1
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Di Giovannantonio M, Qiu Z, Pignedoli CA, Asako S, Ruffieux P, Müllen K, Narita A, Fasel R. On-surface cyclization of vinyl groups on poly-para-phenylene involving an unusual pentagon to hexagon transformation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1910. [PMID: 38429274 PMCID: PMC10907692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
On-surface synthesis relies on carefully designed molecular precursors that are thermally activated to afford desired, covalently coupled architectures. Here, we study the intramolecular reactions of vinyl groups in a poly-para-phenylene-based model system and provide a comprehensive description of the reaction steps taking place on the Au(111) surface under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We find that vinyl groups successfully cyclize with the phenylene rings in the ortho positions, forming a dimethyl-dihydroindenofluorene as the repeating unit, which can be further dehydrogenated to a dimethylene-dihydroindenofluorene structure. Interestingly, the obtained polymer can be transformed cleanly into thermodynamically stable polybenzo[k]tetraphene at higher temperature, involving a previously elusive pentagon-to-hexagon transformation via ring opening and rearrangement on a metal surface. Our insights into the reaction cascade unveil fundamental chemical processes involving vinyl groups on surfaces. Because the formation of specific products is highly temperature-dependent, this innovative approach offers a valuable tool for fabricating complex, low-dimensional nanostructures with high precision and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia - CNR (ISM-CNR), 00133, Roma, Italy.
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong, 518172, P.R. China
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sobi Asako
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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2
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Xu X, Kinikar A, Di Giovannantonio M, Pignedoli CA, Ruffieux P, Müllen K, Fasel R, Narita A. On-Surface Synthesis of Anthracene-Fused Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons from 2,7-Dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl Reveals Unexpected Ring Rearrangements. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2024; 2:81-87. [PMID: 38425747 PMCID: PMC10900509 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.3c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful strategy to fabricate unprecedented forms of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). However, the on-surface synthesis of zigzag GNRs (ZGNR) has met with only limited success. Herein, we report the synthesis and on-surface reactions of 2,7-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl as the precursor toward π-extended ZGNRs. Characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy clearly demonstrated the formation of anthracene-fused ZGNRs. Unique skeletal rearrangements were also observed, which could be explained by intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Theoretical calculations of the electronic properties of the anthracene-fused ZGNRs revealed spin-polarized edge-states and a narrow bandgap of 0.20 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amogh Kinikar
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Structure of Matter − CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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3
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Zuzak R, Quiroga S, Engelund M, Pérez D, Peña D, Godlewski S, Melle-Franco M. Sequential On-Surface Cyclodehydrogenation in a Nonplanar Nanographene. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10442-10449. [PMID: 37962022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as an attractive method for the atomically precise synthesis of new molecular nanostructures, being complementary to the widespread approach based on solution chemistry. It has been particularly successful in the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons and nanographenes. In both cases, the target compound is often generated through cyclodehydrogenation reactions, leading to planarization and the formation of hexagonal rings. To improve the flexibility and tunability of molecular units, however, the incorporation of other, nonbenzenoid, subunits is highly desirable. In this letter, we thoroughly analyze sequential cyclodehydrogenation reactions with a custom-designed molecular precursor. We demonstrate the step-by-step formation of hexagonal and pentagonal rings from the nonplanar precursor within fjord and cove regions, respectively. Computer models comprehensively support the experimental observations, revealing that both reactions imply an initial hydrogen abstraction and a final [1,2] hydrogen shift, but the formation of a pentagonal ring proceeds through a radical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabela Quiroga
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mads Engelund
- Espeem S.A.R.L., L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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4
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Baig N, Shetty S, Tiwari R, Pramanik SK, Alameddine B. Aggregation-Induced Emission of Contorted Polycondensed Aromatic Hydrocarbons Made by Edge Extension Using a Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclopentannulation Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45732-45739. [PMID: 36530321 PMCID: PMC9753205 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Contorted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), CPA1-2 and CPB1-2, bearing peripheral five-membered rings were synthesized employing a palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation reaction using specially designed diaryl acetylene synthons TPE and TPEN with commercially available dibromo- anthracene DBA and bianthracene DBBA derivatives. The resulting target compounds CPA1-2 and CPB1-2 were isolated in excellent yield and found to be highly soluble in common organic solvents, which allowed for their structural characterization and investigation of the photophysical properties, disclosing their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties in THF at selective concentration ranges of water fractions in the solvent mixture. Examination of the contorted PAH structures by means of density functional theory (DFT) revealed higher electronic conjugation in the more rigid and planar anthracene-containing CPA1-2 derivatives when compared to the twisted bianthracene-bearing moieties CBPA1-2 with HOMO-LUMO bandgaps (ΔE) of ∼2.32 eV for the former PAHs and ∼2.78 eV for the latter ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorullah Baig
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, GUST, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
| | - Suchetha Shetty
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, GUST, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
| | - Rajeshwari Tiwari
- CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Pramanik
- CSIR-Central
Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijubhai Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002, India
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf
University for Science and Technology, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
- Functional
Materials Group, GUST, Kuwait City 1886644, Kuwait
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5
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Li DY, Wang Y, Hou XY, Ren YT, Kang LX, Xue FH, Zhu YC, Liu JW, Liu M, Shi XQ, Qiu X, Liu PN. On-Surface Synthesis of [3]Radialenes via [1+1+1] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117714. [PMID: 35179282 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
[3]Radialenes are the smallest carbocyclic structures with unusual topologies and cross-conjugated π-electronic structures. Here, we report a novel [1+1+1] cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of aza[3]radialenes on the Ag(111) surface, where the steric hindrance of the chlorine substituents guides the selective and orientational assembling of the isocyanide precursors. By combining scanning tunneling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we determined the atomic structure of the produced aza[3]radialenes. Furthermore, two reaction pathways including synergistic and stepwise are proposed based on density functional theory calculations, which reveal the role of the chlorine substituents in the activation of the isocyano groups via electrostatic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin-Ti Ren
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Li-Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fu-Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ya-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing-Qiang Shi
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei-Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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6
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Shape memory elastomers: A review of synthesis, design, advanced manufacturing, and emerging applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Li D, Wang Y, Hou X, Ren Y, Kang L, Xue F, Zhu Y, Liu J, Liu M, Shi X, Qiu X, Liu P. On‐Surface Synthesis of [3]Radialenes via [1+1+1] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng‐Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Sino-Danish College Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yin‐Ti Ren
- College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Li‐Xia Kang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Fu‐Hua Xue
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Ya‐Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jian‐Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xing‐Qiang Shi
- College of Physics Science and Technology Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Pei‐Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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8
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Jin E, Fu S, Hanayama H, Addicoat MA, Wei W, Chen Q, Graf R, Landfester K, Bonn M, Zhang KAI, Wang HI, Müllen K, Narita A. A Nanographene‐Based Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework as a Stable and Efficient Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
| | - Matthew A. Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | | | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Kai A. I. Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495 Japan
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9
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Castro‐Esteban J, Albrecht F, Fatayer S, Pérez D, Gross L, Peña D. An on‐surface Diels–Alder reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castro‐Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | | | | | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research—Zurich 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782- Santiago de Compostela Spain
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10
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Castro-Esteban J, Albrecht F, Fatayer S, Pérez D, Gross L, Peña D. An on-surface Diels-Alder reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26346-26350. [PMID: 34664770 PMCID: PMC9298865 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the most popular reactions in organic chemistry. However, its use in the field of on‐surface synthesis is hampered by the spatial restrictions of this cycloaddition reaction. Herein we selected a cyclic strained triyne to demonstrate an on‐surface hexadehydro‐Diels–Alder reaction in a single molecule. The reaction was studied in detail by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with CO‐functionalized tips. Our results pave the way to use this iconic pericyclic reaction for on‐surface synthesis, introducing the concept of atom economy in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research-Zurich, 8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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11
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Jin E, Fu S, Hanayama H, Addicoat MA, Wei W, Chen Q, Graf R, Landfester K, Bonn M, Zhang KAI, Wang HI, Müllen K, Narita A. A Nanographene-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework as a Stable and Efficient Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114059. [PMID: 34870362 PMCID: PMC9299764 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with desirable organic units furnishes advanced materials with unique functionalities. As an emerging class of two‐dimensional (2D) COFs, sp2‐carbon‐conjugated COFs provide a facile platform to build highly stable and crystalline porous polymers. Herein, a 2D olefin‐linked COF was prepared by employing nanographene, namely, dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV), as a building block. The DBOV‐COF exhibits unique ABC‐stacked lattices, enhanced stability, and charge‐carrier mobility of ≈0.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 inferred from ultrafast terahertz photoconductivity measurements. The ABC‐stacking structure was revealed by the high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. DBOV‐COF demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity in hydroxylation, which was attributed to the exposure of narrow‐energy‐gap DBOV cores in the COF pores, in conjunction with efficient charge transport following light absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enquan Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hiroki Hanayama
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Matthew A Addicoat
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Wenxin Wei
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiang Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai A I Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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12
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Zuzak R, Stoica O, Blieck R, Echavarren AM, Godlewski S. On-Surface Synthesis and Intermolecular Cycloadditions of Indacenoditetracenes, Antiaromatic Analogues of Undecacene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1548-1554. [PMID: 33346643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']ditetracene and as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracene containing indenofluorene cores from a common precursor has been achieved by a dehydrogenative surface-assisted cyclization on Au(111) and confirmed by bond-resolved non-contact atomic force microscopy. On-surface generated as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracenes undergo fusion, which leads to T-shaped adducts by an intermolecular cycloaddition. The same type of cycloaddition, which has no parallel in solution chemistry, has been observed between as-indaceno[2,3-b:6,7-b']ditetracene and pentacene or octacene. These examples of surface-assisted cycloaddition provide perspectives for the rational design and synthesis of molecular nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Otilia Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rémi Blieck
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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13
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Zhang P, Tang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Gao D, Li Y, Zheng H, Wang Y, Wang X, Fu R, Tang M, Ikeda K, Miao P, Hattori T, Sano-Furukawa A, Tulk CA, Molaison JJ, Dong X, Li K, Ju J, Mao HK. Distance-Selected Topochemical Dehydro-Diels–Alder Reaction of 1,4-Diphenylbutadiyne toward Crystalline Graphitic Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17662-17669. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yida Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yapei Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator, Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Ping Miao
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, P. R. China
| | - Takanori Hattori
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | | | - Christopher A. Tulk
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jamie J. Molaison
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Kuo Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ju
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ho-kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
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14
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Wang T, Pan Y, Zhang W, Lawrence J, Mohammed MSG, Huang J, Feng L, Berdonces-Layunta A, Han D, Xu Q, Wu X, Tait SL, de Oteyza DG, Zhu J. On-Surface Synthesis of a Five-Membered Carbon Ring from a Terminal Alkynyl Bromide: A [4 + 1] Annulation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:5902-5907. [PMID: 32633516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report an on-surface synthesis of five-membered carbon ring via a [4 + 1] annulation reaction, starting from a simple terminal alkynyl bromide, 4-(bromoethynyl)biphenyl, on Ag(110). The combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SRPES), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations unravel the reaction pathway and mechanism. Three basic reaction steps are involved, successively including the formation of alkynyl-Ag-alkynyl bridged organometallic dimer, the generation of alkylidene carbene intermediate, and the final [4 + 1] annulation involving a hydrogen transfer step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Yu Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhao Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - James Lawrence
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Mohammed S G Mohammed
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Jianmin Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Lin Feng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Dong Han
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dimas G de Oteyza
- Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, P.R. China
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