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Wu EJ, Kelly AW, Iuzzolino L, Lee AY, Zhu X. Unprecedented Packing Polymorphism of Oxindole: An Exploration Inspired by Crystal Structure Prediction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406214. [PMID: 38825853 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Crystal polymorphism, characterized by different packing arrangements of the same compound, strongly ties to the physical properties of a molecule. Determining the polymorphic landscape is complex and time-consuming, with the number of experimentally observed polymorphs varying widely from molecule to molecule. Furthermore, disappearing polymorphs, the phenomenon whereby experimentally observed forms cannot be reproduced, pose a significant challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we focused on oxindole (OX), a small rigid molecule with four known polymorphs, including a reported disappearing form. Using crystal structure prediction (CSP), we assessed OX solid-state landscape and thermodynamic stability by comparing predicted structures with experimentally known forms. We then performed melt and solution crystallization in bulk and nanoconfinement to validate our predictions. These experiments successfully reproduced the known forms and led to the discovery of four novel polymorphs. Our approach provided insights into reconstructing disappearing polymorphs and building more comprehensive polymorph landscapes. These results also establish a new record of packing polymorphism for rigid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Wu
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
| | - Andrew W Kelly
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
| | - Luca Iuzzolino
- Modeling & Informatics, Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
| | - Alfred Y Lee
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, United States
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Li H, Wang L, Ye X, Yao C, Song S, Qu Y, Jiang J, Wang H, Han P, Liu Y, Tao X. Efficient Screening of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals by Microspacing In-Air Sublimation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:11592-11598. [PMID: 38630123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Cocrystal screening and single-crystal growth remain the primary obstacles in the development of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Here, we present a new approach for cocrystal screening, microspacing in-air sublimation (MAS), to obtain new cocrystals and grow high-quality single crystals of cocrystals within tens of minutes. The method possesses the advantages of strong designable ability of devices, user-friendly control, and compatibility with materials, especially for the thermolabile molecules. A novel drug-drug cocrystal of favipiravir (FPV) with salicylamide (SAA) was first discovered by this method, which shows improved physiochemical properties. Furthermore, this method proved effective in cultivating single crystals of FPV-isonicotinamide (FPV-INIA), FPV-urea, FPV-nicotinamide (FPV-NIA), and FPV-tromethamine (FPV-Tro) cocrystals, and the structures of these cocrystals were determined for the first time. By adjusting the growth temperature and growth distance precisely, we also achieved single crystals of 10 different paracetamol (PCA) cocrystals and piracetam (PIR) cocrystals, which underscores the versatility and efficiency of this method in pharmaceutical cocrystal screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Changlin Yao
- School of Physics and Photoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, P. R. China
| | - Shuhong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jinke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Hongshuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Peizhuo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xutang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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Erriah B, Shtukenberg AG, Aronin R, McCarthy D, Brázda P, Ward MD, Kahr B. ROY Crystallization on Poly(ethylene) Fibers, a Model for Bed Net Crystallography. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:2432-2440. [PMID: 38495899 PMCID: PMC10938503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c03188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Many long-lasting insecticidal bed nets for protection against disease vectors consist of poly(ethylene) fibers in which insecticide is incorporated during manufacture. Insecticide molecules diffuse from within the supersaturated polymers to surfaces where they become bioavailable to insects and often crystallize, a process known as blooming. Recent studies revealed that contact insecticides can be highly polymorphic. Moreover, insecticidal activity is polymorph-dependent, with forms having a higher crystal free energy yielding faster insect knockdown and mortality. Consequently, the crystallographic characterization of insecticide crystals that form on fibers is critical to understanding net function and improving net performance. Structural characterization of insecticide crystals on bed net fiber surfaces, let alone their polymorphs, has been elusive owing to the minute size of the crystals, however. Using the highly polymorphous compound ROY (5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)-amino]thiophene-3-carbonitrile) as a proxy for insecticide crystallization, we investigated blooming and crystal formation on the surface of extruded poly(ethylene) fibers containing ROY. The blooming rates, tracked from the time of extrusion, were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy after successive washes. Six crystalline polymorphs (of the 13 known) were observed on poly(ethylene) fiber surfaces, and they were identified and characterized by Raman microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and 3D electron diffraction. These observations reveal that the crystallization and phase behavior of polymorphs forming on poly(ethylene) fibers is complex and dynamic. The characterization of blooming and microcrystals underscores the importance of bed net crystallography for the optimization of bed net performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Erriah
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, 29 Washington Place, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, 29 Washington Place, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Reese Aronin
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, 29 Washington Place, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Derik McCarthy
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, 29 Washington Place, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Petr Brázda
- Department
of Structure Analysis, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2/1999, Prague 8 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, 29 Washington Place, New York City, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, 29 Washington Place, New York City, New York 10003, United States
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Zhu X, Valbon W, Qiu M, Hu CT, Yang J, Erriah B, Jankowska M, Dong K, Ward MD, Kahr B. Insecticidal and Repellent Properties of Rapid-Acting Fluorine-Containing Compounds against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1396-1407. [PMID: 37311068 PMCID: PMC10353007 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of safe and potent insecticides remains an integral part of a multifaceted strategy to effectively control human-disease-transmitting insect vectors. Incorporating fluorine can dramatically alter the physiochemical properties and bioavailability of insecticides. For example, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethane (DFDT)─a difluoro congener of trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)─was demonstrated previously to be 10-fold less toxic to mosquitoes than DDT in terms of LD50 values, but it exhibited a 4-fold faster knockdown. Described herein is the discovery of fluorine-containing 1-aryl-2,2,2-trichloro-ethan-1-ols (FTEs, for fluorophenyl-trichloromethyl-ethanols). FTEs, particularly per-fluorophenyl-trichloromethyl-ethanol (PFTE), exhibited rapid knockdown not only against Drosophila melanogaster but also against susceptible and resistant Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, major vectors of Dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and Chikungunya viruses. The R enantiomer of any chiral FTE, synthesized enantioselectively, exhibited faster knockdown than its corresponding S enantiomer. PFTE does not prolong the opening of mosquito sodium channels that are characteristic of the action of DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. In addition, pyrethroid/DDT-resistant Ae. aegypti strains having enhanced P450-mediated detoxification and/or carrying sodium channel mutations that confer knockdown resistance were not cross-resistant to PFTE. These results indicate a mechanism of PFTE insecticidal action distinct from that of pyrethroids or DDT. Furthermore, PFTE elicited spatial repellency at concentrations as low as 10 ppm in a hand-in-cage assay. PFTE and MFTE were found to possess low mammalian toxicity. These results suggest the substantial potential of FTEs as a new class of compounds for controlling insect vectors, including pyrethroid/DDT-resistant mosquitoes. Further investigations of FTE insecticidal and repellency mechanisms could provide important insights into how incorporation of fluorine influences the rapid lethality and mosquito sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Wilson Valbon
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Chunhua T. Hu
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Bryan Erriah
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Milena Jankowska
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
- Department
of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Nicolaus
Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 Street, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Ke Dong
- Department
of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - Michael D. Ward
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003 USA
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Carson J, Erriah B, Herodotou S, Shtukenberg AG, Smith L, Ryazanskaya S, Ward MD, Kahr B, Lees RS. Overcoming insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes by using faster-acting solid forms of deltamethrin. Malar J 2023; 22:129. [PMID: 37081532 PMCID: PMC10120210 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlling malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes with pyrethroid insecticides is becoming increasingly challenging because of widespread resistance amongst vector populations. The development of new insecticides and insecticidal formulations is time consuming and costly, however. A more active crystalline form of deltamethrin, prepared by heating the commercial crystalline form, previously was reported to be 12-times faster acting against susceptible North American Anopheles quadrimaculatus mosquitoes. Herein the potential for heat-activated deltamethrin dispersed on chalk to overcome various resistance mechanisms amongst five West African Anopheles strains is investigated, and its long-term sustained lethality evaluated. METHODS The more active deltamethrin form was generated in a commercial dust containing deltamethrin by heating the material as purchased. Tarsal contact bioassays were conducted to investigate its efficacy, potency, and speed of action against resistant Anopheles populations compared to the commercially available form of deltamethrin dust. RESULTS In all cases, D-Fense Dust heated to generate the more active form of deltamethrin was substantially more effective than the commercially available formulation. 100% of both Banfora M and Kisumu populations were knocked down 10 min post-exposure with no recovery afterwards. Gaoua-ara and Tiefora strains exhibited 100% knockdown within 15 min, and the VK7 2014 strain exhibited 100% knockdown within 20 min. In all cases, 100% mortality was observed 24 h post-exposure. Conversely, the commercial formulation (unheated) resulted in less than 4% mortality amongst VK7 2014, Banfora, and Gaoua-ara populations by 24 h, and Tiefora and Kisumu mosquitoes experienced 14 and 47% mortality by 24 h, respectively. The heat-activated dust maintained comparable efficacy 13 months after heating. CONCLUSIONS The heat-activated form of commercial deltamethrin D-Fense Dust outperformed the material as purchased, dramatically increasing efficacy against all tested pyrethroid-resistant strains. This increase in lethality was retained for 13 months of storage under ambient conditions in the laboratory. Higher energy forms of commonly used insecticides may be employed to overcome various resistance mechanisms seen in African Anopheles mosquitoes through more rapid uptake of insecticide molecules from their respective solid surfaces. That is, resistant mosquitoes can be killed with an insecticide to which they are resistant without altering the molecular composition of the insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Carson
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Bryan Erriah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Stephania Herodotou
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Alexander G Shtukenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Leilani Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana Ryazanskaya
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, 29 Washington Place, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Rosemary Susan Lees
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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Ang S, Cao N, Zheng W, Zhang Z, Li J, Yan Z, Su K, Wong WL, Zhang K, Hong WD, Wu P. Novel Sophoridine Derivatives as Potential Larvicidal Agents against Aedes albopictus: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, and Morphological Study. INSECTS 2023; 14:399. [PMID: 37103214 PMCID: PMC10140878 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel sophoridine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-mosquito activity. SOP-2g, SOP-2q, and SOP-2r exhibited potential larvicidal activity against Aedes albopictus larva with LC50 values of 330.98, 430.53, and 411.09 ppm, respectively. Analysis of structure-activity relationships indicated that the oxime ester group was beneficial for improving the larvicidal biological activity, whereas the long-chain aliphatic group and fused-ring group were introduced. Furthermore, the larvicidal mechanism was also investigated based on the inhibition assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the morphological observation of dead larva treated with derivatives. Results indicated that the AChE inhibitory activity of the preferred three derivatives were 63.16%, 46.67%, and 35.11%, respectively, at 250 ppm concentration. Additionally, morphological evidence demonstrated that SOP-2q and SOP-2r induced changes in the larva's intestinal cavity, caudal gill, and tail, thereby displaying larvicidal action against Ae. albopictus together with AChE inhibition. Therefore, this study implied that sophoridine and its novel derivatives could be used to control the population of mosquito larva, which may also be effective alkaloids to reduce the mosquito population density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Nana Cao
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Zhenping Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Kaize Su
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Weiqian David Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China (W.Z.); (K.Z.)
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute (Jiangmen), Jiangmen 529040, China
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Aulicky R, Stejskal V, Frydova B, Athanassiou C. Evaluation of Phosphine Resistance in Populations of Sitophilus oryzae, Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Rhyzopertha dominica in the Czech Republic. INSECTS 2022; 13:1162. [PMID: 36555073 PMCID: PMC9787142 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphine is globally the most widely adopted fumigant for the control of storage pests. Recently, an increase in the frequency of stored-product pest resistance has been observed with significant geographical and interspecific variations. In this context, there are available data for the occurrence of resistant populations from America, Asia, Africa, and Australia, but there are few data in the case of Europe. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate phosphine efficacy in important beetle pests of stored products, i.e., Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) sampled from the Czech Republic, using a rapid diagnostic test that is based on the speed to knockdown after exposure. Apart from the standard laboratory populations, which were used as the controls, we tested 56 field populations of these three species, collected in Czech farm grain stores. The survey revealed that 57.1% of the tested field populations were classified as phosphine-susceptible, based on the knockdown method used. However, profound variations among species and populations were recorded. The species with the highest percentage of resistant populations was R. dominica (71.4% of the populations; resistance coefficient 0.5-4.1), followed by S. oryzae (57.1% of the populations; resistance coefficient 0.8-6.9), and O. surinamensis (9.5% of the populations; resistance coefficient 0.5-2.9). Regarding the intra-population variability in response to phosphine (slope of the knockdown time regression), the laboratory and slightly resistant populations of all species were homogenous, whereas the most resistant populations were strongly heterogeneous. Our data show that the occurrence of resistance in the Czech Republic is relatively widespread and covers a wide range of species, necessitating the need for the adoption of an action plan for resistance mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Aulicky
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Stejskal
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Frydova
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Christos Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Tessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece
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Erriah B, Zhu X, Hu CT, Kahr BE, Shtukenberg A, Ward MD. Crystallography of Contemporary Contact Insecticides. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030292. [PMID: 35323590 PMCID: PMC8949367 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The active forms of contact insecticides used for combatting mosquito-borne infectious diseases are typically crystalline solids. Numerous molecular crystals are polymorphic, crystallizing in several solid forms characterized by different physicochemical properties, including bioavailability. Our laboratory recently found that the activity of crystalline contact insecticides is inversely dependent on the thermodynamic stability of their polymorphs, suggesting that efficacy can be enhanced by the manipulation of the solid-state structure. This paper argues that crystallography should be central to the development of contact insecticides, particularly because their efficacy continues to be compromised by insecticide resistance, especially among Anopheles mosquito populations that spread malaria. Although insecticidal compounds with new modes of action have been introduced to overcome resistance, new insecticides are expensive to develop and implement. The repurposing of existing chemical agents in metastable, more active crystalline forms provides an inexpensive and efficient method for ‘evergreening’ compounds whose risks are already well-established. We report herein seven new single-crystal structures of insecticides used for controlling infectious disease vectors. The structures reported herein include pyrethroid insecticides recommended by the WHO for indoor residual spraying (IRS)-bifenthrin, β-cyfluthrin, etofenprox, α-cypermethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin as well as the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bart E. Kahr
- Correspondence: (B.E.K.); (M.D.W.); Tel.: +1-212-992-9579 (B.E.K.)
| | | | - Michael D. Ward
- Correspondence: (B.E.K.); (M.D.W.); Tel.: +1-212-992-9579 (B.E.K.)
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9
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Shang Z, Liu M, Hu W, Deng T, Su X, Hou B, Wang J, Gong J. Construction and application of the qualitative and quantitative analysis system of three boscalid polymorphs based on solid-state analytical methods and chemometric tools. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00152g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In view of the important influence of solid form on the production and use of agrochemical, it is crucial to develop the accurate and useful qualitative and quantitative analysis system...
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10
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Carpenter JE, Grünwald M. Pre-Nucleation Clusters Predict Crystal Structures in Models of Chiral Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21580-21593. [PMID: 34918909 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics can play an important role in the crystallization of molecules and can give rise to polymorphism, the tendency of molecules to form more than one crystal structure. Current computational methods of crystal structure prediction, however, focus almost exclusively on identifying the thermodynamically stable polymorph. Kinetic factors of nucleation and growth are often neglected because the underlying microscopic processes can be complex and accurate rate calculations are numerically cumbersome. In this work, we use molecular dynamics computer simulations to study simple molecular models that reproduce the crystallization behavior of real chiral molecules, including the formation of enantiopure and racemic crystals, as well as polymorphism. A significant fraction of these molecules forms crystals that do not have the lowest free energy. We demonstrate that at high supersaturation crystal formation can be accurately predicted by considering the similarities between oligomeric species in solution and molecular motifs in the crystal structure. For the case of racemic mixtures, we even find that knowledge of crystal free energies is not necessary and kinetic considerations are sufficient to determine if the system will undergo spontaneous chiral separation. Our results suggest conceptually simple ways of improving current crystal structure prediction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Michael Grünwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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11
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Norris EJ, Bloomquist JR. Recording central neurophysiological output from mosquito larvae for neuropharmacological and insecticide resistance studies. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 135:104319. [PMID: 34627851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to currently utilized chemical insecticidal agents represents a significant threat to public health and food security worldwide. Better understanding the neurophysiological effects of available and candidate insecticidal molecules is valuable for characterizing the mechanisms of insecticide resistance, as well as the design and study of novel control chemistries. In this paper, we describe a method of recording nerve firing from the central nervous system of Aedes aegypti fourth instar larvae. In short, mosquito larvae were immobilized by placing small pins through the head and siphon of the larvae in a wax dish, ventral side down. A single, longitudinal, dorsal incision from the distal abdomen to the pronotum of the larva was made, the alimentary canal removed, and the ventral nerve cord severed between the second and third abdominal ganglia. A recording suction electrode was connected directly to axons within the severed end of the connective in a novel way to record nerve firing in the ventral nerve cord at a high signal-to-noise ratio with conventional electrophysiological equipment. Using this novel method, we report the effects of four neuroactive compounds using this method: octopamine, pilocarpine, nicotine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The utility of this recording technique for elucidating target site mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance is demonstrated with p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichlorethane (DDT) and its difluoro analog (DFDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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12
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Sheikh AY, Mattei A, Miglani Bhardwaj R, Hong RS, Abraham NS, Schneider-Rauber G, Engstrom KM, Diwan M, Henry RF, Gao Y, Juarez V, Jordan E, DeGoey DA, Hutchins CW. Implications of the Conformationally Flexible, Macrocyclic Structure of the First-Generation, Direct-Acting Anti-Viral Paritaprevir on Its Solid Form Complexity and Chameleonic Behavior. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17479-17491. [PMID: 34637297 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral regimens have transformed therapeutic management of hepatitis C across all prevalent genotypes. Most of the chemical matter in these regimens comprises molecules well outside the traditional drug development chemical space and presents significant challenges. Herein, the implications of high conformational flexibility and the presence of a 15-membered macrocyclic ring in paritaprevir are studied through a combination of advanced computational and experimental methods with focus on molecular chameleonicity and crystal form complexity. The ability of the molecule to toggle between high and low 3D polar surface area (PSA) conformations is underpinned by intramolecular hydrogen bonding (IMHB) interactions and intramolecular steric effects. Computational studies consequently show a very significant difference of over 75 Å2 in 3D PSA between polar and apolar environments and provide the structural basis for the perplexingly favorable passive permeability of the molecule. Crystal packing and protein binding resulting in strong intermolecular interactions disrupt these intramolecular interactions. Crystalline Form I benefits from strong intermolecular interactions, whereas the weaker intermolecular interactions in Form II are partially compensated by the energetic advantage of an IMHB. Like Form I, no IMHB is observed within the receptor-bound conformation; instead, an intermolecular H-bond contributes to the potency of the molecule. The choice of metastable Form II is derisked through strategies accounting for crystal surface and packing features to manage higher form specific solid-state chemical reactivity and specific processing requirements. Overall, the results show an unambiguous link between structural features and derived properties from crystallization to dissolution, permeation, and docking into the protein pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Y Sheikh
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Alessandra Mattei
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rajni Miglani Bhardwaj
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Richard S Hong
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Nathan S Abraham
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Gabriela Schneider-Rauber
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenneth M Engstrom
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Moiz Diwan
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Rodger F Henry
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yi Gao
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Vivian Juarez
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Erin Jordan
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David A DeGoey
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Charles W Hutchins
- Research & Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 N Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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13
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Zhu X, Hu CT, Erriah B, Vogt-Maranto L, Yang J, Yang Y, Qiu M, Fellah N, Tuckerman ME, Ward MD, Kahr B. Imidacloprid Crystal Polymorphs for Disease Vector Control and Pollinator Protection. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17144-17152. [PMID: 34634905 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, the world's leading insecticide, has been approved recently for controlling infectious disease vectors; yet, in agricultural settings, it has been implicated in the frightening decline of pollinators. This argues for strategies that sharply reduce the environmental impact of imidacloprid. When used as a contact insecticide, the effectiveness of imidacloprid relies on physical contact between its crystal surfaces and insect tarsi. Herein, seven new imidacloprid crystal polymorphs are reported, adding to two known forms. Anticipating that insect uptake of imidacloprid molecules would depend on the respective free energies of crystal polymorph surfaces, measurements of insect knockdown times for the metastable crystal forms were as much as nine times faster acting than the commercial form against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes as well as Drosophila (fruit flies). These results suggest that replacement of commercially available imidacloprid crystals (a.k.a. Form I) in space-spraying with any one of three new polymorphs, Forms IV, VI, IX, would suppress vector-borne disease transmission while reducing environmental exposure and harm to nontarget organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Chunhua T Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Bryan Erriah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Leslie Vogt-Maranto
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Jingxiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Noalle Fellah
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Mark E Tuckerman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, United States
- NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Design Institute, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
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14
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Lissenden N, Kont MD, Essandoh J, Ismail HM, Churcher TS, Lambert B, Lenhart A, McCall PJ, Moyes CL, Paine MJI, Praulins G, Weetman D, Lees RS. Review and Meta-Analysis of the Evidence for Choosing between Specific Pyrethroids for Programmatic Purposes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12090826. [PMID: 34564266 PMCID: PMC8465213 DOI: 10.3390/insects12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary A group of insecticides, called pyrethroids, are the main strategy for controlling the mosquito vectors of malaria. Pyrethroids are used in all insecticide-treated bednets, and many indoor residual spray programmes (in which insecticides are sprayed on the interior walls of houses). There are different types of pyrethroids within the class (e.g., deltamethrin and permethrin). Across the world, mosquitoes are showing signs of resistance to the pyrethroids, such as reduced mortality following contact. However, it is unclear if this resistance is uniform across the pyrethroid class (i.e., if a mosquito is resistant to deltamethrin, whether it is resistant to permethrin at the same level). In addition, it is not known if switching between different pyrethroids can be used to effectively maintain mosquito control when resistance to a single pyrethroid has been detected. This review examined the evidence from molecular studies, resistance testing from laboratory and field data, and mosquito behavioural assays to answer these questions. The evidence suggested that in areas where pyrethroid resistance exists, different mortality seen between the pyrethroids is not necessarily indicative of an operationally relevant difference in control performance, and there is no reason to rotate between common pyrethroids (i.e., deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin) as an insecticide resistance management strategy. Abstract Pyrethroid resistance is widespread in malaria vectors. However, differential mortality in discriminating dose assays to different pyrethroids is often observed in wild populations. When this occurs, it is unclear if this differential mortality should be interpreted as an indication of differential levels of susceptibility within the pyrethroid class, and if so, if countries should consider selecting one specific pyrethroid for programmatic use over another. A review of evidence from molecular studies, resistance testing with laboratory colonies and wild populations, and mosquito behavioural assays were conducted to answer these questions. Evidence suggested that in areas where pyrethroid resistance exists, different results in insecticide susceptibility assays with specific pyrethroids currently in common use (deltamethrin, permethrin, α-cypermethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin) are not necessarily indicative of an operationally relevant difference in potential performance. Consequently, it is not advisable to use rotation between these pyrethroids as an insecticide-resistance management strategy. Less commonly used pyrethroids (bifenthrin and etofenprox) may have sufficiently different modes of action, though further work is needed to examine how this may apply to insecticide resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lissenden
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Mara D. Kont
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (M.D.K.); (T.S.C.); (B.L.)
| | - John Essandoh
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Hanafy M. Ismail
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Thomas S. Churcher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (M.D.K.); (T.S.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Ben Lambert
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK; (M.D.K.); (T.S.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
| | | | - Mark J. I. Paine
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Giorgio Praulins
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - David Weetman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
| | - Rosemary S. Lees
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (N.L.); (J.E.); (H.M.I.); (P.J.M.); (M.J.I.P.); (G.P.); (D.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-151-705-3344
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15
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Yang Y, Zhu Q, Zhang K, Zhao S. Synthesis, antimosquito activities, photodegradation, and toxic assessment of novel pyrethroids containing 2-chlorobiphenyl and 2-chlorophenylpyridine. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2773-2784. [PMID: 33512752 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is a mosquito species and a vector of dengue virus and malaria parasites that represents a significant threat to global public health. Although mosquito populations have been effectively controlled through the use of synthetic insecticides, the emergence of widespread insecticide resistance in wild mosquito populations is a strong motivation to explore new insecticidal chemistries. RESULTS In this study, A. albopictus was treated with a series of novel pyrethroids containing 2-chlorobiphenyl and 2-chlorophenylpyridine via topical application. The relative antimosquito activity of each novel compound was determined, as measured by the LC50 , and compared with the synthetic pyrethroid bifenthrin. The most antimosquito activity compound (SZ-B-11) was 4.69 times more active than bifenthrin. The novel compounds were also sensitive to wild A. albopictus. In addition, in silico toxicity assessment of aquatic organisms showed that the acute toxicity and chronic toxicity of SZ-B-11 were 31.96 times and 934.40 times lower than those of bifenthrin, respectively. Cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated that all tested compounds were nontoxic against SH-SY5Y cell lines. Furthermore, photolytic results suggested that SZ-B-11 would be photodegraded more easily than bifenthrin and would reduce secondary pollution. CONCLUSION Novel pyrethroids containing 2-chlorobiphenyl and 2-chlorophenylpyridine, through simple synthesis steps, have better antimosquito activity, low resistance, less ecotoxicity, readily degradable characteristics, and may reduce secondary pollution. They are promising insecticides with potential application prospects in agricultural production and environmental protection. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyan Zhu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Health, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, People's Republic of China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Shimizu M, Okuda Y, Toyoda K, Akiyama R, Shinozaki H, Yamamoto T. Pd-catalyzed synthesis of 1-(hetero)aryl-2,2,2-trichloroethanols using chloral hydrate and (hetero)arylboroxines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17734-17739. [PMID: 35480199 PMCID: PMC9033206 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
1-(Hetero)aryl-2,2,2-trichloroethanols are useful key intermediates for the synthesis of various bioactive compounds. Herein, we describe N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-coordinated cyclometallated palladium complex (CYP)-catalyzed (hetero)aryl addition of chloral hydrate using (hetero)arylboroxines, providing a new approach to 1-(hetero)aryl-2,2,2-trichloroethanols. Notably, PhS-IPent-CYP which coordinated the bulky yet flexible 2,6-di(pentan-3-yl)aniline (IPent)-based NHC showed good catalytic activities and promoted the transformation in 24-97% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Shimizu
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho Adachi Tokyo 120-8551 Japan
| | - Yuta Okuda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho, Adachi-ku Tokyo 120-8551 Japan
| | - Koki Toyoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho, Adachi-ku Tokyo 120-8551 Japan
| | - Ryo Akiyama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho, Adachi-ku Tokyo 120-8551 Japan
| | - Hiraku Shinozaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho, Adachi-ku Tokyo 120-8551 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho Adachi Tokyo 120-8551 Japan .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho, Adachi-ku Tokyo 120-8551 Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahicho, Adachi-ku Tokyo 120-8551 Japan
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17
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Tiekink ERT. Supramolecular architectures sustained by delocalised C–I⋯π(arene) interactions in molecular crystals and the propensity of their formation. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01677b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A survey of delocalised C–I⋯π(chelate ring) interactions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials
- School of Science and Technology
- Sunway University
- Bandar Sunway
- Malaysia
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18
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Norris EJ, Demares F, Zhu X, Bloomquist JR. Mosquitocidal activity of p,p'-difluoro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DFDT). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104686. [PMID: 32980070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
New insecticides are urgently needed for the control of arthropod vectors of public health diseases. As resistance to many insecticides used for the control of public health pests is ubiquitous, all available chemistries should be evaluated for their potential to effectively control both insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant strains of mosquitoes. This study aimed to evaluate p-p'-difluoro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DFDT) as a mosquito control technology and relate its activity to that of DDT. We found that topical DFDT was significantly less toxic than DDT to both pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. Direct nervous system recording from Drosophila melanogaster CNS demonstrated that DFDT is approximately 10-times less potent than DDT at blocking nerve firing, which may explain its relatively lower toxicity. DFDT was shown to be at least 4500 times more vapor-active than DDT, with an LC50 in a vapor toxicity screening assay of 2.2 μg/cm2. Resistance to DFDT was assessed in two mosquito strains that possess target-site mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel and upregulated metabolic activity. Resistance ratios for Akdr (An. gambiae) and Puerto Rico (Ae. aegypti) strains were 9.2 and 12.2, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates that DFDT is unlikely to be a viable public health vector control insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J Norris
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Fabien Demares
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Bloomquist
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Abstract
Pyrethroid contact insecticides are mainstays of malaria control, but their efficacies are declining due to widespread insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquito populations, a major public health challenge. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome this challenge, including insecticides with new modes of action. New insecticides, however, can be expensive to implement in low-income countries. Here, we report a simple and inexpensive method to improve the efficacy of deltamethrin, the most active and most commonly used pyrethroid, by more than 10 times against Anopheles mosquitoes. Upon heating for only a few minutes, the commercially available deltamethrin crystals, form I, melt and crystallize upon cooling into a polymorph, form II, which is much faster acting against fruit flies and mosquitoes. Epidemiological modeling suggests that the use of form II in indoor residual spraying in place of form I would significantly suppress malaria transmission, even in the presence of high levels of resistance. The simple preparation of form II, coupled with its kinetic stability and markedly higher efficacy, argues that form II can provide a powerful, timely, and affordable malaria control solution for low-income countries that are losing protection in the face of worldwide pyrethroid resistance.
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20
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Ogawa Y, Tokunaga E, Kobayashi O, Hirai K, Shibata N. Current Contributions of Organofluorine Compounds to the Agrochemical Industry. iScience 2020; 23:101467. [PMID: 32891056 PMCID: PMC7479632 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than 1,200 agrochemicals are listed and many of these are regularly used by farmers to generate the food supply to support the expanding global population. However, resistance to pesticides is an ever more frequently occurring phenomenon, and thus, a continuous supply of novel agrochemicals with high efficiency, selectivity, and low toxicity is required. Moreover, the demand for a more sustainable society, by reducing the risk chemicals pose to human health and by minimizing their environmental footprint, renders the development of novel agrochemicals an ever more challenging undertaking. In the last two decades, fluoro-chemicals have been associated with significant advances in the agrochemical development process. We herein analyze the contribution that organofluorine compounds make to the agrochemical industry. Our database covers 424 fluoro-agrochemicals and is subdivided into several categories including chemotypes, mode of action, heterocycles, and chirality. This in-depth analysis reveals the unique relationship between fluorine and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ogawa
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tokunaga
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Osamu Kobayashi
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirai
- Sagami Chemical Research Institute, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa 252-1193, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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21
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Yang X, Leng X, Qi Y, Zhang J, Jiang R, Li W, Zhong H. Monitoring of adsorption and transfer of organochlorines in soybean seeds and sprouts with mass spectrometric imaging. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1130:10-19. [PMID: 32892928 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development of analytical techniques that can monitor the adsorption, transfer and in-situ distribution of environmental pollutants in agricultural products is essential to ensure the implementation of stringent food safety standards for consumer protection. A mass spectrometric imaging approach is described herein to investigate the dynamic changes and spatial distributions of 4, 4'-DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) in soybean seeds and sprouts during the growth. Soy beans seeds incubated in DDT containing water were sliced in every 20 μm and directly blotted on the surface of a compressed thin film of (Bi2O3)0.07(CoO)0.03(ZnO)0.9 nanoparticles. Endogenous molecules and exogenous DDT compounds in soy bean seeds were ionized and dissociated by photoelectrons that are generated on surfaces of semiconductor nanoparticles upon the irradiation of the 3rd harmonic (355 nm) of Nd3+:YAG laser. Structural identification is achieved by the interpretation of fragment ions resulting from electron-initiated specific bond cleavages or hole oxidization. Mass spectrometric images reveal increased quantities of DDT residues in soy bean seeds and sprouts during the growth. It provides an in situ way without extensive sample preparation to monitor the transfer and distribution of exogenous pollutants as well as the possible impacts on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Xiebin Leng
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Yinghua Qi
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Ruowei Jiang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Weidan Li
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Hongying Zhong
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, PR China.
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22
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Pederson T. Snatched from oblivion: “second lives” of bespoke drugs. FASEB J 2020; 34:1-2. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thoru Pederson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA
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