1
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Kehoe RA, Lowry A, Light ME, Jones DJ, Byrne PA, McGlacken GP. Regioselective Partial Hydrogenation and Deuteration of Tetracyclic (Hetero)aromatic Systems Using a Simple Heterogeneous Catalyst. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400102. [PMID: 38214926 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of added '3-dimensionality' through late-stage functionalisation of extended (hetero)aromatic systems is a powerful synthetic approach. The abundance of starting materials and cross-coupling methodologies to access the precursors allows for highly diverse products. Subsequent selective partial reduction can alter the core structure in a manner of interest to medicinal chemists. Herein, we describe the precise, partial reduction of multicyclic heteroaromatic systems using a simple heterogeneous catalyst. The approach can be extended to introduce deuterium (again at late-stage). Excellent yields can be obtained using simple reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta A Kehoe
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Robert Kane Building, Western Road, Cork
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick, Limerick
| | - Amy Lowry
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Robert Kane Building, Western Road, Cork
| | - Mark E Light
- Department of Chemistry, University of, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - David J Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph-Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A Byrne
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick, Limerick
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gerard P McGlacken
- School of Chemistry, Analytical and Biological Chemistry Research Facility, University College Cork, Robert Kane Building, Western Road, Cork
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC), University of Limerick, Limerick
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2
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Bhatt T, Natte K. Transfer Hydrogenation of N- and O-Containing Heterocycles Including Pyridines with H 3N-BH 3 Under the Catalysis of the Homogeneous Ruthenium Precatalyst. Org Lett 2024; 26:866-871. [PMID: 38270139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we report a transfer hydrogenation protocol that utilizes borane-ammonia (H3N-BH3) as the hydrogen source and a commercially available RuCl3·xH2O precatalyst for the selective aromatic reduction of quinolines, quinoxalines, pyridines, pyrazines, indoles, benzofurans, and furan derivatives to form the corresponding alicyclic heterocycles in good to excellent isolated yields. Applications of this straightforward protocol include the efficient preparation of useful key pharmaceutical intermediates, such as donepezil and flumequine, including a biologically active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Bhatt
- Laboratory for Sustainable Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore Natte
- Laboratory for Sustainable Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502 285, Telangana, India
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3
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Lyons TW, Leibler INM, He CQ, Gadamsetty S, Estrada GJ, Doyle AG. Broad Survey of Selectivity in the Heterogeneous Hydrogenation of Heterocycles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1438-1445. [PMID: 38241605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
A broad survey of heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts has been conducted for the reduction of heterocycles commonly found in pharmaceuticals. The comparative reactivity of these substrates is reported as a function of catalyst, temperature, and hydrogen pressure. This analysis provided several catalysts with complementary reactivity between substrates. We then explored a series of bisheterocyclic substrates that provided an intramolecular competition of heterocycle hydrogenation reactivity. In several cases, complete selectivity could be achieved for reduction of one heterocycle and isolated yields are reported. A general trend in reactivity is inferred in which quinoline is the most reactive, followed by pyrazine, then pyrrole and with pyridine being the least reactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Lyons
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Cyndi Qixin He
- Modeling & Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Surendra Gadamsetty
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Gregorio J Estrada
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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4
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Siddiqi Z, Bingham TW, Shimakawa T, Hesp KD, Shavnya A, Sarlah D. Oxidative Dearomatization of Pyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2358-2363. [PMID: 38230893 PMCID: PMC11006438 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization of pyridines is a well-established synthetic approach to access piperidines. Although remarkably powerful, existing dearomatization processes have been limited to the hydrogenation or addition of carbon-based nucleophiles to activated pyridiniums. Here, we show that arenophile-mediated dearomatizations can be applied to pyridines to directly introduce heteroatom functionalities without prior substrate activation. The arenophile platform in combination with olefin oxidation chemistry provides access to dihydropyridine cis-diols and epoxides. These previously elusive compounds are now readily accessible and can be used for the downstream preparation of diversely functionalized piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Siddiqi
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tanner W. Bingham
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tsukasa Shimakawa
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kevin D. Hesp
- Treeline Biosciences, 500 Arsenal St, second Floor, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| | - Andre Shavnya
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Sarlah
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Williams S, Qi L, Cox RJ, Kumar P, Xiao J. Hydrogenation of functionalised pyridines with a rhodium oxide catalyst under mild conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1010-1017. [PMID: 38186335 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01860a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Piperidines are one of the most widely used building blocks in the synthesis of pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. The hydrogenation of pyridines is a convenient method to synthesise such compounds as it only requires reactant, catalyst, and a hydrogen source. However, this reaction still remains difficult for the reduction of functionalised and multi-substituted pyridines. Here we report the use of a stable, commercially available rhodium compound, Rh2O3, for the reduction of various unprotected pyridines. The reaction only requires mild conditions, and the substrate scope is broad, making it practically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Leiming Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Robert J Cox
- Chemical Development, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, SK10 2NA, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, L69 7ZD, Liverpool, UK.
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6
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Kim J, Park Y, Chirik PJ. Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of a Phenoxy Radical to the Phenol: Overcoming Catalyst Deactivation with Visible Light Irradiation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19582-19592. [PMID: 37980598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Piano-stool iridium hydride complexes bearing phenylpyridine ligands are effective precatalysts for promoting the formation of element-hydrogen bonds using H2 as the stoichiometric H-atom source. Irradiation with blue light resulted in a profound enhancement of catalyst turnover for the iridium-catalyzed hydrogenation of the aryloxyl radical 2,4,6-tBu3-C6H2O• to the corresponding phenol. Monitoring the progress of the reaction revealed the formation of an iridium 3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl compound arising from two C-H activation events following the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) step. Under thermal conditions, this compound was inactive for catalytic aryloxide hydrogenation, representing a deactivation pathway. Irradiation with blue light under H2 released the free heterocycle and regenerated the piano-stool iridium hydride precatalyst, establishing a pathway for catalyst recovery and overall enhanced turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Laboratory 292, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yoonsu Park
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Laboratory 292, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Frick Laboratory 292, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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7
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Yan C, Cowie M, Howcutt C, Wheelhouse KMP, Hodnett NS, Kollie M, Gildea M, Goodfellow MH, Reid M. Computer vision for non-contact monitoring of catalyst degradation and product formation kinetics. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5323-5331. [PMID: 37234891 PMCID: PMC10208035 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a computer vision strategy for the extraction and colorimetric analysis of catalyst degradation and product-formation kinetics from video footage. The degradation of palladium(ii) pre-catalyst systems to form 'Pd black' is investigated as a widely relevant case study for catalysis and materials chemistries. Beyond the study of catalysts in isolation, investigation of Pd-catalyzed Miyaura borylation reactions revealed informative correlations between colour parameters (most notably ΔE, a colour-agnostic measure of contrast change) and the concentration of product measured by off-line analysis (NMR and LC-MS). The breakdown of such correlations helped inform conditions under which reaction vessels were compromised by air ingress. These findings present opportunities to expand the toolbox of non-invasive analytical techniques, operationally cheaper and simpler to implement than common spectroscopic methods. The approach introduces the capability of analyzing the macroscopic 'bulk' for the study of reaction kinetics in complex mixtures, in complement to the more common study of microscopic and molecular specifics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Yan
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Megan Cowie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Calum Howcutt
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | | | | | - Martin Kollie
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Martin Gildea
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Martin H Goodfellow
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Marc Reid
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
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8
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Abstract
We disclose herein electro-oxidative synthesis as the general protocol for procuring phenazines under mild reaction conditions. Using aerial oxygen as an oxidant, inexpensive electrolyte, and electrodes, a diverse range of phenazines have been accessed in good yields via the ring contraction of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepines. In addition, the syntheses of phenazines and diamino phenazines via direct electro-oxidation of dihydrophenazines and electro-dimerization of o-phenylenediamines, respectively, have also been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
| | - Namrata Kotwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu 181221, J & K, India
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9
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Kumar R, Pandey MK, Bhandari A, Choudhury J. Balancing the Seesaw in Mn-Catalyzed N-Heteroarene Hydrogenation: Mechanism-Inspired Catalyst Design for Simultaneous Taming of Activation and Transfer of H 2. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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10
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Fickenscher ZBG, Lönnecke P, Müller AK, Hollóczki O, Kirchner B, Hey-Hawkins E. Synergistic Catalysis in Heterobimetallic Complexes for Homogeneous Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062574. [PMID: 36985546 PMCID: PMC10059594 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two heterobimetallic Mo,M’ complexes (M’ = IrIII, RhIII) were synthesized and fully characterized. Their catalytic activity in homogeneous carbon dioxide hydrogenation to formate was studied. A pronounced synergistic effect between the two metals was found, most notably between Mo and Ir, leading to a fourfold increase in activity compared with a binary mixture of the two monometallic counterparts. This synergism can be attributed to spatial proximity of the two metals rather than electronic interactions. To further understand the nature of this interaction, the mechanism of the CO2 hydrogenation to formate by a monometallic IrIII catalyst was studied using computational and spectroscopic methods. The resting state of the reaction was found to be the metal-base adduct, whereas the rate-determining step is the inner-sphere hydride transfer to CO2. Based on these findings, the synergism in the heterobimetallic complex is beneficial in this key step, most likely by further activating the CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeno B. G. Fickenscher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna K. Müller
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oldamur Hollóczki
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Barbara Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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De Leon E, Gonzalez F, Bauskar P, Gonzalez-Eymard S, De Los Santos D, Shoshani MM. Amplifying Reactivity of Metal Hydrides: A Heterotrimetallic NiAl 2(μ 2-H) 2 Catalyst for the Dearomatization of N-Heterocycles. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo De Leon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W. University Blvd. Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - Fernando Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W. University Blvd. Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - Preetika Bauskar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W. University Blvd. Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - Sergio Gonzalez-Eymard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W. University Blvd. Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - David De Los Santos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W. University Blvd. Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
| | - Manar M. Shoshani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1 W. University Blvd. Brownsville, Texas 78520, United States
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12
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Jia F, Zhang B. Computational Mechanism Investigation of C=C Bond Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Rhodium Hydride. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200562. [PMID: 36148802 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of unsaturated carbons is a commonly used synthetic tool in pharmaceutical and industrial production. Recently, the Norton group realized highly selective hydrogenation of C=C bonds catalyzed by a rhodium hydride. Despite the great efforts made by experimentalists, details regarding the mechanism remained unclear. In this work, detailed DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate the principal features of this transformation. For enones we find that two possible competing mechanisms proposed by the experimental groups are computationally excluded, our proposed alternative mechanism with a total barrier of 20.0 kcal mol-1 is theoretically feasible, solvent methanol to also plays a crucial role in assisting β-hydrogenation in addition to being the hydrogen source for α-hydrogenation, and the cross-polarization of the substrate enone-conjugated system to result in an enhanced charge density of the α-carbon, which favors being hydrogenated first. For isolated alkenes, neither of the two possible competing mechanisms can be excluded computationally and which carbon atom is first hydrogenated depends on the electronic properties of the substrate itself. The combination of rhodium and C=C bonds changes the electronic properties of H on the rhodium hydride and enhances its hydrogenation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyun Jia
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, 55 Dongshun Road, 637100, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, 55 Dongshun Road, 637100, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
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13
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Kim S, Kim J, Zhong H, Panetti GB, Chirik PJ. Catalytic N–H Bond Formation Promoted by a Ruthenium Hydride Complex Bearing a Redox-Active Pyrimidine-Imine Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20661-20671. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grace B. Panetti
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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14
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Zhu M, Tian H, Chen S, Xue W, Wang Y, Lu H, Li T, Chen F, Tang C. Homogeneous Cobalt Catalyzed Reductive Formylation of N-Heteroarenes with Formic Acid. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Darù A, Martín-Fernández C, Harvey JN. Iron-Catalyzed Kumada Cross-Coupling Reaction Involving Fe 8Me 12– and Related Clusters: A Computational Study. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Darù
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California92037, United States
| | | | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, LeuvenB-3001, Belgium
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16
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Wagener T, Pierau M, Heusler A, Glorius F. Synthesis of Saturated N-Heterocycles via a Catalytic Hydrogenation Cascade. Adv Synth Catal 2022; 364:3366-3371. [PMID: 36589139 PMCID: PMC9796080 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Saturated N-heterocycles are prominent motifs found in various natural products and pharmaceuticals. Despite the increasing interest in this class of compounds, the synthesis of saturated bicyclic azacycles requires tedious multi-step syntheses. Herein, we present a one-pot protocol for the synthesis of octahydroindoles, decahydroquinolines, and octahydroindolizines through a cascade reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wagener
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Marco Pierau
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Arne Heusler
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterOrganisch-Chemisches InstitutCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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17
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Chugh V, Chatterjee B, Chang W, Cramer HH, Hindemith C, Randel H, Weyhermüller T, Farès C, Werlé C. An Adaptive Rhodium Catalyst to Control the Hydrogenation Network of Nitroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205515. [PMID: 35759682 PMCID: PMC9544374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An adaptive catalytic system that provides control over the nitroarene hydrogenation network to prepare a wide range of aniline and hydroxylamine derivatives is presented. This system takes advantage of a delicate interplay between a rhodium(III) center and a Lewis acidic borane introduced in the secondary coordination sphere of the metal. The high chemoselectivity of the catalyst in the presence of various potentially vulnerable functional groups and its readiness to be deployed at a preparative scale illustrate its practicality. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to shed light on the mode of functioning of the catalyst and elucidate the origin of adaptivity. The competition for interaction with boron between a solvent molecule and a substrate was found crucial for adaptivity. When operating in THF, the reduction network stops at the hydroxylamine platform, whereas the reaction can be directed to the aniline platform in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chugh
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Basujit Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Wei‐Chieh Chang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Hanna H. Cramer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Carsten Hindemith
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Helena Randel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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18
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Kaithal A, Wagener T, Bellotti P, Daniliuc CG, Schlichter L, Glorius F. Access to Unexplored 3D Chemical Space:
cis
‐Selective Arene Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of Saturated Cyclic Boronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206687. [PMID: 35612895 PMCID: PMC9400866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new class of saturated boron‐incorporated cyclic molecules has been synthesized employing an arene‐hydrogenation methodology. cis‐Selective hydrogenation of easily accessible, and biologically important molecules comprising benzoxaborole, benzoxaborinin, and benzoxaboripin derivatives is reported. Among the various catalysts tested, rhodium cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene [Rh‐CAAC] (1) pre‐catalyst revealed the best hydrogenation activity confirming turnover number up to 1400 with good to high diastereoselectivity. A broad range of functional groups was tolerated including sensitive substituents such as −F, −CF3, and −silyl groups. The utility of the synthesized products was demonstrated by the recognition of diols and sugars under physiological conditions. These motifs can have a substantial importance in medicinal chemistry as they possess a three‐dimensional structure, are highly stable, soluble in water, form hydrogen bonds, and interact with diols and sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kaithal
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Tobias Wagener
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lisa Schlichter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Westfälische Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) and Organisch-Chemisches Institut Busso-Peus-Str.10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Germany
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19
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Bourriquen F, Hervochon J, Qu R, Bartling S, Rockstroh N, Junge K, Fischmeister C, Beller M. Diastereoselective hydrogenation of arenes and pyridines using supported ruthenium nanoparticles under mild conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8842-8845. [PMID: 35848910 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and practical diastereoselective cis-hydrogenation of multi-substituted pyridines and arenes is reported. Applying a novel heterogeneous ruthenium catalyst, the corresponding piperidines and cyclohexanes are obtained in high yields (typically >80%) with a good functional group tolerance under mild conditions. The robust ruthenium supported catalyst is smoothly prepared and can be reused multiple times without activity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bourriquen
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julien Hervochon
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany. .,Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ruiyang Qu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Nils Rockstroh
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Cédric Fischmeister
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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20
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Chugh V, Chatterjee B, Chang WC, Cramer HH, Hindemith C, Randel H, Weyhermüller T, Farès C, Werlé C. An Adaptive Rhodium Catalyst to Control the Hydrogenation Network of Nitroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chugh
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Basujit Chatterjee
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Wei-Chieh Chang
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Hanna H. Cramer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Carsten Hindemith
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Helena Randel
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis GERMANY
| | - Thomas Weyhermüller
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion: Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Anorganische Spektroskopie GERMANY
| | - Christophe Farès
- Max-Planck-Institute für Kohlenforschung: Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy GERMANY
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut fur chemische Energiekonversion Synergistic Organometallic Catalysis Stiftstrasse 34 - 36 D - 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr GERMANY
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21
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Sergeev EE, Gogin LL, Khlebnikova TB, Zhizhina EG, Pai ZP. Methods for the Catalytic Synthesis of Piperazine. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050422020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Maji B, Bhandari A, Bhattacharya D, Choudhury J. Reusable Single Homogeneous Ir(III)–NHC Catalysts for Bidirectional Hydrogenation–Dehydrogenation of N-Heteroarenes in Water. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babulal Maji
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Anirban Bhandari
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Disha Bhattacharya
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Joyanta Choudhury
- Organometallics & Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal 462066, India
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23
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Liu T, Li C, Bai J, Zhang P, Guo Y, Wang X. Markovnikov‐Selective Hydroboration of Aryl Alkenes Enabled by A Simple Nickel Salt. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianfen Liu
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, High‐Tech District Zhengzhou 450001 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chuhan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jiahui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Panke Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, High‐Tech District Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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24
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Kaithal A, Wagener T, Bellotti P, Daniliuc CG, Schlichter L, Glorius F. Access to Unexplored 3D Chemical Space: cis‐Selective Arene Hydrogenation for the Synthesis of Saturated Cyclic Boronic Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Kaithal
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry Münster GERMANY
| | - Tobias Wagener
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Lisa Schlichter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster GERMANY
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25
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Podyacheva E, Afanasyev OI, Ostrovskii VS, Chusov D. Syngas Instead of Hydrogen Gas as a Reducing Agent─A Strategy To Improve the Selectivity and Efficiency of Organometallic Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Podyacheva
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miasnitskaya Str. 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg I. Afanasyev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir S. Ostrovskii
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Chusov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Miasnitskaya Str. 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
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26
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Scapin E, Zimmer GC, Vieira JC, Rodrigues CA, Afonso CA, Zanatta N, Bonacorso HG, Frizzo CP, Martins MA. Reactivity of trifluoromethyl-tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in click chemistry and hydrogenation. J Fluor Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2022.109973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Song Q, Xu D, David Wang W, Fang J, Sun X, Li F, Li B, Kou J, Zhu H, Dong Z. Ru clusters confined in Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of N-heterocyclic compounds with heterogeneous recyclability. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Zhang J, Liu T, Wang L, Wang X. Recent Process in the in situ Generated Metal Nanocluster Catalysis. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202203060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Li CC, Zhang S, Tang J, Jian R, Xia Y, Zhao L. Pyridine dicarbanion-bonded Ag 13 organometallic nanoclusters: synthesis and on-surface oxidative coupling reaction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8095-8103. [PMID: 35919440 PMCID: PMC9278448 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00989g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented pyridine dicarbanion-bonded Ag13 nanoclusters were constructed according to a macrocycle-involved two-step synthetic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruijun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Vielhaber T, Heizinger C, Topf C. Homogeneous pressure hydrogenation of quinolines effected by a bench-stable tungsten-based pre-catalyst. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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31
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Zhang Y, Yu W, Cao S, Sun Z, Nie X, Liu Y, Zhao Z. Photocatalytic Chemoselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines to Tetrahydroquinolines on Hierarchical NiO/In 2O 3–CdS Microspheres. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaowa Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhongkui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Catalysis Chemistry and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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32
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Visible light enables catalytic formation of weak chemical bonds with molecular hydrogen. Nat Chem 2021; 13:969-976. [PMID: 34253889 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of weak chemical bonds at or near thermodynamic potential is a fundamental challenge in chemistry, with applications ranging from catalysis to biology to energy science. Proton-coupled electron transfer using molecular hydrogen is an attractive strategy for synthesizing weak element-hydrogen bonds, but the intrinsic thermodynamics presents a challenge for reactivity. Here we describe the direct photocatalytic synthesis of extremely weak element-hydrogen bonds of metal amido and metal imido complexes, as well as organic compounds with bond dissociation free energies as low as 31 kcal mol-1. Key to this approach is the bifunctional behaviour of the chromophoric iridium hydride photocatalyst. Activation of molecular hydrogen occurs in the ground state and the resulting iridium hydride harvests visible light to enable spontaneous formation of weak chemical bonds near thermodynamic potential with no by-products. Photophysical and mechanistic studies corroborate radical-based reaction pathways and highlight the uniqueness of this photodriven approach in promoting new catalytic chemistry.
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33
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Charvillat T, Bernardelli P, Daumas M, Pannecoucke X, Ferey V, Besset T. Hydrogenation of fluorinated molecules: an overview. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8178-8192. [PMID: 34060550 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00736f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The review aims at providing an overview on the developments made in hydrogenation reactions of molecules having various fluorinated groups (F, CF3, CF2H, CF2Rf). Indeed, the hydrogenation of fluorine-containing molecules is a straightforward and atom-economical way to access challenging (chiral) fluorinated scaffolds. This promising field is still in its infancy and milestones are expected in the coming years. To illustrate that, the review will highlight the major contributions made in that field and will be organized by fluorinated groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Charvillat
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - P Bernardelli
- Sanofi Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Small Molecule Medicinal Chemistry, 1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, 91385 Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - M Daumas
- Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - X Pannecoucke
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - V Ferey
- Sanofi R&D, 371 rue du Professeur Blayac, 34184 Montpellier, France
| | - T Besset
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), 76000 Rouen, France.
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34
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Szczepkowska AM, Janeta M, Siczek M, Tylus W, Trzeciak AM, Bury W. Immobilization of Rh(I) precursor in a porphyrin metal-organic framework - turning on the catalytic activity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9051-9058. [PMID: 34008670 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00518a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two model porphyrin metal-organic frameworks were used for the incorporation of Rh(i) species by a post-synthetic metallation under mild conditions. As a result, new rhodium MOFs (Rh/MOFs), Rh/PCN-222 and Rh/NU-1102, were synthesized and structurally characterized. To illustrate the potential of this catalytic platform, we use Rh/MOFs as phosphine-free heterogeneous catalysts in the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons under mild reaction conditions (30 °C and 1 atm H2). We found that for our Rh/MOFs an activation step is required during the first run of the catalytic process. The presence of Rh-CO moieties allowed us to monitor the activation pathway of the catalyst under a H2 atmosphere, by in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). After activation, the catalyst remains highly active during the subsequent catalytic cycles. This simple post-synthetic modification approach presents new possibilities for the utilization of Rh-based catalytic systems with robust porphyrin-based MOFs as supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Szczepkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Janeta
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Miłosz Siczek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Tylus
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna M Trzeciak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland.
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35
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Mas‐Roselló J, Cope CJ, Tan E, Pinson B, Robinson A, Smejkal T, Cramer N. Iridium‐Catalyzed Acid‐Assisted Hydrogenation of Oximes to Hydroxylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mas‐Roselló
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Cope
- Process Chemistry Research Syngenta Crop Protection AG Schaffhauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein AG Switzerland
| | - Eric Tan
- Process Chemistry Research Syngenta Crop Protection AG Schaffhauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein AG Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Pinson
- Process Chemistry Research Syngenta Crop Protection AG Schaffhauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein AG Switzerland
| | - Alan Robinson
- Process Chemistry Research Syngenta Crop Protection AG Schaffhauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein AG Switzerland
| | - Tomas Smejkal
- Process Chemistry Research Syngenta Crop Protection AG Schaffhauserstrasse 101 4332 Stein AG Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
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36
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Mas-Roselló J, Cope CJ, Tan E, Pinson B, Robinson A, Smejkal T, Cramer N. Iridium-Catalyzed Acid-Assisted Hydrogenation of Oximes to Hydroxylamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15524-15532. [PMID: 33886142 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We found that cyclometalated cyclopentadienyl iridium(III) complexes are uniquely efficient catalysts in homogeneous hydrogenation of oximes to hydroxylamine products. A stable iridium C,N-chelation is crucial, with alkoxy-substituted aryl ketimine ligands providing the best catalytic performance. Several Ir-complexes were mapped by X-ray crystal analysis in order to collect steric parameters that might guide a rational design of even more active catalysts. A broad range of oximes and oxime ethers were activated with stoichiometric amounts of methanesulfonic acid and reduced at room temperature, remarkably without cleavage of the fragile N-O bond. The exquisite functional group compatibility of our hydrogenation system was further demonstrated by additive tests. Experimental mechanistic investigations support an ionic hydrogenation platform, and suggest a role for the Brønsted acid beyond a proton source. Our studies provide deep understanding of this novel acidic hydrogenation and may facilitate its improvement and application to other challenging substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Mas-Roselló
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J Cope
- Process Chemistry Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, AG, Switzerland
| | - Eric Tan
- Process Chemistry Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, AG, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Pinson
- Process Chemistry Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, AG, Switzerland
| | - Alan Robinson
- Process Chemistry Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, AG, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Smejkal
- Process Chemistry Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, AG, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Gu Y, Norton JR, Salahi F, Lisnyak VG, Zhou Z, Snyder SA. Highly Selective Hydrogenation of C═C Bonds Catalyzed by a Rhodium Hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9657-9663. [PMID: 34142805 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Under mild conditions (room temperature, 80 psi of H2) Cp*Rh(2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)H catalyzes the selective hydrogenation of the C═C bond in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, including natural product precursors with bulky substituents in the β position and substrates possessing an array of additional functional groups. It also catalyzes the hydrogenation of many isolated double bonds. Mechanistic studies reveal that no radical intermediates are involved, and the catalyst appears to be homogeneous, thereby affording important complementarity to existing protocols for similar hydrogenation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Farbod Salahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vladislav G Lisnyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Zhiyao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Kaphan DM, Brereton KR, Klet RC, Witzke RJ, Miller AJM, Mulfort KL, Delferro M, Tiede DM. Photocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation in Water: Insight into Mechanism and Catalyst Speciation. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Kaphan
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Kelsey R. Brereton
- Department of Chemistry, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California 90263, United States
| | - Rachel C. Klet
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ryan J. Witzke
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Karen L. Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David M. Tiede
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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39
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Salazar CA, Thompson BJ, Knapp SMM, Myers SR, Stahl SS. Multichannel gas-uptake/evolution reactor for monitoring liquid-phase chemical reactions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:044103. [PMID: 34243469 PMCID: PMC8051960 DOI: 10.1063/5.0043007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of a headspace pressure-monitoring reactor for measuring the uptake/evolution of gas in gas-liquid chemical transformations is described. The reactor features a parallel setup with ten-reactor cells, each featuring a low working volume of 0.2-2 ml, a pressure capacity from 0 to 150 PSIa, and a high sensitivity pressure transducer. The reactor cells are composed of commercially available disposable thick-walled glassware and compact monolithic weld assemblies. The software interface controls the reactor temperature while monitoring pressure in each of the parallel reactor cells. Reactions are easy to set up and yield high-density gas uptake/evolution data. This instrument is especially well suited to acquire quantitative time-course data for reactions with small quantities of gas consumed or produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A. Salazar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Blaise J. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Spring M. M. Knapp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Steven R. Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53719, USA
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40
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Wagener T, Lückemeier L, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Interrupted Pyridine Hydrogenation: Asymmetric Synthesis of δ-Lactams. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6425-6429. [PMID: 33460521 PMCID: PMC7986189 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed hydrogenation is an effective method to transform readily available arenes into saturated motifs, however, current hydrogenation strategies are limited to the formation of C-H and N-H bonds. The stepwise addition of hydrogen yields reactive unsaturated intermediates that are rapidly reduced. In contrast, the interruption of complete hydrogenation by further functionalization of unsaturated intermediates offers great potential for increasing chemical complexity in a single reaction step. Overcoming the tenet of full reduction in arene hydrogenation has been seldom demonstrated. In this work we report the synthesis of sought-after, enantioenriched δ-lactams from oxazolidinone-substituted pyridines and water by an interrupted hydrogenation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wagener
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Lukas Lückemeier
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 4048149MünsterGermany
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41
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Wang Y, Chang Z, Hu Y, Lin X, Dou X. Mild and Selective Rhodium-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Functionalized Arenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1910-1914. [PMID: 33599508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diboron-mediated rhodium-catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of functionalized arenes is reported. In addition to good functional group tolerance, the reaction features operational simplicity and controllable chemoselectivity. The general applicability of this procedure is demonstrated by the selective hydrogenation of a range of arenes, including functionalized benzenes, biphenyls, and polyaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhiqian Chang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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42
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Wagener T, Lückemeier L, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Unterbrochene Pyridin‐Hydrierung: asymmetrische Synthese von δ‐Lactamen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wagener
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas Lückemeier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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Abstract
Quinoxalines are observed in several bioactive molecules and have been widely employed in designing molecules for DSSC's, optoelectronics, and sensing applications. Therefore, developing newer synthetic routes as well as novel ways for their functionalization is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauravi Yashwantrao
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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44
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Gelis C, Heusler A, Nairoukh Z, Glorius F. Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Arenes and Heteroarenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14090-14094. [PMID: 32519788 PMCID: PMC7702167 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transfer hydrogenation reactions are of great interest to reduce diverse molecules under mild reaction conditions. To date, this type of reaction has only been successfully applied to alkenes, alkynes and polarized unsaturated compounds such as ketones, imines, pyridines, etc. The reduction of benzene derivatives by transfer hydrogenation has never been described, which is likely due to the high energy barrier required to dearomatize these compounds. In this context, we have developed a catalytic transfer hydrogenation reaction for the reduction of benzene derivatives and heteroarenes to form complex 3-dimensional scaffolds bearing various functional groups at room temperature without needing compressed hydrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Gelis
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Arne Heusler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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45
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Reversible aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of N-heterocycles over AlN supported redox cobalt catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Fu H, Ruan L, Liao J, Pei A, Liu J, Zeng L, Yang K, Zhu L, Chen BH. PtNi/C bimetallic nanocatalyst with high catalytic performance and stability for 1-nitronaphthalene hydorgenation to 1-naphthylamine. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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47
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Tanaka N, Usuki T. Can Heteroarenes/Arenes Be Hydrogenated Over Catalytic Pd/C Under Ambient Conditions? European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanaka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Sophia University 7‐1 Kioicho, Chiyoda‐ku 102‐8554 Tokyo Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Sophia University 7‐1 Kioicho, Chiyoda‐ku 102‐8554 Tokyo Japan
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48
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Kim S, Zhong H, Park Y, Loose F, Chirik PJ. Catalytic Hydrogenation of a Manganese(V) Nitride to Ammonia. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9518-9524. [PMID: 32339454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic hydrogenation of a metal nitride to produce free ammonia using a rhodium hydride catalyst that promotes H2 activation and hydrogen-atom transfer is described. The phenylimine-substituted rhodium complex (η5-C5Me5)Rh(MePhI)H (MePhI = N-methyl-1-phenylethan-1-imine) exhibited higher thermal stability compared to the previously reported (η5-C5Me5)Rh(ppy)H (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine). DFT calculations established that the two rhodium complexes have comparable Rh-H bond dissociation free energies of 51.8 kcal mol-1 for (η5-C5Me5)Rh(MePhI)H and 51.1 kcal mol-1 for (η5-C5Me5)Rh(ppy)H. In the presence of 10 mol% of the phenylimine rhodium precatalyst and 4 atm of H2 in THF, the manganese nitride (tBuSalen)Mn≡N underwent hydrogenation to liberate free ammonia with up to 6 total turnovers of NH3 or 18 turnovers of H• transfer. The phenylpyridine analogue proved inactive for ammonia synthesis under identical conditions owing to competing deleterious hydride transfer chemistry. Subsequent studies showed that the use of a non-polar solvent such as benzene suppressed formation of the cationic rhodium product resulting from the hydride transfer and enabled catalytic ammonia synthesis by proton-coupled electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yoonsu Park
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Florian Loose
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Frick Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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50
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Controlled partial transfer hydrogenation of quinolines by cobalt-amido cooperative catalysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1249. [PMID: 32144242 PMCID: PMC7060234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation or transfer hydrogenation of quinolines was thought to be a direct strategy to access dihydroquinolines. However, the challenge is to control the chemoselectivity and regioselectivity. Here we report an efficient partial transfer hydrogenation system operated by a cobalt-amido cooperative catalyst, which converts quinolines to 1,2-dihydroquinolines by the reaction with H3N·BH3 at room temperature. This methodology enables the large scale synthesis of many 1,2-dihydroquinolines with a broad range of functional groups. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reduction of quinoline is controlled precisely by cobalt-amido cooperation to operate dihydrogen transfer from H3N·BH3 to the N=C bond of the substrates. Controlling the partial reduction of quinolines is challenging, given the competing overreduction to tetrahydroquinolines. Here, the authors report a cobalt-amido cooperative catalyst for the selective, partial transfer hydrogenation of quinolines to 1,2-dihydroquinolines with H3N·BH3 as reductant.
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