1
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Garwood JJA, Chen AD, Nagib DA. Radical Polarity. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39363280 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
The polarity of a radical intermediate profoundly impacts its reactivity and selectivity. To quantify this influence and predict its effects, the electrophilicity/nucleophilicity of >500 radicals has been calculated. This database of open-shell species entails frequently encountered synthetic intermediates, including radicals centered at sp3, sp2, and sp hybridized carbon atoms or various heteroatoms (O, N, S, P, B, Si, X). Importantly, these computationally determined polarities have been experimentally validated for electronically diverse sets of >50 C-centered radicals, as well as N- and O- centered radicals. High correlations are measured between calculated polarity and quantified reactivity, as well as within parallel sets of competition experiments (across different radical types and reaction classes). These multipronged analyses show a strong relationship between the computed electrophilicity, ω, of a radical and its relative reactivity (krel vs Δω slopes up to 40; showing mere Δω of 0.1 eV affords up to 4-fold rate enhancement). We expect this experimentally validated database will enable reactivity and selectivity prediction (by harnessing polarity-matched rate enhancement) and assist with troubleshooting in synthetic reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J A Garwood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andrew D Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Gorelik DJ, Desai SP, Jdanova S, Turner JA, Taylor MS. Transformations of carbohydrate derivatives enabled by photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1204-1236. [PMID: 38274059 PMCID: PMC10806712 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05400d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article highlights the diverse ways in which recent developments in the areas of photocatalysis and visible light photochemistry are impacting synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The major topics covered are photocatalytic glycosylations, generation of radicals at the anomeric position, transformations involving radical formation at non-anomeric positions, additions to glycals, processes initiated by photocatalytic hydrogen atom transfer from sugars, and functional group interconversions at OH and SH groups. Factors influencing stereo- and site-selectivity in these processes, along with mechanistic aspects, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Gorelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Shrey P Desai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Sofia Jdanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Julia A Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - Mark S Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada
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3
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Hwang Y, Wisniewski SR, Engle KM. Ligand-Enabled Carboamidation of Unactivated Alkenes through Enhanced Organonickel Electrophilicity. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25293-25303. [PMID: 37938051 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic carboamination of alkenes is a powerful synthetic tool to access valuable amine scaffolds from abundant and readily available alkenes. Although a number of synthetic approaches have been developed to achieve the rapid buildup of molecular complexity in this realm, the installation of diverse carbon and nitrogen functionalities onto unactivated alkenes remains underdeveloped. Here we present a ligand design approach to enable nickel-catalyzed three-component carboamidation that is applicable to a wide range of alkenyl amine derivatives via a tandem process involving alkyl migratory insertion and inner-sphere metal-nitrenoid transfer. With this method, various nitrogen functionalities can be installed into both internal and terminal unactivated alkenes, leading to differentially substituted diamines that would otherwise be difficult to access. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the tailored Ni(cod)(BQiPr) precatalyst modulates the electronic properties of the presumed π-alkene-nickel intermediate via the quinone ligand, leading to enhanced carbonickelation efficiency across the unactivated C═C bond. These findings establish nickel's ability to catalyze multicomponent carboamidation with a high efficiency and exquisite selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongyu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Steven R Wisniewski
- Chemical Process Development Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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4
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Paulus F, Stein C, Heusel C, Stoffels TJ, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Three-Component Photochemical 1,2,5-Trifunctionalizations of Alkenes toward Densely Functionalized Lynchpins. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23814-23823. [PMID: 37852246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Radical remote 1,n-difunctionalization reactions (n > 2) of alkenes are powerful tools to efficiently introduce functional groups with selected distances into target molecules. Among these reactions, 1,5-difunctionalizations are an important subclass, leading to sought-after scaffolds, but typically suffer from tailored starting materials and strict limitations for the formed functional group in 2-position. Seeking to address these issues and to make radical 1,5-difunctionalizations of alkenes more applicable, we report a novel three-component 1,2,5-trifunctionalization reaction between imine-based bifunctional reagents and two distinct alkenes, driven by visible light energy transfer-catalysis. Key to achieving this selective one-step installation of three different functional groups via the choreographed formation of four bonds was the utilization of a 1,2-boron shift and the rigorous capitalization of radical polarities and stabilities. Thorough mechanistic studies were carried out, and the synthetic utility of the obtained products was demonstrated by various downstream modifications. Notably, in addition to the functionalization of individual functional groups, their interplay gave rise to a unique array of cyclic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Colin Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Corinna Heusel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias J Stoffels
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Wang R, Wang C. Asymmetric imino-acylation of alkenes enabled by HAT-photo/nickel cocatalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6449-6456. [PMID: 37325152 PMCID: PMC10266448 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01945d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
By merging nickel-mediated facially selective aza-Heck cyclization and radical acyl C-H activation promoted by tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) photocatalyst, we accomplish an asymmetric imino-acylation of oxime ester-tethered alkenes with readily available aldehydes as the acyl source, enabling the synthesis of highly enantioenriched pyrrolines bearing an acyl-substituted stereogenic center under mild conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies support a Ni(i)/Ni(ii)/Ni(iii) catalytic sequence involving the intramolecular migratory insertion of a tethered olefinic unit into the Ni(iii)-N bond as the enantiodiscriminating step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
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6
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Holst DE, Dorval C, Winter CK, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Regiospecific Alkene Aminofunctionalization via an Electrogenerated Dielectrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Modular strategies to rapidly increase molecular complexity have proven immensely synthetically valuable. In principle, transformation of an alkene into a dielectrophile presents an opportunity to deliver two unique nucleophiles across an alkene. Unfortunately, the selectivity profiles of known dielectrophiles have largely precluded this deceptively simple synthetic approach. Herein, we demonstrate that dicationic adducts generated through electrolysis of alkenes and thianthrene possess a unique selectivity profile relative to more conventional dielectrophiles. Specifically, these species undergo a single and perfectly regioselective substitution reaction with phthalimide salts. This observation unlocks an appealing new platform for aminofunctionalization reactions. As an illustrative example, we implement this new reactivity paradigm to address a longstanding synthetic challenge: alkene diamination with two distinct nitrogen nucleophiles. Studies into the mechanism of this process reveal a key alkenyl thianthrenium salt intermediate that controls the exquisite regioselectivity of the process and highlight the importance of proton sources in controlling the reactivity of alkenyl sulfonium salt electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Céline Dorval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Casey K Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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7
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Pozhydaiev V, Vayer M, Fave C, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Synthesis of Unprotected β-Arylethylamines by Iron(II)-Catalyzed 1,2-Aminoarylation of Alkenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215257. [PMID: 36541580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Arylethylamines are prevalent structural motifs in molecules exhibiting biological activity. Here we report a sequential one-pot protocol for the 1,2-aminoarylation of alkenes with hydroxylammonium triflate salts and (hetero)arenes. Unlike existing methods, this reaction provides a direct entry to unprotected β-arylethylamines with remarkable functional group tolerance, allowing key drug-oriented functional groups to be installed in a two-step process. The use of hexafluoroisopropanol as a solvent in combination with an iron(II) catalyst proved essential to reaching high-value nitrogen-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Fave
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Tan G, Paulus F, Rentería-Gómez Á, Lalisse RF, Daniliuc CG, Gutierrez O, Glorius F. Highly Selective Radical Relay 1,4-Oxyimination of Two Electronically Differentiated Olefins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21664-21673. [PMID: 36383483 PMCID: PMC10242452 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Radical addition reactions of olefins have emerged as an attractive tool for the rapid assembly of complex structures, and have plentiful applications in organic synthesis, however, such reactions are often limited to polymerization or 1,2-difunctionalization. Herein, we disclose an unprecedented radical relay 1,4-oxyimination of two electronically differentiated olefins with a class of bifunctional oxime carbonate reagents via an energy transfer strategy. The protocol is highly chemo- and regioselective, and three different chemical bonds (C-O, C-C, and C-N bonds) were formed in a single operation in an orchestrated manner. Notably, this reaction provides rapid access to a large variety of structurally diverse 1,4-oxyimination products, and the obtained products could be easily converted into valuable biologically relevant δ-hydroxyl-α-amino acids. With a combination of experimental and theoretical methods, the mechanism for this 1,4-oxyimination reaction has been investigated. Theoretical calculations reveal that a radical chain mechanism might operate in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Tan
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ángel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany
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9
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Zhou T, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang H, Yan Q, Wang W, Chen F. Visible-Light-Promoted Xanthate-Transfer Cyclization Reactions of Unactivated Olefins under Photocatalyst- and Additive-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15582-15597. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Hang Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Qiongjiao Yan
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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10
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Ito Y, Mizuno K, Sumise S, Kimura A, Noguchi N, Fuchi Y, Hari Y. Generation of 4'-Carbon Radicals via 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer for the Synthesis of Bridged Nucleosides. Org Lett 2022; 24:7696-7700. [PMID: 36214750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and facile generation of 4'-carbon radicals from oxime imidates of nucleosides via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer induced by iminyl radicals was developed. The cyclization of 4'-carbon radicals with olefins, followed by the hydrolysis of imidate residues, provided various 2'-O,4'-C- and 3'-O,4'-C-bridged nucleosides. This operationally simple approach can be applied to the few-step syntheses of 6'S-methyl-2'-O,4'-C-ethylene-bridged 5-methyluridine (6'S-Me-ENA-T) and S-constrained ethyl-bridged 5-methyluridine (S-cEt-T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ito
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Mizuno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Sanae Sumise
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Airi Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Nozomi Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Fuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Nishihama, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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11
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Luo MJ, Xiao Q, Li JH. Electro-/photocatalytic alkene-derived radical cation chemistry: recent advances in synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7206-7237. [PMID: 35880555 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00013j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkene-derived radical cations are versatile reactive intermediates and have been widely applied in the construction of complex functionalized molecules and cyclic systems for chemical synthesis. Therefore, the synthetic application of these alkene-derived radical cations represents a powerful and green tool that can be used to achieve the functionalization of alkenes partially because the necessity of stoichiometric external chemical oxidants and/or hazardous reaction conditions is eliminated. This review summarizes the recent advances in the synthetic applications of the electro-/photochemical alkene-derived radical cations, emphasizing the key single-electron oxidation steps of the alkenes, the scope and limitations of the substrates, and the related reaction mechanisms. Using electrocatalysis and/or photocatalysis, single electron transfer (SET) oxidation of the CC bonds in the alkenes occurs, generating the alkene-derived radical cations, which sequentially enables the functionalization of translocated radical cations to occur in two ways: the first involves direct reaction with a nucleophile/radical or two molecules of nucleophiles to realize hydrofunctionalization, difunctionalization and cyclization; and the second involves the transformation of the alkene-derived radical cations into carbon-centered radicals using a base followed by radical coupling or oxidative nucleophilic coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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12
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Abstract
Synthetic chemists have long focused on selective C(sp 3)-N bond-forming approaches in response to the high value of this motif in natural products, pharmaceutical agents and functional materials. In recent years, visible light-induced protocols have become an important synthetic platform to promote this transformation under mild reaction conditions. These photo-driven methods rely on converting visible light into chemical energy to generate reactive but controllable radical species. This Review highlights recent advances in this area, mostly after 2014, with an emphasis placed on C(sp 3)-H bond activations, including amination of olefins and carbonyl compounds, and cross-coupling reactions.
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13
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Prusinowski AF, Sise HC, Bednar TN, Nagib DA. Radical Aza-Heck Cyclization of Imidates via Energy Transfer, Electron Transfer, and Cobalt Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022; 12:4327-4332. [PMID: 35479099 PMCID: PMC9038135 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A radical aza-Heck cyclization has been developed to afford functionally rich products with four contiguous C-heteroatom bonds. This multi-catalytic strategy provides rapid syntheses of dense, medicinally relevant motifs by enabling the conversion of alcohol-derived imidates to heteroatom-rich fragments containing vinyl oxazolines/oxazoles, allyl amines, β-amino alcohols/halides, and combinations thereof. Mechanistic insights of this process show how three distinct photocatalytic cycles cooperate to enable: (1) imidate radical generation by energy transfer, (2) dehydrogenation by Co catalysis, and (3) catalyst turnover by electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen F. Prusinowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Henry C. Sise
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Taylor N. Bednar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A. Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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14
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Kwon K, Simons RT, Nandakumar M, Roizen JL. Strategies to Generate Nitrogen-centered Radicals That May Rely on Photoredox Catalysis: Development in Reaction Methodology and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2353-2428. [PMID: 34623809 PMCID: PMC8792374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
For more than 70 years, nitrogen-centered radicals have been recognized as potent synthetic intermediates. This review is a survey designed for use by chemists engaged in target-oriented synthesis. This review summarizes the recent paradigm shift in access to and application of N-centered radicals enabled by visible-light photocatalysis. This shift broadens and streamlines approaches to many small molecules because visible-light photocatalysis conditions are mild. Explicit attention is paid to innovative advances in N-X bonds as radical precursors, where X = Cl, N, S, O, and H. For clarity, key mechanistic data is noted, where available. Synthetic applications and limitations are summarized to illuminate the tremendous utility of photocatalytically generated nitrogen-centered radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kwon
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - R Thomas Simons
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Meganathan Nandakumar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
| | - Jennifer L Roizen
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Box 90346, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0354, United States
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15
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Sun P, Zhang Z, Wang X, Li L, Li Y, Li Z. Cobalt‐catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes Using
NFSI
as Nitrogen Source. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xinyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Linshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yuxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhengming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento‐Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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16
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Yu K, Zhang X, Yu W, Tang J, Tian Y, Wei W, Zhang Z, Liang T. Iron–iodine co-catalysis towards tandem C–N/C–C bond formation: one-pot regioselective synthesis of 2-amino-3-alkylindoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intermolecular C2,3-H aminoalkylation of indoles with 9H-xanthenes and azoles via iron–iodine co-catalyzed tandem C–N/C–C bond formation has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yating Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Wanxing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
| | - Taoyuan Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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17
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Li M, Zhao D, Sun K. Visible Light Driving Alkene Difunctionalization Reaction Involving Group Migration. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202207037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Yang G, Wang S, Nie H, Xiong Z, Li X, Ji F, Jiang G. An efficient transition metal‐free difunctionalization of alkenes in water for the green preparation of sulfone compounds. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Shoucai Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Hongsheng Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Zhicheng Xiong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Xuan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Fanghua Ji
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
| | - Guangbin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin China
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19
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Ge Y, Ye F, Yang J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylation to α,β-Unsaturated Piperidones via Selective Cleavage of Carbon-Carbon Triple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22393-22400. [PMID: 34382728 PMCID: PMC8519052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A direct and selective synthesis of α,β-unsaturated piperidones by a new palladium-catalyzed cascade carbonylation is described. In the presented protocol, easily available propargylic alcohols react with aliphatic amines to provide a broad variety of interesting heterocycles. Key to the success of this transformation is a remarkable catalytic cleavage of the present carbon-carbon triple bond by using a specific catalyst with 2-diphenylphosphinopyridine as ligand and appropriate reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies and control experiments revealed branched unsaturated acid 11 as crucial intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityNo. 2318, Yuhangtang Road311121HangzhouP. R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V.Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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20
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Ge Y, Ye F, Yang J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylation to α,β‐Unsaturated Piperidones via Selective Cleavage of Carbon–Carbon Triple Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road 311121 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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21
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Witwicki M, Lewińska A, Ozarowski A. o-Semiquinone radical anion isolated as an amorphous porous solid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17408-17419. [PMID: 34351330 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01596f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of metal cations is a commonly applied strategy to create S > 1/2 stable molecular systems containing semiquinone radicals. Persistent mono-semiquinonato complexes of diamagnetic metal ions (S = 1/2) have been hitherto less common and mostly limited to the complexes of heavy metal ions. In this work, a mono-semiquinonato complex of aluminum, derived from 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, is obtained using a surprisingly short and uncomplicated procedure. The isolated product is an amorphous and porous solid that exhibits very good stability under ambient conditions. To characterise its molecular and electronic structure, 9.7, 34 and 406 GHz EPR spectroscopy was used in concert with computational techniques (DFT and DLPNO-CCSD). It was revealed that the radical complex is composed of two chemically equivalent aluminum cations and two catechol-like ligands with the unpaired electron uniformly distributed between the two organic molecules. The good stability and porous structure make this complex applicable in heterogeneous aerobic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Witwicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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22
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Hattori S, Hirata S, Shinozaki K. Emission Intensity Enhancement for Iridium(III) Complex in Dimethyl Sulfoxide under Photoirradiation. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9260-9267. [PMID: 34351172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We found emission intensity enhancement for fac-Ir(ppy)3 (ppy = 2-(2'-phenyl)pyridine) in aerated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) during photoirradiation for the first time. This phenomenon was concluded to be responsible for the consumption of 3O2 dissolved in DMSO through dimethyl sulfone production by photosensitized reaction using fac-Ir(ppy)3. A 3O2 adduct of DMSO molecule was detected by UV absorption measurement and theoretical calculation. We proposed a mechanism for the emission enhancement reaction including 1,3O2 molecules and 1,3O2-DMSO adducts and validated it through a simulation of emission intensity change using an ordinary differential equation solver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hattori
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hirata
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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23
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Peng C, Gao Y, Wang P, Zhao Y, Chapagain B, Wang Y, Liu W, Yang Y. Theoretical Exploration of Copper-Catalyzed Mechanisms of Cope-Type Hydroamination of Cyclopropene and Oxime. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Abazid AH, Hollwedel TN, Nachtsheim BJ. Stereoselective Oxidative Cyclization of N-Allyl Benzamides to Oxaz(ol)ines. Org Lett 2021; 23:5076-5080. [PMID: 34138574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an enantioselective oxidative cyclization of N-allyl carboxamides via a chiral triazole-substituted iodoarene catalyst. The method allows the synthesis of highly enantioenriched oxazolines and oxazines, with yields of up to 94% and enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. Quaternary stereocenters can be constructed and, besides N-allyl amides, the corresponding thioamides and imideamides are well tolerated as substrates, giving rise to a plethora of chiral 5-membered N-heterocycles. By applying a multitude of further functionalizations, we finally demonstrate the high value of the observed chiral heterocycles as strategic intermediates for the synthesis of other enantioenriched target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayham H Abazid
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tom-Niklas Hollwedel
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Boris J Nachtsheim
- University of Bremen, Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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25
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Liu JB, Ren M, Lai X, Qiu G. Iron-catalyzed stereoselective haloamidation of amide-tethered alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4259-4262. [PMID: 33913970 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, by using N-methoxybenzamides as efficient acyl nitrene precursors, an iron-catalyzed formal cis-haloamidation of alkyne is reported. Without assistance of additives, the reaction worked well in the presence of 50 mol% FeCl3 or FeBr3, leading to a series of chloro/bromo-containing isoindolin-5-ones with high efficiency and wide reaction scope. In the reaction, the iron-facilitated haloamidation proceeds through a halo anion-participating concerted [3+2] cyclization to release the final products. The key intermediate ferric acyl nitrene A is generated in situ from a formal removal of MeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Biao Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Miaofeng Ren
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaojing Lai
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Guanyinsheng Qiu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Shen X, Huang C, Yuan X, Yu S. Diastereoselective and Stereodivergent Synthesis of 2‐Cinnamylpyrrolines Enabled by Photoredox‐Catalyzed Iminoalkenylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Congcong Huang
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Xiang‐Ai Yuan
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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27
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Luo Y, Su R, Yang H. Efficient copper(i)-catalyzed oxidative intermolecular 1,2-estersulfenylation of styrenes with peroxyesters and disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5045-5049. [PMID: 32573616 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and practical method for the synthesis of thio-substituted esters through copper(i)-catalyzed intermolecular 1,2-estersulfenylation of styrenes with peroxyesters and disulfides was developed. In this transformation, two new C-S bond and C-O bond were constructed simultaneously under a copper catalyst system, and the transformation exhibits a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. In addition, this method can also be applied to arylthiols. It should be noted that peroxyesters not only acted as nucleophilic reagents but also as oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Luo
- School of Economics and Management, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China and School of Business, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, 410205, China
| | - Rongkui Su
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Hongming Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
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28
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Zhang LW, Deng XJ, Zhang DX, Tian QQ, He W. Aminolactonization of Unactivated Alkenes Catalyzed by Aryl Iodine. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5152-5165. [PMID: 33760610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A one-step protocol of the aryl iodine-catalyzed aminolactonization of unactivated alkenes under oxidation conditions was first reported to efficiently construct diverse amino lactones in a short time using HNTs2 as the compatible nitrogen source. In addition, we investigated the influence of the reaction rate based on the structure of the iodoarene precatalyst, which revealed the selective adjustment effect on aminolactonization and oxylactonization. Finally, preliminary experiments verified the feasibility of asymmetric aminolactonization catalyzed by a chiral iodoarene precatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Deng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dong-Xu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qin-Qin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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29
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Shi WZ, Li H, Mu GC, Lu JL, Tu YH, Hu XG. 1,2- trans-Stereoselective Synthesis of C-Glycosides of 2-Deoxy-2-amino-sugars Involving Glycosyl Radicals. Org Lett 2021; 23:2659-2663. [PMID: 33733785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time that the imidate radical can be efficiently added to glycals to generate glycosyl radicals, based on which a general, toxic-reagent-free synthesis of C-glycosides of 2-deoxy-2-amino sugars has been developed. Complementary to previous strategies, the reaction is 1,2-trans-stereoselective and could use aryl alkenes as substrates. The late-stage functionalization and density functional theory calculations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ze Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Hai Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Gui-Cai Mu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Ji-Liang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Yuan-Hong Tu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China
| | - Xiang-Guo Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R.China.,Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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30
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Zhang Z, Ngo DT, Nagib DA. Regioselective Radical Amino-Functionalizations of Allyl Alcohols via Dual Catalytic Cross-Coupling. ACS Catal 2021; 11:3473-3477. [PMID: 34745713 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective amination and cross-coupling of a range of nucleophiles with allyl alcohols has been enabled by a dual catalytic strategy. This approach entails the combined action of an Ir photocatalyst that enables mild access to N-radicals via an energy transfer mechanism, as well as a Cu complex that intercepts the ensuing alkyl radical upon cyclization. Merger of this Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling enables a broad range of nucleophiles (e.g. CN, SCN, N3, vinyl, allyl) to engage in radical amino-functionalizations of olefins. Notably, stereo, regio, and kinetic probes provide insights into the nature of this Cu-based radical interception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Duong T. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A. Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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31
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Shen X, Huang C, Yuan X, Yu S. Diastereoselective and Stereodivergent Synthesis of 2‐Cinnamylpyrrolines Enabled by Photoredox‐Catalyzed Iminoalkenylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9672-9679. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Congcong Huang
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Xiang‐Ai Yuan
- School of chemistry and chemical engineering Qufu Normal University Qufu 273165 China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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32
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Kim S, Kim D, Hong SY, Chang S. Tuning Orbital Symmetry of Iridium Nitrenoid Enables Catalytic Diastereo- and Enantioselective Alkene Difunctionalizations. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3993-4004. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seung Youn Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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33
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Fu Z, Wang X, Tao S, Bu Q, Wei D, Liu N. Manganese Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Esters with Amines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2339-2358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Lai X, Liu JB, Wang YC, Qiu G. Iron-catalyzed intramolecular acyl nitrene/alkyne metalation for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2077-2080. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, by using N-methoxybenzamides as efficient acyl nitrene precursors, an iron-catalyzed acyl nitrene/alkyne metalation is reported for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-5-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lai
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
- Ganzhou 341000
- China
| | - Yu-Chao Wang
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
| | - Guanyinsheng Qiu
- College of Biological
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314001
- China
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35
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Tian S, Yang Q, Sadeghzadeh SM. Control of the synthesis and morphology of nano dendritic CuAl 2O 4 as a nanocatalyst for photoredox-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of styrenes with amines and CO 2. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00899d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Various morphologies of a nano CuAl2O4 fiber microsphere were produced through diverse synthesis situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Tian
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-Electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device
- School of Science
- Xijing University
- Xi’an
- China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Fundamental Education Center
- Xijing University
- Xi’an
- China
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36
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Ji YX, Li J, Li CM, Qu S, Zhang B. Manganese-Catalyzed N-F Bond Activation for Hydroamination and Carboamination of Alkenes. Org Lett 2020; 23:207-212. [PMID: 33305569 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted method for generating amidyl radicals from N-fluorosulfonamides via a manganese-catalyzed N-F bond activation strategy is reported. This protocol employs a simple manganese complex, Mn2(CO)10, as the precatalyst and a cheap silane, (MeO)3SiH, as both the hydrogen-atom donor and the F-atom acceptor, enabling intramolecular/intermolecular hydroaminations of alkenes, two-component carboamination of alkenes, and even three-component carboamination of alkenes. A wide range of valuable aliphatic sulfonamides can be readily prepared using these practical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xing Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinxia Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Chun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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37
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Lévesque F, Di Maso MJ, Narsimhan K, Wismer MK, Naber JR. Design of a Kilogram Scale, Plug Flow Photoreactor Enabled by High Power LEDs. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Lévesque
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael J. Di Maso
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Karthik Narsimhan
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Michael K. Wismer
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John R. Naber
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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38
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Zhang G, Zhou S, Fu L, Chen P, Li Y, Zou J, Liu G. Asymmetric Coupling of Carbon‐Centered Radicals Adjacent to Nitrogen: Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation and Etherification of Enamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Soochow University Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Song Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 China
| | - Liang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 China
| | - Jianping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Soochow University Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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39
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Zhang G, Zhou S, Fu L, Chen P, Li Y, Zou J, Liu G. Asymmetric Coupling of Carbon‐Centered Radicals Adjacent to Nitrogen: Copper‐Catalyzed Cyanation and Etherification of Enamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20439-20444. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Soochow University Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Song Zhou
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 China
| | - Liang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 China
| | - Jianping Zou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Soochow University Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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40
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Qi J, Zhang F, Jin J, Zhao Q, Li B, Liu L, Wang Y. New Radical Borylation Pathways for Organoboron Synthesis Enabled by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Feng‐Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Ji‐Kang Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Lin‐Xuan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Yi‐Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS Hefei 230026 China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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41
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Nakafuku KM, Zhang Z, Wappes EA, Stateman LM, Chen AD, Nagib DA. Enantioselective radical C-H amination for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols. Nat Chem 2020; 12:697-704. [PMID: 32572164 PMCID: PMC7390680 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric, radical C-H functionalizations are rare but powerful tools for solving modern synthetic challenges. Specifically, the enantio- and regioselective C-H amination of alcohols to access medicinally valuable chiral β-amino alcohols remains elusive. To solve this challenge, a radical relay chaperone strategy was designed, wherein an alcohol was transiently converted to an imidate radical that underwent intramolecular H-atom transfer (HAT). This regioselective HAT was also rendered enantioselective by harnessing energy transfer catalysis to mediate selective radical generation and interception by a chiral copper catalyst. The successful development of this multi-catalytic, asymmetric, radical C-H amination enabled broad access to chiral β-amino alcohols from a variety of alcohols containing alkyl, allyl, benzyl and propargyl C-H bonds. Mechanistic experiments revealed that triplet energy sensitization of a Cu-bound radical precursor facilitates catalyst-mediated HAT stereoselectivity, enabling the synthesis of several important classes of chiral β-amines by enantioselective, radical C-H amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohki M Nakafuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ethan A Wappes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Leah M Stateman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew D Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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42
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Qi J, Zhang FL, Jin JK, Zhao Q, Li B, Liu LX, Wang YF. New Radical Borylation Pathways for Organoboron Synthesis Enabled by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12876-12884. [PMID: 32232933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Radical borylation using N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-BH3 complexes as boryl radical precursors has emerged as an important synthetic tool for organoboron assembly. However, the majority of reported methods are limited to reaction modes involving carbo- and/or hydroboration of specific alkenes and alkynes. Moreover, the generation of NHC-boryl radicals relies principally on hydrogen atom abstraction with the aid of radical initiators. A distinct radical generation method is reported, as well as the reaction pathways of NHC-boryl radicals enabled by photoredox catalysis. NHC-boryl radicals are generated via a single-electron oxidation and subsequently undergo cross-coupling with the in-situ-generated radical anions to yield gem-difluoroallylboronates. A photoredox-catalyzed radical arylboration reaction of alkenes was achieved using cyanoarenes as arylating components from which elaborated organoborons were accessed. Mechanistic studies verified the oxidative formation of NHC-boryl radicals through a single-electron-transfer pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ji-Kang Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS, Hefei, 230026, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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43
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Feng L, Guo L, Yang C, Zhou J, Xia W. Visible-Light-Induced Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Narasaka–Heck Reaction at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2020; 22:3964-3968. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
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44
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Li H, Guo L, Feng X, Huo L, Zhu S, Chu L. Sequential C-O decarboxylative vinylation/C-H arylation of cyclic oxalates via a nickel-catalyzed multicomponent radical cascade. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4904-4910. [PMID: 34122946 PMCID: PMC8159219 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective, sequential C-O decarboxylative vinylation/C-H arylation of cyclic alcohol derivatives enabled by visible-light photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is described. This protocol utilizes a multicomponent radical cascade process, i.e. decarboxylative vinylation/1,5-HAT/aryl cross-coupling, to achieve efficient, site-selective dual-functionalization of saturated cyclic hydrocarbons in one single operation. This synergistic protocol provides straightforward access to sp3-enriched scaffolds and an alternative retrosynthetic disconnection to diversely functionalized saturated ring systems from the simple starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Xiaoliang Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Liping Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
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45
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Guo Q, Peng Q, Chai H, Huo Y, Wang S, Xu Z. Visible-light promoted regioselective amination and alkylation of remote C(sp 3)-H bonds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1463. [PMID: 32193371 PMCID: PMC7081228 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-N cross coupling reaction has always been a fundamental task in organic synthesis. However, the direct use of N-H group of aryl amines to generate N-centered radicals which would couple with alkyl radicals to construct C-N bonds is still rare. Here we report a visible light-promoted C-N radical cross coupling for regioselective amination of remote C(sp3)-H bonds. Under visible light irradiation, the N-H groups of aryl amines are converted to N-centered radicals, and are then trapped by alkyl radicals, which are generated from Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag (HLF) type 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT). With the same strategy, the regioselective C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross coupling is also realized by using alkyl Hantzsch esters (or nitrile) as radical alkylation reagents. Notably, the α-C(sp3)-H of tertiary amines can be directly alkylated to form the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds via C(sp3)-H − C(sp3)-H cross coupling through the same photoredox pathway. C-N bond forming is an established strategy to form amines, which are quintessential in chemical synthesis and in nature. Here, the authors report three classes of photoredox reactions, involving C(sp3)-N coupling between N-centered radicals and alkyl radicals and C(sp3)- C(sp3) coupling via C(sp3)-H alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanping Guo
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongli Chai
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yumei Huo
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Institute of Drug Design & Synthesis, Institute of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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46
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Prusinowski AF, Twumasi RK, Wappes EA, Nagib DA. Vicinal, Double C-H Functionalization of Alcohols via an Imidate Radical-Polar Crossover Cascade. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5429-5438. [PMID: 32141741 PMCID: PMC7299201 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A double functionalization of vicinal sp3 C-H bonds has been developed, wherein a β amine and γ iodide are incorporated onto an aliphatic alcohol in a single operation. This approach is enabled by an imidate radical chaperone, which selectively affords a transient β alkene that is amino-iodinated in situ. Overall, the radical-polar-crossover cascade entails the following key steps: (i) β C-H iodination via 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), (ii) desaturation via I2 complexation, and (iii) vicinal amino-iodination of an in situ generated allyl imidate. The synthetic utility of this double C-H functionalization is illustrated by conversion of aliphatic alcohols to a diverse collection of α,β,γ substituted products bearing heteroatoms on three adjacent carbons. The radical-polar crossover mechanism is supported by various experimental probes, including isotopic labeling, intermediate validation, and kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen F Prusinowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Raymond K Twumasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ethan A Wappes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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47
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Abstract
Vicinal alkene carboamination is a highly efficient and practical synthetic strategy for the straightforward preparation of diverse and valuable amine derivatives starting from simple compounds. During the last decade that approach has found continuous research interests and various practical methods have been developed using transition-metal catalysis. Driven by the renaissance of synthetic radical chemistry, intermolecular radical alkene carboamination comprising a C-C bond and a C-N bond forming step has been intensively investigated recently culminating in novel strategies and improved protocols which complement existing methodologies. Radical alkene carboamination can be achieved via three different reaction modes. Such cascades can proceed through N-radical addition to an alkene with subsequent C-C bond formation leading to 2,1-carboamination products. Alternatively, the C-C bond can be installed prior to the C-N bond via initial C-radical addition to the alkene with subsequent β-amination resulting in 1,2-carboamination. The third mode comprises initial single electron oxidation of the alkene to the corresponding alkene radical cation that gets trapped by an N-nucleophile and the cascade is terminated by radical C-C bond formation. In this review, the three different conceptual approaches will be discussed and examples from the recent literature will be presented. Further, the reader will get insights into the mechanism of the different transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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48
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Wu F, Ariyarathna JP, Alom NE, Kaur N, Li W. Oxyamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Electron-Rich Amines and Acids via a Catalytic Triiodide Intermediate. Org Lett 2020; 22:884-890. [PMID: 31927966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An aerobic catalytic oxidation process is described for the olefin oxyamination using acids and primary amines as the sources of O and N. Our mechanistic findings point to the formation of triiodide as a critical catalytic intermediate to account for the tolerance of electron-rich nucleophiles. This dual iodide and copper catalytic system is suitable for a formal [5+1] annulation process to access valuable lactam structures and highlighted by the synthesis of the pharmaceutical Zamifenacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , The University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Jeewani P Ariyarathna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , The University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Nur-E Alom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , The University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , The University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Green Chemistry and Engineering , The University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street , Toledo , Ohio 43606 , United States
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49
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Ligand-promoted cobalt-catalyzed radical hydroamination of alkenes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:783. [PMID: 32034130 PMCID: PMC7005876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly regio- and enantioselective intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes is a challenging process potentially leading to valuable chiral amines. Hydroamination of alkenes via metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) with good regioselectivity and functional group tolerance has been reported, however, high enantioselectivity has not been achieved due to the lack of suitable ligands. Here we report a ligand-promoted cobalt-catalyzed Markovnikov-type selective radical hydroamination of alkenes with diazo compounds. This operationally simple protocol uses unsymmetric NNN-tridentate (UNT) ligand, readily available alkenes and hydrosilanes to construct hydrazones with good functional group tolerance. The hydrazones can undergo nitrogen–nitrogen bond cleavage smoothly to deliver valuable amine derivatives. Additionally, asymmetric intermolecular hydroamination of unactivated aliphatic terminal alkenes using chiral N-imidazolinylphenyl 8-aminoquinoline (IPAQ) ligands has also been achieved to afford chiral amine derivatives with good enantioselectivities. Asymmetric intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes is a challenging process, potentially leading to useful chiral amines. Here, the authors report unsymmetric NNN tridentate ligands promoting the cobalt-catalyzed radical hydroamination of alkenes via hydrogen atom transfer, also in an asymmetric fashion.
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50
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Chen AD, Herbort JH, Wappes EA, Nakafuku KM, Mustafa DN, Nagib DA. Radical cascade synthesis of azoles via tandem hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2479-2486. [PMID: 34084413 PMCID: PMC8157396 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06239d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A radical cascade strategy for the modular synthesis of five-membered heteroarenes (e.g. oxazoles, imidazoles) from feedstock reagents (e.g. alcohols, amines, nitriles) has been developed. This double C-H oxidation is enabled by in situ generated imidate and acyloxy radicals, which afford regio- and chemo-selective β C-H bis-functionalization. The broad synthetic utility of this tandem hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) approach to access azoles is included, along with experiments and computations that provide insight into the selectivity and mechanism of both HAT events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - James H Herbort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Ethan A Wappes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kohki M Nakafuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Darsheed N Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - David A Nagib
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA
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