1
|
Purwa M, Chandrakanth G, Rana A, Mottafegh A, Kumar S, Kim DP, Singh AK. Auto-Optimized Electro-Flow Reactor Platform for the in-situ Reduction of P(V) Oxide to P(III) and Their Application. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400438. [PMID: 38923297 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Trivalent phosphine catalysis is mostly utilized to activate the carbon-carbon multiple bonds to form carbanion intermediate species and is highly sensitive to certain variables. Random manual multi-variables are critical for understanding the batch disabled regeneration of trivalent phosphine chemistry. We need the artificial intelligence-based system which can change the variable based on previously conducted failed experiment. Herein, we report an auto-optimized electro-micro-flow reactor platform for the in-situ reduction of stable P(V) oxide to sensitive P(III) and further utilized the method for Corey-Fuchs reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Purwa
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaykwad Chandrakanth
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Abhilash Rana
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amirreza Mottafegh
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajay K Singh
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uehara D, Adachi S, Tsubouchi A, Okada Y, Zhdankin VV, Yoshimura A, Saito A. Peptide coupling using recyclable bicyclic benziodazolone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:956-959. [PMID: 38131348 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a greener peptide coupling using bicyclic benziodazolone and triarylphosphine as coupling reagents. Bicyclic benziodazolone also works as a base and can be recovered as the corresponding iodine(I) compound after use, which can be converted to the original iodine(III) reagent by electrolytic oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Uehara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Sota Adachi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akira Tsubouchi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Akira Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kobata, Aomori 030-0943, Japan
| | - Akio Saito
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rossino G, Marchese E, Galli G, Verde F, Finizio M, Serra M, Linciano P, Collina S. Peptides as Therapeutic Agents: Challenges and Opportunities in the Green Transition Era. Molecules 2023; 28:7165. [PMID: 37894644 PMCID: PMC10609221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are at the cutting edge of contemporary research for new potent, selective, and safe therapeutical agents. Their rise has reshaped the pharmaceutical landscape, providing solutions to challenges that traditional small molecules often cannot address. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, and many others are advancing in clinical trials, covering multiple therapeutic areas. As the demand for peptide-based therapies grows, so does the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. Traditional peptide synthesis, while effective, often involves environmentally draining processes, generating significant waste and consuming vast resources. The integration of green chemistry offers sustainable alternatives, prioritizing eco-friendly processes, waste reduction, and energy conservation. This review delves into the transformative potential of applying green chemistry principles to peptide synthesis by discussing relevant examples of the application of such approaches to the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with a peptide structure and how these efforts are critical for an effective green transition era in the pharmaceutical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesca Verde
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Matteo Finizio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin K, Wei M, Wang Z, Luo W, Li L. Tertiary Amine-Mediated Reductions of Phosphine Oxides to Phosphines. Org Lett 2023; 25:5236-5241. [PMID: 37428151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of phosphine oxides without the use of highly reactive reductants represents a safer and more sustainable solution for recycling of organophosphorus compounds. Herein, we disclose an N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA)-mediated reduction via an unusual intermolecular hydride transfer. Mechanistic studies suggest that TMEDA serves as a hydride donor, while the P(V) halophosphonium salt acts as the hydride acceptor. This methodology provides a scalable and efficient protocol to reduce phosphine oxides under mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keshu Yin
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, P. R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Luo
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Le Li
- PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han J, Haines CA, Piane JJ, Filien LL, Nacsa ED. An Electrochemical Design for Catalytic Dehydration: Direct, Room-Temperature Esterification without Acid or Base Additives. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37436909 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical approach has been leveraged to underpin a new conceptual platform for dehydration reactions, which has been demonstrated in the context of esterification. Esters were prepared from the corresponding acid and alcohol partners at room temperature without acid or base additives and without consuming stoichiometric reagents. This methodology therefore addresses key complications that plague esterification and dehydration reactions more broadly and that represent a leading challenge in synthetic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Christopher A Haines
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Jacob J Piane
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Leila L Filien
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Eric D Nacsa
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xue J, Zhang YS, Huan Z, Yang JD, Cheng JP. Deoxygenation of Phosphine Oxides by P III/P V═O Redox Catalysis via Successive Isodesmic Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37410888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Deoxygenation of phosphine oxides is of great significance to synthesis of phosphorus ligands and relevant catalysts, as well as to the sustainability of phosphorus chemistry. However, the thermodynamic inertness of P═O bonds poses a severe challenge to their reduction. Previous approaches in this regard rely primarily on a type of P═O bond activation with either Lewis/Brønsted acids or stoichiometric halogenating reagents under harsh conditions. Here, we wish to report a novel catalytic strategy for facile and efficient deoxygenation of phosphine oxides via successive isodesmic reactions, whose thermodynamic driving force for breaking the strong P═O bond was compensated by a synchronous formation of another P═O bond. The reaction was enabled by PIII/P═O redox sequences with the cyclic organophosphorus catalyst and terminal reductant PhSiH3. This catalytic reaction avoids the use of the stoichiometric activator as in other cases and features a broad substrate scope, excellent reactivities, and mild reaction conditions. Preliminary thermodynamic and mechanistic investigations disclosed a dual synergistic role of the catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xue
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Shan Zhang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Huan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Dong Yang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Melville J, Licini AJ, Surendranath Y. Electrolytic Synthesis of White Phosphorus Is Promoted in Oxide-Deficient Molten Salts. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:373-380. [PMID: 36968533 PMCID: PMC10037495 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Elemental white phosphorus (P4) is a key feedstock for the entire phosphorus-derived chemicals industry, spanning everything from herbicides to food additives. The electrochemical reduction of phosphate salts could enable the sustainable production of P4; however, such electrosynthesis requires the cleavage of strong, inert P-O bonds. By analogy to the promotion of bond activation in aqueous electrolytes with high proton activity (Brønsted-Lowry acidity), we show that low oxide anion activity (Lux-Flood acidity) enhances P-O bond activation in molten salt electrolytes. We develop electroanalytical tools to quantify the oxide dependence of phosphate reduction, and find that Lux acidic phosphoryl anhydride linkages enable selective, high-efficiency electrosynthesis of P4 at a yield of 95% Faradaic efficiency. These fundamental studies provide a foundation that may enable the development of low-carbon alternatives to legacy carbothermal synthesis of P4.
Collapse
|
8
|
Xiao J, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Han LB. Reduction of Triphenylphosphine Oxide to Triphenylphosphine by Phosphonic Acid. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3909-3915. [PMID: 36857492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the iodine-mediated reduction of phosphine oxides (sulfides) to phosphines using phosphonic acid under solvent-free conditions is described. By using a combination of H3PO3 and I2, both tertiary monophosphine oxides and bis-phosphine oxides were reduced under this system, readily producing monodentate and bidentate phosphines, respectively, in good yields. Notably, chiral (R)-(+)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl dioxide could be also tolerated without racemization. This new approach is inexpensive and features simple conditions and a wide substrate scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Company, Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang 312369, China
| | - Jianqiu Zhang
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Company, Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang 312369, China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- Zhejiang Yangfan New Materials Company, Ltd., Shangyu, Zhejiang 312369, China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Advanced Materials in Tropical Island Resources, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Hainan Provincial Fine Chemical Engineering Research Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Villo P, Shatskiy A, Kärkäs MD, Lundberg H. Electrosynthetic C-O Bond Activation in Alcohols and Alcohol Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211952. [PMID: 36278406 PMCID: PMC10107720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohols and their derivatives are ubiquitous and versatile motifs in organic synthesis. Deoxygenative transformations of these compounds are often challenging due to the thermodynamic penalty associated with the cleavage of the C-O bond. However, electrochemically driven redox events have been shown to facilitate the C-O bond cleavage in alcohols and their derivatives either through direct electron transfer or through the use of electron transfer mediators and electroactive catalysts. Herein, a comprehensive overview of preparative electrochemically mediated protocols for C-O bond activation and functionalization is detailed, including direct and indirect electrosynthetic methods, as well as photoelectrochemical strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piret Villo
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| | - Helena Lundberg
- Department of ChemistryKTH Royal Institute of TechnologySE-100 44StockholmSweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pei M, Tian A, Yang Q, Huang N, Wang L, Li D. Organophosphorus catalytic reaction based on reduction of phosphine oxide. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
11
|
Großmann LM, Beier V, Duttenhofer L, Lennartz L, Opatz T. An Iodide-Mediated Anodic Amide Coupling. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201768. [PMID: 35835720 PMCID: PMC9804404 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of amide bonds, present in natural products and common pharmaceuticals renders this functional group one of the most prevalent in organic chemistry. Despite its importance and a wide variety of existing methods for its formation, the latter still can be a challenge for classical activating reagents such as chloridating agents or carbodiimides. As the spent reagents often cannot be recycled, the development of more sustainable methods is highly desirable. Herein, we report an operationally simple and mild indirect electrochemical protocol to effect the condensation of carboxylic acids with amines, forming a wide variety of carboxamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marius Großmann
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Vera Beier
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Lea Duttenhofer
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Laura Lennartz
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chakraborty B, Rajput A, Soni M. Electroreduction: A sustainable and less energy‐intensive approach compared to chemical reduction for phosphine oxide recycling to phosphine. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Department of Chemistry Hauz Khas 110016 New Delhi INDIA
| | - Anubha Rajput
- IIT Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Department of Chemistry Hauz Khas 110016 INDIA
| | - Monika Soni
- IIT Delhi: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Department of Chemistry Hauz Khas 110016 Delhi INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mackay AS, Payne RJ, Malins LR. Electrochemistry for the Chemoselective Modification of Peptides and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23-41. [PMID: 34968405 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although electrochemical strategies for small-molecule synthesis are flourishing, this technology has yet to be fully exploited for the mild and chemoselective modification of peptides and proteins. With the growing number of diverse peptide natural products being identified and the emergence of modified proteins as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, methods for electrochemical modification stand as alluring prospects for harnessing the reactivity of polypeptides to build molecular complexity. As a mild and inherently tunable reaction platform, electrochemistry is arguably well-suited to overcome the chemo- and regioselectivity issues which limit existing bioconjugation strategies. This Perspective will showcase recently developed electrochemical approaches to peptide and protein modification. The article also highlights the wealth of untapped opportunities for the production of homogeneously modified biomolecules, with an eye toward realizing the enormous potential of electrochemistry for chemoselective bioconjugation chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angus S Mackay
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lara R Malins
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nagahara S, Okada Y, Kitano Y, Chiba K. Biphasic electrochemical peptide synthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12911-12917. [PMID: 34745521 PMCID: PMC8513919 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The large amount of waste derived from coupling reagents is a serious drawback of peptide synthesis from a green chemistry viewpoint. To overcome this issue, we report an electrochemical peptide synthesis in a biphasic system. Anodic oxidation of triphenylphosphine (Ph3P) generates a phosphine radical cation, which serves as the coupling reagent to activate carboxylic acids, and produces triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3P
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
O) as a stoichiometric byproduct. In combination with a soluble tag-assisted liquid-phase peptide synthesis, the selective recovery of desired peptides and Ph3PO was achieved. Given that methods to reduce Ph3PO to Ph3P have been reported, Ph3PO could be a recyclable byproduct unlike byproducts from typical coupling reagents. Moreover, a commercial peptide active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), leuprorelin, was successfully synthesized without the use of traditional coupling reagents. The large amount of waste derived from coupling reagents is a serious drawback of peptide synthesis from a green chemistry viewpoint.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nagahara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8- Saiwai-cho Fuchu Tokyo 183-8509 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dhara D, Pal PK, Dolai R, Chrysochos N, Rawat H, Elvers BJ, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Schulzke C, Chandrasekhar V, Priyakumar UD, Jana A. Synthesis and reactivity of NHC-coordinated phosphinidene oxide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9546-9549. [PMID: 34546278 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04421d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilised phosphinidene oxide by the controlled oxygenation of a phosphinidene under ambient conditions. This compound can be further oxygenated to a phosphinidene dioxide. The stoichiometric reduction of a phosphinidene oxide with KC8 resembles the pinacol coupling reaction-the reduction of a carbonyl compound. We also looked at the stoichiometric oxidation of NHC-coordinated phosphinidene, phosphinidene oxide and phosphinidene dioxide with [NO][SbF6].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dhara
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500032, India.
| | - Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Hemant Rawat
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Benedict J Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17489, Germany.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208016, India
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology, Gachibowli, Hyderabad-500032, India.
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma D, Balasubramaniam S, Kumar S, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Reversing Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8889-8892. [PMID: 34378571 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03038h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the boundaries between the neutral and cationic models of (Mesityl)2EX (E = Sb, Bi and X = Cl-, OTf-) have facilitated reversing the Lewis acidity from bismuth to antimony. We use this concept to demonstrate a higher efficiency of (Mesityl)2SbOTf over (Mesityl)2BiOTf in the catalytic reduction of phosphine oxides to phosphines. The experiments supported with computations described herein will find use in designing new Lewis acids relevant to catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Selvakumar Balasubramaniam
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Eluvathingal D Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tarlton ML, Fajen OJ, Kelley SP, Kerridge A, Malcomson T, Morrison TL, Shores MP, Xhani X, Walensky JR. Systematic Investigation of the Molecular and Electronic Structure of Thorium and Uranium Phosphorus and Arsenic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10614-10630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Tarlton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - O. Jonathan Fajen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven P. Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Andrew Kerridge
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K
| | - Thomas L. Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Matthew P. Shores
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, Colorado, United States
| | - Xhensila Xhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| | - Justin R. Walensky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 601 S. College Avenue, Columbia 65211, Missouri, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu T, Moeller KD. Organic Electrochemistry: Expanding the Scope of Paired Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| | - Kevin D. Moeller
- Department of Chemistry Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu T, Moeller KD. Organic Electrochemistry: Expanding the Scope of Paired Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12883-12890. [PMID: 33768678 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Paired electrochemical reactions allow the optimization of both atom and energy economy of oxidation and reduction reactions. While many paired electrochemical reactions take advantage of perfectly matched reactions at the anode and cathode, this matching of substrates is not necessary. In constant current electrolysis, the potential at both electrodes adjusts to the substrates in solution. In principle, any oxidation reaction can be paired with any reduction reaction. Various oxidation reactions conducted on the anodic side of the electrolysis were paired with the generation and use of hydrogen gas at the cathode, showing the generality of the anodic process in a paired electrolysis and how the auxiliary reaction required for the oxidation could be used to generate a substrate for a non-electrolysis reaction. This is combined with variations on the cathodic side of the electrolysis to complete the picture and illustrate how oxidation and reduction reactions can be combined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiandi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Kevin D Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Deeba R, Molton F, Chardon-Noblat S, Costentin C. Effective Homogeneous Catalysis of Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrous Oxide to Dinitrogen at Rhenium Carbonyl Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Deeba
- DCM, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Florian Molton
- DCM, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Cyrille Costentin
- DCM, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu C, Ang NWJ, Meyer TH, Qiu Y, Ackermann L. Organic Electrochemistry: Molecular Syntheses with Potential. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:415-431. [PMID: 33791425 PMCID: PMC8006177 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and selective molecular syntheses are paramount to inter alia biomolecular chemistry and material sciences as well as for practitioners in chemical, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Organic electrosynthesis has undergone a considerable renaissance and has thus in recent years emerged as an increasingly viable platform for the sustainable molecular assembly. In stark contrast to early strategies by innate reactivity, electrochemistry was recently merged with modern concepts of organic synthesis, such as transition-metal-catalyzed transformations for inter alia C-H functionalization and asymmetric catalysis. Herein, we highlight the unique potential of organic electrosynthesis for sustainable synthesis and catalysis, showcasing key aspects of exceptional selectivities, the synergism with photocatalysis, or dual electrocatalysis, and novel mechanisms in metallaelectrocatalysis until February of 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiju Zhu
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nate W. J. Ang
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tjark H. Meyer
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Woehler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Youai Qiu
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Woehler
Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kapuśniak Ł, Plessow PN, Trzybiński D, Woźniak K, Hofmann P, Jolly PI. A Mild One-Pot Reduction of Phosphine(V) Oxides Affording Phosphines(III) and Their Metal Catalysts. Organometallics 2021; 40:693-701. [PMID: 33867621 PMCID: PMC8043083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The metal-free reduction
of a range of phosphine(V) oxides employing
oxalyl chloride as an activating agent and hexachlorodisilane as reducing
reagent has been achieved under mild reaction conditions. The method
was successfully applied to the reduction of industrial waste byproduct
triphenylphosphine(V) oxide, closing the phosphorus cycle to cleanly
regenerate triphenylphosphine(III). Mechanistic studies and quantum
chemical calculations support the attack of the dissociated chloride
anion of intermediated phosphonium salt at the silicon of the disilane
as the rate-limiting step for deprotection. The exquisite purity of
the resultant phosphine(III) ligands after the simple removal of volatiles
under reduced pressure circumvents laborious purification prior to
metalation and has permitted the facile formation of important transition
metal catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kapuśniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Philipp N Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Phillip Iain Jolly
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury Street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lipshultz JM, Li G, Radosevich AT. Main Group Redox Catalysis of Organopnictogens: Vertical Periodic Trends and Emerging Opportunities in Group 15. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1699-1721. [PMID: 33464903 PMCID: PMC7934640 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of organopnictogen redox catalytic methods have emerged-especially within the past 10 years-that leverage the plentiful reversible two-electron redox chemistry within Group 15. The goal of this Perspective is to provide readers the context to understand the dramatic developments in organopnictogen catalysis over the past decade with an eye toward future development. An exposition of the fundamental differences in the atomic structure and bonding of the pnictogens, and thus the molecular electronic structure of organopnictogen compounds, is presented to establish the backdrop against which organopnictogen redox reactivity-and ultimately catalysis-is framed. A deep appreciation of these underlying periodic principles informs an understanding of the differing modes of organopnictogen redox catalysis and evokes the key challenges to the field moving forward. We close by addressing forward-looking directions likely to animate this area in the years to come. What new catalytic manifolds can be developed through creative catalyst and reaction design that take advantage of the intrinsic redox reactivity of the pnictogens to drive new discoveries in catalysis?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Lipshultz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander T Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Jupp AR, Beijer S, Narain GC, Schipper W, Slootweg JC. Phosphorus recovery and recycling – closing the loop. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:87-101. [PMID: 33210686 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The natural phosphorus cycle has been disrupted by human activity, which necessitates the development of new methods for the sustainable production of phosphorus compounds, and efficient recovery and recycling schemes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Jupp
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1090 GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry
| | - Steven Beijer
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1090 GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Ganesha C. Narain
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1090 GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | | | - J. Chris Slootweg
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- University of Amsterdam
- 1090 GD Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Edler von Zander R, Saalfrank P. On the Borate-Catalyzed Electrochemical Reduction of Phosphine Oxide: A Computational Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10239-10245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Edler von Zander
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, Golm D-14476, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Universität Potsdam, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, Golm D-14476, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu J, Lu L, Wood D, Lin S. New Redox Strategies in Organic Synthesis by Means of Electrochemistry and Photochemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1317-1340. [PMID: 32875074 PMCID: PMC7453421 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
As the breadth of radical chemistry grows, new means to promote and regulate single-electron redox activities play increasingly important roles in driving modern synthetic innovation. In this regard, photochemistry and electrochemistry-both considered as niche fields for decades-have seen an explosive renewal of interest in recent years and gradually have become a cornerstone of organic chemistry. In this Outlook article, we examine the current state-of-the-art in the areas of electrochemistry and photochemistry, as well as the nascent area of electrophotochemistry. These techniques employ external stimuli to activate organic molecules and imbue privileged control of reaction progress and selectivity that is challenging to traditional chemical methods. Thus, they provide alternative entries to known and new reactive intermediates and enable distinct synthetic strategies that were previously unimaginable. Of the many hallmarks, electro- and photochemistry are often classified as "green" technologies, promoting organic reactions under mild conditions without the necessity for potent and wasteful oxidants and reductants. This Outlook reviews the most recent growth of these fields with special emphasis on conceptual advances that have given rise to enhanced accessibility to the tools of the modern chemical trade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chakraborty B, Kostenko A, Menezes PW, Driess M. A Systems Approach to a One-Pot Electrochemical Wittig Olefination Avoiding the Use of Chemical Reductant or Sacrificial Electrode. Chemistry 2020; 26:11829-11834. [PMID: 32259335 PMCID: PMC7540293 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented one‐pot fully electrochemically driven Wittig olefination reaction system without employing a chemical reductant or sacrificial electrode material to regenerate triphenylphosphine (TPP) from triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and base‐free in situ formation of Wittig ylides, is reported. Starting from TPPO, the initial step of the phosphoryl P=O bond activation proceeds through alkylation with RX (R=Me, Et; X=OSO2CF3 (OTf)), affording the corresponding [Ph3POR]+X− salts which undergo efficient electroreduction to TPP in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of the Sc(OTf)3 Lewis acid on a Ag‐electrode. Subsequent alkylation of TPP affords Ph3PR+ which enables a facile and efficient electrochemical in situ formation of the corresponding Wittig ylide under base‐free condition and their direct use for the olefination of various carbonyl compounds. The mechanism and, in particular, the intriguing role of Sc3+ as mediator in the TPPO electroreduction been uncovered by density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chakraborty B, Menezes PW, Driess M. Beyond CO2 Reduction: Vistas on Electrochemical Reduction of Heavy Non-metal Oxides with Very Strong E—O Bonds (E = Si, P, S). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14772-14788. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17 Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Geeson M, Cummins CC. Let's Make White Phosphorus Obsolete. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:848-860. [PMID: 32607432 PMCID: PMC7318074 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Industrial and laboratory methods for incorporating phosphorus atoms into molecules within the framework of Green Chemistry are in their infancy. Current practice requires large inputs of energy, involves toxic intermediates, and generates substantial waste. Furthermore, a negligible fraction of phosphorus-containing waste is recycled which in turn contributes to negative environmental impacts, such as eutrophication. Methods that begin to address some of these drawbacks are reviewed, and some key opportunities to be realized by pursuing organophosphorus chemistry under the principles of Green Chemistry are highlighted. Methods used by nature, or in the chemistry of other elements such as silicon, are discussed as model processes for the future of phosphorus in chemical synthesis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Manabe S, Wong CM, Sevov CS. Direct and Scalable Electroreduction of Triphenylphosphine Oxide to Triphenylphosphine. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3024-3031. [PMID: 31948233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Manabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Curt M. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christo S. Sevov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 151 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Convergent Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans via Catalytic Phosphine Mediated Multicomponent Reactions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244595. [PMID: 31888142 PMCID: PMC6943692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tri- or tetrasubstituted furans have been prepared from terminal activated olefins and acyl chlorides or anhydrides by a multicomponental convergent synthesis mode. Instead of stoichiometric nBu3P, only catalytic nBu3P or nBu3P=O is needed to furnish the furans in modest to excellent yields with a good functional group tolerance under the aid of reducing agent silane. This synthetic method features a silane-driven catalytic intramolecular Wittig reaction as a key annulation step and represents the first successful application of catalytic Wittig reaction in multicomponent cascade reaction.
Collapse
|