1
|
Xie G, Guo N, Xue X, Yang Q, Liu X, Li H, Li H, Tao Y, Chen R, Huang W. Resonance-Induced Dynamic Triplet Exciton Population for Photoactivated Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20449-20457. [PMID: 38990700 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Dynamically populating triplet excitons under external stimuli is desired to develop smart optoelectronic materials, but it remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report a resonance-induced excited state regulation strategy to dynamically modulate the triplet exciton population by introducing a self-adaptive N-C═O structure to phosphors. The developed phosphors activated under high-power ultraviolet irradiation exhibited enhanced photoactivated organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (PA-OURTP) with lifetimes of up to ∼500 ms. The enhanced PA-OURTP was ascribed to activated N-C═O resonance variation-induced intersystem crossing to generate excess triplet excitons. The excellent PA-OURTP performance and ultralong deactivation time under ambient conditions of the developed materials could function as a reusable recorded medium for time-sensitive information encryption through optical printing. This study provides an effective approach to dynamically regulating triplet excitons and offers valuable guidance to develop high-performance PA-OURTP materials for security printing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Ningning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xudong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qianxiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Runfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shanxi, Xi'an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Doust Mohammadi M, Bhowmick S, Maisser A, Schmidt-Ott A, Biskos G. Electronic properties and collision cross sections of AgO kH m± ( k, m = 1-4) aerosol ionic clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:14547-14560. [PMID: 38721799 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Experimental evidence shows that hydroxylated metal ions are often produced during cluster synthesis by atmospheric pressure spark ablation. In this work, we predict the ground state equilibrium structures of AgOkHm± clusters (k and m = 1-4), which are readily produced when spark ablating Ag, using the coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD) method. The stabilization energy of these clusters is calculated with respect to the dissociation channel having the lowest energy, by accounting perturbative triples corrections to the CCSD method. The interatomic interactions in each of the systems have been investigated using the frontier molecular orbital (FMO), natural bond orbital (NBO) and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) methods. Many of the ground states of these ionic clusters are found to be stable, corroborating experimental observations. We find that clusters having singlet spin states are more stable in terms of dissociation than the clusters that have doublet or triplet spin states. Our calculations also indicate a strong affinity of the ionic and neutral Ag atom towards water and hydroxyl radicals or ions. Many 3-center, 4-electron (3c/4e) hyperbonds giving rise to more than one resonance structure are identified primarily for the anionic clusters. The QTAIM analysis shows that the O-H and O-Ag bonds in the clusters of both polarities are respectively covalent and ionic. The FMO analysis indicates that the anionic clusters are more reactive than the cationic ones. Using the cluster structures predicted by the CCSD method, we calculate the collision cross sections of the AgOkHm± family, with k and m ranging from 1 to 4, by the trajectory method. In turn, we predict the electrical mobilities of these clusters when suspended in helium at atmospheric pressure and compare them with experimental measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Doust Mohammadi
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - Somnath Bhowmick
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - Anne Maisser
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
| | - Andreas Schmidt-Ott
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
| | - George Biskos
- Climate & Atmosphere Research Centre, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, Nicosia 2121, Cyprus.
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628 CN, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weinhold F, Glendening ED. Natural resonance-theoretic conceptions of extreme electronic delocalization in soft materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2815-2822. [PMID: 38196333 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the broad context of Dalton's atomic hypothesis and subsequent classical vs. quantum understanding of macroscopic materials, we show how Pauling's resonance-type conceptions, as quantified in natural resonance theory (NRT) analysis of modern wavefunctions, can be modified to unify description of interatomic interactions from the Lewis-like limit of localized e-pair covalency in molecules to the extreme delocalized limit of supramolecular "soft matter" aggregation. Such "NRT-centric" integration of NRT bond orders for hard- and soft-matter interactions is illustrated with application to a long-predicted and recently synthesized organometallic sandwich-type complex ("diberyllocene") that exhibits bond orders ranging from the soft limit (bBeC ≈ 0.01) to the typical values (bCC ≈ 1.35) of molecular resonance-covalency in the organic domain, with intermediate value (bBeBe ≈ 0.86) for intermetallic Be⋯Be interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Eric D Glendening
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hua Y, Luo M, Lu Z, Zhang H, Chen D, Xia H. Experimental and theoretical evidences for the formation of transition metal complexes with five coplanar metal-carbon σ bonds. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad325. [PMID: 38226366 PMCID: PMC10789241 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The σ bond is an important concept in chemistry, and the metal-carbon (M-C) σ bond in particular is a central feature in organometallic chemistry. Synthesis of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds is challenging. Here, we describe the synthesis of two different types of stable complexes with five coplanar M-C σ bonds, and examine the stability of such complexes which use rigid conjugated carbon chains to chelate with the metal center. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the M-C σ bonds in these complexes have primarily a covalent character. Besides the σ nature, there are also a π conjugation component among the metal center and carbons, which causes delocalization. This work expanded the coplanar M-C σ bonds to five.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gerbig D, Schreiner PR. Preparation and Spectroscopic Identification of the Cyclic CO 2 Dimer 1,2-Dioxetanedione. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22341-22346. [PMID: 37812656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the preparation and infrared spectroscopic identification of 1,2-dioxetanedione, which is one of the two possible cyclic dimers of carbon dioxide. We prepared this hitherto experimentally incompletely characterized species in a solid nitrogen matrix at 3 K from the reaction of oxalyl dichloride with the urea·hydrogen peroxide complex. Surprisingly, irradiation at 254 nm does not lead to its dissociation into carbon dioxide but rather yields cyclic carbon trioxide. We further assert our spectroscopic assignments by 18O isotopic labeling and high-level N-electron valence state perturbation theory and coupled-cluster computations. The successful isolation of 1,2-dioxetanedione supports its viability as the postulated high-energy intermediate in the well-known and ubiquitously exploited "peroxyoxalate" chemiluminescent system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gerbig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter R Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weinhold F. "Noncovalent Interaction": A Chemical Misnomer That Inhibits Proper Understanding of Hydrogen Bonding, Rotation Barriers, and Other Topics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093776. [PMID: 37175185 PMCID: PMC10179974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We discuss the problematic terminology of "noncovalent interactions" as commonly applied to hydrogen bonds, rotation barriers, steric repulsions, and other stereoelectronic phenomena. Although categorization as "noncovalent" seems to justify classical-type pedagogical rationalizations, we show that these phenomena are irreducible corollaries of the same orbital-level conceptions of electronic covalency and resonance that govern all chemical bonding phenomena. Retention of such nomenclature is pedagogically misleading in supporting superficial dipole-dipole and related "simple, neat, and wrong" conceptions as well as perpetuating inappropriate bifurcation of the introductory chemistry curriculum into distinct "covalent" vs. "noncovalent" modules. If retained at all, the line of dichotomization between "covalent" and "noncovalent" interaction should be re-drawn beyond the range of quantal exchange effects (roughly, at the contact boundary of empirical van der Waals radii) to better unify the pedagogy of molecular and supramolecular bonding phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
An exotic 3-center/4-electron carbon–carbon pi long-bond: Is it tangible? Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-023-02968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
|
8
|
Hong J, Han C, Fei Z, Tang Y, Liu Y, Xu HG, Wang M, Liu H, Xiong XG, Dong C. The additional nitrogen atom breaks the uranyl structure: a combined photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study of NUO 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4794-4802. [PMID: 36692210 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a joint photoelectron spectroscopic and relativistic quantum chemistry study on gaseous NUO2-. The electron affinity (EA) of the neutral NUO2 molecule is reported for the first time with a value of 2.602(28) eV. The U-O and U-N stretching vibrational modes for the ground state and the first excited state are observed for NUO2. The geometric and electronic structures of both the anions and the corresponding neutrals are investigated by relativistic quantum chemistry calculations to interpret the photoelectron spectra and to provide insights into the nature of the chemical bonding. Both the ground state of the anion and neutral are calculated to be planar structures with C2v symmetry. Unlike the "T"-shape structure of UO3 which has a quasi-linear O-U-O angle, both the ground-state geometries of the anion and neutral have O-U-O bond angles of around 90°. The significant contraction of the O-U-O bond angle indicates the strong interaction between the U and N atoms compared with the "additional" oxygen in UO3. The chemical bonding calculation indicates that multiple bonding of U(VI) can occur in NUO2- and NUO2, and the UVI-N bond is significantly more covalent than the U-O bond. The current experimental and theoretical results reveal the difference between the U-N and U-O bond in the unified molecular system, and expand our understanding of the bonding capacities of actinide elements with the nitrogen atom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changcai Han
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zejie Fei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.
| | - Yancheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingqing Wang
- Yankuang New Energy R&D Innovation Centre, Shandong Energy Group Co., LTD, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Gen Xiong
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, P. R. China.
| | - Changwu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Treichel M, Xun R, Williams CF, Gaitor JC, MacMillan SN, Vinskus JL, Womble CT, Kowalewski T, Noonan KJT. Examining the Alkaline Stability of Tris(dialkylamino)sulfoniums and Sulfoxoniums. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15732-15743. [PMID: 36383039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a synthetic method was developed to prepare a series of tris(dialkylamino)sulfonium and sulfoxonium cations from sulfur monochloride. Alkaline stability studies of these two cation families in 2 M KOH/CD3OH solution at 80 °C revealed how degradation pathways change as a function of the oxidation state of the S center, as determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The sulfonium cations (+S(NR2)3) typically degrade by nucleophilic attack at the sulfur atom with loss of an amino group and a proton transfer reaction to produce sulfoxides, while the sulfoxoniums (+O═S(NR2)3) tend to degrade by loss of an R group to form sulfoximines. From the group of sulfoniums and sulfoxoniums explored in this work, the tris(piperidino)sulfoxonium cation was noted to have excellent alkaline stability. This sulfoxonium should be suitable for future examination as a tethered cation in anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), or as a phase-transfer catalyst in biphasic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Treichel
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ruiran Xun
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Camille F Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jamie C Gaitor
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jessica L Vinskus
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - C Tyler Womble
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kevin J T Noonan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Han C, Hong J, Fei Z, Xu HG, Wang M, Xiong XG, Dong C, Liu H. Probing the structures and bonding of Ag/H end-capping acetylene and polyyne, AgC2nH− (n = 1, 2), a combined photoelectron imaging and quantum chemical calculation study. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
11
|
Weinhold F. High-Density “Windowpane” Coordination Patterns of Water Clusters and Their NBO/NRT Characterization. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134218. [PMID: 35807463 PMCID: PMC9268199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster mixture models for liquid water at higher pressures suggest the need for water clusters of higher coordination and density than those commonly based on tetrahedral H-bonding motifs. We show here how proton-ordered water clusters of increased coordination and density can assemble from a starting cyclic tetramer or twisted bicyclic (Möbius-like) heptamer to form extended Aufbau sequences of stable two-, three-, and four-coordinate “windowpane” motifs. Such windowpane clusters exhibit sharply reduced (~90°) bond angles that differ appreciably from the tetrahedral angles of idealized crystalline ice Ih. Computed free energy and natural resonance theory (NRT) bond orders provide quantitative descriptors for the relative stabilities of clusters and strengths of individual coordinative linkages. The unity and consistency of NRT description is demonstrated to extend from familiar supra-integer bonds of the molecular regime to the near-zero bond orders of the weakest linkages in the present H-bond clusters. Our results serve to confirm that H-bonding exemplifies resonance–covalent (fractional) bonding in the sub-integer range and to further discount the dichotomous conceptions of “electrostatics” for intermolecular bonding vs. “covalency” for intramolecular bonding that still pervade much of freshman-level pedagogy and force-field methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weinhold F. Chlorine Dioxide: An Exception that Proves the Rules of Localized Chemical Bonding. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0084739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ natural bond orbital (NBO) and natural resonance theory (NRT) tools to analyze the enigmatic properties of the C2v-symmetric isomer of chlorine dioxide radical (ClO2), whose many challenges to Pauling-type localized bonding concepts were recognized by Linus Pauling himself. Although spin-contamination is minimal in this species, ClO2 exhibits an unusually strong form of "different Lewis structures for different spins" bonding pattern, intrinsically outside the framework of "maximal pairing" concepts. We show how the novel spin-unpaired donor-acceptor interactions lead to weakened bonding in the supramolecular domain of polyradical (ClO2)n homoclusters and aqueous ClO2(H2O)n heteroclusters. Despite feeble binding energies and large inter-radical separations, the polyradical clusters are found to maintain coherent spin patterns in each cluster component, attesting to the quantal donor-acceptor nature of their interactions and the cooperative and anticooperative couplings that govern intra- and intermolecular spin distributions in such spin-clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han C, Xiong XG, Hong J, Yan ST, Fei Z, Liu H, Dong C. Probing the electronic structure and Au-C bonding in AuC 2nH ( n = 4-7) using photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:5039-5047. [PMID: 35143596 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05057e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined experimental and theoretical study on the structures and chemical bonding of AuC2nH (n = 4-7) using photoelectron imaging and quantum chemical calculations. All the ground states of anions and neutral AuC2nH have a linear geometry. The electron affinities (EAs) are measured to be 2.063(5), 2.157(5), 2.220(5), and 2.267(5) eV for AuC2nH, n = 4-7, respectively. The photoelectron imaging data of AuC8H- and AuC10H- reveal major vibrational progressions in the Au-C stretching modes. The ground state stretching frequencies of the titled neutral molecules are 226, 193, 177, and 128 cm-1, respectively. By comparing the experimental β value and theoretical molecular orbital analysis, we confirm that the CAM-B3LYP method is more suitable for describing the properties of such unsaturated long chains organogold clusters. The experimental and CAM-B3LYP methods give a big picture of the trend in EAs of AuC2nH. This shows that the EA value becomes larger with an increase in the carbon chain length, and it also shows a slow increment for larger n. The NRT analysis shows that the change of the Au-C bond order is not obvious as the number of carbon atoms increases, and the covalent character dominates the Au-C chemical bonds in these neutral species. The current study provides a wealth of electronic structure information about long-chain AuC2nH- (n = 4-7) and their corresponding neutral counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changcai Han
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Gen Xiong
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China
| | - Jing Hong
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Ting Yan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zejie Fei
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China.
| | - Changwu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Weinhold F. Anti-Electrostatic Pi-Hole Bonding: How Covalency Conquers Coulombics. Molecules 2022; 27:377. [PMID: 35056689 PMCID: PMC8780338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular bonding attraction at π-bonded centers is often described as "electrostatically driven" and given quasi-classical rationalization in terms of a "pi hole" depletion region in the electrostatic potential. However, we demonstrate here that such bonding attraction also occurs between closed-shell ions of like charge, thereby yielding locally stable complexes that sharply violate classical electrostatic expectations. Standard DFT and MP2 computational methods are employed to investigate complexation of simple pi-bonded diatomic anions (BO-, CN-) with simple atomic anions (H-, F-) or with one another. Such "anti-electrostatic" anion-anion attractions are shown to lead to robust metastable binding wells (ranging up to 20-30 kcal/mol at DFT level, or still deeper at dynamically correlated MP2 level) that are shielded by broad predissociation barriers (ranging up to 1.5 Å width) from long-range ionic dissociation. Like-charge attraction at pi-centers thereby provides additional evidence for the dominance of 3-center/4-electron (3c/4e) nD-π*AX interactions that are fully analogous to the nD-σ*AH interactions of H-bonding. Using standard keyword options of natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, we demonstrate that both n-σ* (sigma hole) and n-π* (pi hole) interactions represent simple variants of the essential resonance-type donor-acceptor (Bürgi-Dunitz-type) attraction that apparently underlies all intermolecular association phenomena of chemical interest. We further demonstrate that "deletion" of such π*-based donor-acceptor interaction obliterates the characteristic Bürgi-Dunitz signatures of pi-hole interactions, thereby establishing the unique cause/effect relationship to short-range covalency ("charge transfer") rather than envisioned Coulombic properties of unperturbed monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang X, Chin RM, Hall MB. Protonating metal-metal bonds: Changing the metal-metal interaction from bonding, to nonbonding, and to antibonding. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
16
|
Liu YT, Li AY. Long-bonding and bonding nature in noble gas insertion compounds MNgBY of transition metal-boron bond. J Mol Model 2021; 27:360. [PMID: 34817695 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The nature of inert gas bonding has always been an important topic. The bonds of noble gases cover the entire range of chemical bonds, from the weakest van der Waals forces, to non-covalent interactions, and to covalent bonds. Two types of methods were used to investigate the properties of chemical bonds in the inert gas inserted compound MNgBY with the transition metal M = Cu/Ag/Au and substituents Y = O/S/NH, one based on orbital analysis and the other based on electron density analysis. The NBO/NRT analysis shows that in these compounds there exists long-bonding striding the noble gas between the transitional metal and boron, similar to the noble gas insertion compounds HNgX of hydrohalide, and so a three-center four-electron bond exists among the M-Ng-B part. The electron density analyses show that the M-Ng bond between the metal Cu/Ag/Au and noble gas and the Ng-B bond in the Cu/Ag compounds are partial covalent but the Ng-B bond in Au compounds is a typical covalent bond. The large relativistic effects of Au cause the bonds in Au compounds shorter and stronger than the bonds in Ag/Cu compounds. The properties of the M-Ng and Ng-B bonds are not affected by substituents Y, but the bond lengths are sensitive to substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - An Yong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y. Response to comment on "Superposition of waves or densities: Which is the nature of chemical resonance?". J Comput Chem 2021; 42:1341-1343. [PMID: 34046913 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
I reply to the comment by Weinhold and Glendening on the article (J. Comput. Chem. 2021, 42, 412). I provide further explanation and an additional numerical example to support my previous assertion that the present form of natural resonance theory is fundamentally flawed, at least within the DFT framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Glendening ED, Weinhold F. Pauling's Conceptions of Hybridization and Resonance in Modern Quantum Chemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:4110. [PMID: 34299384 PMCID: PMC8303469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ the tools of natural bond orbital (NBO) and natural resonance theory (NRT) analysis to demonstrate the robustness, consistency, and accuracy with which Linus Pauling's qualitative conceptions of directional hybridization and resonance delocalization are manifested in all known variants of modern computational quantum chemistry methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Glendening
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA;
| | - Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry and Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Li L, Wu Z, Zhu H, Xie Y, Schaefer HF. Heteroatom (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Effects on the Resonance-Stabilized 2-, 3-, and 4-Picolyl Radicals. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5860-5867. [PMID: 33770433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Important recent experimental studies have allowed the isomer-selective identification of the 2-, 3-, and 4-picolyl radicals. The picolyl radicals and their valence isoelectronic P, As, Sb, and Bi congeners are investigated here. For the three observed parent radicals, the theoretical ionization potentials agree with experiment to within 0.02 eV. Two rules are proposed for predicting vertical ionization potentials (EVIE) and relative energies. The EVIE values for these radicals will be higher when large percentages of the SOMO orbitals are distributed on the atoms with greater electronegativities. The cations of these systems were also studied along with the closed-shell methylpyridines and their P, As, Sb, and Bi analogs. The energies for the cationic species will lie lower when high percentages of π natural localized molecular orbitals occur on the more electronegative atoms. The structures of the 2- and 4-isomers strongly depend upon the heteroatoms, with the C-C linkages adopting a single-double alternating bond manner when the heteroatoms become heavier. The 3-isomers adopt roughly equal C-C bond distances with small changes from N to Bi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Longfei Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huajie Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yaoming Xie
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Weinhold F. Sulfur Tetrahydride and Allied Superhydride Clusters: When Resonance Takes Precedence. Chemistry 2021; 27:6748-6759. [PMID: 33566389 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur offers a variety of bonding surprises compared to the parent oxygen atom of the chalcogen family. In the present work, we employ standard quantum chemistry methods to characterize formation of previously unrecognized sulfur tetrahydride (C4v -symmetric SH4 ) from hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and molecular hydrogen (H2 ) on the ground state potential energy surface. The unusual intramolecular interactions of SH4 defy Lewis-like bonding conceptions, exhibiting the dominance of resonance-type donor-acceptor delocalizations well beyond those of SF4 (C2v sawhorse geometry) and other known tetrahalides. The distressed character of SH4 bonding also leads to exotic intermolecular structural motifs in clusters of pure (SH4 )n and mixed (SH4 ⋅⋅⋅H2 S)n composition. We evaluate structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties for various 2D/3D coordination patterns and discuss how (SH4 ⋅⋅⋅H2 S)n -type building blocks may relate to recent experimental studies of superconductivity in high-pressure materials of "SH3 " stoichiometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang Y. Superposition of waves or densities: Which is the nature of chemical resonance? J Comput Chem 2021; 42:412-417. [PMID: 33314179 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Resonance is a fundamental and widely used concept in chemistry, but there exist two distinct theories of chemical resonance, based on quite different and incompatible premises: the wave-function-based resonance theory (WFRT), assuming the superposition of wave functions, versus the density-matrix-based resonance theory (DMRT), which interprets the resonance phenomenon as the superposition of density matrices. The latter theory, best known to the chemistry community as the natural resonance theory (NRT), has received much more popularity than the WFRT. In this contribution, the DMRT is shown to be inherently inadequate: (i) the exact density matrix expansion is mathematically impossible unless unphysical negative weights are introduced; (ii) any approximate density matrix representing the resonance hybrid lacks the idempotent property. Therefore, the validity of the NRT ansatz should be seriously questioned. The WFRT seems the only reasonable explanation of resonance so far, and has been shown to provide valuable insights into diverse chemical problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang Y. A reliable and efficient resonance theory based on analysis of DFT wave functions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2331-2348. [PMID: 33449982 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06207c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Due to methodological difficulties and limitations of applicability, a quantitative bonding analysis based on the theory of resonance is presently not as convenient and popular as that based on the molecular orbital (MO) methods. Here, we propose an efficient quantitative resonance theory by expanding the DFT wave function in terms of a complete set of Lewis structures. By rigorously separating the resonance subsystem represented by a set of localized MOs, this approach is able to treat large molecules, nonplanar π-conjugate systems, and bonding systems mixing both σ and π electrons. Assessment in 2c-2e systems suggests a new projection-weighted symmetric orthogonalization method to evaluate the weights of resonance contributors, which overcomes the drawbacks of other weighting schemes. Applications to benzene, naphthalene and chlorobenzene show that the present method is insensitive to the basis set employed in the DFT calculations, and to the choices of the independent Lewis set determined by Rumer's rule. Advanced applications to diverse chemical problems provide unique and valuable insights into the understanding of hydrogen bonding, the π substituent effect on benzene, and the mechanism of Diels-Alder reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Varni AJ, Kawakami M, Tristram-Nagle SA, Yaron D, Kowalewski T, Noonan KJT. Design, synthesis, and properties of a six-membered oligofuran macrocycle. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00084e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, the synthesis and properties of an ester-functionalized macrocyclic sexifuran (C6FE) are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manami Kawakami
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | | | - David Yaron
- Department of Chemistry
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu C, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Su J, Song X, Ling H, Liao Y, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Li J. Ta Doping Effect on Structural and Optical Properties of InTe Thin Films. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091887. [PMID: 32967127 PMCID: PMC7558691 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the influence of Ta doping on the structural, transmittance properties, linear absorption parameter, and nonlinear absorption properties of InTe thin films. The as-deposited samples with different Ta doping concentrations were prepared by a magnetron co-sputtering technique and then annealed in nitrogen atmosphere. Structural investigations by X-ray diffraction revealed the tetragonal structure of InTe samples and that the crystallinity decreases with increasing Ta doping concentration. Further structural analysis by Raman spectra also showed good agreement with X-ray diffraction results. The Ta doping concentration and sample thickness determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy increased as Ta dopant increased. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic was carried out to analyze the chemical states of the elements. UV–VIS–NIR transmittance spectra were applied to study the transmittance properties and calculate the linear absorption coefficient. Due to Burstein–Moss effect, the absorption edge moved to shorter wavelengths. Meanwhile, the values of band gap were found to increase from 1.71 ± 0.02 eV to 1.85 ± 0.01 eV with the increase of Ta doping concentration. By performing an open aperture Z-scan technique, we found that all Ta-doped InTe samples exhibited two-photon absorption behaviors. The nonlinear optical absorption parameters, such as modulation depth, two-photon absorption coefficient, and two-photon absorption cross-section, decrease with increasing Ta concentration, whereas the damage threshold increases from 176 ± 0.5 GW/cm2 to 242 ± 0.5 GW/cm2. These novel properties show the potential for applications in traditional optoelectronic devices and optical limiters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Liu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yafei Yuan
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Center for Intelligent Medical Electronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hang Ling
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuanjie Liao
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (C.L.); (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (J.S.); (X.S.); (H.L.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jiao Y, Weinhold F. NBO/NRT Two-State Theory of Bond-Shift Spectral Excitation. Molecules 2020; 25:E4052. [PMID: 32899858 PMCID: PMC7571041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that natural bond orbital (NBO) and natural resonance theory (NRT) analysis methods provide both optimized Lewis-structural bonding descriptors for ground-state electronic properties as well as suitable building blocks for idealized "diabatic" two-state models of the associated spectroscopic excitations. Specifically, in the framework of single-determinant Hartree-Fock or density functional methods for a resonance-stabilized molecule or supramolecular complex, we employ NBO/NRT descriptors of the ground-state determinant to develop a qualitative picture of the associated charge-transfer excitation that dominates the valence region of the electronic spectrum. We illustrate the procedure for the elementary bond shifts of SN2-type halide exchange reaction as well as the more complex bond shifts in a series of conjugated cyanine dyes. In each case, we show how NBO-based descriptors of resonance-type 3-center, 4-electron (3c/4e) interactions provide simple estimates of spectroscopic excitation energy, bond orders, and other vibronic details of the excited-state PES that anticipate important features of the full multi-configuration description. The deep 3c/4e connections to measurable spectral properties also provide evidence for NBO-based estimates of ground-state donor-acceptor stabilization energies (sometimes criticized as "too large" compared to alternative analysis methods) that are also found to be of proper magnitude to provide useful estimates of excitation energies and structure-dependent spectral shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;
| | - Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lätsch L, Lam E, Copéret C. Electronegativity and location of anionic ligands drive yttrium NMR for molecular, surface and solid-state structures. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6724-6735. [PMID: 33033594 PMCID: PMC7504898 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Yttrium is present in various forms in molecular compounds and solid-state structures; it typically provides specific mechanical and optical properties. Hence, yttrium containing compounds are used in a broad range of applications such as catalysis, lasers and optical devices. Obtaining descriptors that can provide access to a detailed structure-property relationship would therefore be a strong base for the rational design of such applications. Towards this goal, 89Y (100% abundant spin ½ nucleus), is associated with a broad range of NMR chemical shifts that greatly depend on the coordination environment of Y, rendering 89Y NMR an attractive method for the characterization of yttrium containing compounds. However, to date, it has been difficult to obtain a direct relationship between 89Y chemical shifts and its coordination environment. Here, we use computational chemistry to model the chemical shift of a broad range of Y(iii) molecular compounds with the goal to reveal the underlying factors that determine the 89Y chemical shift. We show through natural chemical shift (NCS)-analysis that isotropic chemical shifts can easily help to distinguish between different types of ligands solely based on the electronegativity of the central atom of the anionic ligands directly bound to Y(iii). NCS-analysis further demonstrates that the second most important parameter is the degree of pyramidalization of the three anionic ligands imposed by additional neutral ligands. While isotropic chemical shifts can be similar due to compensating effects, investigation of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) enables discriminating between the coordination environment of Y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lätsch
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Erwin Lam
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zürich , Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5 , CH-8093 , Zürich , Switzerland .
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hosseininasab V, McQuilken AC, Bakhoda A(G, Bertke JA, Timerghazin QK, Warren TH. Lewis Acid Coordination Redirects S‐Nitrosothiol Signaling Output. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison C. McQuilken
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | | | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| | - Qadir K. Timerghazin
- Department of Chemistry Marquette University P.O. Box 1881 Milwaukee WI 53201-1881 USA
| | - Timothy H. Warren
- Department of Chemistry Georgetown University Box 571227 Washington DC 20057-1227 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hosseininasab V, McQuilken AC, Bakhoda AG, Bertke JA, Timerghazin QK, Warren TH. Lewis Acid Coordination Redirects S-Nitrosothiol Signaling Output. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10854-10858. [PMID: 32090399 PMCID: PMC7385465 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) serve as air-stable reservoirs for nitric oxide in biology. While copper enzymes promote NO release from RSNOs by serving as Lewis acids for intramolecular electron-transfer, redox-innocent Lewis acids separate these two functions to reveal the effect of coordination on structure and reactivity. The synthetic Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 coordinates to the RSNO oxygen atom, leading to profound changes in the RSNO electronic structure and reactivity. Although RSNOs possess relatively negative reduction potentials, B(C6 F5 )3 coordination increases their reduction potential by over 1 V into the physiologically accessible +0.1 V vs. NHE. Outer-sphere chemical reduction gives the Lewis acid stabilized hyponitrite dianion trans-[LA-O-N=N-O-LA]2- [LA=B(C6 F5 )3 ], which releases N2 O upon acidification. Mechanistic and computational studies support initial reduction to the [RSNO-B(C6 F5 )3 ] radical anion, which is susceptible to N-N coupling prior to loss of RSSR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison C McQuilken
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Abolghasem Gus Bakhoda
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Jeffery A Bertke
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| | - Qadir K Timerghazin
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201-1881, USA
| | - Timothy H Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Box 571227, Washington, DC, 20057-1227, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of Elusive Electrophilic Phosphinidene Complexes with π-Donor N-Heterocyclic Vinyl Substituents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14351-14359. [PMID: 32297512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphinidene complexes of the general formula RPM(CO)n (R = an alkyl or aryl group; M = a transition metal) are electrophilic and thermally unstable. Thus, the isolation of these elusive species for structural elucidations remains a challenge. Herein, we report the first terminal phosphinidene complexes [{(NHC)C(Ph)}P]Fe(CO)4 [NHC = IPr = C{(NDipp)CH}2 for 3; Me-IPr = C{(NDipp)CMe}2 for 4; Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene] as red crystalline solids containing a π-donor N-heterocyclic vinyl (NHV) substituent at the phosphorus atom. Calculations reveal donor-acceptor type bonding between phosphorus and iron atoms in 3 and 4. The P → Fe donation represents ∼70% of the orbital interaction, whereas the Fe → P π-back-donation corresponds to ∼15% of the orbital interaction. The phosphorus atoms in 3 and 4 carry charges of +0.65e and +0.64e, respectively, indicating the electrophilic character of the phosphinidene {(NHC)C(Ph)}P moiety. Accordingly, 3 reacts with an NHC nucleophile (IMe4) to yield the Lewis adduct [{(NHC)C(Ph)}P(IMe4)]Fe(CO)4 (5) [IMe4 = C(NMeCMe)2]. The coordination of an electron-rich NHC (IMe4) to the phosphorus atom in 5 precludes the π-electron density transfer from the NHV to the phosphorus atom. Thus, the CIPr-Cvinyl and Cvinyl-P bonds of 5 become shorter and longer, respectively, compared to those of 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus C4.1, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang G, Su Y, Zou X, Fu L, Song J, Chen D, Sun C. Charge-Shift Bonding in Xenon Hydrides: An NBO/NRT Investigation on HXeY···HX (Y = Cl, Br, I; X = OH, Cl, Br, I, CCH, CN) via H-Xe Blue-Shift Phenomena. Front Chem 2020; 8:277. [PMID: 32391318 PMCID: PMC7191121 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noble-gas bonding represents curiosity. Some xenon hydrides, such as HXeY (Y = Cl, Br, I) and their hydrogen-bonded complexes HXeY···HX (Y = Cl, Br, I; X = OH, Cl, Br, I, CN, CCH), have been identified in matrixes by observing H-Xe frequencies or its monomer-to-complex blue shifts. However, the H-Xe bonding in HXeY is not yet completely understood. Previous theoretical studies provide two answers. The first one holds that it is a classical covalent bond, based on a single ionic structure H-Xe+ Y-. The second one holds that it is resonance bonding between H-Xe+ Y- and H- Xe+-Y. This study investigates the H-Xe bonding, via unusual blue-shifted phenomena, combined with some NBO/NRT calculations for chosen hydrogen-bonded complexes HXeY···HX (Y = Cl, Br, I; X = OH, Cl, Br, I, CN, CCH). This study provides new insights into the H-Xe bonding in HXeY. The H-Xe bond in HXeY is not a classical covalent bond. It is a charge-shift (CS) bond, a new class of electron-pair bonds, which is proposed by Shaik and Hiberty et al. The unusual blue shift in studied hydrogen-bonded complexes is its H-Xe CS bonding character in IR spectroscopy. It is expected that these studies on the H-Xe bonding and its IR spectroscopic property might assist the chemical community in accepting this new-class electron-pair bond concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chuanzhi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Suzuki A, Mutoh Y, Tsuchida N, Fung CW, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I, Saito S. Synthesis and Systematic Structural Analysis of Cationic Half-Sandwich Ruthenium Chalcogenocarbonyl Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:3795-3802. [PMID: 31925839 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Although the chemistry of transition-metal complexes with carbonyl (CO) and thiocarbonyl (CS) ligands has been well developed, their heavier analogues, namely selenocarbonyl (CSe) and tellurocarbonyl (CTe) complexes remain scarce. The limited availability of such CSe and CTe complexes has so far hampered our understanding of the differences between such chalcogenocarbonyl (CE: E=O, S, Se, Te) ligands. Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of a series of cationic half-sandwich ruthenium CE complexes of the type [CpRu(CE)(H2 IMes)(CNCH2 Ts)][BArF 4 ] (Cp=η5 -C5 H5 - ; H2 IMes=1,3-dimesitylimidazolin-2-ylidene; ArF =3,5-(CF3 )2 C6 H3 ). A combination of X-ray diffraction analyses, NMR spectroscopic analyses, and DFT calculations revealed an increasing π-accepting ability of the CE ligands in the order O<S<Se<Te. A variable-temperature NMR analysis of the thus obtained chiral-at-metal CE complexes indicated high stereochemical stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Mutoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuchida
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Chi-Wai Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Shoko Kikkawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-3 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-3 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
We evaluate the three-centre two-electron (3c-2e) bonds using atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) theoretical analyses. They have been classified as ‘open (V)’ or ‘closed (Δ)’, depending on how the three centres were bonded. Herein, we show that they could be classified as V, L, Δ, Y, T and I (linear) arrangements depending on the way the three centres are bonded. These different structures are found in B2H6 (V), CH5+ (V), Me-C2H2+ (L), B3+ (Δ), C3H3+ (Δ), H3+ (Y), 2-norbornyl+ (T), SiH5+ (T), and Al2H7− (I). Our results suggest that CH3Li2+ does not contain a 3c-2e bond according to NBO analysis. Therefore, we propose that 3c-2e bonds are classified more accurately as V, L, Δ, Y, T, or I, based on the electron density topology.
Collapse
|
34
|
Das R, Vázquez-Montelongo EA, Cisneros GA, Wu JI. Ground State Destabilization in Uracil DNA Glycosylase: Let's Not Forget "Tautomeric Strain" in Substrates. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13739-13743. [PMID: 31434485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes like uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) can achieve ground state destabilization, by polarizing substrates to mimic rare tautomers. On the basis of computed nucleus independent chemical shifts, NICS(1)zz, and harmonic oscillator model of electron delocalization (HOMED) analyses, of quantum mechanics (QM) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) models of the UDG active site, uracil is strongly polarized when bound to UDG and resembles a tautomer >12 kcal/mol higher in energy. Natural resonance theory (NRT) analyses identified a dominant O2 imidate resonance form for residue bound 1-methyl-uracil. This "tautomeric strain" raises the energy of uracil, making uracilate a better than expected leaving group. Computed gas-phase SN2 reactions of free and hydrogen bonded 1-methyl-uracil demonstrate the relationship between the degree of polarization in uracil and the leaving group ability of uracilate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjita Das
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204 , United States
| | | | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Texas , Denton , Texas 76201 , United States
| | - Judy I Wu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Houston , Houston , Texas 77204 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Glendening ED, Landis CR, Weinhold F. NBO 7.0: New vistas in localized and delocalized chemical bonding theory. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2234-2241. [PMID: 31172571 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We briefly outline some leading features of the newest version, NBO 7.0, of the natural bond orbital (NBO) wavefunction analysis program. Major extensions include: (1) a new NPEPA module implementing Karafiloglou's "polyelectron population analysis" in the NBO framework; (2) new RDM2 program infrastructure for describing electron correlation effects based on full evaluation of the second-order reduced density matrix; (3) improved convex-solver implementation of natural resonance theory (NRT), allowing a greatly expanded range of applications and associated "resonance NBO" (RNBO) visualization of chemical reactivity; (4) a variety of other improvements in well-established NBO algorithms. We also provide brief introduction to the new NBOPro@Jmol utility program, a plugin to the Jmol chemical structure viewer that serves as a convenient tool to provide on-demand NBO descriptors or orbital visualizations for a broad variety of chemical inquiries in research or classroom applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Glendening
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, 47809
| | - Clark R Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Frank Weinhold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jiao Y, Weinhold F. What Is the Nature of Supramolecular Bonding? Comprehensive NBO/NRT Picture of Halogen and Pnicogen Bonding in RPH 2···IF/FI Complexes (R = CH 3, OH, CF 3, CN, NO 2). Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112090. [PMID: 31159347 PMCID: PMC6600247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ a variety of natural bond orbital (NBO) and natural resonance theory (NRT) tools to comprehensively investigate the nature of halogen and pnicogen bonding interactions in RPH2···IF/FI binary complexes (R = CH3, OH, CF3, CN, and NO2) and the tuning effects of R-substituents. Though such interactions are commonly attributed to “sigma-hole”-type electrostatic effects, we show that they exhibit profound similarities and analogies to the resonance-type 3-center, 4-electron (3c/4e) donor-acceptor interactions of hydrogen bonding, where classical-type “electrostatics” are known to play only a secondary modulating role. The general 3c/4e resonance perspective corresponds to a continuous range of interatomic A···B bond orders (bAB), spanning both the stronger “covalent” interactions of the molecular domain (say, bAB ≥ ½) and the weaker interactions (bAB ˂ ½, often misleadingly termed “noncovalent”) that underlie supramolecular complexation phenomena. We show how a unified NBO/NRT-based description of hydrogen, halogen, pnicogen, and related bonding yields an improved predictive utility and intuitive understanding of empirical trends in binding energies, structural geometry, and other measurable properties that are expected to be manifested in all such supramolecular interaction phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
| | - Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Glendening ED, Wright SJ, Weinhold F. Efficient optimization of natural resonance theory weightings and bond orders by gram-based convex programming. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2028-2035. [PMID: 31077408 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We describe the formal algorithm and numerical applications of a novel convex quadratic programming (QP) strategy for performing the variational minimization that underlies natural resonance theory (NRT). The QP algorithm vastly improves the numerical efficiency, thoroughness, and accuracy of variational NRT description, which now allows uniform treatment of all reference structures at the high level of detail previously reserved only for leading "reference" structures, with little or no user guidance. We illustrate overall QPNRT search strategy, program I/O, and numerical results for a specific application to adenine, and we summarize more extended results for a data set of 338 species from throughout the organic, bioorganic, and inorganic domain. The improved QP-based implementation of NRT is a principal feature of the newly released NBO 7.0 program version. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Glendening
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, 47809
| | - Stephen J Wright
- Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| | - Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sharma MK, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Andrada DM, Ghadwal RS. Electrophilic terminal arsinidene-iron(0) complexes with a two-coordinated arsenic atom. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14669-14672. [PMID: 31746858 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic arsinidene complexes 5 and 6 featuring a two-coordinated arsenic atom have been isolated as crystalline solids. Complex 5 readily reacts with an NHC nucleophile (IMe4) to give the Lewis adduct 7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K. Sharma
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie
- Universität des Saarlandes
- D-66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Centrum für Molekulare Materialien
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
| |
Collapse
|