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Qin T, Wang T, Zhu J. Recent progress in on-surface synthesis of nanoporous graphene materials. Commun Chem 2024; 7:154. [PMID: 38977754 PMCID: PMC11231364 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous graphene (NPG) materials are generated by removing internal degree-3 vertices from graphene and introducing nanopores with specific topological structures, which have been widely explored and exploited for applications in electronic devices, membranes, and energy storage. The inherent properties of NPGs, such as the band structures, field effect mobilities and topological properties, are crucially determined by the geometric structure of nanopores. On-surface synthesis is an emerging strategy to fabricate low-dimensional carbon nanostructures with atomic precision. In this review, we introduce the progress of on-surface synthesis of atomically precise NPGs, and classify NPGs from the aspects of element types, topological structures, pore shapes, and synthesis strategies. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements, promoting interdisciplinary collaboration to further advance the synthesis and applications of NPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
| | - Junfa Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China.
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2
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Alcón I, Cummings AW, Roche S. Tailoring giant quantum transport anisotropy in nanoporous graphenes under electrostatic disorder. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:407-415. [PMID: 38275013 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
During the last 15 years bottom-up on-surface synthesis has been demonstrated as an efficient way to synthesize carbon nanostructures with atomic precision, opening the door to unprecedented electronic control at the nanoscale. Nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) fabricated as two-dimensional arrays of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) represent one of the key recent breakthroughs in the field. NPGs interestingly display in-plane transport anisotropy of charge carriers, and such anisotropy was shown to be tunable by modulating quantum interference. Herein, using large-scale quantum transport simulations, we show that electrical anisotropy in NPGs is not only resilient to disorder but can further be massively enhanced by its presence. This outcome paves the way to systematic engineering of quantum transport in NPGs as a novel concept for efficient quantum devices and architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Aron W Cummings
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stephan Roche
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08070 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Qin T, Guo D, Xiong J, Li X, Hu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Wu Y, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Wang T, Zhu J. Synthesis of a Porous [14]Annulene Graphene Nanoribbon and a Porous [30]Annulene Graphene Nanosheet on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306368. [PMID: 37401637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-based materials can be tuned by the introduction of nanopores, which are sensitively related to the size, morphology, density, and location of nanopores. The synthesis of low-dimensional graphene nanostructures containing well-defined nonplanar nanopores has been challenging due to the intrinsic steric hindrance. Herein, we report the selective synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) containing periodic nonplanar [14]annulene pores on Ag(111) and two-dimensional (2D) porous graphene nanosheet containing periodic nonplanar [30]annulene pores on Au(111), starting from a same precursor. The formation of distinct products on the two substrates originates from the different thermodynamics and kinetics of coupling reactions. The reaction mechanisms were confirmed by a series of control experiments, and the appropriate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for optimizing the reaction pathways were proposed. In addition, the combined scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the electronic structures of porous graphene structures, demonstrating the impact of nonplanar pores on the π-conjugation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dezhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yulun Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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Yin R, Wang Z, Tan S, Ma C, Wang B. On-Surface Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons with Atomically Precise Structural Heterogeneities and On-Site Characterizations. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17610-17623. [PMID: 37666005 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are strips of graphene, with widths of a few nanometers, that are promising candidates for future applications in nanodevices and quantum information processing due to their highly tunable structure-dependent electronic, spintronic, topological, and optical properties. Implantation of periodic structural heterogeneities, such as heteroatoms, nanopores, and non-hexagonal rings, has become a powerful manner for tailoring the designer properties of GNRs. The bottom-up synthesis approach, by combining on-surface chemical reactions based on rationally designed molecular precursors and in situ tip-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, promotes the construction of atomically precise GNRs with periodic structural modulations. However, there are still obstacles and challenges lying on the way toward the understanding of the intrinsic structure-property relations, such as the strong screening and Fermi level pinning effect of the normally used transition metal substrates and the lack of collective tip-based techniques that can cover multi-internal degrees of freedom of the GNRs. In this Perspective, we briefly review the recent progress in the on-surface synthesis of GNRs with diverse structural heterogeneities and highlight the structure-property relations as characterized by the noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. We furthermore motivate to deliver the need for developing strategies to achieve quasi-freestanding GNRs and for exploiting multifunctional tip-based techniques to collectively probe the intrinsic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoting Yin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengya Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shijing Tan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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Alcón I, Calogero G, Papior N, Antidormi A, Song K, Cummings AW, Brandbyge M, Roche S. Unveiling the Multiradical Character of the Biphenylene Network and Its Anisotropic Charge Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8278-8285. [PMID: 35476458 PMCID: PMC9100647 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in the on-surface synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials is facilitating the realization of new carbon allotropes, such as nanoporous graphenes, graphynes, and 2D π-conjugated polymers. One of the latest examples is the biphenylene network (BPN), which was recently fabricated on gold and characterized with atomic precision. This gapless 2D organic material presents uncommon metallic conduction, which could help develop innovative carbon-based electronics. Here, using first principles calculations and quantum transport simulations, we provide new insights into some fundamental properties of BPN, which are key for its further technological exploitation. We predict that BPN hosts an unprecedented spin-polarized multiradical ground state, which has important implications for the chemical reactivity of the 2D material under practical use conditions. The associated electronic band gap is highly sensitive to perturbations, as seen in finite temperature (300 K) molecular dynamics simulations, but the multiradical character remains stable. Furthermore, BPN is found to host in-plane anisotropic (spin-polarized) electrical transport, rooted in its intrinsic structural features, which suggests potential device functionality of interest for both nanoelectronics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Gaetano Calogero
- CNR Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona Industriale, Strada VIII, 5, Catania 95121, Italy
| | - Nick Papior
- Computing Center, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Aleandro Antidormi
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Kenan Song
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aron W Cummings
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.,Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Stephan Roche
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain.,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona 08070, Spain
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Li X, Han D, Qin T, Xiong J, Huang J, Wang T, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Zhu J. Selective synthesis of Kagome nanoporous graphene on Ag(111) via an organometallic template. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:6239-6247. [PMID: 35403634 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08136e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Kagome nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) are fascinating due to their exotic electronic and magnetic properties. The emerging on-surface synthesis (mostly on metal surfaces) provides a new opportunity to fabricate Kagome NPGs with atomic resolution. Previously the Kagome NPGs synthesized on surfaces were largely heteroatom-doped and suffer from morphological defects (evidently on metal surfaces). The on-surface synthesis of pristine Kagome NPG with improved structural quality is extremely desirable. In this paper, using a halogenated precursor, we report a bottom-up fabrication of pristine NPG with Kagome topology on Ag(111) via classic Ullmann coupling. The templating effect of organometallic (OM) intermediates for subsequent covalent coupling is determined by comparing the OM phase and resultant covalent product. The reaction parameters are found to have a significant impact on the topology and quality of OM intermediates. Specifically, a higher surface temperature and lower evaporation rate favor the growth of better-quality and higher-yield OM Kagome NPGs. The covalent Kagome NPGs obtained by further annealing of these OM networks are affected likewise due to the template effect of OM intermediates. Our work further confirms the generality of the OM template effect. It also offers a novel method to achieve the selective synthesis of Kagome lattice networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Jianmin Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China.
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7
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Alcón I, Papior N, Calogero G, Viñes F, Gamallo P, Brandbyge M. Acetylene-Mediated Electron Transport in Nanostructured Graphene and Hexagonal Boron Nitride. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11220-11227. [PMID: 34761926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of graphene has catalyzed the search for other 2D carbon allotropes, such as graphynes, graphdiynes, and 2D π-conjugated polymers, which have been theoretically predicted or experimentally synthesized during the past decade. These materials exhibit a conductive nature bound to their π-conjugated sp2 electronic system. Some cases include sp-hybridized moieties in their nanostructure, such as acetylenes in graphynes; however, these act merely as electronic couplers between the conducting π-orbitals of sp2 centers. Herein, via first-principles calculations and quantum transport simulations, we demonstrate the existence of an acetylene-meditated transport mechanism entirely hosted by sp-hybridized orbitals. For that we propose a series of nanostructured 2D materials featuring linear arrangements of closely packed acetylene units which function as sp-nanowires. Because of the very distinct nature of this unique transport mechanism, it appears to be highly complementary with π-conjugation, thus potentially becoming a key tool for future carbon nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Av. de Serragalliners, s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Papior
- Computing Center, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gaetano Calogero
- CNR Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Strada VIII, 5, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesc Viñes
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gamallo
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Sengul O, Valli A, Stadler R. Electrode effects on the observability of destructive quantum interference in single-molecule junctions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:17011-17021. [PMID: 34617536 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01230d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Destructive quantum interference (QI) has been a source of interest as a new paradigm for molecular electronics as the electronic conductance is widely dependent on the occurrence or absence of destructive QI effects. In order to interpret experimentally observed transmission features, it is necessary to understand the effects of all components of the junction on electron transport. We perform non-equilibrium Green's function calculations within the framework of density functional theory to assess the structure-function relationship of transport through pyrene molecular junctions with distinct QI properties. The chemical nature of the anchor groups and the electrodes controls the Fermi level alignment, which determines the observability of destructive QI. A thorough analysis allows to disentangle the transmission features arising from the molecule and the electrodes. Interestingly, graphene electrodes introduce features in the low-bias regime, which can either mask or be misinterpreted as QI effects, while instead originating from the topological properties of the edges. Thus, this first principles analysis provides clear indications to guide the interpretation of experimental studies, which cannot be obtained from simple Hückel model calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sengul
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angelo Valli
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Robert Stadler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
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Saraswat V, Jacobberger RM, Arnold MS. Materials Science Challenges to Graphene Nanoribbon Electronics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:3674-3708. [PMID: 33656860 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for channel materials in future nanoelectronic devices due to their exceptional electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties and chemical inertness. However, the adoption of GNRs in commercial technologies is currently hampered by materials science and integration challenges pertaining to synthesis and devices. In this Review, we present an overview of the current status of challenges, recent breakthroughs toward overcoming these challenges, and possible future directions for the field of GNR electronics. We motivate the need for exploration of scalable synthetic techniques that yield atomically precise, placed, registered, and oriented GNRs on CMOS-compatible substrates and stimulate ideas for contact and dielectric engineering to realize experimental performance close to theoretically predicted metrics. We also briefly discuss unconventional device architectures that could be experimentally investigated to harness the maximum potential of GNRs in future spintronic and quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert M Jacobberger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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10
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Allal H, Belhocine Y, Rahali S, Damous M, Ammouchi N. Structural, electronic, and energetic investigations of acrolein adsorption on B 36 borophene nanosheet: a dispersion-corrected DFT insight. J Mol Model 2020; 26:128. [PMID: 32388759 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of acrolein (AC) onto the surface of B36 borophene nanosheet was studied using dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). The structural and electronic properties were scrutinized by several quantum chemical parameters such as HOMO-LUMO gap, condensed Fukui function, molecular electrostatic potential (ESP), and the density of states (DOS). The non-covalent interactions (NCI) were explored by combined reduced density gradient (RDG-NCI) and energy decomposition analysis (EDA) techniques. It was found that the adsorption of acrolein on both convex and concave surfaces of borophene is mainly governed by van der Waals interactions. Our calculations showed that the adsorption energy is strengthened and favored when multiple acrolein molecules adsorb on the edge sides of borophene through their terminal carbonyl oxygen atom. Furthermore, the calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gaps were significantly reduced upon adsorption affecting, therefore, the electrical conductance of borophene. These results should be useful in designing acrolein sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Allal
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Technology, 20 August 1955 University of Skikda, P.O. Box 26, El Hadaik Road, 21000, Skikda, Algeria.
| | - Youghourta Belhocine
- Department of Petrochemical and Process Engineering, 20 August 1955 University of Skikda, P.O. Box 26, El Hadaik Road, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Seyfeddine Rahali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maamar Damous
- Department of Petrochemical and Process Engineering, 20 August 1955 University of Skikda, P.O. Box 26, El Hadaik Road, 21000, Skikda, Algeria.,Unité de Recherche de Chimie de l'Environnement et Moléculaire Structurale, CHEMS, Université Constantine 1, 25000, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Nesrine Ammouchi
- Department of Technology, Faculty of Technology, 20 August 1955 University of Skikda, P.O. Box 26, El Hadaik Road, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
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