1
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Thai P, Patel L, Manna D, Powers DC. Hydrogen-bond activation enables aziridination of unactivated olefins with simple iminoiodinanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:2305-2312. [PMID: 39290207 PMCID: PMC11406056 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Iminoiodinanes comprise a class of hypervalent iodine reagents that is often encountered in nitrogen-group transfer (NGT) catalysis. In general, transition metal catalysts are required to effect efficient NGT to unactivated olefins because iminoiodinanes are insufficiently electrophilic to engage in direct aziridination chemistry. Here, we demonstrate that 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) activates N-arylsulfonamide-derived iminoiodinanes for the metal-free aziridination of unactivated olefins. 1H NMR and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies indicate that hydrogen-bonding between HFIP and the iminoiodinane generates an oxidant capable of direct NGT to unactivated olefins. Stereochemical scrambling during aziridination of 1,2-disubstituted olefins is observed and interpreted as evidence that aziridination proceeds via a carbocation intermediate that subsequently cyclizes. These results demonstrate a simple method for activating iminoiodinane reagents, provide analysis of the extent of activation achieved by H-bonding, and indicate the potential for chemical non-innocence of fluorinated alcohol solvents in NGT catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Thai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lauv Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, 77843, USA
| | - Diyasha Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, 77843, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station TX, 77843, USA
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2
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Smith MJS, Tu W, Robertson CM, Bower JF. Stereospecific Aminative Cyclizations Triggered by Intermolecular Aza-Prilezhaev Alkene Aziridination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312797. [PMID: 37846756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Under acidic reaction conditions (TFA), deprotection of BocNR(OSO2 R) reagents triggers intermolecular aminative cyclizations of alkenes equipped with pendant nucleophiles. The processes are predicated on a sequence of stereospecific intermolecular aza-Prilezhaev aziridination followed by stereospecific SN 2-like opening by the pendant nucleophile. The method offers broad scope with respect to the nucleophile (N-, O- or C-based), alkene and cyclization mode, allowing the installation of two contiguous stereocenters under operationally simple conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Wenbin Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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3
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Fanourakis A, Phipps RJ. Catalytic, asymmetric carbon-nitrogen bond formation using metal nitrenoids: from metal-ligand complexes via metalloporphyrins to enzymes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12447-12476. [PMID: 38020383 PMCID: PMC10646976 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of nitrogen atoms into small molecules is of fundamental importance and it is vital that ever more efficient and selective methods for achieving this are developed. With this aim, the potential of nitrene chemistry has long been appreciated but its application has been constrained by the extreme reactivity of these labile species. This liability however can be attenuated by complexation with a transition metal and the resulting metal nitrenoids have unique and highly versatile reactivity which includes the amination of certain types of aliphatic C-H bonds as well as reactions with alkenes to afford aziridines. At least one new chiral centre is typically formed in these processes and the development of catalysts to exert control over enantioselectivity in nitrenoid-mediated amination has become a growing area of research, particularly over the past two decades. Compared with some synthetic methods, metal nitrenoid chemistry is notable in that chemists can draw from a diverse array of metals and catalysts , ranging from metal-ligand complexes, bearing a variety of ligand types, via bio-inspired metalloporphyrins, all the way through to, very recently, engineered enzymes themselves. In the latter category in particular, rapid progress is being made, the rate of which suggests that this approach may be instrumental in addressing some of the outstanding challenges in the field. This review covers key developments and strategies that have shaped the field, in addition to the latest advances, up until September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Fanourakis
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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4
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Tufano E, Lee E, Barilli M, Casali E, Oštrek A, Jung H, Morana M, Kang J, Kim D, Chang S, Zanoni G. Iridium Acylnitrenoid-Initiated Biomimetic Cascade Cyclizations: Stereodefined Access to Polycyclic δ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37926946 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ring-fused azacyclic compounds are important building units in the synthesis of biorelevant natural products, pharmaceutical agents, and molecular materials. Herein, we present a new approach to these condensed azacycles by a biomimetic cascade cyclization of arylalkenyl dioxazolones. This cascade reaction was found to proceed with excellent stereoselectivity and a high functional group tolerance. The substrate scope of arylalkenyl dioxazolones turned out to be highly flexible and extendable to additional terminating subunits, such as heteroaryl and alkynyl moieties. This biomimetic cyclization was elucidated to be initiated by an intramolecular transfer of the in situ generated electrophilic Ir-acylnitrenoid to the tethered olefinic double bond, leading to a key N-acylaziridine intermediate, which is in turn reacted with pendant (hetero)arenes or alkynes in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner to produce ring-fused azacyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Tufano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Euijae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Matteo Barilli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Casali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andraž Oštrek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Marta Morana
- Department of Earth Science, University of Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jihye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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5
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Gillespie JE, Lam NYS, Phipps RJ. Ortho-Selective amination of arene carboxylic acids via rearrangement of acyl O-hydroxylamines. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10103-10111. [PMID: 37772106 PMCID: PMC10530477 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03293k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct amination of arene C-H bonds is an attractive disconnection to form aniline-derived building blocks. This transformation presents significant practical challenges; classical methods for ortho-selective amination require strongly acidic or forcing conditions, while contemporary catalytic processes often require bespoke directing groups and/or precious metal catalysis. We report a mild and procedurally straightforward ortho-selective amination of arene carboxylic acids, arising from a facile rearrangement of acyl O-hydroxylamines without requiring precious metal catalysts. A broad scope of benzoic acid substrates are compatible and the reaction can be applied to longer chain arene carboxylic acids. Mechanistic studies probe the specific requirement for trifluoroacetic acid in generating the active aminating agent, and suggest that two separate mechanisms may be operating in parallel in the presence of an iron catalyst: (i) an iron-nitrenoid intermediate and (ii) a radical chain pathway. Regardless of which mechanism is followed, high ortho selectivity is obtained, proposed to arise from the directivity (first) or attractive interactions (second) arising with the carboxylic acid motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Gillespie
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Nelson Y S Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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6
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Wang J, Shi D, Wang Z, Ren F, Li X, You Y, Liu X, Lou Y. A Scalable and Metal-Free Synthesis of Indazoles from 2-Aminophenones and In Situ Generated De-Boc-Protected O-Mesitylsulfonyl Hydroxylamine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13049-13056. [PMID: 37647210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot metal-free protocol to access indazoles from easily available 2-aminophenones and hydroxylamine derivatives has been achieved. The reaction is operationally simple, mild, and insensitive to air and moisture. A broad range of indazoles were prepared in good to excellent yield (up to 97% yield), and the reaction displayed a broad functional group tolerance. The reaction was performed at gram scale, and its synthetic application was exhibited through the rapid and efficient preparation of bioactive molecule YC-3 and FDA-approved drug axitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dongmin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fucai Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang'en You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yazhou Lou
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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7
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Zhai P, Fang Y, Li W, Lin J, Li X. Three-Component Synthesis of Di-Keto Aziridines and Highly Functionalized Alkenes from Sulfoxonium Ylides, Nitrosoarenes, and Alkynes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12194-12207. [PMID: 37590322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-free one-pot three-component method of sulfoxonium ylides, nitrosoarenes, and alkynes for the synthesis of highly functionalized di-keto aziridines and alkenes is described. This strategy features the catalyst-free and additive-free approach, the employment of safe, more stable, and readily accessible sulfoxonium ylides, which bear a much wider substrate scope as starting materials. In terms of terminal alkynes, a cascade reaction of nitrone formation/1,3-diploar cycloaddition/Baldwin rearrangement is involved to afford a wide variety of di-keto aziridines. However, highly functionalized alkenes could be obtained instead of di-keto aziridines through the same nitrone formation/1,3-diploar cycloaddition and another different rearrangement reaction when internal alkynes are employed as starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingan Zhai
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Fang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianying Lin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 West Yingze Street, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
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8
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Dequina HJ, Jones CL, Schomaker JM. Recent updates and future perspectives in aziridine synthesis and reactivity. Chem 2023; 9:1658-1701. [PMID: 37681216 PMCID: PMC10482075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In this review, selected recent advances in the preparation and reactivity of aziridines using modern synthetic approaches are highlighted, while comparing these new strategies with more classical approaches. This critical analysis is designed to help identify current gaps in the field and is showcasing new and exciting opportunities to move the chemistry of aziridines forward in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary J. Dequina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Corey L. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Schomaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 N. University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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9
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Jiang HM, Zhao YL, Sun Q, Ouyang XH, Li JH. Recent Advances in N-O Bond Cleavage of Oximes and Hydroxylamines to Construct N-Heterocycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041775. [PMID: 36838760 PMCID: PMC9964420 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oximes and hydroxylamines are a very important class of skeletons that not only widely exist in natural products and drug molecules, but also a class of synthon, which have been widely used in industrial production. Due to weak N-O σ bonds of oximes and hydroxylamines, they can be easily transformed into other functional groups by N-O bond cleavage. Therefore, the synthesis of N-heterocycle by using oximes and hydroxylamines as nitrogen sources has attracted wide attention. Recent advances for the synthesis of N-heterocycle through transition-metal-catalyzed and radical-mediated cyclization classified by the type of nitrogen sources and rings are summarized. In this paper, the recent advances in the N-O bond cleavage of oximes and hydroxylamines are reviewed. We hope that this review provides a new perspective on this field, and also provides a reference to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.O.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Correspondence: (X.-H.O.); (J.-H.L.)
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10
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Gasser VCM, Makai S, Morandi B. The advent of electrophilic hydroxylamine-derived reagents for the direct preparation of unprotected amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9991-10003. [PMID: 35993918 PMCID: PMC9453917 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aminating reagents have seen a renaissance in recent years as effective nitrogen sources for the synthesis of unprotected amino functionalities. Based on their reactivity, several noble and non-noble transition metal catalysed amination reactions have been developed. These include the aziridination and difunctionalisation of alkenes, the amination of arenes as well as the synthesis of aminated sulfur compounds. In particular, the use of hydroxylamine-derived (N-O) reagents, such as PONT (PivONH3OTf), has enabled the introduction of unprotected amino groups on various different feedstock compounds, such as alkenes, arenes and thiols. This strategy obviates undesired protecting-group manipulations and thus improves step efficiency and atom economy. Overall, this feature article gives a recent update on several reactions that have been unlocked by employing versatile hydroxylamine-derived aminating reagents, which facilitate the generation of unprotected primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina C M Gasser
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Szabolcs Makai
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
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11
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Sebest F, Radtanajiravong L, Kaukver S, White AJP, Díez-González S. Expedient metal-free preparation of aryl aziridines via thermal cycloaddition reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3681-3684. [PMID: 35226000 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07213g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of aryl aziridines is reported from readily available azides and alkenes and using technical solvents in the presence of air. This methodology does not require any additives and the obtained compounds can be employed in ring-opening and ring-expansion reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sebest
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Lalita Radtanajiravong
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Siim Kaukver
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Andrew J P White
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Silvia Díez-González
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, MSRH, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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12
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Wang T, Stein PM, Shi H, Hu C, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Hydroxylamine-mediated C-C amination via an aza-hock rearrangement. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7029. [PMID: 34857758 PMCID: PMC8640056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of anilines, synthetic challenges to these targets still exist. Selectivity is often an issue, when using the traditional nitration-reduction sequence or more modern approaches, including arene C-H aminations catalyzed by transition metals, photosensitizers, or electrodes. Accordingly, there is still a need for general methods to rapidly, directly access specific isomers of substituted anilines. Here, we report a simple route towards the synthesis of such motifs starting from benzyl alcohols, which are converted to anilines by the use of arylsulfonyl hydroxylamines, via an aza-Hock rearrangement. Good to excellent yields are observed. The method is applicable to various benzyl alcohol surrogates (such as ethers, esters, and halides) as well as simple alkylarenes. Functionalizations of pharmaceutically relevant structures are feasible under the reaction conditions. Over ten amination reagents can be used, which facilitates the rapid assembly of a vast set of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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13
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Abstract
Classical amination methods involve the reaction of a nitrogen nucleophile with an electrophilic carbon center; however, in recent years, umpoled strategies have gained traction where the nitrogen source acts as an electrophile. A wide range of electrophilic aminating agents are now available, and these underpin a range of powerful C-N bond-forming processes. In this Review, we highlight the strategic use of electrophilic aminating agents in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. O'Neil
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. O'Neil
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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15
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Chandra D, Yadav AK, Singh V, Tiwari B, Jat JL. Fe(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Unactivated Aziridines (N‐H/N‐Me) from Olefins Using
O
‐Arylsulfonyl Hydroxylamines. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Lucknow India
| | - Ajay K. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Lucknow India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Division of Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Centre of Biomedical Research SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Division of Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Centre of Biomedical Research SGPGIMS Campus Raebareli Road Lucknow 226014 India
| | - Jawahar L. Jat
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Lucknow India
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16
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17
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Mori-Quiroz LM, Comadoll CG, Super JE, Clift MD. Exploiting Iminoquinones as Electrophilic at Nitrogen "N+" Synthons for C-N Bond Construction. Org Lett 2021; 23:7008-7013. [PMID: 34477395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New methods for C-N bond construction exploiting the N-centered electrophilic character of iminoquinones are reported. Iminoquinones, generated in situ via the condensation of o-vinylanilines with benzoquinones, undergo acid-catalyzed cyclization to afford N-arylindoles in excellent yields. Under similar reaction conditions, homoallylic amines react analogously to afford N-arylpyrroles. Additionally, organometallic nucleophiles are shown to add to the nitrogen atom of N-alkyliminoquinones to provide amine products. Finally, iminoquinones are shown to be competent electrophiles for copper-catalyzed hydroamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Mori-Quiroz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Chelsea G Comadoll
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jonathan E Super
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Michael D Clift
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1140 Gray-Little Hall, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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18
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Cao YX, Silalai P, Liu CF, Yu KY, Bao X, Zhao XH, Saeeng R, Fan CA. Hypervalent-Iodine(III)-Mediated Tandem Oxidative Dearomatization/Aziridination of Phenolic Amines: Synthesis of Functionalized Unactivated Aziridines. Chemistry 2021; 27:8473-8478. [PMID: 33844345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new hypervalent-iodine(III)-mediated tandem reaction involving oxidative dearomatization and in situ aziridination of phenolic amines is described, providing a mild and effective method for the assembly of structurally interesting and synthetically useful aziridines. Importantly, the densely functionalized aziridines resulting from this unprecedented tandem reaction offer a platform for expeditious access to architecturally diverse aza-heterocycles through transformations initiated by selective ring-opening of aziridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Xing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Patamawadee Silalai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Chun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Rungnapha Saeeng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied OrganicChemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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19
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Zheng L, Qian YE, Hu YZ, Xiao JA, Ye ZP, Chen K, Xiang HY, Chen XQ, Yang H. O-Perhalopyridin-4-yl Hydroxylamines: Amidyl-Radical Generation Scaffolds in Photoinduced Direct Amination of Heterocycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:1643-1647. [PMID: 33587645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the design and synthesis of new O-perhalopyridin-4-yl hydroxylamines as shelf-stable and versatile amidyl-radical precursors. The novel amination reagents can be easily prepared via a single synthetic step from inexpensive commercially available starting materials using monoprotected HONH2 as amino source. The synthetic potency of the developed reagents was well demonstrated by direct amination of a series of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones and their analogues under photocatalytic conditions, even without any additive and photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu-En Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhuo Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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20
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Lei J, Song GT, He LJ, Luo YF, Tang DY, Lin HK, Frett B, Li HY, Chen ZZ, Xu ZG. One-pot construction of functionalized aziridines and maleimides via a novel pseudo-Knoevenagel cascade reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2194-2197. [PMID: 31971170 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08220d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An Ugi, novel pseudo-Knoevenagel, ring expansion cascade reaction was discovered and utilized for the synthesis of aziridinyl succinimides in one-pot. Subsequently, densely functionalized aziridines and maleimides have been designed and synthesized through similar cascade reactions. The target compounds were prepared by means of a mild reaction and a simple operation procedure, which could be applicable to a broad scope of starting materials. This series of novel cascade reactions generates opportunities for the tailored synthesis of a wide range of biologically active scaffolds through tuneable Ugi inputs. Discovery of compound 8i with comparable potency to sorafenib in liver cancer cell lines could provide a new avenue for liver cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lei
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China. and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Gui-Ting Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Liu-Jun He
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Ya-Fei Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Dian-Yong Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
| | - Zhong-Zhu Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China.
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21
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Azek E, Spitz C, Ernzerhof M, Lebel H. A Mechanistic Study of the Stereochemical Outcomes of Rhodium‐Catalysed Styrene Aziridinations. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emna Azek
- Département de Chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville Montréal, Québec Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Cédric Spitz
- Département de Chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville Montréal, Québec Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Matthias Ernzerhof
- Département de Chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville Montréal, Québec Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Hélène Lebel
- Département de Chimie and Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC)Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville Montréal, Québec Canada H3C 3J7
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22
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Wang H, Shi J, Tan J, Xu W, Zhang S, Xu K. Electrochemical Synthesis of trans-2,3-Disubstituted Aziridines via Oxidative Dehydrogenative Intramolecular C(sp3)–H Amination. Org Lett 2019; 21:9430-9433. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiao Wang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jianxue Shi
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province for Photo- and Electrochemical Catalysis, College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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23
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Remete AM, Kiss L. Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Molecular Entities Through Fluoride Ring Opening of Oxiranes and Aziridines. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Márió Remete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Eötvös u. 6 6720 Szeged Hungary
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