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Zhang Y, Li M, Li B, Sheng W. Surface Functionalization with Polymer Brushes via Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Synthesis, Applications, and Current Challenges. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5571-5589. [PMID: 38440955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Polymer brushes have received great attention in recent years due to their distinctive properties and wide range of applications. The synthesis of polymer brushes typically employs surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) techniques. To realize the control of the polymerization process in different environments, various SI-ATRP techniques triggered by different stimuli have been developed. This review focuses on the latest developments in different stimuli-triggered SI-ATRP methods, such as electrochemically mediated, photoinduced, enzyme-assisted, mechanically controlled, and organocatalyzed ATRP. Additionally, SI-ATRP technology triggered by a combination of multiple stimuli sources is also discussed. Furthermore, the applications of polymer brushes in lubrication, biological applications, antifouling, and catalysis are also systematically summarized and discussed. Despite the advancements in the synthesis of various types of 1D, 2D, and 3D polymer brushes via controlled radical polymerization, contemporary challenges remain in the quest for more efficient and straightforward synthetic protocols that allow for precise control over the composition, structure, and functionality of polymer brushes. We anticipate the readers could promote the understanding of surface functionalization based on ATRP-mediated polymer brushes and envision future directions for their application in surface coating technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Wang C, Zhao H. Polymer Brushes and Surface Nanostructures: Molecular Design, Precise Synthesis, and Self-Assembly. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2439-2464. [PMID: 38279930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
For over two decades, polymer brushes have found wide applications in industry and scientific research. Now, polymer brush research has been a significant research focus in the community of polymer science. In this review paper, we give an introduction to the synthesis, self-assembly, and applications of one-dimensional (1D) polymer brushes on polymer backbones, two-dimensional (2D) polymer brushes on flat surfaces, and three-dimensional (3D) polymer brushes on spherical particles. Examples of the synthesis of polymer brushes on different substrates are provided. Studies on the formation of the surface nanostructures on solid surfaces are also reviewed in this article. Multicomponent polymer brushes on solid surfaces are able to self-assemble into surface micelles (s-micelles). If the s-micelles are linked to the substrates through cleavable linkages, the s-micelles can be cleaved from the substrates, and the cleaved s-micelles are able to self-assemble into hierarchical structures. The formation of the surface nanostructures by coassembly of polymer brushes and "free" polymer chains (coassembly approach) or polymerization-induced surface self-assembly approach, is discussed. The applications of the polymer brushes in colloid and biomedical science are summarized. Finally, perspectives on the development of polymer brushes are offered in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300071, China
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Sivokhin A, Orekhov D, Kazantsev O, Otopkova K, Sivokhina O, Chuzhaykin I, Ovchinnikov A, Zamyshlyayeva O, Pavlova I, Ozhogina O, Chubenko M. Amide-Containing Bottlebrushes via Continuous-Flow Photoiniferter Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization: Micellization Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:134. [PMID: 38201799 PMCID: PMC10780833 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, a series of ternary amphiphilic amide-containing bottlebrushes were synthesized by photoiniferter (PI-RAFT) polymerization of macromonomers in continuous-flow mode using trithiocarbonate as a chain transfer agent. Visible light-mediated polymerization of macromonomers under mild conditions enabled the preparation of thermoresponsive copolymers with low dispersity and high yields in a very short time, which is not typical for the classical reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. Methoxy oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and alkoxy(C12-C14) oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate were used as the basic monomers providing amphiphilic and thermoresponsive properties. The study investigated how modifying comonomers, acrylamide (AAm), methacrylamide (MAAm), and N-methylacrylamide (-MeAAm) affect the features of bottlebrush micelle formation, their critical micelle concentration, and loading capacity for pyrene, a hydrophobic drug model. The results showed that the process is scalable and can produce tens of grams of pure copolymer per day. The unmodified copolymer formed unimolecular micelles at temperatures below the LCST in aqueous solutions, as revealed by DLS and SLS data. The incorporation of AAm, MAAm, and N-MeAAm units resulted in an increase in micelle aggregation numbers. The resulting bottlebrushes formed uni- or bimolecular micelles at extremely low concentrations. These micelles possess a high capacity for loading pyrene, making them a promising choice for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sivokhin
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Dmitry Orekhov
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Oleg Kazantsev
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Ksenia Otopkova
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Sivokhina
- V.A. Kargin Research Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers with Pilot Plant, 606000 Dzerzhinsk, Nizhegorodskaya obl., Russia
| | - Ilya Chuzhaykin
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Alexey Ovchinnikov
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Zamyshlyayeva
- Department of High Molecular Compounds and Colloidal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarina pr. 23, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Irina Pavlova
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Olga Ozhogina
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Chubenko
- Research Laboratory “New Polymeric Materials”, Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, n.a. R.E. Alekseev, 24 Minin Street, 603155 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Fronczyk T, Mielańczyk A, Klymenko O, Erfurt K, Neugebauer D. Eco-Conscious Approach to Thermoresponsive Star-Comb and Mikto-Arm Polymers via Enzymatically Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Followed by Ring-Opening Polymerization. Molecules 2023; 29:55. [PMID: 38202638 PMCID: PMC10779862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and application of a heterofunctional initiator derived from 2-hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), having eight bromoester groups and thirteen hydroxyl groups allowing the synthesis of mikto-arm star-shaped polymers. The bromoesterification of HP-β-CD was achieved using α-bromoisobutyryl bromide as the acylation reagent, modifying the cyclodextrin (CD) molecule as confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. The initiator's effectiveness was further demonstrated by obtaining star-comb and mikto-arm polymers via an enzymatically assisted atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method and subsequent ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The ATR polymerization quality and control depended on the type of monomer and was optimized by the way of introducing the initiator into the reaction mixture. In the case of ATRP, high conversion rates for poly(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA), with molecular weights (Mn) of 500 g/mol and 300 g/mol, were achieved. The molecular weight distribution of the obtained polymers remained in the range of 1.23-1.75. The obtained star-comb polymers were characterized by different arm lengths. Unreacted hydroxyl groups in the core of exemplary star-comb polymers were utilized in the ROP of ε-caprolactone (CL) to obtain a hydrophilic mikto-arm polymer. Cloud point temperature (TCP) values of the synthesized polymers increased with arm length, indicating the polymers' reduced hydrophobicity and enhanced solvation by water. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed the ability of the star-comb polymers to create fractals. The study elucidates advancements in the synthesis and utilization of hydrophilic sugar-based initiators for enzymatically assisted ATRP in an aqueous solution for obtaining complex star-comb polymers in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Fronczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
| | - Olesya Klymenko
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Karol Erfurt
- Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Dorota Neugebauer
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (T.F.); (D.N.)
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Wu D, Li W, Zhang T. Surface-Initiated Zerovalent Metal-Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization (SI-Mt 0CRP) for Brush Engineering. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2329-2340. [PMID: 37616063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe surface-tethered polymer brush has become a powerful approach to tailoring the chemical and physical properties of surfaces and interfaces and revealed broad application prospects in widespread fields such as self-cleaning, surface lubrication, and antibiofouling. Access to these diverse functional polymer brushes is highly dependent on versatile and powerful surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) strategies. However, conventional SI-CRP typically requires oxygen exclusion, large amounts of catalysts and monomer solution, and a long reaction time, making it time-consuming and sophisticated. When using a two-plate system consisting of an initiator-bearing substrate and a metal plate, we and our collaborators introduced surface-initiated zerovalent metal-mediated controlled radical polymerization (SI-Mt0CRP). In the SI-Mt0CRP setup, a metal(0) plate (Cu, Fe, Zn, or Sn) is placed proximately to an initiator-functionalized substrate and forms a confined polymerization system which considerably simplifies the synthesis of a wide range of polymer brushes with high grafting densities over large areas (up to the meter scale).In comparison to classical SI-ATRP (catalyzed by metal salts), SI-Mt0CRP demonstrates oxygen tolerance, high controllability, good retention of chain-end functionality, and facile recyclability of the metal catalysts (i.e., metal foil/plate). Taking advantage of the confined geometry of the SI-Mt0CRP setup, polymer brushes with various conformations and architectures are easily accessible while consuming only microliter volumes of monomer solution and without complicated operations under ambient conditions. Owing to these attractive characteristics, SI-Mt0CRP has become a versatile technique for functionalizing materials for targeted applications, ranging from the areas of surface science to materials science and nanotechnology.In this Account, we summarize the recent advances of SI-Mt0CRP catalyzed by zerovalent metals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Zn, and Sn) and highlight the intrinsic advantages of the featured experimental setup, compared with the "classical" SI-CRP in which metal salt, powder, or wire is applied. We further discuss the synthetic features and proposed mechanism of SI-Mt0CRP while emphasizing the various external technologies' (including "on water" reaction, galvanic replacement, lithography, and capillary microfluidic) integrated polymerization systems. We also describe structural polymer brushes, including block copolymers, patterned and gradient structures, and arrayed and binary polymer brushes. Finally, we introduce the diverse polymer brushes that have been prepared using these techniques, with a focus on targeted and emerging applications. We anticipate that the discussion presented in this Account will promote a better understanding of the SI-Mt0CRP technique and advance the future development of practical surface brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Gu Y, Li Y, Wu Q, Wu Z, Sun L, Shang Y, Zhuang Y, Fan X, Yi L, Wang S. Chemical antifouling strategies in sensors for food analysis: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4074-4106. [PMID: 37421317 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface biofouling induced by the undesired nonspecific adsorption of foulants (e.g., coexisting proteins and cells) in food matrices is a major issue of sensors for food analysis, hindering their reliability and accuracy of sensing. This issue can be addressed by developing antifouling strategies to prevent or alleviate nonspecific binding. Chemical antifouling strategies involve the use of chemical modifiers (i.e., antifouling materials) to strongly hydrate the surface and reduce surface biofouling. Through appropriate immobilization approaches, antifouling materials can be tethered onto sensors to form antifouling surfaces with well-ordered structures, balanced surface charges, and appropriate surface density and thickness. A rational antifouling surface can reduce the matrix effect, simplify sample pretreatment, and improve analytical performance. This review summarizes recent developments in chemical antifouling strategies in sensing. Surface antifouling mechanisms and common antifouling materials are described, and factors that may influence the antifouling effects of antifouling surfaces and approaches incorporating antifouling materials onto sensing surfaces are highlighted. Moreover, the specific applications of antifouling sensors in food analysis are introduced. Finally, we provide an outlook on future developments in antifouling sensors for food analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qiyue Wu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongdong Wu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Shang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yongliang Zhuang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xuejing Fan
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lunzhao Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Gazzola G, Filipucci I, Rossa A, Matyjaszewski K, Lorandi F, Benetti EM. Oxygen Tolerance during Surface-Initiated Photo-ATRP: Tips and Tricks for Making Brushes under Environmental Conditions. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1166-1172. [PMID: 37526233 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving tolerance toward oxygen during surface-initiated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (SI-RDRP) holds the potential to translate the fabrication of polymer brush-coatings into upscalable and technologically relevant processes for functionalizing materials. While focusing on surface-initiated photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-photoATRP), we demonstrate that a judicious tuning of the composition of reaction mixtures and the adjustment of the polymerization setup enable to maximize the compatibility of this grafting technique toward environmental conditions. Typically, the presence of O2 in the polymerization medium limits the attainable thickness of polymer brushes and causes the occurrence of "edge effects", i.e., areas at the substrates' edges where continuous oxygen diffusion from the surrounding environment inhibits brush growth. However, the concentrations of the Cu-based catalyst and "free" alkyl halide initiator in solution emerge as key parameters to achieve a more efficient consumption of oxygen and yield uniform and thick brushes, even for polymerization mixtures that are more exposed to air. Precise variation of reaction conditions thus allows us to identify those variables that become determinants for making the synthesis of brushes more tolerant toward oxygen, and consequently more practical and upscalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gazzola
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Filipucci
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossa
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Hanson EK, Whelan RJ. Application of the Nicoya OpenSPR to Studies of Biomolecular Binding: A Review of the Literature from 2016 to 2022. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4831. [PMID: 37430747 DOI: 10.3390/s23104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The Nicoya OpenSPR is a benchtop surface plasmon resonance (SPR) instrument. As with other optical biosensor instruments, it is suitable for the label-free interaction analysis of a diverse set of biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, antibodies, nucleic acids, lipids, viruses, and hormones/cytokines. Supported assays include affinity/kinetics characterization, concentration analysis, yes/no assessment of binding, competition studies, and epitope mapping. OpenSPR exploits localized SPR detection in a benchtop platform and can be connected with an autosampler (XT) to perform automated analysis over an extended time period. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive survey of the 200 peer-reviewed papers published between 2016 and 2022 that use the OpenSPR platform. We highlight the range of biomolecular analytes and interactions that have been investigated using the platform, provide an overview on the most common applications for the instrument, and point out some representative research that highlights the flexibility and utility of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza K Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Rebecca J Whelan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Li X, Feng Z, Fang C, Wei Y, Ji D, Hu W. Non-fouling polymer brush grafted fluorine-doped tin oxide enabled optical and chemical enhancement for sensitive label-free antibody microarrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2477-2486. [PMID: 37097479 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00042g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OIRD) is a compelling technique for real-time, label-free and non-destructive detection of antibody microarray chips, but its sensitivity needs essential improvement for clinical diagnosis. In this study, we report an innovative high-performance OIRD microarray by using poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate] (POEGMA-co-GMA) brush grafted fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as the chip substrate. The polymer brush enhances the interfacial binding reaction efficiency of targets from the complicated sample matrix due to its high antibody loading and excellent anti-fouling merits; the FTO-polymer brush layered structure, on the other hand, excites the interference enhancement effect of OIRD to achieve enhanced intrinsic optical sensitivity. Synergistically, the sensitivity of this chip is significantly improved compared to rival chips, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 25 ng mL-1 for the model target C-reactive protein (CRP) in 10% human serum. This work explores the tremendous influence of the chip interfacial structure on the OIRD sensitivity and proposes a rational interfacial engineering strategy to boost the performance of the label-free OIRD based microarray and other bio-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Zhihao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Changxiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Dandan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
| | - Weihua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China.
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10
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Controlling Radical Polymerization with Biocatalysts. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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11
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Wu D, Yin X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li D, Yang F, Wang L, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang H, Liu X, Liu F, Zhang T. Tinware-Inspired Aerobic Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization (SI-Sn 0CRP) for Biocompatible Surface Engineering. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:71-76. [PMID: 36576724 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface anchored polymer brushes prepared by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) have raised considerable interest in biomaterials and bioengineering. However, undesired residues of noxious transition metal catalysts critically restrain their widespread biomedical applications. Herein, we present a robust and biocompatible surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization catalyzed by a Sn(0) sheet (SI-Sn0CRP) under ambient conditions. Through this approach, microliter volumes of vinyl monomers with diverse functions (heterocyclic, ionic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic) could be efficiently converted to homogeneous polymer brushes. The excellent controllability of SI-Sn0CRP strategy is further demonstrated by the exquisite fabrication of predetermined block and patterned polymer brushes through chain extension and photolithography, respectively. Additionally, in virtue of intrinsic biocompatibility of Sn, the resultant polymer brushes present transcendent affinity toward blood and cell, in marked contrast to those of copper-based approaches. This strategy could provide an avenue for the controllable fabrication of biocompatible polymer brushes toward biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Deke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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12
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Simple and Safe Liquid Seal Approach to Oxygen-tolerant ATRP. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Choi Y, Park CS, Tran HV, Li CH, Crudden CM, Lee TR. Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Gold for Surface-Initiated Polymerizations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44969-44980. [PMID: 36150129 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are superior to thiol adsorbates in that they form remarkably stable bonds with gold, the generation of NHC-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) typically requires a strong base and an inert atmosphere, which limits the utility of such films in many applications. Herein, we report the development and use of bench-stable NHC adsorbates, benzimidazolium methanesulfonates, for the direct formation of NHC films on gold surfaces under an ambient atmosphere at room temperature without the need for extraordinary precautions. The generated NHC SAMs were fully characterized using ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and contact angle measurements, and they were compared to analogous SAMs generated from an NHC bicarbonate adsorbate. Based on these findings, a unique radical initiator α,ω-bidentate azo-terminated NHC adsorbate, NHC15AZO[OMs], was designed and synthesized for the preparation of SAMs on gold surfaces with both NHC headgroups bound to the surface. The adsorbate molecules in NHC15AZO SAMs can exist in a hairpin or a linear conformation depending on the concentration of the adsorbate solution used to prepare the SAM. These conformations were studied by a combination of ellipsometry, XPS, PM-IRRAS, and scanning electron microscopy using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a tag material. Moreover, the potential utility of these unique radical-initiating NHC films as surface-initiated polymerization platforms was demonstrated by controlling the thickness of polystyrene brush films grown from azo-terminated NHC monolayer surfaces simply by adjusting the reaction time of the photoinitiated radical polymer growth process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Hung-Vu Tran
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Randall Lee
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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14
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Dworakowska S, Lorandi F, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Toward Green Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Current Status and Future Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106076. [PMID: 35175001 PMCID: PMC9259732 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have revolutionized synthetic polymer chemistry. Nowadays, RDRPs facilitate design and preparation of materials with controlled architecture, composition, and functionality. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has evolved beyond traditional polymer field, enabling synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrids, bioconjugates, advanced polymers for electronics, energy, and environmentally relevant polymeric materials for broad applications in various fields. This review focuses on the relation between ATRP technology and the 12 principles of green chemistry, which are paramount guidelines in sustainable research and implementation. The green features of ATRP are presented, discussing the environmental and/or health issues and the challenges that remain to be overcome. Key discoveries and recent developments in green ATRP are highlighted, while providing a perspective for future opportunities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Dworakowska
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyCracow University of TechnologyWarszawska 24Cracow31‐155Poland
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Department of Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Padovavia Marzolo 9Padova35131Italy
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of ChemistryCarnegie Mellon University4400 Fifth AvenuePittsburghPA15213USA
- Faculty of ChemistryAdam Mickiewicz UniversityUniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8Poznań61‐614Poland
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15
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Li R, Kong W, An Z. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202033. [PMID: 35212121 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis has been increasingly utilized in reversible deactivation radical polymerization (Enz-RDRP) on account of its mildness, efficiency, and sustainability. In this Minireview we discuss the key roles enzymes play in RDRP, including their ATRPase, initiase, deoxygenation, and photoenzyme activities. We use selected examples to highlight applications of Enz-RDRP in surface brush fabrication, sensing, polymerization-induced self-assembly, and high-throughput synthesis. We also give our reflections on the challenges and future directions of this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Weina Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zesheng An
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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16
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Ritsema van Eck G, Chiappisi L, de Beer S. Fundamentals and Applications of Polymer Brushes in Air. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:3062-3087. [PMID: 35601464 PMCID: PMC9112284 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, high-density, end-tethered polymers, forming so-called polymer brushes, have inspired scientists to understand their properties and to translate them to applications. While earlier research focused on polymer brushes in liquids, it was recently recognized that these brushes can find application in air as well. In this review, we report on recent progress in unraveling fundamental concepts of brushes in air, such as their vapor-swelling and solvent partitioning. Moreover, we provide an overview of the plethora of applications in air (e.g., in sensing, separations or smart adhesives) where brushes can be key components. To conclude, we provide an outlook by identifying open questions and issues that, when solved, will pave the way for the large scale application of brushes in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido
C. Ritsema van Eck
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules & Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Chiappisi
- Institut
Max von Laue - Paul Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Sissi de Beer
- Sustainable
Polymer Chemistry Group, Department of Molecules & Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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17
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Yin X, Wu D, Yang H, Wang J, Zhang X, Li H, Zheng T, Wang L, Zhang T. Galvanic-Replacement-Assisted Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization for Functional Polymer Brush Engineering. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:296-302. [PMID: 35575363 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Here we present a facile and robust strategy, namely, galvanic-replacement-assisted surface-initiated Cu(0)-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (gr-SI-Cu0ATRP, or gr-SI-Cu0CRP) for polymer brush engineering under ambient conditions. In gr-SI-Cu0ATRP, highly active and nanostructured Cu(0) surfaces are obtained by a simple galvanic replacement on zinc/aluminum surfaces in dilute Cu2+ solution. Polymer brush growth rate is extremely high (up to ∼904 nm in 30 min polymerization); meanwhile, both nano Cu(0) surfaces and Cu2+ solution can be reused multiple times without losing grafting efficiency. We also demonstrate that the gr-SI-Cu0ATRP is advantageous for polymer brush engineering on arbitrary substrates, including flexible (polyethylene terephthalate), curved (polycarbonate), and porous (anodic aluminum oxide), and endow the substrates with various functionalities, for example, anti-icing, antifogging, and ion selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haoyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Tianyue Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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18
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An Z, Li R, Kong W. Enzyme Catalysis for Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zesheng An
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weina Kong
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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19
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Liu C, Cheng F, Liu B, Gao D, Cheng G, Li C, Wang H, He W. Versatile, Oxygen-Insensitive Surface-Initiated Anionic Polymerization to Prepare Functional Polymer Brushes in Aqueous Solutions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:1001-1010. [PMID: 34949091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated polymerization is an attractive approach to achieve desired interfacial compositions and properties on a wide range of substrates and surfaces. Due to mild reaction conditions, multiple surface-initiated polymerization methods, such as atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization, and so forth, have been developed and studied in academia and industry. However, the current methods require the combination of metal catalysts, special initiators, and oxygen removal. Herein, we developed a surface-initiated carbanion-mediated anionic polymerization (SI-CMAP), which can be conducted in aqueous solutions in the presence of oxygen without the need for metal catalysts. Zwitterionic 2-(N-3-sulfopropyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium)ethyl methacrylate (SBMA) was selected as a model monomer to develop and demonstrate this strategy. The vinyl sulfone (VS) groups displayed on substrate surfaces reacted with N-methylimidazole (NMIM), which was used as the in situ initiator. The polymerization mechanism was extensively studied from many aspects at room temperature, including the changes in reaction conditions, factors affecting the polymerization extent, and substrate surfaces. We also demonstrated the compatibility of this method with a broad spectrum of monomers ranging from SBMA to other acrylates and acrylamides by using glycine betaine as a reaction additive. This method was also evaluated for the preparation of polymer-coated nanoparticles. For polymer-coated silica nanoparticles, their hydrodynamic diameter, copper contamination, and effects of salt and protein concentrations were compared with SI-ATRP in parallel. SI-CMAP in aqueous solutions in air and the absence of metal catalysts make this method sustainable and cost-effective. We believe that SI-CMAP can be readily adapted to the industrial surface coating and large-scale nanoparticle preparation under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Dongdong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Chunmei Li
- Tsinglan School, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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20
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Szczepaniak G, Jeong J, Kapil K, Dadashi-Silab S, Yerneni SS, Ratajczyk P, Lathwal S, Schild DJ, Das SR, Matyjaszewski K. Open-air green-light-driven ATRP enabled by dual photoredox/copper catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11540-11550. [PMID: 36320395 PMCID: PMC9557244 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04210j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) has risen to the forefront of modern polymer chemistry as a powerful tool giving access to well-defined materials with complex architecture. However, most photo-ATRP systems can only generate radicals under biocidal UV light and are oxygen-sensitive, hindering their practical use in the synthesis of polymer biohybrids. Herein, inspired by the photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization, we demonstrate a dual photoredox/copper catalysis that allows open-air ATRP under green light irradiation. Eosin Y was used as an organic photoredox catalyst (PC) in combination with a copper complex (X–CuII/L). The role of PC was to trigger and drive the polymerization, while X–CuII/L acted as a deactivator, providing a well-controlled polymerization. The excited PC was oxidatively quenched by X–CuII/L, generating CuI/L activator and PC˙+. The ATRP ligand (L) used in excess then reduced the PC˙+, closing the photocatalytic cycle. The continuous reduction of X–CuII/L back to CuI/L by excited PC provided high oxygen tolerance. As a result, a well-controlled and rapid ATRP could proceed even in an open vessel despite continuous oxygen diffusion. This method allowed the synthesis of polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions and controlled molecular weights using Cu catalyst and PC at ppm levels in both aqueous and organic media. A detailed comparison of photo-ATRP with PET-RAFT polymerization revealed the superiority of dual photoredox/copper catalysis under biologically relevant conditions. The kinetic studies and fluorescence measurements indicated that in the absence of the X–CuII/L complex, green light irradiation caused faster photobleaching of eosin Y, leading to inhibition of PET-RAFT polymerization. Importantly, PET-RAFT polymerizations showed significantly higher dispersity values (1.14 ≤ Đ ≤ 4.01) in contrast to photo-ATRP (1.15 ≤ Đ ≤ 1.22) under identical conditions. Fully oxygen-tolerant photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (photo-ATRP) allowed the synthesis of well-defined polymers using a Cu catalyst and eosin Y at ppm levels in both aqueous and organic media.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jaepil Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | - Paulina Ratajczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sushil Lathwal
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Dirk J. Schild
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Subha R. Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Center for Nucleic Acids Science & Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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21
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Romio M, Grob B, Trachsel L, Mattarei A, Morgese G, Ramakrishna SN, Niccolai F, Guazzelli E, Paradisi C, Martinelli E, Spencer ND, Benetti EM. Dispersity within Brushes Plays a Major Role in Determining Their Interfacial Properties: The Case of Oligoxazoline-Based Graft Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19067-19077. [PMID: 34738797 PMCID: PMC8769490 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many synthetic polymers used to form polymer-brush films feature a main backbone with functional, oligomeric side chains. While the structure of such graft polymers mimics biomacromolecules to an extent, it lacks the monodispersity and structural purity present in nature. Here we demonstrate that side-chain heterogeneity within graft polymers significantly influences hydration and the occurrence of hydrophobic interactions in the subsequently formed brushes and consequently impacts fundamental interfacial properties. This is demonstrated for the case of poly(methacrylate)s (PMAs) presenting oligomeric side chains of different length (n) and dispersity. A precise tuning of brush structure was achieved by first synthesizing oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) methacrylates (OEOXMAs) by cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP), subsequently purifying them into discrete macromonomers with distinct values of n by column chromatography, and finally obtaining poly[oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) methacrylate]s (POEOXMAs) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Assembly of POEOXMA on Au surfaces yielded graft polymer brushes with different side-chain dispersities and lengths, whose properties were thoroughly investigated by a combination of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCMD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. Side-chain dispersity, or dispersity within brushes, leads to assemblies that are more hydrated, less adhesive, and more lubricious and biopassive compared to analogous films obtained from graft polymers characterized by a homogeneous structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Romio
- Biointerfaces
Lab, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Grob
- Laboratory
for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lucca Trachsel
- George
& Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of
Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Morgese
- Institute
of Materials and Process Engineering (IMPE), School of Engineering
(SoE), Zürich University of Applied
Sciences (ZHAW), Technikumstrasse 9, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Shivaprakash N. Ramakrishna
- Soft Materials
and Interfaces, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Niccolai
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicholas D. Spencer
- Laboratory
for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Biointerfaces
Lab, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35122 Padova, Italy
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22
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Albers RF, Magrini T, Romio M, Leite ER, Libanori R, Studart AR, Benetti EM. Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Polymer-Brush Gradients within Elastomeric Supports by Cu 0-Mediated Surface-Initiated ATRP. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1099-1106. [PMID: 35549080 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cu0-mediated surface-initiated ATRP (Cu0 SI-ATRP) emerges as a versatile, oxygen-tolerant process to functionalize three-dimensional (3D), microporous supports forming single and multiple polymer-brush gradients with a fully tunable composition. When polymerization mixtures are dispensed on a Cu0-coated plate, this acts as oxygen scavenger and source of active catalyst. In the presence of an ATRP initiator-bearing microporous elastomer placed in contact with the metallic plate, the reaction solution infiltrates by capillarity through the support, simultaneously triggering the controlled growth of polymer brushes. The polymer grafting process proceeds with kinetics that are determined by the progressive infiltration of the reaction solution within the microporous support and by the continuous diffusion of catalyst regenerated at the Cu0 surface. The combination of these effects enables the accessible generation of 3D polymer-brush gradients extending across the microporous scaffolds used as supports, finally providing materials with a continuous variation of interfacial composition and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Faggion Albers
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Magrini
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Edson R. Leite
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Libanori
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André R. Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M. Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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23
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Poisson J, Polgar AM, Fromel M, Pester CW, Hudson ZM. Preparation of Patterned and Multilayer Thin Films for Organic Electronics via Oxygen‐Tolerant SI‐PET‐RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Alexander M. Polgar
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Christian W. Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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Poisson J, Polgar AM, Fromel M, Pester CW, Hudson ZM. Preparation of Patterned and Multilayer Thin Films for Organic Electronics via Oxygen-Tolerant SI-PET-RAFT. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19988-19996. [PMID: 34337845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An oxygen-tolerant approach is described for preparing surface-tethered polymer films of organic semiconductors directly from electrode substrates using polymer brush photolithography. A photoinduced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) approach was used to prepare multiblock polymer architectures with the structures of multi-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), including electron-transport, emissive, and hole-transport layers. The preparation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and thermally assisted fluorescence (TAF) trilayer OLED architectures are described. By using direct photomasking as well as a digital micromirror device, we also show that the surface-initiated (SI)-PET-RAFT approach allows for enhanced control over layer thickness, and spatial resolution in polymer brush patterning at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Alexander M Polgar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michele Fromel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Christian W Pester
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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25
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Gong HH, Zhang Y, Cheng YP, Lei MX, Zhang ZC. The Application of Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization in Modification of PVDF-based Fluoropolymer. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P, Smenda J, Wolski K. Following principles of green chemistry: Low ppm photo-ATRP of DMAEMA in water/ethanol mixture. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Li W, Sheng W, Li B, Jordan R. Surface Grafting “Band‐Aid” for “Everyone”: Filter Paper‐Assisted Surface‐Initiated Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Bin Li
- Physik Department TUM-Technische Universität München James-Franck-Straße 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry School of Science Technische Universität Dresden Mommsenstr. 4 01069 Dresden Germany
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28
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Li W, Sheng W, Li B, Jordan R. Surface Grafting "Band-Aid" for "Everyone": Filter Paper-Assisted Surface-Initiated Polymerization in the Presence of Air. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13621-13625. [PMID: 33751767 PMCID: PMC8252564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a facile and generalized approach to the modification of solid surfaces with polymer brushes under ambient conditions: filter paper-assisted surface-initiated Cu0 -mediated controlled radical polymerization (PSI-CuCRP). The polymerization solution wetted filter paper is sandwiched between a copper plate and an initiator-modified substrate, which allows the creation of a surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) "band-aid" so that everyone can perform the surface grafting selectively with good control over the quality of the polymer brushes employing low concentration and microliter amounts of the monomer solution. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by grafting different homo-, block-, and multicomponent polymer brushes by using the same activation system and reaction conditions, the polymerization process can be precisely controlled to yield uniform polymers and show high chain-end functionality which is exemplified by in situ tetra-copolymerization. The combination of photolithography and paper cutting enables to prepare arbitrary three-dimensional patterned polymer brushes on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
| | - Bin Li
- Physik DepartmentTUM-Technische Universität MünchenJames-Franck-Straße 185748GarchingGermany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular ChemistryFaculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistrySchool of ScienceTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstr. 401069DresdenGermany
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29
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Szczepaniak G, Fu L, Jafari H, Kapil K, Matyjaszewski K. Making ATRP More Practical: Oxygen Tolerance. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1779-1790. [PMID: 33751886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a well-known technique for the controlled polymerization of vinyl monomers under mild conditions. However, as with any other radical polymerization, ATRP typically requires rigorous oxygen exclusion, making it time-consuming and challenging to use by nonexperts. In this Account, we discuss various approaches to achieving oxygen tolerance in ATRP, presenting the overall progress in the field.Copper-mediated ATRP, which we first discovered in the late 1990s, uses a CuI/L activator that reversibly reacts with the dormant C(sp3)-X polymer chain end, forming a X-CuII/L deactivator and a propagating radical. Oxygen interferes with activation and chain propagation by quenching the radicals and oxidizing the activator. At ATRP equilibrium, the activator is present at a much higher concentration than the propagating radicals. Thus, oxidation of the activator is the dominant inhibition pathway. In conventional ATRP, this reaction is irreversible, so oxygen must be strictly excluded to achieve good results.Over the last two decades, our group has developed several ATRP techniques based on the concept of regenerating the activator. When the oxidized activator is continuously converted back to its active reduced form, then the catalytic system itself can act as an oxygen scavenger. Regeneration can be accomplished by reducing agents and photo-, electro-, and mechanochemical stimuli. This family of methods offers a degree of oxygen tolerance, but most of them can tolerate only a limited amount of oxygen and do not allow polymerization in an open vessel.More recently, we discovered that enzymes can be used in auxiliary catalytic systems that directly deoxygenate the reaction medium and protect the polymerization process. We developed a method that uses glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose, and sodium pyruvate to very effectively scavenge oxygen and enable open-vessel ATRP. By adding a second enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HPR), we managed to extend the role of the auxiliary enzymatic system to generating carbon-based radicals and changed ATRP from an oxygen-sensitive to an oxygen-fueled reaction.While performing control experiments for the enzymatic methods, we noticed that using sodium pyruvate under UV irradiation triggers polymerization without the presence of GOx. This serendipitous discovery allowed us to develop the first oxygen-proof, small-molecule-based, photoinduced ATRP system. It has oxygen tolerance similar to that of the enzymatic methods, exhibits superior compatibility with both aqueous media and organic solvents, and avoids problems associated with purifying polymers from enzymes. The system was able to rapidly polymerize N-isopropylacrylamide, a challenging monomer, with a high degree of control.These contributions have substantially simplified the use of ATRP, making it more practical and accessible to everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hossein Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kriti Kapil
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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30
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Geven M, d'Arcy R, Turhan ZY, El-Mohtadi F, Alshamsan A, Tirelli N. Sulfur-based oxidation-responsive polymers. Chemistry, (chemically selective) responsiveness and biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Dong X, Wang L, He Y, Cui Z, Fu P, Liu M, Qiao X, Shi G, Pang X. Simple and robust nitroxide-mediated polymerization with oxygen tolerance. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00922b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Without traditional degassing operation, the resultant NMP with Dispolreg 007 as the alkoxyamine initiator exhibited similar living and control behavior as the one performed under degassing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linan Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Minying Liu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, P. R. China, 451191
| | - Ge Shi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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32
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Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (Controlled/living radical polymerization): From discovery to materials design and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Moreno A, Sipponen MH. Biocatalytic nanoparticles for the stabilization of degassed single electron transfer-living radical pickering emulsion polymerizations. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5599. [PMID: 33154360 PMCID: PMC7645627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic polymers are indispensable in many different applications, but there is a growing need for green processes and natural surfactants for emulsion polymerization. The use of solid particles to stabilize Pickering emulsions is a particularly attractive avenue, but oxygen sensitivity has remained a formidable challenge in controlled polymerization reactions. Here we show that lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) coated with chitosan and glucose oxidase (GOx) enable efficient stabilization of Pickering emulsion and in situ enzymatic degassing of single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) without extraneous hydrogen peroxide scavengers. The resulting latex dispersions can be purified by aqueous extraction or used to obtain polymer nanocomposites containing uniformly dispersed LNPs. The polymers exhibit high chain-end fidelity that allows for production of a series of well-defined block copolymers as a viable route to more complex architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Moreno
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mika H Sipponen
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Yuan M, Cui X, Zhu W, Tang H. Development of Environmentally Friendly Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1987. [PMID: 32878287 PMCID: PMC7563397 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most successful techniques for the preparation of well-defined polymers with controllable molecular weights, narrow molecular weight distributions, specific macromolecular architectures, and precisely designed functionalities. ATRP usually involves transition-metal complex as catalyst. As the most commonly used copper complex catalyst is usually biologically toxic and environmentally unsafe, considerable interest has been focused on iron complex, enzyme, and metal-free catalysts owing to their low toxicity, inexpensive cost, commercial availability and environmental friendliness. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of iron catalyst used in normal, reverse, AGET, ICAR, GAMA, and SARA ATRP, enzyme as well as metal-free catalyst mediated ATRP in the point of view of catalytic activity, initiation efficiency, and polymerization controllability. The principle of ATRP and the development of iron ligand are briefly discussed. The recent development of enzyme-mediated ATRP, the latest research progress on metal-free ATRP, and the application of metal-free ATRP in interdisciplinary areas are highlighted in sections. The prospects and challenges of these three ATRP techniques are also described in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huadong Tang
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China; (M.Y.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
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35
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Szczepaniak G, Łagodzińska M, Dadashi-Silab S, Gorczyński A, Matyjaszewski K. Fully oxygen-tolerant atom transfer radical polymerization triggered by sodium pyruvate. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8809-8816. [PMID: 34123134 PMCID: PMC8163335 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03179h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATRP (atom transfer radical polymerization) is one of the most robust reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) systems. However, the limited oxygen tolerance of conventional ATRP impedes its practical use in an ambient atmosphere. In this work, we developed a fully oxygen-tolerant PICAR (photoinduced initiators for continuous activator regeneration) ATRP process occurring in both water and organic solvents in an open reaction vessel. Continuous regeneration of the oxidized form of the copper catalyst with sodium pyruvate through UV excitation allowed the chemical removal of oxygen from the reaction mixture while maintaining a well-controlled polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) or methyl acrylate (MA) monomers. The polymerizations of NIPAM were conducted with 250 ppm (with respect to the monomer) or lower concentrations of CuBr2 and a tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine ligand. The polymers were synthesized to nearly quantitative monomer conversions (>99%), high molecular weights (M n > 270 000), and low dispersities (1.16 < Đ < 1.44) in less than 30 min under biologically relevant conditions. The reported method provided a well-controlled ATRP (Đ = 1.16) of MA in dimethyl sulfoxide despite oxygen diffusion from the atmosphere into the reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Szczepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Matylda Łagodzińska
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX13QZ UK
| | - Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Adam Gorczyński
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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36
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Navarro LA, Shah TP, Zauscher S. Grafting To of Bottlebrush Polymers: Conformation and Kinetics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4745-4756. [PMID: 32105081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Specifically adsorbed bottlebrush coatings are found in nature as brush-like glycoproteins that decorate biointerfaces and provide antifouling, lubrication, or wear-protection. Although various synthetic strategies have been developed to mimic glycoprotein structure and function, the use of these mimics is still limited because of the current lack of understanding of their adsorption behavior and surface conformation. In this paper, we examine the adsorption behavior of PEG-based, biotinylated bottlebrushes with different backbone and bristle lengths to streptavidin model surfaces in phosphate-buffered saline. By using quartz crystal microbalance, localized surface plasmon resonance, and atomic force microscopy, we learn how bottlebrush dimensions impact their adsorption kinetics, surface conformation, mechanical properties, and antifouling properties. Our bottlebrushes qualitatively mirror the adsorption behavior of linear polymers and exhibit three kinetic regimes of adsorption: (I) a transport-limited regime, (II) a pause, and (III) a penetration-limited regime. Furthermore, we find that the bristle length more dramatically affects brush properties than the backbone length. Generally, larger bottlebrush dimensions lead to reduced molar adsorption, retarded kinetics, weaker antifouling, and softer brush coatings. Longer bristles also lead to less mass adsorption, while the opposite trend is observed for increasing backbone length. In summary, our findings aid the rational design of new bottlebrush coatings by elucidating how their dimensions impact adsorption, surface conformation, and the properties of the final coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Navarro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tejank P Shah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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37
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Li W, Sheng W, Wegener E, Du Y, Li B, Zhang T, Jordan R. Capillary Microfluidic-Assisted Surface Structuring. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:328-333. [PMID: 35648544 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A facile and universal oxygen-tolerant, capillary microfluidic-derived, controlled radical polymerization for surface structuring (gradient and patterned polymer brushes) is reported. A syringe pump and a filter paper sheet are used as capillary microfluidic to supply the reaction solution (monomer, solvent, and ligand) to a sandwich-shaped setup by placing a flat copper plate onto an ATRP initiator-modified substrate and resulting in gradient polymer brush formation with controlled thickness, steepness, and grafting area, polymers are showing the high chain-end fidelity. Two different polymer brushes (binary polymer brushes) can be simultaneously grown from both ends of the initiator modified substrate by using this method, which can be used to study the interfacial properties of different polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Wegener
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yunhao Du
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bin Li
- Physik Department, TUM - Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 4, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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38
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Flejszar M, Chmielarz P. Surface Modifications of Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) via Polymerization Methods-Current Status and Future Prospects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E999. [PMID: 32102217 PMCID: PMC7078635 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) aimed at applying it as a bone implant material aroused the unflagging interest of the research community. In view of the development of implantology and the growing demand for new biomaterials, increasing biocompatibility and improving osseointegration are becoming the primary goals of PEEK surface modifications. The main aim of this review is to summarize the use of polymerization methods and various monomers applied for surface modification of PEEK to increase its bioactivity, which is a critical factor for successful applications of biomedical materials. In addition, the future directions of PEEK surface modifications are suggested, pointing to low-ppm surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) as a method with unexplored capacity for flat surface modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Chmielarz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
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39
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Layadi A, Kessel B, Yan W, Romio M, Spencer ND, Zenobi-Wong M, Matyjaszewski K, Benetti EM. Oxygen Tolerant and Cytocompatible Iron(0)-Mediated ATRP Enables the Controlled Growth of Polymer Brushes from Mammalian Cell Cultures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3158-3164. [PMID: 31967475 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of zerovalent iron (Fe0)-coated plates, which act both as a source of catalyst and as a reducing agent during surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), enables the controlled growth of a wide range of polymer brushes under ambient conditions utilizing either organic or aqueous reaction media. Thanks to its cytocompatibility, Fe0 SI-ATRP can be applied within cell cultures, providing a tool that can broadly and dynamically modify the substrate's affinity toward cells, without influencing their viability. Upon systematically assessing the application of Fe-based catalytic systems in the controlled grafting of polymers, Fe0 SI-ATRP emerges as an extremely versatile technique that could be applied to tune the physicochemical properties of a cell's microenvironments on biomaterials or within tissue engineering constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Layadi
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich ; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Kessel
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich ; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Matteo Romio
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich ; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland.,Biointerfaces , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 , St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich ; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology , ETH Zürich , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials , ETH Zürich ; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland.,Biointerfaces , Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 , St. Gallen , Switzerland
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40
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Farhat W, Biundo A, Stamm A, Malmström E, Syrén P. Lactone monomers obtained by enzyme catalysis and their use in reversible thermoresponsive networks. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Farhat
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56‐58, 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Protein TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Tomtebodavägen 23, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Antonino Biundo
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56‐58, 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Protein TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Tomtebodavägen 23, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Arne Stamm
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56‐58, 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Protein TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Tomtebodavägen 23, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56‐58, 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterKTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56‐58, 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Per‐Olof Syrén
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56‐58, 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Protein TechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology Tomtebodavägen 23, Box 1031, 171 21 Solna Stockholm Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science CenterKTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56‐58, 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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41
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Heggestad JT, Fontes CM, Joh DY, Hucknall AM, Chilkoti A. In Pursuit of Zero 2.0: Recent Developments in Nonfouling Polymer Brushes for Immunoassays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1903285. [PMID: 31782843 PMCID: PMC6986790 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
"Nonfouling" polymer brush surfaces can greatly improve the performance of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays due to the reduction of nonspecific protein adsorption and consequent improvement of signal-to-noise ratios. The development of synthetic polymer brush architectures that suppress adventitious protein adsorption is reviewed, and their integration into surface plasmon resonance and fluorescent sandwich immunoassay formats is discussed. Also, highlighted is a novel, self-contained immunoassay platform (the D4 assay) that transforms time-consuming laboratory-based assays into a user-friendly and point-of-care format with a sensitivity and specificity comparable or better than standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) directly from unprocessed samples. These advancements clearly demonstrate the utility of nonfouling polymer brushes as a substrate for ultrasensitive and robust diagnostic assays that may be suitable for clinical testing, in field and laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Heggestad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Cassio M Fontes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Daniel Y Joh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Angus M Hucknall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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42
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Seidi F, Zhao W, Xiao H, Jin Y, Saeb MR, Zhao C. Radical polymerization as a versatile tool for surface grafting of thin hydrogel films. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The surface of solid substrates is the main part that interacts with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Sci and Tech
- and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of New Brunswick
- Fredericton
- E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Sci and Tech
- and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives
- Institute for Color Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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43
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Xiong Q, Zhang X, Wei W, Wei G, Su Z. Enzyme-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization for functional materials: principles, synthesis, and applications. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes provide a potential and highly efficient way to mediate the formation of various functional polymer materials with wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Chair of Materials Science (CMS)
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM)
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Jena 07743
- Germany
| | - Wenfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
- China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- 266071 Qingdao
- China
- Faculty of Production Engineering
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- 100029 Beijing
- China
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44
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Li W, Sheng W, Jordan R, Zhang T. Boosting or moderating surface-initiated Cu(0)-mediated controlled radical polymerization with external additives. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01061h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
External additives regulate the copper disproportionation/comproportionation equilibrium to control polymer brush growth in surface-initiated Cu(0)-mediated controlled radical polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
| | - Wenbo Sheng
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry
- School of Science
- Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
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45
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Xia Y, Adibnia V, Shan C, Huang R, Qi W, He Z, Xie G, Olszewski M, De Crescenzo G, Matyjaszewski K, Banquy X, Su R. Synergy between Zwitterionic Polymers and Hyaluronic Acid Enhances Antifouling Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15535-15542. [PMID: 31478669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Challenges associated with nonspecific adsorption of proteins on sensor surfaces have steered the development of novel antifouling materials and strategies. Inspired by human synovial fluid composition and structure, we designed synergistic antifouling coatings with mixtures of hyaluronic acid (HA) and a zwitterionic bottlebrush polymer (BB). Using a fast and convenient online surface modification method, the polymers were immobilized on the Au surface, significantly increasing its hydrophilicity. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a 10:1 ratio of HA to BB was found optimal to provide the best antifouling performance. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption on HA-BB coated surfaces was 0.2 ng/cm2, which was 60 times lower than BB or HA alone and 25 times lower than the commonly accepted ultralow adsorption limit (<5 ng/cm2), demonstrating the synergistic effect of HA and BB against nonspecific protein adsorption. This was found to be independent of BSA concentration up to physiological concentrations. Furthermore, the antifouling performance of HA-BB coated surfaces was tested against milk and serum, showing almost 92% lower protein adsorption than that on bare surfaces, suggesting the potential efficacy of this antifouling coating in real life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Vahid Adibnia
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Université de Montréal , 2900 Édouard-Montpetit , Montreal , Quebec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Cancan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal , P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-Ville , Montreal , Quebec H3C 3A7 , Canada
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry , Carnegie Mellon University , 4400 Fifth Avenue , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Xavier Banquy
- Faculty of Pharmacy , Université de Montréal , 2900 Édouard-Montpetit , Montreal , Quebec H3C 3J7 , Canada
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072 , China
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46
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Zhang L, Wu C, Jung K, Ng YH, Boyer C. An Oxygen Paradox: Catalytic Use of Oxygen in Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16811-16814. [PMID: 31478286 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A peculiar radical polymerization reaction is presented in which oxygen serves as a cocatalyst, alongside triethylamine, to provide activation with light in the far-red (690 nm, 3 mW cm-2 ) of the PET-RAFT process in the presence of zinc(II) (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin) as photocatalyst. Apart from the ability to exert temporal control by switching the light on or off, this system possesses the exciting capability of inducing temporal control by removal or reintroduction of oxygen. Furthermore, this multicomponent catalytic system was typified by controlled polymerizations of various acrylate and acrylamide monomers, which all resulted in well-defined polymers with low dispersity (<1.2). The process displayed excellent living characteristics that were demonstrated through chain extensions and a range of degrees of polymerization (200-1600).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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47
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Zhang L, Wu C, Jung K, Ng YH, Boyer C. An Oxygen Paradox: Catalytic Use of Oxygen in Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Kenward Jung
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Yun Hau Ng
- School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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48
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El Mohtadi F, d'Arcy R, Yang X, Turhan ZY, Alshamsan A, Tirelli N. Main Chain Polysulfoxides as Active 'Stealth' Polymers with Additional Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4583. [PMID: 31533205 PMCID: PMC6770853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the evaluation of a sulfoxide-based polymer (poly(propylene sulfoxide), PPSO) as a potential 'stealth' macromolecule, and at the same time as a pharmacologically active (anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant) material. The combination of these two concepts may at first seem peculiar since the gold standard polymer in biomaterials and drug delivery, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), is 'stealth' due to its chemical and biological inertness, which makes it hardly biologically active. Polysulfoxides, on the contrary, may couple a substantial inertness towards biomolecules under homeostatic conditions, with the possibility to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated to inflammation. Polysulfoxides, therefore, are rather uniquely, 'active' 'stealth' polymers. Here, we describe the synthesis of PPSO through controlled oxidation of poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS), which on its turn was obtained via anionic ring-opening polymerization. In vitro, PPSO was characterized by a low toxicity (IC50 ~7 mg/mL at 24 h on human dermal fibroblasts) and a level of complement activation (in human plasma) and macrophage uptake slightly lower than PEG of a similar size. Importantly, and differently from PEG, on LPS-activated macrophages, PPSO showed a strong and dose-dependent ROS (hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite)-scavenging activity, which resulted in a corresponding reduction of cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah El Mohtadi
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Richard d'Arcy
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Zulfiye Yesim Turhan
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Aws Alshamsan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Nanobiotechnology Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
- Laboratory for Polymers and Biomaterials, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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49
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Oliveira ASR, Mendonça PV, Serra AC, Coelho JFJ. Self‐degassing SARA ATRP mediated by Na
2
S
2
O
4
with no external additives. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S. R. Oliveira
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Coimbra 3030‐790 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Patrícia V. Mendonça
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Coimbra 3030‐790 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Coimbra 3030‐790 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Coimbra 3030‐790 Coimbra Portugal
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50
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Santos WG, Budkina DS, Santagneli SH, Tarnovsky AN, Zukerman-Schpector J, Ribeiro SJL. Ion-Pair Complexes of Pyrylium and Tetraarylborate as New Host-Guest Dyes: Photoinduced Electron Transfer Promoting Radical Polymerization. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7374-7383. [PMID: 31386369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, NOESY-NMR, and EPR spectroscopy shed light on how π-π stacking interactions combined with electrostatic interactions can be used to form stable ion-pair complexes between pyrylium and tetraarylborate ions in which the interaction of the π-delocalized clouds promotes the observation of new radiative processes and also electron transfer processes excitation using visible light. The results exhibit a striking combination of properties, chemical stability and photophysical and photochemical events, that make these ion-pair complexes as a step toward the realization of chromophore/luminescent materials and also their use as a new monophotoinitiator system in radical polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy G Santos
- Institute of Chemistry , São Paulo State University - UNESP , CP 355, Araraquara , SP 14801-970 , Brazil.,Department of Chemistry , Federal University of São Carlos , UFSCar, CP 676, São Carlos , SP 13565-905 , Brazil
| | - Darya S Budkina
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - Silvia H Santagneli
- Institute of Chemistry , São Paulo State University - UNESP , CP 355, Araraquara , SP 14801-970 , Brazil
| | - Alexander N Tarnovsky
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , United States
| | - Julio Zukerman-Schpector
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of São Carlos , UFSCar, CP 676, São Carlos , SP 13565-905 , Brazil
| | - Sidney J L Ribeiro
- Institute of Chemistry , São Paulo State University - UNESP , CP 355, Araraquara , SP 14801-970 , Brazil
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