1
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Martínez-Bueno A, Martín S, Ortega J, Folcia CL, Termine R, Golemme A, Giménez R, Sierra T. Effect of Hydrogen Bonding and Chirality in Star-Shaped Molecules with Peripheral Triphenylamines: Liquid Crystal Semiconductors and Gels. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:4343-4356. [PMID: 38770010 PMCID: PMC11104488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c03241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors with well-defined architectures pose a suitable alternative to amorphous silicon-based inorganic semiconductors. Encouraged by the development of organic semiconductors based on columnar liquid crystals, herein, we report on a family of C3-symmetric star-shaped mesogens based on triphenylamine (TPA), a functional unit with strong electron donor character. Highly stable columnar phases with high hole mobility values were obtained out of this nonplanar functional unit, and this was achieved by using flexible amide spacers to join the TPA units to a tris(triazolyl)triazine (T) star-shaped core, allowing the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The presence of hydrogen bonds results in a stabilization of the columnar architectures either in bulk or in the presence of solvents by reinforcing π-stacking and van der Waals interactions, as deduced by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Furthermore, the introduction of a stereogenic center in the flexible spacer prompts the formation of chiral aggregates in the liquid crystal state and in the organogel formed in 1-octanol, as demonstrated by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Santiago Martín
- Departamento
de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad
de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josu Ortega
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - César L. Folcia
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Roberto Termine
- CNR-NANOTEC
SS di Rende, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università
della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Attilio Golemme
- CNR-NANOTEC
SS di Rende, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università
della Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Raquel Giménez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Teresa Sierra
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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E V, Ghadei SK, Ruidas S, Bhakta V, Sakthivel R, Sankaran KJ, Bhaumik A, Dalapati S. A Metal-Free Triazacoronene-Based Bimodal VOC Sensor. ACS Sens 2024; 9:251-261. [PMID: 38207113 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing suitable sensors for selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial for monitoring indoor and outdoor air quality. VOCs are very harmful to our health upon inhalation or contact. Bimodal sensor materials with more than one transduction capability (optical and electrical) offer the ability to extract complementary information from the individual analyte, thus improving detection accuracy and performance. The privilege of manipulating the optoelectronic properties of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-based semiconducting materials offers rapid signal transduction in multimodal sensing applications. A thiophene-functionalized triazacoronene (TTAC) donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type sensor is reported here for VOC sensing. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of the TTAC revealed that a distinctive supramolecular polymer architecture was formed because of cooperative π-π and intermolecular D-A interactions and exhibited rapid signal transduction upon exposure to specific VOCs. The TTAC-embedded green luminescent paper-based test strip exhibited an on-off fluorescence response upon nitrobenzene vapor exposure for 120 s. The selective and rapid response is due to the fast photoinduced electron transfer, as is evident from the time-resolved excited-state dynamics and density functional theory studies. The thick-film-based prototype chemiresistive sensor detects harmful VOCs in a custom-made gas sensing system including benzene, toluene, and nitrobenzene. The TTAC sensor rapidly responds (200 s) at relatively low temperatures (180 οC) compared to other reported metal-oxide-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadharajan E
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Surya Kanta Ghadei
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Santu Ruidas
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Viki Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Ramasamy Sakthivel
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | | | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
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3
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Behera PK, Yadav K, Patra A, Gupta RK, Rao DSS, Kumar S, Pandey UK, Achalkumar AS. Highly Soluble Ambipolar anti-Perylene-3,4 : 9,10-bis(benzimidazole)s Stabilize a Room-Temperature Columnar Hexagonal Phase. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302187. [PMID: 37529862 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of highly soluble perylene anti-bis(4,5-dialkoxybenzimidazole)s bearing branched flexible chains stabilizing room temperature columnar hexagonal phase and with balanced ambipolar charge carrier mobility is reported for the first time. Only the anti isomer was successfully separated and characterized. These compounds have a high extinction coefficient, small optical band gap and wide absorption range, thus making them a promising class of ambipolar organic semiconductors capable of self-organizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kajal Yadav
- Organic & Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, 201314, India
| | - Alakananda Patra
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560080, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - D S Shankar Rao
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Arkavathi Campus, Survey No.7 Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru, 562162, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560080, India
- Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Upendra Kumar Pandey
- Organic & Flexible Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, 201314, India
| | - Ammathnadu Sudhakar Achalkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Sustainable Polymers, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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4
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Gupta M, Krishna Km A, Sony S, Dhingra S, Shah A, Singh DP. First examples of room-temperature discotic nematic liquid crystals exhibiting ambipolar charge carrier mobilities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10652-10655. [PMID: 37581217 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02440g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Four new room-temperature nematic liquid-crystalline (LC) dimers consisting of a wedge-shaped 3,4,5-tridecyloxy gallic ester molecule linked to either cyanobiphenyl, cholesteryl, pentaalkynylbenzene or triphenylene based moieties are reported. Dimers with pentaalkynylbenzene and triphenylene moieties in their room-temperature discotic nematic (ND) mesophase show ambipolar charge carrier mobilities of the order of 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, as measured using a time-of-flight (ToF) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT-Ropar) Bara Phool, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Abhinand Krishna Km
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT-Ropar) Bara Phool, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Simran Sony
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar (IIT-Ropar) Bara Phool, Punjab-140001, India.
| | - Shallu Dhingra
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Sector-81, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, Mohali 140306, India
| | - Asmita Shah
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Calais F-62228, France
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Calais F-62228, France
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5
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Choi YJ, Koo J, Wi Y, Jang J, Oh M, Rim M, Ko H, Yoon WJ, You NH, Jeong KU. Coatable Negative Dispersion Retarder: Kinetically Controlled Self-Assembly Pathway of Butterfly-Shaped Molecular Building Blocks for the Construction of Nanocolumns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:41000-41006. [PMID: 37585907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Disc-shaped building blocks with columnar phases have attracted attention for their potential in optical applications, including a retarder. However, to achieve coatable high-performance optical films, it is essential to understand a subtle interaction balance between building blocks and relevant self-assembled behaviors during material processing. Herein, we studied a self-assembled nanocolumn evaluation of linear butterfly-shaped dendrons (T-A3D) consisting of thiophene-based conjugated core and flexible alkyl dendron. X-ray diffraction provided insight into the unique hexagonal columnar liquid crystal phase of T-A3D, driven by intermolecular hydrogen bonding and coplanarity of the thiophene-based conjugated core. The formation of a self-assembled nanocolumn with high mobility enabled the uniaxial orientation of butterfly-shaped T-A3D on the aligned rod-shaped nematic reactive mesogens, resulting in a transparent and colorless two-layered negative retarder. The self-assembled nanocolumn consisting of butterfly-shaped molecule would break a new ground for developing advanced optical thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jahyeon Koo
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjae Wi
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhwa Jang
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Mintaek Oh
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Rim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoon Ko
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Nam-Ho You
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Chudong-ro 92, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Nanoconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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6
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Savin AV, Dmitriev SV. Influence of the internal degrees of freedom of coronene molecules on the nonlinear dynamics of a columnar chain. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:054216. [PMID: 37329037 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.054216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear dynamics of a one-dimensional molecular crystal in the form of a chain of planar coronene molecules is analyzed. Using molecular dynamics, it is shown that a chain of coronene molecules supports acoustic solitons, rotobreathers, and discrete breathers. An increase in the size of planar molecules in a chain leads to an increase in the number of internal degrees of freedom. This results in an increase in the rate of emission of phonons from spatially localized nonlinear excitations and a decrease in their lifetime. Presented results contribute to the understanding of the effect of the rotational and internal vibrational modes of molecules on the nonlinear dynamics of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Savin
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey V Dmitriev
- Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics, Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Oktyabrya Ave. 151, 450075 Ufa, Russia
- Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Kosmonavtov St. 1, 450062 Ufa, Russia
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7
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Abstract
With the advent of a new era of smart-technology, the demand for more economic optoelectronic materials that do not compromise with efficiency is gradually on the rise. Organic semiconductors provide greener alternatives to the conventional inorganic ones, but encounter the challenge of balancing charge carrier mobility with processability in devices. Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs), a class of self-assembling soft organic materials, possess the perfect degree of order and dynamics to address this challenge. Providing unidimensional charge carrier pathways through their nanoscale columnar architecture, DLCs can behave as efficient charge transport systems across a wide range of optoelectronic devices. Moreover, DLCs are solution-processable, thus reducing the fabrication cost. In this article, we have discussed the approaches towards developing DLCs as semiconductors, focusing on their molecular design concepts, supramolecular structures and electronic properties in the context of their charge carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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8
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Chen J, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Research Progress of Organic Small-Molecule Semiconductors with High Electron Mobilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210772. [PMID: 36519670 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics has made great progress in the past decades, which is inseparable from the innovative development of organic electronic devices and the diversity of organic semiconductor materials. It is worth mentioning that both of these great advances are inextricably linked to the development of organic high-performance semiconductor materials, especially the representative n-type organic small-molecule semiconductor materials with high electron mobilities. The n-type organic small molecules have the advantages of simple synthesis process, strong intermolecular stacking, tunable molecular structure, and easy to functionalize structures. Furthermore, the n-type semiconductor is a remarkable and important component for constructing complementary logic circuits and p-n heterojunction structures. Therefore, n-type organic semiconductors play an extremely important role in the field of organic electronic materials and are the basis for the industrialization of organic electronic functional devices. This review focuses on the modification strategies of organic small molecules with high electron mobility at molecular level, and discusses in detail the applications of n-type small-molecule semiconductor materials with high mobility in organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting transistors, organic photodetectors, and gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Kumar N, Samal PP, Mahapatra A, De J, Pal SK, Mishra P, Nayak A. Deciphering pressure-induced nanoarchitectonics in a monolayer of heterocoronene-based discotics at air-water and air-solid interfaces. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1513-1522. [PMID: 36727296 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01317g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and control of molecular alignment at the nanoscale in self-assembled supramolecular structures is a prerequisite for the subsequent exploitation of molecules in functional devices. Here, we have clarified the surface-pressure induced molecular nanoarchitectures in a monolayer of a heterocoronene-based discotic liquid crystal (DLC) at air-water and air-solid interfaces using surface manometry, real-time Brewster angle microscopy, and real-space atomic force microscopy (AFM). Chloroform-spread DLCs at a concentration of ∼108 μM exhibit floating domains at the air-water interface comprising small aggregates of edge-on stacked molecules interacting via peripheral alkyl chains. Detailed analysis of surface manometry and relaxation measurements reveal that, upon compression, these domains coalesce to form a coherent monolayer which then undergoes irreversible structural transformations via mechanisms such as monolayer loss due to desorption and localized nucleation of defects. AFM images of the films transferred on a hydrophilic substrate reveal that with increasing surface-pressure, the nanoscale structure of the monolayer transforms from randomly oriented nanowires to tightly-packed nanowire domains, and finally to fragmented wire segments which diffuse locally above the film. These results provide a facile method for the preparation of compact, two-dimensional films of ambipolar DLC molecules with a tunable nanoarchitecture which will be crucial for their applications in nanoscale electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India.
| | | | - Anwesha Mahapatra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India.
| | - Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Mishra
- Department of Physics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India.
| | - Alpana Nayak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India.
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10
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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De J, Sarkar I, Yadav RAK, Bala I, Gupta SP, Siddiqui I, Jou JH, Pal SK. Luminescent columnar discotics as highly efficient emitters in pure deep-blue OLEDs with an external quantum efficiency of 4.7. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4214-4219. [PMID: 34935025 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Development of materials that serve as efficient blue emitters in solution-processable OLEDs is challenging. In this study, we report three derivatives of C3-symmetric 1,3,5-tris(thien-2-yl)benzene-based highly luminescent room temperature columnar discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) suitable as solid-state emitters in OLED devices. When employed in solution-processed OLEDs, one of the derivatives having the highest photoluminescence quantum yield exhibited a maximum EQE of 4.7% and CIE chromaticity of (0.16, 0.05) corresponding to the ultra deep-blue emission. The finding is sufficiently significant in the field of DLC-based deep blue emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Ishan Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Rohit Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | | | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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12
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Rybak P, Krowczynski A, Szydlowska J, Pociecha D, Gorecka E. Chiral columns forming a lattice with a giant unit cell. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2006-2011. [PMID: 35188168 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01585k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesogenic materials, quinoxaline derivatives with semi-flexible cores, are reported to form a new type of 3D columnar phase with a large crystallographic unit cell and Fddd lattice below the columnar hexagonal phase. The 3D columnar structure is a result of frustration imposed by the arrangement of helical columns of opposite chiralities into a triangular lattice. The studied materials exhibit fluorescence properties that could be easily tuned by modification of the molecular structure; for compounds with the extended π electron conjugated systems the fluorescence is quenched. For molecules with a flexible structure the fluorescence quantum yield reaches 25%. On the other hand, compounds with a more rigid mesogenic core, for which the fluorescence is suppressed, show effective photogeneration of charge carriers. For some materials bi-polar hole and electron transport was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Rybak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adam Krowczynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Szydlowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Damian Pociecha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Gorecka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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13
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Borissov A, Maurya YK, Moshniaha L, Wong WS, Żyła-Karwowska M, Stępień M. Recent Advances in Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2022; 122:565-788. [PMID: 34850633 PMCID: PMC8759089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review surveys recent progress in the chemistry of polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules with a focus on structural diversity and synthetic methodology. The article covers literature published during the period of 2016-2020, providing an update to our first review of this topic (Chem. Rev. 2017, 117 (4), 3479-3716).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet
Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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14
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Rakumitsu K, Fujii M, Kusumoto S, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I, Yokoyama A. Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of methyl-substituted coronene amide analogue. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26411-26417. [PMID: 36275098 PMCID: PMC9479769 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A coronene amide analogue was synthesized in six steps using an improved method at the final biarylation step. The key to the progress of palladium-mediated biarylation involved the introduction of three methyl groups to suppress the undesired reaction and the use of tri-tert-butylphosphine as the ligand for palladium. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the core unit of the coronene analogue has a non-planar structure. The palladium-mediated intramolecular biarylation of the cyclic triamide of 2-bromo-4-(isobutylamino)benzoic acid proceeded effectively by the introduction of three methyl groups and the use of tri-tert-butylphosphine as the ligand.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Rakumitsu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Miho Fujii
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
| | - Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Shoko Kikkawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Isao Azumaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yokoyama
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachi, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan
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15
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Vadivel M, Singh S, Singh DP, Raghunathan VA, Kumar S. Ambipolar Charge Transport Properties of Naphthophenanthridine Discotic Liquid Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10364-10372. [PMID: 34482689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel naphthophenanthridine derivatives are synthesized via N-annulation of hexabutoxytriphenylene-1-amine with various aliphatic aldehydes through the Pictet-Spengler reaction. The synthesized derivatives have been found to self-assemble into a columnar hexagonal mesophase over a wide temperature range, as validated through polarized optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction experiments. The photophysical properties of these compounds were studied using UV-visible and emission spectroscopy. The synthesized compounds exhibit ambipolar charge transport, showing temperature-independent electron and hole mobility on the order of 3 × 10-4 cm2/V s, as evaluated by the time-of-flight technique. These novel N-annulated derivatives can be of immense potential toward semiconducting applications of self-assembling supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marichandran Vadivel
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, Calais F-62228, France
| | - V A Raghunathan
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Soft Condensed Matter Group, Raman Research Institute, C.V.Raman Avenue, Bengaluru 560080, India.,Department of Chemistry, Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT), Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
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16
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Liu B, Yang T, Mu X, Mai Z, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou G. Smart Supramolecular Self-Assembled Nanosystem: Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Liquid Crystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:448. [PMID: 33578814 PMCID: PMC7916626 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In a liquid crystal (LC) state, specific orientations and alignments of LC molecules produce outstanding anisotropy in structure and properties, followed by diverse optoelectronic functions. Besides organic LC molecules, other nonclassical components, including inorganic nanomaterials, are capable of self-assembling into oriented supramolecular LC mesophases by non-covalent interactions. Particularly, huge differences in size, shape, structure and properties within these components gives LC supramolecules higher anisotropy and feasibility. Therefore, hydrogen bonds have been viewed as the best and the most common option for supramolecular LCs, owing to their high selectivity and directionality. In this review, we summarize the newest advances in self-assembled structure, stimulus-responsive capability and application of supramolecular hydrogen-bonded LC nanosystems, to provide novel and immense potential for advancing LC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijian Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (B.L.); (T.Y.); (X.M.); (Z.M.); (G.Z.)
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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17
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Min Y, Dou C, Tian H, Liu J, Wang L. Isomers of B←N‐Fused Dibenzo‐azaacenes: How B←N Affects Opto‐electronic Properties and Device Behaviors? Chemistry 2021; 27:4364-4372. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science 5625 Renmin Rd. Changchun 130022 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science 19(A) Yuquan Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science 5625 Renmin Rd. Changchun 130022 China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science 5625 Renmin Rd. Changchun 130022 China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science 5625 Renmin Rd. Changchun 130022 China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science 5625 Renmin Rd. Changchun 130022 China
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18
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Das S, Choudhury A, Mandal A, Kumar C, Ranjan Sahoo S, Bedi A, Shekhar Karmakar H, Gopal Ghosh N, Dey S, Krishnan Iyer P, Bhattacharyya S, Zade SS. An unconventional route to an ambipolar azaheterocycle and its in situ generated radical anion. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5114-5120. [PMID: 34018542 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00826a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, characterization and application of an azaheterocycle 4 obtained via an unprecedented C-N coupling. The neutral azaheterocycle undergoes one-electron reduction to form an air-stable radical anion in situ, which provides added benefit towards operational stability of the device during n-type charge transport. The unusual stability of this radical anion is due to the fact that the fused cyclopentane ring upon reduction forms aromatic cyclopentadienyl anion, and the negative charge delocalizes over the nearly planar azaheterocycle core. The present azaheterocycle can be considered as a mimic of a fullerene fragment, which shows balanced ambipolar charge transport in space charge limited current (SCLC) devices with moderate hole (μh) and electron (μe) mobilities (μh = 2.96 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and μe = 1.11 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). Theoretical studies such as nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) calculations, anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) plots, spin density mapping and anisotropic mobility calculations were performed to corroborate the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarasija Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anwesha Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Arnab Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Chandan Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Smruti Ranjan Sahoo
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand-826004, India
| | - Anjan Bedi
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Himadri Shekhar Karmakar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Nani Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Somnath Dey
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Jägerstraße 17-19, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sanjio S Zade
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India.
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19
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Yokoyama A, Ishii A, Ohishi T, Kikkawa S, Azumaya I. Synthesis of a coronene analogue containing an amide bond by Pd-mediated intramolecular C C bond formation of 2-halogenated 4-(alkylamino)benzoic acid cyclic trimer. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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20
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Marques CS, Cruz H, Lawrence SE, Gago S, Prates Ramalho JP, Morgado J, Branco LC, Burke AJ. Ambipolar pentacyclic diamides with interesting electrochemical and optoelectronic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14893-14896. [PMID: 33179658 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developing organic semiconductors for organic thin film transistors (OTFT) and optoelectronic applications is a challenge. We developed highly crystalline pentacyclic diimides (3) and (4) which showed good OTFT and OLED potential and energy gaps of 2.60 eV and 2.54 eV. They exhibited interesting photo and eletroluminescence activity. Both compounds showed good quantum yields (0.56 for (3) and 0.60 for (4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Marques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Cruz
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Simon E Lawrence
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra Gago
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João P Prates Ramalho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal. and Departamento de Química, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal and Laboratório Hercules, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Instituto de Telecomunicações and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís C Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Anthony J Burke
- LAQV-REQUIMTE - University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal. and Departamento de Química, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
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21
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De J, M M AH, Yadav RAK, Gupta SP, Bala I, Chawla P, Kesavan KK, Jou JH, Pal SK. AIE-active mechanoluminescent discotic liquid crystals for applications in OLEDs and bio-imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14279-14282. [PMID: 33125010 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05813k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A multifunctional molecular design of fluorescent discotic liquid crystal (DLC) consisting of a tetraphenylethylene core is reported, which is found to serve as an excellent solid-state emitter in OLED devices with EQE of 4.4% and tunable mechanochromism. X-ray diffraction studies unveiled that change in supramolecular self-assembly is the physical origin of mechanochromism. The luminescent DLC molecule has been shown to act as a highly selective probe for labelling acidic cellular compartments (such as lysosomes) in bio-imaging using HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli 140306, India.
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22
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De J, Devi M, Shah A, Gupta SP, Bala I, Singh DP, Douali R, Pal SK. Luminescent Conductive Columnar π-Gelators for Fe(II) Sensing and Bio-Imaging Applications. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10257-10265. [PMID: 33136408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The high demand and scarcity of luminescent, photoconductive, and transparent gels necessitate its finding as they are potential components in photonic devices such as solar cell concentrators where optical losses via scattering and reabsorption require to be minimized. In this direction, we have reported highly transparent, blue luminescent as well as photoconductive gels exhibiting the hole mobility of 10-3 cm2/V s at ambient temperature as investigated by the time-of-flight technique. The π-driven self-standing supergels were formed using triazole-modified phenylene-vinylene derivatives as gelators in a nonpolar solvent. Different microscopic studies revealed its entangled network of interwoven fibrilar self-assembly and anisotropic order in the gel state. Supramolecular assembly of xerogels, studied by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) suggesting their local columnar hexagonal (Colh) superstructure, is beneficial for conducting gels. Rheological measurements direct the stiffness and robustness of the organogels. In addition, the gelators were developed as a sensing platform for the ultrasensitive detection of Fe(II) ions at ppb level. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) titrimetric studies revealed that the interaction of the H-atom of triazole units with Fe(II) is responsible for quenching of blue fluorescence. Also, one of the gelators was successfully applied in bio-imaging using the pollen grains of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Manisha Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Asmita Shah
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, F-62228 Calais, France
| | | | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Redouane Douali
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR 4476, UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires, F-62228 Calais, France
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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23
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Birudula S, Prabhu DD, Ghosh T, B A, Das S, Vijayaraghavan RK. Directed Self-Organization Ensured Enhancement of Charge Carrier Mobilities in a Star-Shaped Organic Semiconductor. Chemistry 2020; 26:11135-11140. [PMID: 32428357 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Controlled self-organization of organic semiconductor molecules into specifically desired architectures on substrates of interest is one of the most imperative challenges faced in the fabrication of high-performance organic electronic devices. Herein, we report the self-organization of a star-shaped molecule FDT-8 into a highly favored structure, namely, a vertical stack. Thermal annealing of films of FDT-8 deposited on PEDOT: PSS coated ITO substrates was observed to assist the organization of the molecules into columnar stacks. A significant enhancement in the hole (≈50-fold) and the electron (≈13-fold) carrier mobility was observed in single-carrier devices upon thermal annealing that could be attributed to the aforementioned self-organization. The ability of these molecules to spontaneously self-organize was utilized to fabricate bilayer light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Birudula
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Deepak D Prabhu
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Science and Technology Division, NIIST (CSIR), Trivandrum, 695019, India
| | - Tapan Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Adara B
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Suresh Das
- Photosciences and Photonics, Chemical Science and Technology Division, NIIST (CSIR), Trivandrum, 695019, India.,School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Ratheesh K Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India
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24
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Bala I, De J, Gupta SP, Singh H, Pandey UK, Pal SK. High hole mobility in room temperature discotic liquid crystalline tetrathienoanthracenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5629-5632. [PMID: 32300763 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tetrathienoanthracene (TTA), a new discotic core fragment, is explored that shows a remarkably high hole mobility (μh) of 4.22 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature when used in space-charge limited current (SCLC) devices. Strong co-facial interactions (π-π, SS) among TTA cores along with a high tendency of the derivative to align homeotropically in the columnar mesophase over a large area in SCLC cells contributed to the top-class charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Joydip De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | | | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
| | - Upendra Kumar Pandey
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Energy Research (ICER), Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore, India and Present Address: Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, India.
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli-140306, India.
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25
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Chen L, Chen C, Sun Y, Lu S, Huo H, Tan T, Li A, Li X, Ungar G, Liu F, Zhang M. Luminescent Metallacycle‐Cored Liquid Crystals Induced by Metal Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsShaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsShaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials ScienceCollege of Chemistry and Material SciencesSouth-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
- College of ChemistryZhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P. R. China
| | - Haohui Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsShaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsShaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Anquan Li
- School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsShaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsShaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsShaanxi International Research Center for Soft MatterSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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26
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Chen L, Chen C, Sun Y, Lu S, Huo H, Tan T, Li A, Li X, Ungar G, Liu F, Zhang M. Luminescent Metallacycle-Cored Liquid Crystals Induced by Metal Coordination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10143-10150. [PMID: 32080962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two rhomboidal metallacycles based on metal-coordination-driven self-assembly are presented. Because metal-coordination interactions restrict the rotation of phenyl groups on tetraphenylethene units, these metallacycles were emissive both in solution and in solid state, and their aggregation-induced emission properties were well-retained. Moreover, the rhomboidal metallacyclic structures offer a platform for intermolecular packing beneficial for the formation of liquid crystalline phases. Therefore, although neither of building blocks shows mesogenic properties, both thermotropic and lyotropic (in DMF) mesophases were observed in one of metallacycles, indicating that mesophases could be induced by metal-coordination interactions. This study not only reveals the mechanism for the formation of cavity-cored liquid crystals, but also provides a convenient approach to preparing supramolecular luminescent liquid crystals, which will serve as good candidates for chemo sensors and liquid crystal displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Changlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haohui Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Anquan Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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27
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Shah A, Duponchel B, Gowda A, Kumar S, Becuwe M, Davoisne C, Legrand C, Douali R, Singh DP. Charge transport in phenazine-fused triphenylene discotic mesogens doped with CdS nanowires. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03290e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of oleylamine capped CdS nanowires and we have dispersed a small optimized amount of these NWs in the Colh phase of a recently synthesized phenazine-fused-triphenylene discotic liquid crystal to understand the temperature-dependent charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Shah
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Benoit Duponchel
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM, Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-59140 Dunkerque
- France
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Raman Research Institute
- Bangalore
- India
- Department of Chemistry
- Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT)
| | - Matthieu Becuwe
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS)
- UMR CNRS 7314
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
- Amiens
- France
| | - Carine Davoisne
- Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS)
- UMR CNRS 7314
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
- Amiens
- France
| | - Christian Legrand
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Redouane Douali
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
| | - Dharmendra Pratap Singh
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale
- UR 4476
- UDSMM
- Unité de Dynamique et Structure des Matériaux Moléculaires
- F-62228 Calais
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28
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Concellón A, Termine R, Golemme A, Romero P, Marcos M, Serrano JL. Semiconducting and electropolymerizable liquid crystalline carbazole-containing porphyrin-core dendrimers. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized porphyrin-core dendrimers with peripheral carbazole moieties, which can be electrochemically crosslinked. Moreover, these dendrimers exhibit discotic nematic liquid crystal phases with high hole mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Roberto Termine
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Universitá della Calabria
- 87036 Rende
| | - Attilio Golemme
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Universitá della Calabria
- 87036 Rende
| | - Pilar Romero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Mercedes Marcos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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