and 2 have the same overall cluster charge (2−) but different numbers
of iron sites (1: 6 sites → 2: 5
sites), the metal atoms of 2 are formally oxidized compared
to those in 1. Despite this, Mössbauer studies
indicate that the iron sites in 2 possess significantly
greater electron density (lower spectroscopic oxidation state)
compared with those in 1. Iron K-edge X-ray absorption
and valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy measurements, paired
with density functional theory spectral calculations, revealed the
presence of significant metal-to-metal and carbide 2p-based character
in the filled valence and low-lying unfilled electronic manifolds.
In all of the above experiments, the presence of the molybdenum atom
in 3 (Fe5Mo) results in somewhat unremarkable
spectroscopic properties that are essentially a “hybrid”
of 1 (Fe6) and 2 (Fe5). The overall electronic portrait that emerges illustrates that
the central inorganic carbide ligand is essential for distributing
charge and maximizing electronic communication throughout the cluster.
It is evident that the carbide coordination environment is quite flexible
and adaptive: it can drastically modify the covalency of individual
Fe–C bonds based on local structural changes and redox manipulation
of the clusters. In light of these findings, our data and calculations
suggest a potential role for the central carbon atom in FeMoco, which
likely performs a similar function in order to maintain cluster integrity
through multiple redox and ligand binding events. An in-depth
spectroscopic investigation of a series of iron-carbonyl
carbide complexes: [Fe6C] (1), [Fe5C] (2), and [Fe5CMo] (3) is
described. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, valence-to-core X-ray
emission spectroscopy, and high-energy-resolution fluorescence-detected
X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we detail the ability of the conserved
central carbon atom in maintaining cluster stability despite dramatic
geometric rearrangements. Our study suggests a potential role for
the interstitial carbide in FeMoco as an electronic modulator, allowing
for charge and ligand accumulation under turnover conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy McGale
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , D-45470 , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - George E Cutsail
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , D-45470 , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Chris Joseph
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Michael J Rose
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Department of Inorganic Spectroscopy , Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , D-45470 , Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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20
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Metabolomics of Escherichia coli Treated with the Antimicrobial Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule CORM-3 Reveals Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle as Major Target. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00643-19. [PMID: 31332064 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00643-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) have been shown to act against several pathogens and to be promising antimicrobials. However, the understanding of the mode of action and reactivity of these compounds on bacterial cells is still deficient. In this work, we used a metabolomics approach to probe the toxicity of the ruthenium(II) complex Ru(CO)3Cl(glycinate) (CORM-3) on Escherichia coli By resorting to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and enzymatic activities, we show that CORM-3-treated E. coli accumulates larger amounts of glycolytic intermediates, independently of the oxygen growth conditions. The work provides several evidences that CORM-3 inhibits glutamate synthesis and the iron-sulfur enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and that the glycolysis pathway is triggered in order to establish an energy and redox homeostasis balance. Accordingly, supplementation of the growth medium with fumarate, α-ketoglutarate, glutamate, and amino acids cancels the toxicity of CORM-3. Importantly, inhibition of the iron-sulfur enzymes glutamate synthase, aconitase, and fumarase is only observed for compounds that liberate carbon monoxide. Altogether, this work reveals that the antimicrobial action of CORM-3 results from intracellular glutamate deficiency and inhibition of nitrogen and TCA cycles.
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21
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Henthorn J, Arias RJ, Koroidov S, Kroll T, Sokaras D, Bergmann U, Rees DC, DeBeer S. Localized Electronic Structure of Nitrogenase FeMoco Revealed by Selenium K-Edge High Resolution X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13676-13688. [PMID: 31356071 PMCID: PMC6716209 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The size and complexity of Mo-dependent nitrogenase, a multicomponent enzyme capable of reducing dinitrogen to ammonia, have made a detailed understanding of the FeMo cofactor (FeMoco) active site electronic structure an ongoing challenge. Selective substitution of sulfur by selenium in FeMoco affords a unique probe wherein local Fe-Se interactions can be directly interrogated via high-energy resolution fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopic (HERFD XAS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) studies. These studies reveal a significant asymmetry in the electronic distribution of the FeMoco, suggesting a more localized electronic structure picture than is typically assumed for iron-sulfur clusters. Supported by experimental small molecule model data in combination with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations, the HERFD XAS data is consistent with an assignment of Fe2/Fe6 as an antiferromagnetically coupled diferric pair. HERFD XAS and EXAFS have also been applied to Se-substituted CO-inhibited MoFe protein, demonstrating the ability of these methods to reveal electronic and structural changes that occur upon substrate binding. These results emphasize the utility of Se HERFD XAS and EXAFS for selectively probing the local electronic and geometric structure of FeMoco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin
T. Henthorn
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
| | - Renee J. Arias
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sergey Koroidov
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford
Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC
National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- PULSE
Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Douglas C. Rees
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute
of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der
Ruhr, Germany
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22
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Reed CJ, Agapie T. A Terminal Fe III-Oxo in a Tetranuclear Cluster: Effects of Distal Metal Centers on Structure and Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9479-9484. [PMID: 31083986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetranuclear Fe clusters have been synthesized bearing a terminal FeIII-oxo center stabilized by hydrogen-bonding interactions from pendant ( tert-butylamino)pyrazolate ligands. This motif was supported in multiple Fe oxidation states, ranging from [FeII2FeIII2] to [FeIII4]; two oxidation states were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reactivity of the FeIII-oxo center in proton-coupled electron transfer with X-H (X = C, O) bonds of various strengths was studied in conjunction with analysis of thermodynamic square schemes of the cluster oxidation states. These results demonstrate the important role of distal metal centers in modulating the reactivity of a terminal metal-oxo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Reed
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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23
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Fu YC, Die D, Chen L, Zhu B, Yin HL. The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Ag 4M and Ag 4MCO (M = Sc–Zn) clusters. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1622051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Chun Fu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Die
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhu
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Lin Yin
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Cheng HF, d'Aquino AI, Barroso-Flores J, Mirkin CA. A Redox-Switchable, Allosteric Coordination Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14590-14594. [PMID: 30365302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A redox-regulated molecular tweezer complex was synthesized via the weak-link approach. The PtII complex features a redox-switchable hemilabile ligand (RHL) functionalized with a ferrocenyl moiety, whose oxidation state modulates the opening of a specific coordination site. Allosteric regulation by redox agents gives reversible access to two distinct structural states-a fully closed state and a semi-open state-whose interconversion was studied via multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Two structures in this four-state system were further characterized via SCXRD, while the others were modeled through DFT calculations. This fully reversible, RHL-based system defines an unusual level of electrochemical control over the occupancy of a specific coordination site, thereby providing access to four distinct coordination states within a single system, each defined and differentiated by structure and oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Fung Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Andrea I d'Aquino
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
| | - Joaquín Barroso-Flores
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable, UAEM-UNAM , Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco Km 14.5 , Personal de la UNAM, Unidad San Cayetano, Toluca , Estado de México C.P. 50200 , Mexico
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology , Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road , Evanston , Illinois 60208-3113 , United States
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25
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Reed CJ, Agapie T. Thermodynamics of Proton and Electron Transfer in Tetranuclear Clusters with Mn-OH 2/OH Motifs Relevant to H 2O Activation by the Oxygen Evolving Complex in Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10900-10908. [PMID: 30064207 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of site-differentiated heterometallic clusters with three Fe centers and a single Mn site that binds water and hydroxide in multiple cluster oxidation states. Deprotonation of FeIII/II3MnII-OH2 clusters leads to internal reorganization resulting in formal oxidation at Mn to generate FeIII/II3MnIII-OH. 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy reveals that oxidation state changes (three for FeIII/II3Mn-OH2 and four for FeIII/II3Mn-OH clusters) occur exclusively at the Fe centers; the Mn center is formally MnII when water is bound and MnIII when hydroxide is bound. Experimentally determined p Ka (17.4) of the [FeIII2FeIIMnII-OH2] cluster and the reduction potentials of the [Fe3Mn-OH2] and [Fe3Mn-OH] clusters were used to analyze the O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEO-H) for multiple cluster oxidation states. BDEO-H increases from 69 to 78 and 85 kcal/mol for the [FeIIIFeII2MnII-OH2], [FeIII2FeIIMnII-OH2], and [FeIII3MnII-OH2] clusters, respectively. Further insight of the proton and electron transfer thermodynamics of the [Fe3Mn-OH x] system was obtained by constructing a potential-p Ka diagram; the shift in reduction potentials of the [Fe3Mn-OH x] clusters in the presence of different bases supports the BDEO-H values reported for the [Fe3Mn-OH2] clusters. A lower limit of the p Ka for the hydroxide ligand of the [Fe3Mn-OH] clusters was estimated for two oxidation states. These data suggest BDEO-H values for the [FeIII2FeIIMnIII-OH] and [FeIII3MnIII-OH] clusters are greater than 93 and 103 kcal/mol, which hints to the high reactivity expected of the resulting [Fe3Mn═O] in this and related multinuclear systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Reed
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
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26
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Li F, Meyer RL, Carpenter SH, VanGelder LE, Nichols AW, Machan CW, Neidig ML, Matson EM. Nitric oxide activation facilitated by cooperative multimetallic electron transfer within an iron-functionalized polyoxovanadate-alkoxide cluster. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6379-6389. [PMID: 30310566 PMCID: PMC6115649 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00987b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperative multimetallic electron transfer to accommodate substrate binding.
A series of NO-bound, iron-functionalized polyoxovanadate–alkoxide (FePOV–alkoxide) clusters have been synthesized, providing insight into the role of multimetallic constructs in the coordination and activation of a substrate. Upon exposure of the heterometallic cluster to NO, the vanadium-oxide metalloligand is oxidized by a single electron, shuttling the reducing equivalent to the {FeNO} subunit to form a {FeNO}7 species. Four NO-bound clusters with electronic distributions ranging from [VV3VIV2]{FeNO}7 to [VIV5]{FeNO}7 have been synthesized, and characterized via1H NMR, infrared, and electronic absorption spectroscopies. The ability of the FePOV–alkoxide cluster to store reducing equivalents in the metalloligand for substrate coordination and activation highlights the ultility of the metal-oxide scaffold as a redox reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - R L Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - S H Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - L E VanGelder
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - A W Nichols
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , USA
| | - C W Machan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904-4319 , USA
| | - M L Neidig
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
| | - E M Matson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York 14627 , USA .
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