1
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Patel R, Colmenares S, Webb MA. Sequence Patterning, Morphology, and Dispersity in Single-Chain Nanoparticles: Insights from Simulation and Machine Learning. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023; 3:284-294. [PMID: 37334192 PMCID: PMC10273411 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are intriguing materials inspired by proteins that consist of a single precursor polymer chain that has collapsed into a stable structure. In many prospective applications, such as catalysis, the utility of a single-chain nanoparticle will intricately depend on the formation of a mostly specific structure or morphology. However, it is not generally well understood how to reliably control the morphology of single-chain nanoparticles. To address this knowledge gap, we simulate the formation of 7680 distinct single-chain nanoparticles from precursor chains that span a wide range of, in principle, tunable patterning characteristics of cross-linking moieties. Using a combination of molecular simulation and machine learning analyses, we show how the overall fraction of functionalization and blockiness of cross-linking moieties biases the formation of certain local and global morphological characteristics. Importantly, we illustrate and quantify the dispersity of morphologies that arise due to the stochastic nature of collapse from a well-defined sequence as well as from the ensemble of sequences that correspond to a given specification of precursor parameters. Moreover, we also examine the efficacy of precise sequence control in achieving morphological outcomes in different regimes of precursor parameters. Overall, this work critically assesses how precursor chains might be feasibly tailored to achieve given SCNP morphologies and provides a platform to pursue future sequence-based design.
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2
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Progress in polymer single-chain based hybrid nanoparticles. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Chen C, Weil T. Cyclic polymers: synthesis, characteristics, and emerging applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1121-1135. [PMID: 35938292 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic polymers with a ring-like topology and no chain ends are a unique class of macromolecules. In the past several decades, significant advances have been made to prepare these fascinating polymers, which allow for the exploration of their topological effects and potential applications in various fields. In this Review, we first describe representative synthetic strategies for making cyclic polymers and their derivative topological polymers with more complex structures. Second, the unique physical properties and self-assembly behavior of cyclic polymers are discussed by comparing them with their linear analogues. Special attention is paid to highlight how polymeric rings can assemble into hierarchical macromolecular architectures. Subsequently, representative applications of cyclic polymers in different fields such as drug and gene delivery and surface functionalization are presented. Last, we envision the following key challenges and opportunities for cyclic polymers that may attract future attention: large-scale synthesis, efficient purification, programmable folding and assembly, and expansion of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojian Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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4
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Fan W, Chen F, Li M. Preparation of spiro-shaped multicyclic polymer by combination of ATRP, CuAAC and photo-induced coupling. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Zhu Y, Liu P, Zhang J, Hu J, Zhao Y. Facile synthesis of monocyclic, dumbbell-shaped and jellyfish-like copolymers using a telechelic multisite hexablock copolymer. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A heterofunctional hexablock copolymer comprising alternating reactive and non-reactive blocks is designed to generate cyclic, dumbbell-shaped and jellyfish-like copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingsheng Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiaman Hu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials Design and Synthesis for Biomedical Function, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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6
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Xu W, Zheng Y, Pan P. Crystallization‐driven self‐assembly of semicrystalline block copolymers and end‐functionalized polymers: A minireview. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou Quzhou China
| | - Pengju Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
- Institute of Zhejiang University—Quzhou Quzhou China
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7
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Gauthier-Jaques M, Mutlu H, Theato P. Cage-Shaped Polymers Synthesis: A Comprehensive State-of-the-Art. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100760. [PMID: 34894371 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have dedicated their efforts for the creation of a wide choice of complex and precise macromolecular architectures over the past 100 years. Among them, cyclic polymers benefit from their absence of terminal chains and from their singular topology to minimize their hydrodynamic volume in solution, increase their chemical stability, limit their number of possible conformations as well as a reduce their propensity to crystallize or to form entanglements in comparison to their acyclic counterparts. While monocyclic structures have already been widely investigated and reviewed, reports on more complex polycyclic structures are rare. In this regard, cage-shaped polymers-consisting of at least three polymer chains covalently interconnected through strictly two junction points-have received little attention over the past two decades. Although their synthesis is a worthy challenge, only a few synthetic methodologies of polymer cages were successfully developed so far. Thus, this review intends to highlight the key concepts of the conception of cage-shaped polymers in addition to propose an actual and exhaustive state-of-art concept of their synthesis to rationally promote the next-generation synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gauthier-Jaques
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesser Str. 18, Building 11.23, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG 3) - Polymeric Materials, Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Engesser Str. 18, Building 11.23, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG 3) - Polymeric Materials, Herrmann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, D-76344, Germany
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8
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Abstract
The topological framework of circuit topology has recently been introduced to complement knot theory and to help in understanding the physics of molecular folding. Naturally evolved linear molecular chains, such as proteins and nucleic acids, often fold into 3D conformations with critical chain entanglements and local or global structural symmetries stabilised by formation contacts between different parts of the chain. Circuit topology captures the arrangements of intra-chain contacts within a given folded linear chain and allows for the classification and comparison of chains. Contacts keep chain segments in physical proximity and can be either mechanically hard attachments or soft entanglements that constrain a physical chain. Contrary to knot theory, which offers many established knot invariants, circuit invariants are just being developed. Here, we present polynomial invariants that are both efficient and sufficiently powerful to deal with any combination of soft and hard contacts. A computer implementation and table of chains with up to three contacts is also provided.
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9
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One‐Shot Intrablock Cross‐Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus‐Shaped Single‐Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
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10
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Watanabe K, Kaizawa N, Ree BJ, Yamamoto T, Tajima K, Isono T, Satoh T. One-Shot Intrablock Cross-Linking of Linear Diblock Copolymer to Realize Janus-Shaped Single-Chain Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18122-18128. [PMID: 34041829 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Developing an efficient and versatile process to transform a single linear polymer chain into a shape-defined nanoobject is a major challenge in the fields of chemistry and nanotechnology to replicate sophisticated biological functions of proteins and nucleic acids in a synthetic polymer system. In this study, we performed one-shot intrablock cross-linking of linear block copolymers (BCPs) to realize single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) with two chemically compartmentalized domains (Janus-shaped SCNPs). Detailed structural characterizations of the Janus-shaped SCNP composed of polystyrene-block-poly(glycolic acid) revealed its compactly folded conformation and compartmentalized block localization, similar to the self-folded tertiary structures of natural proteins. Versatility of the one-shot intrablock cross-linking was demonstrated using several different BCP precursors. In addition, the Janus-shaped SCNP produce miniscule microphase-separated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Watanabe
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Noya Kaizawa
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Brian J Ree
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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11
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12
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Tran VH, La MT, Kang S, Kim HK. Practical direct synthesis of N-aryl-substituted azacycles from N-alkyl protected arylamines using TiCl 4 and DBU. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5008-5016. [PMID: 32573603 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel transformation of N-alkyl protected arylamines and cyclic ethers into N-aryl substituted azacycles is described. Alkyl groups have been used for the protection of amines in organic syntheses. In this synthesis, N-alkyl protected arylamines were reacted with cyclic ethers in the presence of TiCl4 and DBU, crucial reagents affording five- and six-membered azacycles. In particular, utilization of the novel TiCl4/DBU-mediated reaction allows various N-alkyl protected arylamines such as N-methyl-, N-ethyl-, N-isopropyl, and N-tert-butyl arylamines to be readily converted into N-aryl substituted azacycles in high yields. This practical approach using various N-alkyl arylamines leads to the efficient preparation of azacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea. and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Minh Thanh La
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea. and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Soosung Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea. and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
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13
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Hoffmann R, Strodtmann L, Thiel K, Sloboda L, Urbaniak T, Hubley AN, Hartwig A. Highly porous nanocoatings tailored for inverse nanoparticle‐polymer composites. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Hoffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Laura Strodtmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Faculty of Engineering Institute for Materials Science Kiel University Kiel Germany
| | - Karsten Thiel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
| | - Laura Sloboda
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Tobias Urbaniak
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
| | - Austin N. Hubley
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Andreas Hartwig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials (IFAM) Bremen Germany
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry University of Bremen Bremen Germany
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14
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Butzelaar AJ, Gauthier-Jaques M, Liu KL, Brunklaus G, Winter M, Theato P. The power of architecture – cage-shaped PEO and its application as a polymer electrolyte. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First reported gram-scale synthesis of a four-arm cage-shaped poly(ethylene oxide) polymer and its pioneering application as polymer electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Johannes Butzelaar
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Martin Gauthier-Jaques
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory – Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Kun Ling Liu
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
| | - Gunther Brunklaus
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center/Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Martin Winter
- IEK-12/Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- Helmholtz-Institute Münster
- Münster
- Germany
- MEET Battery Research Center/Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76131 Karlsruhe
- Germany
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory – Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3)
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15
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Ree BJ, Satoh Y, Isono T, Satoh T. Correlations of nanoscale film morphologies and topological confinement of three-armed cage block copolymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00421b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-armed cage block copolymers composed of immiscible blocks in near equivalent volume fractions formed topologically controlled sub-10 nm cylindrical and lamellar nanostructures in nanoscale films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
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16
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Ree BJ, Mato Y, Xiang L, Kim J, Isono T, Satoh T. Topologically controlled phase transitions and nanoscale film self-assemblies of cage poly(ε-caprolactone) and its counterparts. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the first quantitative investigation of nanoscale film morphologies of a cage-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) and its counterparts in star, cyclic, and linear topologies through synchrotron grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Ree
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Mato
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Li Xiang
- Department of Chemistry
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jehan Kim
- PLS-II Beamline Division
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory
- Pohang 37673
- Republic of Korea
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo 060-8628
- Japan
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17
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Chen R, Berda EB. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Re-examining Single-Chain Nanoparticles. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1836-1843. [PMID: 35653673 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNP) are a class of polymeric nanoparticles obtained from the intramolecular cross-linking of polymers bearing reactive pendant groups. The development of SCNP has drawn tremendous attention since the fabrication of SCNP mimics the self-folding behavior in natural biomacromolecules and is highly desirable for a variety of applications ranging from catalysis, nanomedicine, nanoreactors, and sensors. The versatility of novel chemistries available for SCNP synthesis has greatly expanded over the past decade. Significant progress was also made in the understanding of a structure-property relationship in the single-chain folding process. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the effect of precursor polymer topology on single polymer folding. We summarize the progress in SCNP of complex architectures and highlight unresolved issues in the field, such as scalability and topological purity of SCNP.
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18
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Programmed folding into spiro-multicyclic polymer topologies from linear and star-shaped chains. Commun Chem 2020; 3:97. [PMID: 36703363 PMCID: PMC9814586 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of precise folding techniques for synthetic polymer chains that replicate the unique structures and functions of biopolymers has long been a key challenge. In particular, spiro-type (i.e., 8-, trefoil-, and quatrefoil-shaped) polymer topologies remain challenging due to their inherent structural complexity. Herein, we establish a folding strategy to produce spiro-type multicyclic polymers via intramolecular ring-opening metathesis oligomerization of the norbornenyl groups attached at predetermined positions along a synthetic polymer precursor. This strategy provides easy access to the desired spiro-type topological polymers with a controllable number of ring units and molecular weight while retaining narrow dispersity (Ɖ < 1.1). This effective strategy marks an advancement in the development of functionalized materials composed of specific three-dimensional nanostructures.
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Zhang Z, Nie X, Wang F, Chen G, Huang WQ, Xia L, Zhang WJ, Hao ZY, Hong CY, Wang LH, You YZ. Rhodanine-based Knoevenagel reaction and ring-opening polymerization for efficiently constructing multicyclic polymers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3654. [PMID: 32694628 PMCID: PMC7374721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic polymers have a number of unique physical properties compared with those of their linear counterparts. However, the methods for the synthesis of cyclic polymers are very limited, and some multicyclic polymers are still not accessible now. Here, we found that the five-membered cyclic structure and electron withdrawing groups make methylene in rhodanine highly active to aldehyde via highly efficient Knoevenagel reaction. Also, rhodanine can act as an initiator for anionic ring-opening polymerization of thiirane to produce cyclic polythioethers. Therefore, rhodanine can serve as both an initiator for ring-opening polymerization and a monomer in Knoevenagel polymerization. Via rhodanine-based Knoevenagel reaction, we can easily incorporate rhodanine moieties in the backbone, side chain, branched chain, etc, and correspondingly could produce cyclic structures in the backbone, side chain, branched chain, etc, via rhodanine-based anionic ring-opening polymerization. This rhodanine chemistry would provide easy access to a wide variety of complex multicyclic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Yao Hao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Yan Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ye-Zi You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Kim J, Jung HY, Park MJ. End-Group Chemistry and Junction Chemistry in Polymer Science: Past, Present, and Future. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Ha Young Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
| | - Moon Jeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 790-784
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22
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Tezuka Y. Topological Polymer Chemistry: A Personal Reflection Upon the Evolution and Prospects of Synthetic Macromolecular Chemistry. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Konomoto T, Nakamura K, Yamamoto T, Tezuka Y. Synthesis and Unimolecular ESA-CF Polymer Cyclization of Zwitterionic Telechelic Precursors. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuneaki Konomoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koji Nakamura
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tezuka
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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