1
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Lin SL, Chen YH, Liu HH, Xiang SH, Tan B. Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Cyclobutenes Enabled by Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Isomerization of BCBs. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21152-21158. [PMID: 37732875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Chiral cyclobutene units are commonly found in natural products and biologically active molecules. Transition-metal-catalysis has been extensively used in asymmetric synthesis of such structures, while organocatalytic approaches remain elusive. In this study, bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes are involved in enantioselective transformation for the first time to offer a highly efficient route toward cyclobutenes with good regio- and enantiocontrol. The utilization of N-triflyl phosphoramide as a chiral Brønsted acid promoter enables this isomerization process to proceed under mild conditions with low catalyst loading as well as good functional group compatibility. The resulting chiral cyclobutenes could serve as platform molecules for downstream manipulations with excellent reservation of stereochemical integrity, demonstrating the synthetic practicality of the developed method. Control experiments have also been performed to verify the formation of a key carbocation intermediate at the benzylic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Li Lin
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye-Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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2
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Tao SC, Meng FC, Wang T, Zheng YL. Ni-catalyzed arylation of alkynes with organoboronic acids and aldehydes to access stereodefined allylic alcohols. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2040-2045. [PMID: 36845934 PMCID: PMC9945163 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05894d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A new, efficient and practical method for the three-component arylative coupling of aldehydes, alkynes and arylboronic acids has been developed through nickel catalysis. This transformation provides diverse Z-selective tetrasubstituted allylic alcohols without the use of any aggressive oragnometallic nucleophiles or reductants. Moreover, benzylalcohols are viable coupling partners via oxidation state manipulation and arylative coupling in one single catalytic cycle. This reaction features a direct and flexible approach for the preparation of stereodefined arylated allylic alcohols with broad substrate scope under mild conditions. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated through the synthesis of diverse biologically active molecular derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chen Tao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Fan-Cheng Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Tie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
| | - Yan-Long Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin 300384 P. R. China
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3
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Ma Y, Hussein AA. Formal Pericyclic‐Coupled Electron Transfer: I. Stepwise Formal Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition Enabled by Addition‐Coupled Electron Transfer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Ma
- Institution BSJ Institute, Haidian Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
- Hangzhou Yanqu Information Technology Co., Ltd. Xihu District Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003 People's Republic of China
| | - Aqeel A. Hussein
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Science Komar University of Science and Technology 46001 Sulaymaniyah Kurdistan Region Iraq
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4
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Wang J, Li C, Xu T, Li M, Hao W, Tu S, Wang J, Li G, Yu Z, Jiang B. Catalytic Enantioselective Construction of 6‐4
Ring‐Junction All‐Carbon
Stereocenters and Its Mechanistic Insights. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yin Wang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Long Li
- College of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Meng‐Fan Li
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Juan Hao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Shu‐Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University Nanning 530004 P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79409‐1061 United States
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Yu
- College of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 P. R. China
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5
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Min KH, Iqbal N, Cho EJ. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Amides to Access Multi-Functionalized Indoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:989-994. [PMID: 35050641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of alkynes and amides, followed by base-free transmetalation, proceeded selectively in the presence of an uncommon bidentate primary aminophosphine ligand to access highly functionalized indoles comprising biologically important trifluoromethyl groups and challenging electron-rich alkenyl groups at the 2- and 3-positions, respectively. Indole molecules were installed within natural products or drug molecules under mild conditions, and a trifluoromethylated analogue of a drug molecule (pravadoline) was also synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Hong Min
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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6
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Munakala A, Nallamilli T, Nanubolu JB, Chegondi R. Steric- and Electronic-Controlled Intramolecular [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition of Cyclohexadienone-Containing 1,7-Enynes. Org Lett 2022; 24:892-896. [PMID: 35023756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein we have developed the silver-catalyzed electronic- and steric-controlled intramolecular formal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of alkyne-tethered cyclohexadienones. Substrates with electron-rich alkynes and a less hindered quaternary carbon center afford tricyclic fused cyclobutenes through 1,7-enyne cyclization. In contrast, the formation of dihydrofurans was observed from electron-deficient alkynes via proton abstraction/C-O bond cleavage. The synthetic potential of this method was also broadened with a gram-scale reaction and various transformations on cyclobutene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandarao Munakala
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Tarun Nallamilli
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | | | - Rambabu Chegondi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Zhang WB, Chen G, Shi SL. Enantioselective Ni/N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Redox-Economical Coupling of Aldehydes, Alkynes, and Enones for Rapid Construction of Acyclic All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:130-136. [PMID: 34941237 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters exist widely in natural products and bioactive molecules, but their enantioselective construction remains a prominent challenge. In particular, multicomponent enantioselective couplings of simple precursors to acyclic all-carbon quaternary stereocenters are very rare. We describe herein an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-Ni catalyzed redox-economical three-component reaction of aldehydes, alkynes, and enones that proceeds in a highly chemo-, regio-, and enantioselective manner. A wide variety of valuable acyclic α-quaternary chiral ketones were synthesized in a single step with 100% atom economy. This reaction proceeds through the formation of a transient cyclic enolate followed by an aldol reaction/ring-opening sequence. The strategy is expected to inspire new and efficient approaches to generate other acyclic quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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8
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Chen H, Zhou Z, Kong W. Allylic alcohol synthesis by Ni-catalyzed direct and selective coupling of alkynes and methanol. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9372-9378. [PMID: 34349909 PMCID: PMC8278963 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02625a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanol is an abundant and renewable chemical raw material, but its use as a C1 source in C-C bond coupling reactions still constitutes a big challenge, and the known methods are limited to the use of expensive and noble metal catalysts such as Ru, Rh and Ir. We herein report nickel-catalyzed direct coupling of alkynes and methanol, providing direct access to valuable allylic alcohols in good yields and excellent chemo- and regioselectivity. The approach features a broad substrate scope and high atom-, step- and redox-economy. Moreover, this method was successfully extended to the synthesis of [5,6]-bicyclic hemiacetals through a cascade cyclization reaction of alkynones and methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herong Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 P. R. China
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9
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Kennedy CR, Joannou MV, Steves JE, Hoyt JM, Kovel CB, Chirik PJ. Iron-Catalyzed Vinylsilane Dimerization and Cross-Cycloadditions with 1,3-Dienes: Probing the Origins of Chemo- and Regioselectivity. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1368-1379. [PMID: 34336370 PMCID: PMC8317497 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The selective, intermolecular, homodimerization and cross-cycloaddition of vinylsilanes with unbiased 1,3-dienes, catalyzed by a pyridine-2,6-diimine (PDI) iron complex is described. In the absence of a diene coupling partner, vinylsilane hydroalkenylation products were obtained chemoselectively with unusual head-to-head regioselectivity (up to >98% purity, 98:2 E/Z). In the presence of a 4- or 2-substituted diene coupling partner, under otherwise identical reaction conditions, formation of value-added [2+2]- and [4+2]-cycloadducts, respectively, was observed. The chemoselectivity profile was distinct from that observed for analogous α-olefin dimerization and cross-reactions with 1,3-dienes. Mechanistic studies conducted with well-defined, single-component precatalysts (MePDI)Fe(L2) (where MePDI = 2,6-(2,6-Me2-C6H3N═CMe)2C5H3N; L2 = butadiene or 2(N2)) provided insights into the kinetic and thermodynamic factors contributing to the substrate-controlled regioselectivity for both the homodimerization and cross cycloadditions. Diamagnetic iron diene and paramagnetic iron olefin complexes were identified as catalyst resting states, were characterized by in situ NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies, and were corroborated with DFT calculations. Stoichiometric reactions and computational models provided evidence for a common mechanistic regime where competing steric and orbital-symmetry requirements dictate the regioselectivity of oxidative cyclization. Although distinct chemoselectivity profiles were observed in cross-cycloadditions with the vinylsilane congeners of α-olefins, these products arose from metallacycles with the same connectivity. The silyl substituents ultimately governed the relative rates of β-H elimination and C-C reductive elimination to dictate final product formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jordan M. Hoyt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Carli B. Kovel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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10
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Wang H, Jiang L, Liang H, Fan H. Mechanism of Silver-Catalyzed [2+2] Cycloaddition between Siloxy-Alkynes and Carbonyl Compound: A Silylium Ion Migration Approach. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Tambe SD, Iqbal N, Cho EJ. Nickel-Catalyzed trans-Carboamination across Internal Alkynes to Access Multifunctionalized Indoles. Org Lett 2020; 22:8550-8554. [PMID: 33104355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A Ni-catalyzed reaction was developed for the synthesis of multifunctionalized indoles. The reaction proceeded through oxidative cyclization of the Ni(0)/P^N complex with an enyne system, 2-alkynyl anilinoacrylate, to provide a nickelacycle intermediate. The trans-carboamination around the internal alkyne was achieved by syn/anti-rotation of the Ni-carbenoid intermediate formed by C-N bond cleavage of the nickelacycle, and 3-alkenylated indoles were formed by C-N bond-forming reductive elimination. Notably, the synthesized indoles could be successfully transformed to functionalized carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant D Tambe
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeem Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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12
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Álvarez-García J, Rubio-Pisabarro V, Silva-López C, Cid MM. Photochemically Driven Tandem Process in the Construction of a Biscyclopropylcage from 2,5-Dimethoxy- p-benzoquinone and Terminal Acetylenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4527-4531. [PMID: 32436710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A photochemical two-step one-pot synthesis of novel biscyclopropyl-box-shaped compounds via the reaction of 2,5-dimethoxy-para-benzoquinone and monosubstituted alkynes is reported. The reaction mechanism for a process in which six new C-C bonds are formed is explored by means of experimental and computational techniques. The whole process occurs with complete selectivity, and only one densely decorated diastereomer is obtained; such a degree of control and substitution makes for a rather powerful and complexity-building process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Álvarez-García
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Edificio Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo E-36310, Spain
| | - Víctor Rubio-Pisabarro
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Edificio Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo E-36310, Spain
| | - Carlos Silva-López
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Edificio Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo E-36310, Spain
| | - María Magdalena Cid
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Edificio Ciencias Experimentais, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo E-36310, Spain
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13
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Ren X, Lu Y, Lu G, Wang ZX. Density Functional Theory Mechanistic Study of Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Alkyne–Alkyne Cyclodimerization: Oxidative Cyclization versus Outer-Sphere Proton Transfer. Org Lett 2020; 22:2454-2459. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Ren
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Parsutkar MM, Pagar VV, RajanBabu TV. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutenes from Alkynes and Alkenyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15367-15377. [PMID: 31476274 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of enantioselective catalytic reactions for the preparation of chiral compounds from readily available precursors, using scalable and environmentally benign chemistry, can greatly impact their design, synthesis, and eventually manufacture on scale. Functionalized cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes are important structural motifs seen in many bioactive natural products and pharmaceutically relevant small molecules. They are also useful precursors for other classes of organic compounds such as other cycloalkane derivatives, heterocyclic compounds, stereodefined 1,3-dienes, and ligands for catalytic asymmetric synthesis. The simplest approach to make cyclobutenes is through an enantioselective [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between an alkyne and an alkenyl derivative, a reaction which has a long history. Yet known reactions of this class that give acceptable enantioselectivities are of very narrow scope and are strictly limited to activated alkynes and highly reactive alkenes. Here, we disclose a broadly applicable enantioselective [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between wide variety of alkynes and alkenyl derivatives, two of the most abundant classes of organic precursors. The key cycloaddition reaction employs catalysts derived from readily synthesized ligands and an earth-abundant metal, cobalt. Over 50 different cyclobutenes with enantioselectivities in the range of 86-97% ee are documented. With the diverse functional groups present in these compounds, further diastereoselective transformations are easily envisaged for synthesis of highly functionalized cyclobutanes and cyclobutenes. Some of the novel observations made during these studies including a key role of a cationic Co(I)-intermediate, ligand and counterion effects on the reactions, can be expected to have broad implications in homogeneous catalysis beyond the highly valuable synthetic intermediates that are accessible by this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Parsutkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Vinayak Vishnu Pagar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , 100 West 18th Avenue , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
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16
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O'Hara C, Yang CH, Francis AJ, Newell BS, Wang H, Resendiz MJE. Photocycloaddition of S, S-Dioxo-benzothiophene-2-methanol, Reactivity in the Solid State and in Solution: Mechanistic Studies and Diastereoselective Formation of Cyclobutyl Rings. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9714-9725. [PMID: 31298854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of cyclobutane rings is a promising strategy in the development of potential drugs and/or synthetic intermediates, typically challenging to obtain due to their constrained nature. In this work, the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction of S,S-dioxobenzothiophene-2-methanol was explored in microcrystalline powders and its outcome was compared to that observed in solution. It was found that the molecular constraints inherited within the crystal lattice provide an optimal environment that leads to photodimer 4 as the major product in ca. 9.6:0.4 diastereomeric ratios with conversions >95%. The photoreaction was analyzed via X-ray, displaying a crystalline-to-amorphous transformation and showing that units of monomer 2 align to generate the corresponding dimer with a syn-head-to-tail regio- and diastereoselectivity. This result contrasted with that obtained in solution, where the diastereomeric ratio varied as a function of the excited state that is generated, to yield mixtures of dimers 4 and 5 (anti-head-to-tail), or exclusively 5 in the triplet-sensitized photoreaction, in the presence of benzophenone. Density functional theory was used to elucidate a plausible detailed mechanism for the phototransformation, which aided in justifying the results that led to the corresponding dimers. X-ray crystallography allowed us to establish the stereochemical assignment of the obtained cyclobutyl rings. Thus, the use of solid-state or solution photochemistry can be used to gain control of diastereo- and regioselectivities in the formation of this important moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea O'Hara
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Chou-Hsun Yang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Andrew J Francis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Brian S Newell
- Department of Chemistry, Central Instrument Facility , Colorado State University , C1D Chemistry Building 1872, Campus Delivery , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523-1872 , United States
| | - Haobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
| | - Marino J E Resendiz
- Department of Chemistry , University of Colorado Denver , Science Building 1151 Arapahoe Street , Denver , Colorado 80204 , United States
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Arun
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur- 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Kingshuk Mahanty
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur- 741246, West Bengal India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur- 741246, West Bengal India
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18
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Jiang D, Li Q, Fu M, Zhao X, Meng Q, Zhao L. Mechanistic insight into the highly regioselective Ni(0)-catalyzed [2 + 2] self-cycloaddition of electron-deficient allenoates. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02434k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A DFT study reveals that the Ni(0)-catalyzed [2 + 2] self-cycloaddition of electron-deficient allenoates proceeds via the one-ligand-involved mechanism. In addition, the origin of the high regioselectivity of the product, as well as the lower efficiency of the bidentate ligands, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Qianqian Li
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Mingxing Fu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
| | - Qingyong Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- 710072 Xi'an
- China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
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