1
|
Alniss HY, Kemp BM, Holmes E, Hoffmann J, Ploch RM, Ramadan WS, Msallam YA, Al-Jubeh HM, Madkour MM, Celikkaya BC, Scott FJ, El-Awady R, Parkinson JA. Spectroscopic, biochemical and computational studies of bioactive DNA minor groove binders targeting 5'-WGWWCW-3' motif. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107414. [PMID: 38733748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, biochemical, and computational modelling studies have been used to assess the binding capability of a set of minor groove binding (MGB) ligands against the self-complementary DNA sequences 5'-d(CGCACTAGTGCG)-3' and 5'-d(CGCAGTACTGCG)-3'. The ligands were carefully designed to target the DNA response element, 5'-WGWWCW-3', the binding site for several nuclear receptors. Basic 1D 1H NMR spectra of the DNA samples prepared with three MGB ligands show subtle variations suggestive of how each ligand associates with the double helical structure of both DNA sequences. The variations among the investigated ligands were reflected in the line shape and intensity of 1D 1H and 31P-{1H} NMR spectra. Rapid visual inspection of these 1D NMR spectra proves to be beneficial in providing valuable insights on MGB binding molecules. The NMR results were consistent with the findings from both UV DNA denaturation and molecular modelling studies. Both the NMR spectroscopic and computational analyses indicate that the investigated ligands bind to the minor grooves as antiparallel side-by-side dimers in a head-to-tail fashion. Moreover, comparisons with results from biochemical studies offered valuable insights into the mechanism of action, and antitumor activity of MGBs in relation to their structures, essential pre-requisites for future optimization of MGBs as therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Y Alniss
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bryony M Kemp
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holmes
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanna Hoffmann
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Rafal M Ploch
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousef A Msallam
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadeel M Al-Jubeh
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moustafa M Madkour
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bekir C Celikkaya
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Fraser J Scott
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - John A Parkinson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen XR, Jiang WJ, Guo QH, Liu XY, Cui G, Li L. Theoretical insights into the photophysics of an unnatural base Z: A MS-CASPT2 investigation. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:380-392. [PMID: 38041414 DOI: 10.1111/php.13884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
We have employed the highly accurate multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2) method to investigate the photoinduced excited state relaxation properties of one unnatural base, namely Z. Upon excitation to the S2 state of Z, the internal conversion to the S1 state would be dominant. From the S1 state, two intersystem crossing paths leading to the T2 and T1 states and one internal conversion path to the S0 state are possible. However, considering the large barrier to access the S1 /S0 conical intersection and the strong spin-orbit coupling between S1 and T2 states (>40 cm-1 ), the intersystem crossing to the triplet manifolds is predicted to be more preferred. Arriving at the T2 state, the internal conversion to the T1 state and the intersystem crossing back to the S1 state are both possible considering the S1 /T2 /T1 three-state intersection near the T2 minimum. Upon arrival at the T1 state, the deactivation to S0 can be efficient after overcoming a small barrier to access T1 /S0 crossing point, where the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is as large as 39.7 cm-1 . Our present work not only provides in-depth insights into the photoinduced process of unnatural base Z, but can also help the future design of novel unnatural bases with better photostability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Jun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Hong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Laicai Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weng J, Yang S, Shen J, Liu H, Xu Y, Hao D, Wang S. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals DNA-specific recognition mechanism via c-Myb in pseudo-palindromic consensus of mim-1 promoter. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:883-895. [PMID: 37752090 PMCID: PMC10522569 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to gain insight into the DNA-specific recognition mechanism of c-Myb transcription factor during the regulation of cell early differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we chose the chicken myeloid gene, mitochondrial import protein 1 (mim-1), as a target to study the binding specificity between potential dual-Myb-binding sites. The c-Myb-binding site in mim-1 is a pseudo-palindromic sequence AACGGTT, which contains two AACNG consensuses. Simulation studies in different biological scenarios revealed that c-Myb binding with mim-1 in the forward strand (complex F) ismore stable than that inthereverse strand (complex R). The principal component analysis (PCA) dynamics trajectory analyses suggested an opening motion of the recognition helices of R2 and R3 (R2R3), resulting in the dissociation of DNA from c-Myb in complex R at 330 K, triggered by the reduced electrostatic potential on the surface of R2R3. Furthermore, the DNA confirmation and hydrogen-bond interaction analyses indicated that the major groove width of DNA increased in complex R, which affected on the hydrogen-bond formation ability between R2R3 and DNA, and directly resulted in the dissociation of DNA from R2R3. The steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulation studies also suggested that the electrostatic potential, major groove width, and hydrogen bonds made major contribution to the DNA-specific recognition. In vitro trials confirmed the simulation results that c-Myb specifically bound to mim-1 in the forward strand. This study indicates that the three-dimensional (3D) structure features play an important role in the DNA-specific recognition mechanism by c-Myb besides the AACNG consensuses, which is beneficial to understanding the cell early differentiation and proliferation regulated by c-Myb, as well as the prediction of novel c-Myb-binding motifs in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Weng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinkang Shen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hongsen Liu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yuzi Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Dongyun Hao
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dohmen C, Ihmels H. Switching between DNA binding modes with a photo- and redox-active DNA-targeting ligand, part II: the influence of the substitution pattern. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37401249 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00879g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
A disulfide-functionalized photoactive DNA ligand is presented that enables the control of its DNA-binding properties by a combination of a photocycloaddition reaction and the redox reactivity of the sulfide/disulfide functionalities. In particular, the initially applied ligand binds to DNA by a combination of intercalation and groove-binding of separate benzo[b]quinolizinium units. The association to DNA is interrupted by an intramolecular [4 + 4] photocycloaddition to the non-binding head-to-head cyclomers. In turn, the subsequent cleavage of these cyclomers with dithiothreitol (DTT) regains temporarily a DNA-intercalating benzoquinolizinium ligand that is eventually converted into a non-binding benzothiophene. As a special feature, this sequence of controlled deactivation, recovery and internal shut-off of DNA-binding properties can be performed directly in the presence of DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dohmen
- Department of Chemistry - Biology, University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry - Biology, University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Negi I, Singh B, Singh Mahmi A, Sharma P. Structural Properties of Hachimoji Nucleic Acids and Their Building Blocks: Comparison of Genetic Systems with Four, Six and Eight Alphabets. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200714. [PMID: 36315394 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of the genetic alphabet is an ambitious goal. A recent breakthrough has led to the eight-base (hachimoji) genetics having canonical and unnatural bases. However, very little is known on the molecular-level features that facilitate the candidature of unnatural bases as genetic alphabets. Here we amalgamated DFT calculations and MD simulations to analyse the properties of the constituents of hachimoji DNA and RNA. DFT reveals the dominant syn conformation for isolated unnatural deoxyribonucleosides and at the 5'-end of oligonucleotides, although an anti/syn mixture is predicted at the nonterminal and 3'-terminal positions. However, isolated ribonucleotides prefer an anti/syn mixture, but mostly prefer anti conformation at the nonterminal positions. Further, the canonical base pairing combinations reveals significant strength, which may facilitate replication of hachimoji DNA. We also identify noncanonical base pairs that can better tolerate the substitution of unnatural pairs in RNA. Stacking strengths of 51 dimers reveals higher average stacking stabilization of dimers of hachimoji bases than canonical bases, which provides clues for choosing energetically stable sequences. A total of 14.4 μs MD simulations reveal the influence of solvent on the properties of hachimoji oligonucleotides and point to the likely fidelity of replication of hachimoji DNA. Our results pinpoint the features that explain the experimentally observed stability of hachimoji DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Negi
- Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Bimaldeep Singh
- Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Amanpreet Singh Mahmi
- Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Purshotam Sharma
- Computational Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dohmen C, Ihmels H. Switching between DNA binding modes with a photo- and redox-active DNA-targeting ligand. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1958-1966. [PMID: 36762516 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00013c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A disulfide-functionalized bis-benzo[b]quinolizinium is presented that is transformed quantitatively into its cyclomers in a fast intramolecular [4 + 4] photocycloaddition. Both the bis-quinolizinium and the photocyclomers react with glutathione (GSH) or dithiothreitol (DTT) to give 9-(sulfanylmethyl)benzo[b]quinolizinium as the only product. As all components of this reaction sequence have different DNA-binding properties, it enables the external control and switching of DNA association. Hence, the bis-benzo[b]quinolizinium binds strongly to DNA and is deactivated upon photocycloaddition to the non-binding cyclomers. In turn, the subsequent cleavage of the cyclomers with DTT regains a DNA-intercalating benzoquinolizinium ligand. Notably, this sequence of controlled deactivation and recovery of DNA-binding properties can be performed directly in the presence of DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dohmen
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, and Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu L, Liu K, Ren G, Liang J, Wu Y. Progress in DNA Aptamers as Recognition Components for Protein Functional Regulation. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Soost D, Bringmann G, Ihmels H. Towards an understanding of the biological activity of naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids: DNA-binding properties of dioncophyllines A, B, and C. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dioncophylline A and B bind to duplex DNA in a half-intercalation binding mode and to abasic site-containing DNA by insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Soost
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bringmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry – Biology, University of Siegen, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068 Siegen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sarkar S, Singh PC. Sequence specific hydrogen bond of DNA with denaturants affects its stability: Spectroscopic and simulation studies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129735. [PMID: 32946929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several different small molecules have been used to target the DNA helix in order to treat the diseases caused by its mutation. Guanidinium(Gdm+) and urea based drugs have been used for the diseases related to central nervous system, also as the anti-inflammatory and chemotherapeutic agent. However, the role of Gdm+ and urea in the stabilization/destabilization of DNA is not well understood. METHODS Spectroscopic techniques along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation have been performed on different sequences of DNA in the presence of guanidinium chloride (GdmCl) and urea to decode the binding of denaturants with DNA and the role of hydrogen bond with the different regions of DNA in its stability/destability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Our study reveals that, Gdm+ of GdmCl and urea both intrudes into the groove region of DNA along with the interaction with its phosphate backbone. However, interaction of Gdm+ and urea with the nucleobases in the groove region is different. Gdm+ forms the intra-strand hydrogen bond with the central region of the both sequences of DNA whereas inter-strand hydrogen bond along with water assisted hydrogen bond takes place in the case of urea. The intra-strand hydrogen bond formation capability of Gdm+ with the nucleobases in the minor groove of DNA decreases its groove width which probably causes the stabilization of B-DNA in GdmCl. In contrast, the propensity of the formation of inter-strand hydrogen bond of urea with the nucleobases in the groove region of DNA without affecting the groove width destabilizes B-DNA as compared to GdmCl. This study depicts that the opposite effect of GdmCl and urea on the stability is a general property of B-DNA. However, the extent of stabilization/destabilization of DNA in Gdm+ and urea depend on its sequence probably due to the difference in the intra/inter-strand hydrogen bonding with different bases present in both the sequences of DNA. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The information obtained from this study will be useful for the designing of Gdm+ based drug molecule which can target the DNA more specifically and selectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunipa Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 70032, India
| | - Prashant Chandra Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 70032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Zhang M, Wang H, Wu J, Zheng R, Zhang J, Li Y, Wang Z, Dai Z. Sensitive determination of formamidopyrimidine DNA glucosylase based on phosphate group-modulated multi-enzyme catalysis and fluorescent copper nanoclusters. Analyst 2020; 145:5174-5179. [PMID: 32613972 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00928h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a method for quantifying the activity of formamidopyrimidine DNA glucosylase (Fpg) was designed based on phosphate group (P)-modulated multi-enzyme catalysis and fluorescent copper nanoclusters (CuNCs). By eliminating 8-oxoguanine from double-stranded DNA, Fpg generates a nick with P at both 3' and 5' termini. Subsequently, part of the DNA is digested by 5'P-activated lambda exonuclease (λ Exo), and the generated 3'P disables exonuclease I (Exo I), resulting in the generation of single-stranded DNA containing poly(thymine) (poly(T)). Using poly(T) as templates, CuNCs were prepared to emit intense fluorescence as the readout of this method. However, in the absence of Fpg, the originally modified 5'P triggers the digestion of λ Exo. In this case, fluorescence emission is not obtained because CuNCs cannot be formed without DNA templates. Therefore, the catalysis of λ Exo and Exo I can be tuned by 5'P and 3'P, which can be further used to determine the activity of Fpg. The fluorescent Fpg biosensor works in a "signal-on" manner with the feature of "zero" background noise, and thus shows desirable analytical features and good performance. Besides, Fpg in serum samples and cell lysate could be accurately detected with the biosensor, indicating the great value of the proposed system in practical and clinical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sarkar S, Singh PC. Alteration of the groove width of DNA induced by the multimodal hydrogen bonding of denaturants with DNA bases in its grooves affects their stability. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|