1
|
Shu X, Liu Y, He F, Gong Y, Li J. A bibliometric and visualized analysis of the pathogenesis of cataracts from 1999 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26044. [PMID: 38390089 PMCID: PMC10881887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on the pathogenesis of cataracts is ongoing and the number of publications on this topic is increasing annually. This study offers an overview of the research status, popular topics, and scholarly tendencies in the field of cataract pathogenesis over recent decades,which helps to guide future research directions, and optimize resource allocation. In the present study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of cataract pathogenesis. Publications from January 1, 1999, to December 20, 2023, were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), and the extracted data were quantified and analyzed. We analyzed and presented the data using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Python. In all, 4006 articles were evaluated based on various characteristics, including publication year, authors, countries, institutions, journals, citations, and keywords. This study utilized VOSviewer to conduct visualized analysis, including co-authorship, co-citation, co-occurrence, and network visualization. The CiteSpace software was used to identify keywords with significant bursts of activity. The number of annual global publications climbed from 76 to 277 between 1999 and 2023, a 264.47% rise. Experimental Eye Research published the most manuscripts (178 publications), whereas Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science received the most citations (6675 citations). The most influential and productive country, institution, and author were the United States (1244 publications, 54,456 citations), University of California system (136 publications, 5401 citations), and Yao Ke (49 publications, 838 citations), respectively. The top 100 ranked keywords are divided into four clusters through co-occurrence analysis: (1) secondary cataracts, (2) oxidative stress, (3) gene mutations and protein abnormalities, and (4) alteration of biological processes in lens epithelial cells. Further discussions on the four subtopics outline the research topics and trends. In conclusion, the specific mechanism of cataract formation remains a popular topic for future research and should be explored in greater depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanfan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Sciences Research Center, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 55, University Town Central Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ghosh D, Agarwal M, Radhakrishna M. Molecular Insights into the Inhibitory Role of α-Crystallin against γD-Crystallin Aggregation. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1740-1752. [PMID: 38078935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Cataracts, a major cause of global blindness, contribute significantly to the overall prevalence of blindness. The opacification of the lens, resulting in cataract formation, primarily occurs due to the aggregation of crystallin proteins within the eye lens. Despite the high concentration of these crystallins, they remarkably maintain the lens transparency and refractive index. α-Crystallins (α-crys), acting as chaperones, play a crucial role in preventing crystallin aggregation, although the exact molecular mechanism remains uncertain. In this study, we employed a combination of molecular docking, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, and advanced free energy calculations to investigate the interaction between γD-crystallin (γD-crys), a major structural protein of the eye lens, and α-crystallin proteins. Our findings demonstrate that α-crys exhibits an enhanced affinity for the NTD2 and CTD4 regions of γD-crys. The NTD2 and CTD4 regions form the interface between the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the γD-crys protein. By binding to the interface region between the NTD and CTD of the protein, α-crys effectively inhibits the formation of domain-swapped aggregates and mitigates protein aggregation. Analysis of the Markov state models using molecular dynamics trajectories confirms that minimum free energy conformations correspond to the binding of the α-crystallin domain (ACD) of α-crys to NTD2 and CTD4 that form the interdomain interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Manish Agarwal
- Computer Services Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mithun Radhakrishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kinger S, Jagtap YA, Dubey AR, Kumar P, Choudhary A, Dhiman R, Prajapati VK, Chitkara D, Poluri KM, Mishra A. Lanosterol elevates cytoprotective response through induced-proteasomal degradation of aberrant proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119631. [PMID: 37967794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Efficient protein synthesis is a basic requirement of our cells to replace the old or defective proteins from the intrinsic crowded biomolecular environment. The interconnection among synthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins represents central paradigm to proteostasis. Failure of protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms results in the disturbance and inadequate functions of proteome. The consequent misfolded protein accumulation can form the basis of neurodegeneration onset and largely represents imperfect aging. Understanding how cells improve the function of deregulated PQC mechanisms to establish and maintain proteostasis against the unwanted sequestration of normal proteins with misfolded proteinaceous inclusions is a major challenge. Here we show that treatment of Lanosterol, a cholesterol synthesis pathway intermediate, induces Proteasome proteolytic activities and, therefore, supports the PQC mechanism for the elimination of intracellular aberrant proteins. The exposure of Lanosterol not only promotes Proteasome catalytic functions but also elevates the removal of both bona fide and neurodegenerative diseases associated toxic proteins. Our current study suggests that increasing Proteasome functions with the help of small molecules such as Lanosterol could serve as a cytoprotective therapeutic approach against abnormal protein accumulation. Cumulatively, based on findings in this study, we can understand the critical importance of small molecules and their potential therapeutic influence in re-establishing disturbed proteostasis linked with neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-Pilani), Vidya Vihar Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin N, Zhang Y, Song X, Xu J, Luo C, Tian Q, Yao K, Wu W, Chen X, Hu L. Cataract-causing mutations S78F and S78P of γD-crystallin decrease protein conformational stability and drive aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126910. [PMID: 37739288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cataract is the leading cause of childhood blindness, which primarily results from genetic factors. γD-crystallin is the most abundant γ-crystallin and is essential for maintaining lens transparency and refractivity. Numerous mutations in γD-crystallin have been reported with unclear pathogenic mechanism. Two different cataract-causing mutations Ser78Phe and Ser78Pro in γD-crystallin were previously identified at the same conserved Ser78 residue. In this work, firstly, we purified the mutants and characterized for the structural change using fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both mutants were prone to form insoluble precipitates when expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) cells. Compared with wild-type (WT), both mutations caused structural disruption, increased hydrophobic exposure, decreased solubility, and reduced thermal stability. Next, we investigated the aggregation of the mutants at the cellular level. Overexpression the mutants in HLE-B3 and HEK 293T cells could induce aggresome formations. The environmental stresses (including heat, ultraviolet irradiation and oxidative stress) promoted the formation of aggregates. Moreover, the intracellular S78F and S78P aggregates could be reversed by lanosterol. Molecular dynamic simulation indicated that both mutations disrupted the structural integrity of Greek-key motif 2. Hence, our results reveal the vital role of conserved Ser78 in maintaining the structural stability, which can offer new insights into the mechanism of cataract formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningqin Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jingjie Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenqi Luo
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| | - Lidan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bergman MR, Hernandez SA, Deffler C, Yeo J, Deravi LF. Design and Characterization of Model Systems that Promote and Disrupt Transparency of Vertebrate Crystallins In Vitro. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303279. [PMID: 37897315 PMCID: PMC10724405 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Positioned within the eye, the lens supports vision by transmitting and focusing light onto the retina. As an adaptive glassy material, the lens is constituted primarily by densely-packed, polydisperse crystallin proteins that organize to resist aggregation and crystallization at high volume fractions, yet the details of how crystallins coordinate with one another to template and maintain this transparent microstructure remain unclear. The role of individual crystallin subtypes (α, β, and γ) and paired subtype compositions, including how they experience and resist crowding-induced turbidity in solution, is explored using combinations of spectrophotometry, hard-sphere simulations, and surface pressure measurements. After assaying crystallin combinations, β-crystallins emerged as a principal component in all mixtures that enabled dense fluid-like packing and short-range order necessary for transparency. These findings helped inform the design of lens-like hydrogel systems, which are used to monitor and manipulate the loss of transparency under different crowding conditions. When taken together, the findings illustrate the design and characterization of adaptive materials made from lens proteins that can be used to better understand mechanisms regulating transparency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| | - Sophia A. Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| | - Caitlin Deffler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jingjie Yeo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringCornell University413 Upson Hall, 124 Hoy RdIthacaNY14850USA
| | - Leila F. Deravi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern University360 Huntington AveBostonMA02115USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sousa JLC, Albuquerque HMT, Silva AMS. Drug Discovery Based on Oxygen and Nitrogen (Non-)Heterocyclic Compounds Developed @LAQV-REQUI MTE/Aveiro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1668. [PMID: 38139794 PMCID: PMC10747949 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Artur Silva's research group has a long history in the field of medicinal chemistry. The development of new synthetic methods for oxygen (mostly polyphenols, e.g., 2- and 3-styrylchromones, xanthones, flavones) and nitrogen (e.g., pyrazoles, triazoles, acridones, 4-quinolones) heterocyclic compounds in order to be assessed as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and anticancer agents has been the main core work of our research interests. Additionally, the synthesis of steroid-type compounds as anti-Alzheimer drugs as well as of several chromophores as important dyes for cellular imaging broadened our research scope. In this review article, we intend to provide an enlightened appraisal of all the bioactive compounds and their biological properties that were synthesized and studied by our research group in the last two decades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (J.L.C.S.); (H.M.T.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghosh D, Sojitra KA, Biswas A, Agarwal M, Radhakrishna M. Effect of mutations on the folding and stability of γD-crystallin protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37830785 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2266768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Interprotein interactions between the partially unfolded states of γD-crystallin (γD-crys) protein are known to cause cataracts. Therefore, understanding the unfolding pathways of native γD-crys is extremely crucial to delineate their aggregation mechanism. In this study, we have performed extensive all-atom Molecular Dynamics simulations with explicit solvent to understand the role of the critical residues that drive the stability of the motifs and domains of γD-crys in its wild type and mutant forms. Our findings show that while the individual motifs of wild type are not stable in the native form, the individual domains remain structurally stable at 425K. This enhanced stability of the domain was attributed to the hydrophobic interactions between the motifs. Single and double point mutations of the domains with negatively charged aspartic and glutamic acid amino acid residues (I3E, W42D, W42E, I3D/W42D, I3E/W42E, and L92D/W157D) decreases the structural stability, leading to unfolding of individual domains of γD-crys. We believe that our study sheds light on the weakest links of γD-crys, along with the role of interactions stabilizing the domains. Further, this study bolsters and provides a better understanding of the domain swapping mechanism of aggregation of γD-crys.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepshikha Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| | - Kandarp Ashokbhai Sojitra
- Replace with:Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| | - Anushka Biswas
- Replace with:Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Agarwal
- Computer Services Centre, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi
| | - Mithun Radhakrishna
- Replace with:Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Park J, MacGavin S, Niederbrach L, Mchaourab HS. Interplay between Nrf2 and αB-crystallin in the lens and heart of zebrafish under proteostatic stress. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1185704. [PMID: 37577747 PMCID: PMC10422029 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1185704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A coordinated oxidative stress response, partly triggered by the transcription factor Nrf2, protects cells from the continual production of reactive oxygen species. Left unbuffered, reactive oxygen species can lead to protein aggregation that has been implicated in a spectrum of diseases such as cataract of the ocular lens and myopathy of the heart. While proteostasis is maintained by diverse families of heat shock proteins, the interplay between the oxidative and proteostatic stress responses in the lens and heart has not been investigated. Capitalizing on multiple zebrafish lines that have compromised function of Nrf2 and/or the two zebrafish small heat shock proteins αBa- and αBb-crystallin, we uncovered a transcriptional relationship that leads to a substantial increase in αBb-crystallin transcripts in the heart in response to compromised function of Nrf2. In the lens, the concomitant loss of function of Nrf2 and αBa-crystallin leads to upregulation of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, thus mitigating the phenotypic consequences of the αBa-crystallin knockout. By contrast, abrogation of Nrf2 function accentuates the penetrance of a heart edema phenotype characteristic of embryos of αB-crystallin knockout lines. Multiple molecular pathways, such as genes involved in extracellular interactions and implicated in cardiomyopathy, are revealed from transcriptome profiling, thus identifying novel targets for further investigation. Together, our transcriptome/phenotypic analysis establishes an intersection between oxidative stress and chaperone responses in the lens and heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hassane S. Mchaourab
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Luo C, Xu J, Fu C, Yao K, Chen X. New insights into change of lens proteins' stability with ageing under physiological conditions. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:442-446. [PMID: 34593413 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related cataract, which presents as a cloudy lens, is the primary cause of vision impairment worldwide and can cause more than 80% senile blindness. Previous studies mainly explored the profile of lens proteins at a low concentration because of technical limitations, which could not reflect physiological status. This study focuses on protein stability changes with ageing under physiological conditions using a novel equipment, Unchained Labs (Uncle), to evaluate protein thermal stability. METHODS Samples were assessed through Unchained Labs, size-exclusion chromatography, western blot and biophysics approaches including the Thioflavin T, ultraviolet and internal fluorescence. RESULTS With age, the melting temperature value shifted from 67.8°C in the young group to 64.2°C in the aged group. Meanwhile, crystallin may form more isomeric oligomers and easy to be degraded in aged lenses. The spectroscopic and size-exclusion chromatography results show a higher solubility after administrated with lanosterol under the environmental stress. CONCLUSION We are the first to explore rabbit lens protein stability changes with ageing using biophysical methods under physiological conditions, and this study can conclude that the structural stability and solubility of lens proteins decrease with ageing. Additionally, lanosterol could aid in resolving protein aggregation, making it a potential therapeutic option for cataracts. So, this study provides cataract models for anti-cataract drug developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Luo
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjie Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxi Fu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China .,Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Z, Huang S, Zheng Y, Zhou T, Hu L, Xiong L, Li DWC, Liu Y. The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 92:101112. [PMID: 36055924 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The crystalline lens is a transparent and refractive biconvex structure formed by lens epithelial cells (LECs) and lens fibers. Lens opacity, also known as cataracts, is the leading cause of blindness in the world. LECs are the principal cells of lens throughout human life, exhibiting different physiological properties and functions. During the embryonic stage, LECs proliferate and differentiate into lens fibers, which form the crystalline lens. Genetics and environment are vital factors that influence normal lens development. During maturation, LECs help maintain lens homeostasis through material transport, synthesis and metabolism as well as mitosis and proliferation. If disturbed, this will result in loss of lens transparency. After cataract surgery, the repair potential of LECs is activated and the structure and transparency of the regenerative tissue depends on postoperative microenvironment. This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of LECs in lens development, homeostasis, and regeneration, with a particular focus on the role of cholesterol synthesis (eg., lanosterol synthase) in lens development and homeostasis maintenance, and how the regenerative potential of LECs can be harnessed to develop surgical strategies and improve the outcomes of cataract surgery (Fig. 1). These new insights suggest that LECs are a major determinant of the physiological and pathological state of the lens. Further studies on their molecular biology will offer possibility to explore new approaches for cataract prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Leyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China; Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hybrid nanostructured gadolinium oxide-collagen-dextran polymeric hydrogel for corneal repair and regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1423-1438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
12
|
Lu A, Duan P, Xie J, Gao H, Chen M, Gong Y, Li J, Xu H. Recent progress and research trend of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy: A bibliometric analysis and literature review. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175299. [PMID: 36181780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation causes great burden to global healthcare, especially for low- and middle-income countries. Such burden would be significantly relieved if cataracts can effectively be treated or delayed by non-surgical means. Excitingly, novel drugs have been developed to treat cataracts in recent decades. For example, oxysterols are found to be able to innovatively reverse lens clouding, novel nanotechnology-loaded drugs improve anti-cataract pharmacological effect, and traditional Chinese medicine demonstrates promising therapeutic effects against cataracts. In the present review, we performed bibliometric analysis to provide an overview perspective regarding the research status, hot topics, and academic trends in the field of anti-cataract pharmacology therapy. We further reviewed the curative effects and molecular mechanisms of anti-cataract drugs such as lanosterol, metformin, resveratrol and curcumin, and prospected the possibility of their clinical application in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang KK, He WW, Du Y, Zhou YG, Wu X, Zhu J, Zhu XJ, Kang Z, Lu Y. Inhibitory effect of lanosterol on cataractous lens of cynomolgus monkeys using a subconjunctival drug release system. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 5:pbac021. [PMID: 36196296 PMCID: PMC9523460 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the effect of lanosterol on cataractous lens of cynomolgus monkeys using a subconjunctival drug release system. Methods Nine elder cynomolgus monkeys were used, consisting of three monkeys without cataract as controls, three monkeys with naturally occurring cortical cataract, and three monkeys with nuclear cataract as intervention groups. Nanoparticulated thermogel with lanosterol and fluorescein was administered by subconjunctival injection in the monkeys with cataract. Fluorescence changes of injected thermogel and cataract progression were observed. Lanosterol concentration in aqueous humor, solubility changes in lens proteins, and oxidative stress levels were analyzed in the lenses of the control and intervention groups. Results Injected thermogel showed decreased fluorescence during follow up. Lanosterol concentration in aqueous humor increased in the first 2 weeks and then gradually decreased, which was in accordance with the changes in cortical lens clarity. However, lenses with nuclear opacification showed little change. In the cortical region of lenses with cortical cataract, solubility of α-crystallin was significantly increased after administration of lanosterol, as well as the reduction of oxidative stress. Conclusions We demonstrated the effect of lanosterol on cataract progression based on in vivo models of primates. Lanosterol showed a short-term and reliable reversal effect on reducing cataract severity in cortical cataract in the early stages, possibly due to the increase in the solubility of lens proteins and changes in the oxidative stress status. Lanosterol administration using subconjunctival drug release system could be a promising nonsurgical approach for future clinical studies of cataract prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Wen-Wen He
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Yu Du
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Yu-gui Zhou
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510620 , China
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 , USA
| | - Xiaokang Wu
- Smidt Heart Institute , Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048 , USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510620 , China
- Guangzhou KangRui Biological Pharmaceutical Technology Company , Guangzhou 510440 , China
| | - Xiang-Jia Zhu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| | - Zhang Kang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Taipa 999078 , Macau, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai 200031 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University) , Shanghai 200031 , China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Shanghai 200031 , China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song Y, Lee S, Bell D, Goudey B, Zhou R. Binding Affinity Calculations of Gluten Peptides to HLA Risk Modifiers: DQ2.5 versus DQ7.5. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5151-5160. [PMID: 35796490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations can predict relative binding affinities of an antigen and its point mutants to the same human leukocyte antigen (HLA) with high accuracy (e.g., within 1.0 kcal/mol to experiment); however, a more challenging task is to compare binding affinities of wholly different antigens binding to completely different HLAs using FEP. Researchers have used a variety of different FEP schemes to compute and compare absolute binding affinities, with varied success. Here, we propose and assess a unifying scheme to compute the relative binding affinities of different antigens binding to completely different HLAs using absolute binding affinity FEP calculations. We apply our affinity calculation technique to HLA-antigen-T-cell receptor (TCR) systems relevant to celiac disease (CeD) by investigating binding affinity differences between HLA-DQ2.5 (enhanced CeD risk) and HLA-DQ7.5 (CeD protective) in the binary (HLA-gliadin) and ternary (HLA-gliadin-TCR) binding complexes for three gliadin derived epitopes: glia-α1, glia-α2, and glia-ω1. Based on FEP calculations with our carefully designed thermodynamic cycles, we demonstrate that HLA-DQ2.5 has higher binding affinity than HLA-DQ7.5 for gliadin and enhanced binding affinity with a common TCR, agreeing with known results that the HLA-DQ2.5 serotype exhibits increased risk for CeD. Our findings reveal that our proposed absolute binding affinity FEP method is appropriate for predicting HLA binding for disparate antigens with different genotypes. We also discuss atomic-level details of HLA genotypes interacting with gluten peptides and TCRs in regard to the pathogenesis of CeD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Physics, and Institute of Quantitative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sangyun Lee
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - David Bell
- Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Benjamin Goudey
- School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Physics, and Institute of Quantitative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Computational Biology Center, IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aguayo-Ortiz R, Guzmán-Ocampo DC, Dominguez L. Insights into the binding of morin to human γD-crystallin. Biophys Chem 2021; 282:106750. [PMID: 34999344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crystallin aggregation in the eye lens is one of the leading causes of cataract formation. The increase in the human γD-crystallin (HγDC) aggregation propensity has been associated with the oligomerization of its partially folded and fully unfolded structure. A recent study demonstrated that the binding of flavonoid morin (MOR) to HγDC inhibits the fibrillation of this protein. In this work, we carry out an exhaustive search for the possible binding site of MOR on HγDC by combining an ensemble docking approach with the Wrap 'N' Shake protocol. In agreement with previous results, we found a potential MOR-binding site in the cleft formed between the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of HγDC. MOR preference for the cleft residues was observed even with the interface-opened intermediate conformers of HγDC. In addition, metadynamics simulations were carried out to corroborate the stabilizing activity of MOR on HγDC structure and to identify the structural regions implicated during the unfolding inhibition. Overall, this study provides relevant insights into the identification of new HγDC aggregation inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Dulce C Guzmán-Ocampo
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moriel-Carretero M. The Many Faces of Lipids in Genome Stability (and How to Unmask Them). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12930. [PMID: 34884734 PMCID: PMC8657548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep efforts have been devoted to studying the fundamental mechanisms ruling genome integrity preservation. A strong focus relies on our comprehension of nucleic acid and protein interactions. Comparatively, our exploration of whether lipids contribute to genome homeostasis and, if they do, how, is severely underdeveloped. This disequilibrium may be understood in historical terms, but also relates to the difficulty of applying classical lipid-related techniques to a territory such as a nucleus. The limited research in this domain translates into scarce and rarely gathered information, which with time further discourages new initiatives. In this review, the ways lipids have been demonstrated to, or very likely do, impact nuclear transactions, in general, and genome homeostasis, in particular, are explored. Moreover, a succinct yet exhaustive battery of available techniques is proposed to tackle the study of this topic while keeping in mind the feasibility and habits of "nucleus-centered" researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Moriel-Carretero
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bell DR, Domeniconi G, Yang CC, Zhou R, Zhang L, Cong G. Dynamics-Based Peptide-MHC Binding Optimization by a Convolutional Variational Autoencoder: A Use-Case Model for CASTELO. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7962-7971. [PMID: 34793168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An unsolved challenge in the development of antigen-specific immunotherapies is determining the optimal antigens to target. Comprehension of antigen-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding is paramount toward achieving this goal. Here, we apply CASTELO, a combined machine learning-molecular dynamics (ML-MD) approach, to identify per-residue antigen binding contributions and then design novel antigens of increased MHC-II binding affinity for a type 1 diabetes-implicated system. We build upon a small-molecule lead optimization algorithm by training a convolutional variational autoencoder (CVAE) on MD trajectories of 48 different systems across four antigens and four HLA serotypes. We develop several new machine learning metrics including a structure-based anchor residue classification model as well as cluster comparison scores. ML-MD predictions agree well with experimental binding results and free energy perturbation-predicted binding affinities. Moreover, ML-MD metrics are independent of traditional MD stability metrics such as contact area and root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF), which do not reflect binding affinity data. Our work supports the role of structure-based deep learning techniques in antigen-specific immunotherapy design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Bell
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States.,Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21701, United States
| | - Giacomo Domeniconi
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Chih-Chieh Yang
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States.,Zhejiang University, 688 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Leili Zhang
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Guojing Cong
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States.,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hsueh SS, Lu JH, Wu JW, Lin TH, Wang SSS. Protection of human γD-crystallin protein from ultraviolet C-induced aggregation by ortho-vanillin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120023. [PMID: 34098480 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cataract is known as one of the leading causes of vision impairment worldwide. While the detailed mechanism of cataratogenesis remains unclear, cataract is believed to be correlated with the aggregation and/or misfolding of human ocular lens proteins called crystallins. A 173-residue structural protein human γD-crystallin is a major γ-crystallin protein in the human eye lens and associated with the development of juvenile and mature-onset cataracts. This work is aimed at investigating the effect of a small molecule, e.g., ortho-vanillin, on human γD-crystallin aggregation upon exposure to ultraviolet-C irradiation. According to the findings of right-angle light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and gel electrophoresis, ortho-vanillin was demonstrated to dose-dependently suppress ultraviolet-C-triggered aggregation of human γD-crystallin. Results from the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence quenching, and molecular docking studies revealed the structural change of γD-crystallin induced by the interaction/binding between ortho-vanillin and protein. We believe the outcome from this work may contribute to the development of potential therapeutics for cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shun Hsueh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hong Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Josephine W Wu
- Department of Optometry, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu City 30015, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Hsien Lin
- Basic Research Division, Medical Research Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
| | - Steven S-S Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen X, Xu J, Chen X, Yao K. Cataract: Advances in surgery and whether surgery remains the only treatment in future. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2021; 1:100008. [PMID: 37846393 PMCID: PMC10577864 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2021.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Cataract is the world's leading eye disease that causes blindness. The prevalence of cataract aged 40 years and older is approximately 11.8%-18.8%. Currently, surgery is the only way to treat cataracts. Main Text From early intracapsular cataract extraction to extracapsular cataract extraction, to current phacoemulsification cataract surgery, the incision ranges from 12 to 3 mm, and sometimes to even 1.8 mm or less, and the revolution in cataract surgery is ongoing. Cataract surgery has transformed from vision recovery to refractive surgery, leading to the era of refractive cataract surgery, and premium intraocular lenses (IOLs) such as toric IOLs, multifocal IOLs, and extended depth-of-focus IOLs are being increasingly used to meet the individual needs of patients. With its advantages of providing better visual acuity and causing fewer complications, phacoemulsification is currently the mainstream cataract surgery technique worldwide. However, patient expectations for the safety and accuracy of the operation are continually increasing. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has entered the public's field of vision. FLACS is a combination of new laser technology and artificial intelligence to replace fine manual clear corneal incision, capsulorhexis, and nuclear pre-fragmentation, providing new alternative technologies for patients and ophthalmologists. As FLACS matures, it is being increasingly applied in complex cases; however, some think it is not cost-effective. Although more than 26 million cataract surgeries are performed each year, there is still a gap in the prevalence of cataracts, especially in developing countries. Although cataract surgery is a nearly ideal procedure and complications are manageable, both patients and doctors dream of using drugs to cure cataracts. Is surgery really the only way to treat cataracts in the future? It has been verified by animal experiments that lanosterol therapy in rabbits and dogs could make cataract severity alleviated and lens transparency partially recovered. Although there is still much to learn about cataract reversal, this groundbreaking work provided a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of cataracts. Conclusions Although cataract surgery is nearly ideal, it is still insufficient, we expect the prospects for cataract drugs to be bright.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Jingjie Xu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu J, Wang H, Wu C, Wang A, Wu W, Xu J, Luo C, Ni S, Yao K, Chen X. Pathogenic mechanism of congenital cataract caused by the CRYBA1/A3-G91del variant and related intervention strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:44-52. [PMID: 34419537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cataracts, which are genetically heterogeneous eye disorders, lead to visual impairment in childhood. In our previous study, we identified a novel mutation in exon 4 of the CRYBA1/BA3 gene, which resulted in the deletion of a highly conserved glycine at codon 91 (G91del) and perinuclear zonular cataract. The G91del variant is one of the most frequent pathogenic mutations in CRYBA1/BA3; however, its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we purified βA3-crystallin and the βA3-G91del variant. βA3-G91del was prone to proteolysis and exhibited very low solubility and low structural stability. Next, we constructed a CRYBA1/BA3 mutant cell model and observed that G91del mutant proteins were more sensitive to environmental stress and prone to form aggregates. Size-exclusion chromatography and molecular dynamics simulation showed that the G91del mutation impaired the ability of βA3 to form homo-oligomers. In addition, the protein folding process of βA3-G91del was complicated and showed more intermediate states, resulting in amyloid fiber aggregation and induction of cellular apoptosis. Finally, we investigated intervention strategies for congenital cataract caused by the CRYBA1/A3-G91del variant. The addition of lanosterol reversed the negative effects of the G91del mutation under external stress. This study may help explore potential treatment strategies for related cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Huaxia Wang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Chengpeng Wu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenqi Luo
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shuang Ni
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 268 Kaixuan Road, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gasymov OK, Mammedzade AM, Bakhishova MJ, Guliyeva AJ, Ragona L, Molinari H. Sodium fusidate prevents protein aggregation of silk fibroin and offers new perspectives for human lens material disaggregation. Biophys Chem 2021; 279:106680. [PMID: 34537590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) is a non-pathological amyloidogenic protein prone, in solution, to the formation of amyloid-like aggregated species, displaying similarities in fibrillation kinetics with pathological amyloids, as widely reported in the literature. We show here, on the basis of different biophysical approaches (turbidity, Congo Red assays, CD, DLS and fluorescence), that fusidic acid (FA), a well-known antibiotic, acts on SF as an anti-aggregating agent in a dose-dependent manner, being also able to revert SF aggregation. FA binds to SF inducing changes in the environment of SF aromatic residues. We further provide the proof of principle that FA, already approved as drug on humans and used in ophthalmic preparations, displays its anti-aggregation properties also on lens material derived from cataract surgery and is capable of reducing aggregation. Thus it is suggested that FA can be foreseen as a therapeutic treatment for cataract and other protein aggregation disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oktay K Gasymov
- Institute of Biophysics of ANAS, 117 Z. Khalilov, AZ-1141 Baku, Azerbaijan.
| | - Aida M Mammedzade
- Institute of Biophysics of ANAS, 117 Z. Khalilov, AZ-1141 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Aytaj J Guliyeva
- Institute of Biophysics of ANAS, 117 Z. Khalilov, AZ-1141 Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), CNR, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC), CNR, via Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
King E, Aitchison E, Li H, Luo R. Recent Developments in Free Energy Calculations for Drug Discovery. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:712085. [PMID: 34458321 PMCID: PMC8387144 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.712085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The grand challenge in structure-based drug design is achieving accurate prediction of binding free energies. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations enable modeling of conformational changes critical to the binding process, leading to calculation of thermodynamic quantities involved in estimation of binding affinities. With recent advancements in computing capability and predictive accuracy, MD based virtual screening has progressed from the domain of theoretical attempts to real application in drug development. Approaches including the Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA), Linear Interaction Energy (LIE), and alchemical methods have been broadly applied to model molecular recognition for drug discovery and lead optimization. Here we review the varied methodology of these approaches, developments enhancing simulation efficiency and reliability, remaining challenges hindering predictive performance, and applications to problems in the fields of medicine and biochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward King
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erick Aitchison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Han Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ray Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhou H, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu S, Yang Z. Lanosterol reduces the aggregation propensity of ultraviolet-damaged human γD-crystallins: a molecular dynamics study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13696-13704. [PMID: 34128026 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced oxidation of tryptophan (Trp) to kynurenine (KN) (TRP > KN) in human γD-crystallins (HγD-Crys) promotes the conversion of proteins into partially unfolded species that act as important precursors for sequential large-scale aggregation. Herein, we report that lanosterol shows protective activity to the structure of the TRP > KN mutant HγD-Crys, particularly its N-terminal domain (N-td), by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The Trp68 > KN mutation significantly destabilizes the originally highly stable "Tyr55-Trp68-Tyr62" cluster, thereby causing loop2, where the mutation occurs, to become very flexible. The large fluctuation of loop2 induces cracks, which appear on the protein surface, resulting in the intrusion of water molecules into the hydrophobic core of the N-td. This event eventually triggers the unfolding of the N-td. However, lanosterol can suppress the large fluctuation of loop2 to protect the structural stability of the mutant N-td, thus reducing the aggregation propensity of the TRP > KN mutant HγD-Crys. This structure protective activity of lanosterol arises from its capability to preferentially bind to the hydrophobic regions near loop2. Thus, lanosterol acts as a "water blocker" to prevent the invasion of solvent molecules into the hydrophobic core. These findings provide some valuable insights into the development of potential lanosterol-based drugs for cataract prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Youyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Shengtang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zaixing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu J, Wang H, Wang A, Xu J, Fu C, Jia Z, Yao K, Chen X. βB2 W151R mutant is prone to degradation, aggregation and exposes the hydrophobic side chains in the fourth Greek Key motif. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:166018. [PMID: 33246011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies have established that congenital cataract is the major cause of blindness in children across the globe. The β-crystallin protein family is the richest and most soluble structural protein in the lens. Their solubility and stability are essential in maintaining lens transparency. In this study, we identified a novel βB2 mutation W151R in a rare progressive cortical congenital cataract family and explored its pathogenesis using purified protein and mutant related cataract-cell models. Due to its low solubility and poor structural stability, the βB2 W151R mutation was prone to aggregation. Moreover, the W151R mutation enhanced the exposure of the hydrophobic side chains in the fourth Greek Key motif, which were readily degraded by trypsin. However, upon the administration of lanosterol, the negative effect of the W151R mutation was reversed. Therefore, lanosterol is a potential therapeutic option for cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Huaxia Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Ailing Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chenxi Fu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhekun Jia
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Cataracts, the leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, arise from abnormal aggregation of lens proteins. According to the World Health Organization, cataracts cause more than 40% of blindness cases. As the population ages, the prevalence of cataracts will increase rapidly. Although cataract surgery is regarded as effective, it still suffers from complications and high cost, and could not meet the increasingly surgery demand. Therefore, pharmacological treatment for cataracts is a cheaper and more readily available option for patients, which is also a hot topic for years. Anti-cataract drug screening was previously mainly based on the specific pathogenic factors: oxidative stress, excess of quinoid substances, and aldose reductase (AR) activation. And several anti-cataract drugs have been applied in the clinic, while the effect is still unsatisfied. Makley and Zhao recently identified two kinds of novel pharmacological substances (25-hydroxycholesterol, lanosterol) that can reverse lens opacity by dissolving the aggregation of crystallin proteins, indicating that protein aggregation is not an endpoint and could be reversed with specific small-molecule drugs, significantly boosting the development of the cataract pharmacopeia and being regarded as a new dawn for cataract treatment. Our team built a novel optimized platform and had screened several potential therapeutic agents from a collection of lanosterol derivatives. In this review, we would mainly focus on the advancement of cataract pharmacotherapy based on the targets for anti-cataract drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zou X, Wang H, Zhou D, Liu Z, Wang Y, Deng G, Guan H. The Polymorphism rs2968 of LSS Gene Confers Susceptibility to Age-Related Cataract. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1970-1975. [PMID: 32877255 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research showed that lanosterol can decrease protein aggregation in lens and reduce cataract formation. Lanosterol synthase (LSS) and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) are the limiting enzymes in the process of synthesis of lanosterol. We demonstrate to investigate the association between functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LSS and HMGCR genes and age-related cataract (ARC) risks in Han Chinese population from Jiangsu Eye Study. This is a case-control study. We collected participants' venous blood for DNA genotyping and lens capsule samples for RNA. The SNPs of the genes were assayed with TaqMan RT-PCR genotyping. The quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the LSS mRNA levels of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in individuals. The chi-square test was used to compare differences between ARC groups and controls of each SNP and to calculate the odds ratio (OR). We found that LSS-rs2968 of ARCs was different from controls (p = 0.018), but the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.072). We then further performed stratification analysis and found that LSS-rs2968 A allele was associated with nuclear type of ARC risk in Chinese population (p = 0.012, OR = 0.68). Consequently, we found that the mRNA expression of LSS was lower in LECs of all subtypes of ARC group than that of control group (p < 0.05). LSS-rs2968 A allele might play a role in the formation and development of nuclear type of ARC risk in Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guohua Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nagai N, Umachi K, Otake H, Oka M, Hiramatsu N, Sasaki H, Yamamoto N. Ophthalmic In Situ Gelling System Containing Lanosterol Nanoparticles Delays Collapse of Lens Structure in Shumiya Cataract Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070629. [PMID: 32635523 PMCID: PMC7408553 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to prepare ophthalmic in situ gel formulations containing lanosterol (Lan) nanoparticles (LA-NPs/ISG) and investigated the characteristics, delivery pathway into the lens, and anti-cataract effects of LA-NPs/ISG using SCR-N (rats with slight lens structure collapse) and SCR-C (rats with a combination of remarkable lens structure collapse and opacification). LA-NPs/ISG was prepared by bead milling of the dispersions containing 0.5% Lan powder, 5% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, 0.5% methylcellulose, 0.005% benzalkonium chloride, and 0.5% mannitol. The particle size distribution of Lan was 60–250 nm. The LA-NPs/ISG was gelled at 37 °C, and the LA-NPs/ISG was taken into the cornea by energy-dependent endocytosis and then released to the intraocular side. In addition, the Lan contents in the lenses of both SCR-N and SCR-C were increased by the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG (twice per day). The space and structure collapse in the lens of SCR-N with aging was attenuated by the instillation of LA-NPs/ISG. Moreover, the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG attenuated the changes in cataract-related factors (the enhancement of nitric oxide levels, calpain activity, lipid peroxidation levels, Ca2+ contents, and the decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity) in the lenses of SCR-C, and the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG delayed the onset of opacification in the SCR-C. It is possible that the LA-NPs/ISG is useful in maintaining lens homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (K.U.); (H.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-3638
| | - Kazuki Umachi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (K.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (K.U.); (H.O.)
| | - Mikako Oka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan;
| | - Noriko Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Molecularbiology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Institute of Joint Research, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.); (N.Y.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (H.S.); (N.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pfalzer AC, Wages PA, Porter NA, Bowman AB. Striatal Cholesterol Precursors Are Altered with Age in Female Huntington's Disease Model Mice. J Huntingtons Dis 2020; 8:161-169. [PMID: 30958310 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-180321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol is necessary for proper neurodevelopment and neuronal health. The brain relies on neural and astrocytic de novo cholesterol synthesis. Huntington's disease presents with altered levels of cholesterol precursors however it is unknown when the disruption in this molecular pathway occurs and whether Manganese (Mn) may alter these metabolic alterations. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of Mn exposure on cholesterol biosynthesis in pre-manifest and manifest Huntington's disease mice. METHODS 12-week (pre-manifest) male and female and 42-week old (manifest) female YAC128 and littermate control (WT) mice received 3 subcutaneous Mn or vehicle injections. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the final injection and striatum, cerebral cortex and cerebellum were collected to measure cholesterol and cholesterol precursors using LC/MS-MS. RESULTS Striatal desmosterol and cholesterol are increased in pre-manifest HD females compared to age-matched WT female mice. Striatal lanosterol, 8-DHC and desmosterol and cholesterol are reduced in manifest HD females compared to age-and sex-matched WT mice with minimal effects in the cortex and cerebellum. Mn treatment had no effect in the pre-manifest or manifest female brain except reduced lanosterol levels in the cortex of pre-manifest female mice. Neither Mn or HD altered brain cholesterol precursor levels in the pre-manifest HD or WT male mouse. CONCLUSIONS Cholesterol biosynthesis is impaired in early disease stage in female HD mice only and continues throughout disease. These alterations appear largely striatal-specific. Acute systemic exposure to Mn did not significantly alter cholesterol biosynthesis in the striatum at any disease stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Pfalzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Phillip A Wages
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nagai N, Fukuoka Y, Sato K, Otake H, Taga A, Oka M, Hiramatsu N, Yamamoto N. The Intravitreal Injection of Lanosterol Nanoparticles Rescues Lens Structure Collapse at an Early Stage in Shumiya Cataract Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031048. [PMID: 32033321 PMCID: PMC7036956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed an intravitreal injection formulation containing lanosterol nanoparticles (LAN-NPs) via the bead mill method and evaluated the therapeutic effect of LAN-NPs on lens structure collapse and opacification using two rat cataract models (SCR-N, rats with slight lens structure collapse; SCR-C, rats with the combination of a remarkable lens structure collapse and opacification). The particle size of lanosterol in the LAN-NPs was around 50–400 nm. A single injection of LAN-NPs (0.5%) supplied lanosterol into the lens for 48 h, and no irritation or muddiness was observed following repeated injections of LAN-NPs for 6 weeks (once every 2 days). Moreover, LAN-NPs repaired the slight collapse of the lens structure in SCR-N. Although the remarkable changes in the lens structure of SCR-C were not repaired by LAN-NP, the onset of opacification was delayed. In addition, the increase of cataract-related factors (Ca2+ contents, nitric oxide levels, lipid peroxidation and calpain activity levels) in the lenses of SCR-C was attenuated by the repeated injection of LAN-NPs. It is possible that a deficiency of lanosterol promotes the production of oxidative stress. In conclusion, it is difficult to improve serious structural collapse with posterior movement of the lens nucleus with a supplement of lanosterol via LAN-NPs. However, the intravitreal injection of LAN-NPs was found to repair the space and structural collapse in the early stages in the lenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-4307-3638
| | - Yuya Fukuoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Kanta Sato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Atsushi Taga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (Y.F.); (K.S.); (H.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Mikako Oka
- Faculty of pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan;
| | - Noriko Hiramatsu
- Laboratory of Molecularbiology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Institute of Joint Research, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (N.H.); (N.Y.)
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecularbiology and Histochemistry, Fujita Health University Institute of Joint Research, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan; (N.H.); (N.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Age-related cataract occurs when crystallin proteins in the lens partially unfold and subsequently aggregate. Physicians and traditional healers alike have been exploring pharmacologic cataract treatment for hundreds of years. Currently, surgery is the only effective treatment. However, there are an abundance of homeopathic and alternative remedies that have been suggested as treatment for cataract. This article reviews the current understanding of cataract development and discusses several homeopathic remedies purported to treat age-related cataract. Additionally, we will present an overview of evidence regarding the development of pharmacologic cataract reversal therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Some homeopathic therapies have been shown to prevent cataract development in experimental models. More studies are required to elucidate the potential medicinal and toxic properties of the various alternative therapies. However, in recent years, scientists have begun to investigate substances that address cataract by reversing lens protein aggregation. One such compound, lanosterol, was reported to reverse cataract opacity in vitro and in animal models. Subsequently, 25-hydroxycholesterol and rosmarinic acid were identified as having similar properties. SUMMARY Although challenges and uncertainties remain, further research has the potential to lead to the development of a nonsurgical therapeutic option for age-related cataract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Lian
- Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Katyal N, Deep S. A computational approach to get insights into multiple faces of additives in modulation of protein aggregation pathways. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24269-24285. [PMID: 31670327 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03763b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An enormous population worldwide is presently confronted with debilitating neurodegenerative diseases. The etiology of the disease is connected to protein aggregation and the events involved therein. Thus, a complete understanding of an inhibitor at different stages in the process is imperative for the formulation of a drug molecule. This review presents a detailed summary of the current status of different cosolvents. It further develops how the complex aggregation pathway can be simplified into three steps common to all proteins and the way computer simulations can be exploited to gain insights into the ways by which known inhibitors can affect all these stages. Computation of theoretical parameters in this regard and their correlation with experimental techniques is accentuated. In addition to providing an outline of the scope of different additives, this review showcases the way by which the problem of analyzing an effect of an additive can be addressed effectively via MD simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Katyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, Delhi, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhou H, Yang Z, Tian X, Chen L, Lee S, Huynh T, Ge C, Zhou R. Lanosterol Disrupts the Aggregation of Amyloid-β Peptides. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4051-4060. [PMID: 31369236 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lanosterol, an amphipathic molecule, was discovered only very recently to effectively hinder the aggregation of lens proteins and dissolve the extremely stable fibrillar aggregates in cataracts. Here, we combined computational and experimental approaches to study how lanosterol disrupts the aggregation of another important peptide, amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, associated with the Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Molecular dynamics simulations using the core amyloidogenic segment (KLVFFA) of Aβ peptide revealed that lanosterol exhibits at least two types of inhibition mechanism on the self-assembly of Aβ peptides. First, lanosterol entangles with peptides and forms a hydrophobic core with residues Phe-19 and Phe-20 in particular. Second, it interferes with the steric zipper interaction at the β-sheet-β-sheet interface. These simulation data suggest that lanosterol induces the unfolding of the Aβ peptide and the separation of the β-sheet layers. This predicted inhibition effect of lanosterol was then confirmed by an in vitro ThT fluorescence assay and AFM imaging. The cell toxicity assay also showed that the treatment of lanosterol indeed mitigates the cytotoxicity of the Aβ peptide in PC-12 cells. Moreover, lanosterol shows a stronger suppression effect on Aβ peptides' aggregation than cholesterol because of its higher hydrophobicity. This result establishes a foundation for the development of lanosterol-based potential therapies for AD and other protein conformational diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Lei Chen
- East District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, China
| | - Sangyun Lee
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Tien Huynh
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
| | - Cuicui Ge
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York 10598, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Cataract, the clinical correlate of opacity or light scattering in the eye lens, is usually caused by the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) protein aggregates or disruption of the lens microarchitecture. In general, genes involved in inherited cataracts reflect important processes and pathways in the lens including lens crystallins, connexins, growth factors, membrane proteins, intermediate filament proteins, and chaperones. Usually, mutations causing severe damage to proteins cause congenital cataracts, while milder variants increasing susceptibility to environmental insults are associated with age-related cataracts. These may have different pathogenic mechanisms: Congenital cataracts induce the unfolded protein response and apoptosis. By contrast, denatured crystallins in age-related cataracts are bound by α-crystallin and form light-scattering HMW aggregates. New therapeutic approaches to age-related cataracts use chemical chaperones to solubilize HMW aggregates, while attempts are being made to regenerate lenses using endogenous stem cells to treat congenital cataracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA;
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1860, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hua H, Yang T, Huang L, Chen R, Li M, Zou Z, Wang N, Yang D, Liu Y. Protective Effects of Lanosterol Synthase Up-Regulation in UV-B-Induced Oxidative Stress. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:947. [PMID: 31555133 PMCID: PMC6726740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-B radiation may be an important risk factor in cataract etiology. After exposure to UV-B radiation, cells show imbalances in the repair of DNA damage, which induce changes in the levels of certain proteins, including alpha-crystallin, which is the most abundant protein in the lens and crucial for the maintenance of lens transparency. Lanosterol synthase (LSS), an essential rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, might play significant roles in oxidative stress and in the maintenance of lens transparency. However, the roles of LSS in UV-B-induced apoptosis are not well understood. Therefore, we irradiated female Sprague-Dawley rats with ultraviolet radiation to establish an animal model for exploring the variations in LSS expression during the early stages of UV-B exposure. In addition, we cultured human lens epithelial (HLE) cells that overexpress LSS and exposed them to UV-B radiation to explore the function of increased LSS expression in UV-B-induced apoptosis. The data demonstrated that UV-B exposure induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat lens epithelial cells and that irradiance exposure increased the level of lenticular damage. Additionally, UV-B exposure decreased the alpha-crystallin content and increased the expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 compared with the control levels. After exposure to UV-B, the apoptosis-related index of HLE cells overexpressing LSS was lower than that of the control cells. Furthermore, ROS overproduction might activate the sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) pathway, which induced protein expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBF2), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), and LSS. However, the specific mechanism of the Sirt1 pathway needed to be further studied. In summary, UV-B exposure induced oxidative injury and resulted in crystallin denaturation and apoptosis in lens epithelial cells, and LSS might play a protective role during the early stages of this process and could be an important target in the cataract prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianyao Yang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liting Huang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rentong Chen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Menglin Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zou
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mills-Henry IA, Thol SL, Kosinski-Collins MS, Serebryany E, King JA. Kinetic Stability of Long-Lived Human Lens γ-Crystallins and Their Isolated Double Greek Key Domains. Biophys J 2019; 117:269-280. [PMID: 31266635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-crystallins of the eye lens nucleus are among the longest-lived proteins in the human body. Synthesized in utero, they must remain folded and soluble throughout adulthood to maintain lens transparency and avoid cataracts. γD- and γS-crystallin are two major monomeric crystallins of the human lens. γD-crystallin is concentrated in the oldest lens fiber cells, the lens nucleus, whereas γS-crystallin is concentrated in the younger cells of the lens cortex. The kinetic stability parameters of these two-domain proteins and their isolated domains were determined and compared. Kinetic unfolding experiments monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy in varying concentrations of guanidinium chloride were used to extrapolate unfolding rate constants and half-lives of the crystallins in the absence of the denaturant. Consistent with their long lifespans in the lens, extrapolated half-lives for the initial unfolding step were on the timescale of years. Both proteins' isolated N-terminal domains were less kinetically stable than their respective C-terminal domains at denaturant concentrations predicted to disrupt the domain interface, but at low denaturant concentrations, the relative kinetic stabilities were reversed. Cataract-associated aggregation has been shown to proceed from partially unfolded intermediates in these proteins; their extreme kinetic stability likely evolved to protect the lens from the initiation of aggregation reactions. Our findings indicate that the domain interface is the source of significant kinetic stability. The gene duplication and fusion event that produced the modern two-domain architecture of vertebrate lens crystallins may be the origin of their high kinetic as well as thermodynamic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishara A Mills-Henry
- Department of Chemistry and Food Science, Framingham State University, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Eugene Serebryany
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Jonathan A King
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pei H, Ma X, Pan Y, Han T, Lu Z, Wu R, Cao X, Zheng J. Separation and purification of lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol, and cholesterol from lanolin by high‐performance counter‐current chromatography dual‐mode elution method. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2171-2178. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hairun Pei
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yan Pan
- Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tian Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zhifang Lu
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ruijuan Wu
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jimin Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology & Business University Beijing P. R. China
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a comprehensive summary of the latest evidence-based data on nutrients linked to the pathogenesis of cataract formation and progression. RECENT FINDINGS This summary of peer-reviewed publications emphasizes the ongoing effort to modulate the cataractogenous process through nutrition, and points at an only weak evidence for the contribution of a specific nutrient to this process. Although observational studies successfully demonstrated a positive correlation between specific nutrients intake and age-related cataract, such evidence was usually lacking in following interventional studies. Three metanalyses point towards a beneficial effect of high intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A on the risk of age-related cataract. New studies point at a protective effect of a high intake of vitamin K1 and vitamin D but negate the influence of Mediterranean diet or an overall high dairy consumption on the progression of cataract in a subgroup of patients. Sterols are candidate nutrients for future investigation. SUMMARY Nutrition rich in fruits and vegetables, and a high dietary intake of vitamins A, C, D, E and K1 may be inversely associated with the risk of age-related cataract. More studies involving patients in a wide range of nutritional status are required to establish the long-term benefit of nutritional supplements.
Collapse
|
38
|
Lanosterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol dissociate crystallin aggregates isolated from cataractous human lens via different mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:868-873. [PMID: 30392915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cataract, a crystallin aggregation disease, is the leading cause of human blindness worldwide. Surgery is the only established treatment of cataracts and no anti-cataract drugs are available thus far. Recently lanosterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol have been reported to redissolve crystallin aggregates and partially restore lens transparency in animals. However, the efficacies of these two compounds have not been quantitatively studied ex vivo using patient tissues. In this research, we developed a quantitative assay applicable to efficacy validations and mechanistic studies by a protocol to isolate protein aggregates from the surgically removed cataractous human lens. Our results showed that both compounds were effective for human cataractous samples with EC50 values at ten micromolar level. The efficacies of both compounds strongly depended on cataract severity. Lanosterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol were two mechanistically different lead compounds of anti-cataract drug design.
Collapse
|