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Hu J, Xiang Q, Tian X, Ye L, Wang Y, Ni Y, Chen X, Liu Y, Chen G, Sun Z. S-Shaped Helical Singlet Diradicaloid and Its Transformation to Circumchrysene via a Two-Stage Cyclization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10321-10330. [PMID: 38567901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic hydrocarbons with diradical and polyradical characters usually display unique reactivities in ring-cyclization reactions. However, such reactions are rarely used to construct π-extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we describe the synthesis of an S-shaped doubly helical singlet diradicaloid compound and its facile transformation into an unprecedented circumchrysene via a two-stage ring cyclization, which includes: (1) an eletrocylization from diradicaloid precursor and (2) a Scholl reaction. The reaction mechanism was investigated through in situ spectroscopic studies, assisted by theoretical calculations. This reaction sequence yields an optically resolved π-extended [5]helicene derivative with a fluorescence quantum yield up to 85% and a circularly polarized luminescence brightness up to 6.05 M-1 cm-1 in the far-red to near-infrared regions. This sequence also yielded a highly delocalized circumchrysene molecule, exhibiting large electron delocalization, moderate fluorescence quantum yield, and multistage redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Hu
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tian
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Qiu Z, Zhang X, Chen J, Li J, Narita A, Müllen K, Palma CA. Hydrogenation of Hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronene: An Entry to Nanographanes and Nanodiamonds. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18832-18842. [PMID: 37729013 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of atomically precise nanographanes is a largely unexplored frontier in carbon-sp3 nanomaterials, enabling potential applications in phononics, photonics and electronics. One strategy is the hydrogenation of prototypical nanographene monolayers and multilayers under vacuum conditions. Here, we study the interaction of atomic hydrogen, generated by a hydrogen source and hydrogen plasma, with hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene on gold using integrated time-of-flight mass spectrometry, scanning tunneling microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Density functional tight-binding molecular dynamics is employed to rationalize the conversion to sp3 carbon atoms. The resulting hydrogenation of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene molecules is demonstrated computationally and experimentally, and the potential for atomically precise hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-derived nanodiamond fabrication is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zishu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Yu X, Fu S, Mandal M, Yao X, Liu Z, Zheng W, Samorì P, Narita A, Müllen K, Andrienko D, Bonn M, Wang HI. Tuning Interfacial Charge Transfer in Atomically Precise Nanographene-Graphene Heterostructures by Engineering van der Waals Interactions. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074702. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yu
- Max-Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Germany
| | | | | | - Xuelin Yao
- Max-Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Germany
| | | | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max-Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Germany
| | | | - Akimitsu Narita
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Japan
| | | | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Max-Plank Institute for Polymer Research, Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Molecular spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Germany
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4
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Paternò GM, Chen Q, Muñoz-Mármol R, Guizzardi M, Bonal V, Kabe R, Barker AJ, Boj PG, Chatterjee S, Ie Y, Villalvilla JM, Quintana JA, Scotognella F, Müllen K, Díaz-García MA, Narita A, Lanzani G. Excited states engineering enables efficient near-infrared lasing in nanographenes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:393-402. [PMID: 34605501 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh00846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The spectral overlap between stimulated emission (SE) and absorption from dark states (i.e. charges and triplets) especially in the near-infrared (NIR), represents one of the most effective gain loss channels in organic semiconductors. Recently, bottom-up synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanostructures, or nanographenes (NGs), has opened a new route for the development of environmentally and chemically stable materials with optical gain properties. However, also in this case, the interplay between gain and absorption losses has hindered the attainment of efficient lasing action in the NIR. Here, we demonstrate that the introduction of two fluoranthene imide groups to the NG core leads to a more red-shifted emission than the precursor NG molecule (685 vs. 615 nm) and also with a larger Stokes shift (45 nm vs. 2 nm, 1026 cm-1vs. 53 cm-1, respectively). Photophysical results indicate that, besides the minimisation of ground state absorption losses, such substitution permits to suppress the detrimental excited state absorption in the NIR, which likely arises from a dark state with charge-transfer character and triplets. This has enabled NIR lasing (720 nm) from all-solution processed distributed feedback devices with one order of magnitude lower thresholds than those of previously reported NIR-emitting NGs. This study represents an advance in the field of NGs and, in general, organic semiconductor photonics, towards the development of cheap and stable NIR lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe M Paternò
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Pascoli 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Rafael Muñoz-Mármol
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Michele Guizzardi
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Víctor Bonal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Ryota Kabe
- Organic Optoelectronics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Alexander J Barker
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Pascoli 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Pedro G Boj
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Shreyam Chatterjee
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - José M Villalvilla
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - José A Quintana
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Francesco Scotognella
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - María A Díaz-García
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Guglielmo Lanzani
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Pascoli 10, 20133, Milano, Italy.
- Physics Department, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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5
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Qiu Z, Narita A, Müllen K. Spiers Memorial Lecture. Carbon nanostructures by macromolecular design - from branched polyphenylenes to nanographenes and graphene nanoribbons. Faraday Discuss 2021; 227:8-45. [PMID: 33290471 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are unique connectors between the domains of 1D-conjugated polymers and 2D-graphenes. They can be synthesized with high precision by oxidative flattening processes from dendritic or branched 3D-polyphenylene precursors. Their size, shape and edge type enable not only accurate control of classical (opto)electronic properties, but also access to unprecedented high-spin structures and exotic quantum states. NGs and GNRs serve as active components of devices such as field-effect transistors and as ideal objects for nanoscience. This field of research includes their synthesis after the deposition of suitable monomers on surfaces. An additional advantage of this novel concept is in situ monitoring of the reactions by scanning tunnelling microscopy and electronic characterization of the products by scanning tunnelling spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, Germany.
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6
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Dillenburger M, Qiu Z, Ju CW, Müller B, Morsbach S, Schollmeyer D, Narita A, Müllen K. From Hexaphenylbenzene to 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexacyclohexylcyclohexane. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12916-12920. [PMID: 32668154 PMCID: PMC7458423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of hexaphenylbenzene was studied, affording novel partially hydrogenated hexacyclohexylbenzene (HCB) as well as fully hydrogenated 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexacyclohexylcyclohexane (HCC) as an unprecedented "oligocyclohexyl" molecule. The reaction process was analyzed by mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and high-performance liquid chromatography. From a crude product mixture, two different crystals with flake- and block-shapes could be grown and analyzed by X-ray crystallography, revealing their structures as HCB and HCC. While a geared arrangement of cyclohexyl substitutes was found in HCB, two isomeric structures were identified in HCC crystal with chair and twist-boat conformations of the central cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Dillenburger
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- College
of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Beate Müller
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Duesbergweg 10-14, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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7
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Ogawa N, Yamaoka Y, Takikawa H, Yamada KI, Takasu K. Helical Nanographenes Embedded with Contiguous Azulene Units. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13322-13327. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yousuke Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yamada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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