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Fan G, Zhang Z, Wang G, Shao L, Hua B, Huang F. Construction of hydrocarbon belts based on macrocyclic arenes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10713-10723. [PMID: 39027271 PMCID: PMC11253164 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbon belts have garnered significant attention due to their intriguing structures, unique properties, and potential applications in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. However, their highly inherently strained structures pose challenges in their synthesis, and the resulting tedious synthesis strategies hinder their large-scale applications. Utilizing unstrained macrocyclic arenes as precursors presents an efficient strategy, allowing for a strain-induction step that mitigates the energy barrier associated with building strain in the formation of these belts. Accessible unstrained macrocyclic precursors play a pivotal role in enabling efficient and large-scale syntheses of highly strained belts, facilitating their broader practical applications. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the construction of hydrocarbon belts using accessible macrocyclic arenes as building blocks. The synthetic strategies for these partially and fully conjugated hydrocarbon belts are discussed, along with their unique properties. We hope that this review will inspire the development of novel nanocarbon molecules, opening pathways for emerging areas and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtan Fan
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
| | - Guangguo Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
| | - Li Shao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P. R. China
| | - Bin Hua
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 311215 P. R. China
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2
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Du K. Enumeration, Nomenclature, and Stability Rules of Carbon Nanobelts. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1261-1276. [PMID: 38327033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
With recent breakthroughs and advances in synthetic chemistry, carbon nanobelts (CNBs) have become an emerging hot topic in chemistry and materials science. Owing to their unique molecular structures, CNBs have intriguing properties with applications in synthetic materials, host-guest chemistry, optoelectronics, and so on. Although a considerable number of CNBs with diverse forms have been synthesized, no systematic nomenclature is available yet for this important family of macrocycles. Moreover, little is known about the detailed isomerism of CNBs, which, in fact, exhibits greater complexity than that of carbon nanotubes. The copious variety of CNB isomers, along with the underlying structure-property relationships, bears fundamental relevance to the ongoing design and synthesis of novel nanobelts. In this paper, we propose an elegant approach to systematically enumerate, classify, and name all possible isomers of CNBs. Besides the simplest, standard CNBs defined by chiral indices (n, m), the nonstandard CNBs (n, m, l) involve an additional winding index l. Based on extensive quantum chemical calculations, we present a comprehensive study of the relative isomer stability of CNBs containing up to 30 rings. A simple Hückel-based model with a high predictive power reveals that the relative stability of standard CNBs is governed by the π stabilization and the strain destabilization induced by the cylindrical carbon framework, and the former effect prevails over the latter. For nonstandard CNBs, a third stability factor, the H···H repulsion in the benzo[c]phenanthrene-like motifs, is also shown to be important and can be incorporated into the simple quantitative model. In general, lower-energy CNB isomers have a larger HOMO-LUMO gap, suggesting that their thermodynamic stability coincides with kinetic stability. The most stable CNB isomers determined can be considered the optimal targets for future synthesis. These results lay an initial foundation and provide a useful theoretical tool for further research on CNBs and related analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Ke Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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3
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Gu MJ, Han XN, Guo WC, Han Y, Chen CF. Naphth[4]arene: Synthesis, Conformations, and Application in Color-Tunable Supramolecular Crystalline Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305214. [PMID: 37269024 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the chemistry of macrocyclic arenes has seen rapid development in recent years, the synthesis of new macrocyclic arenes from aromatic rings with no directing groups remains a challenge. In this work, a new macrocyclic arene, naphth[4]arene (NA[4]A), composed of four naphthalene rings bridged by methylene groups, was synthesized using macrocycle-to-macrocycle conversion. NA[4]A shows 1,3-alternate and 1,2-alternate conformations in the solid state, which can be selectively obtained. By supramolecular co-assembly of NA[4]A and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) in different concentrations and temperatures, two conformation-dependent crystalline luminescent co-assemblies 1,2-NTC and 1,3-NTC can be selectively prepared. Interestingly, the two charge-transfer crystalline assemblies containing NA[4]A with different conformations show bright yellow and green fluorescence, and also display high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 45 % and 43 %. Furthermore, they exhibit color-tunable two-photon excited upconversion emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei-Chen Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Aguiar C, Dattani N, Camps I. Möbius carbon nanobelts interacting with heavy metal nanoclusters. J Mol Model 2023; 29:277. [PMID: 37561216 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The interaction between carbon nanostructures and heavy metal clusters is of great interest due to their potential applications as sensors and filters to remove the former from environment. In this work, we investigated the interaction between two types of carbon nanobelts (Möbius-type nanobelt and simple nanobelt) and nickel, cadmium, and lead nanoclusters. Our aim was to determine how both systems interact which would shed light on the potential applications of the carbon nanostructures as pollutant removal and detecting devices. METHODS To investigate the interaction between carbon nanostructures and heavy metal nanoclusters, we utilized the semiempirical tight binding framework provided by xTB software with the GFN2-xTB Hamiltonian. We performed calculations to determine the best interaction site, lowest energy geometries, complexes stability (using molecular dynamics at 298K), binding energy, and electronic properties. We also carried out a topological study to investigate the nature and intensity of the bonds formed between the metal nanoclusters and the nanobelts. Our results demonstrate that heavy metal nanoclusters have a favorable binding affinity towards both nanobelts, with the Möbius-type nanobelt having a stronger interaction. Additionally, our calculations reveal that the nickel nanocluster has the lowest binding energy, displaying the greatest charge transfer with the nanobelts, which was nearly twice that of the cadmium and lead nanoclusters. Our combined results lead to the conclusion that the nickel nanoclusters are chemisorbed, whereas cadmium and lead nanoclusters are physisorbed in both nanobelts. These findings have significant implications for the development of sensor and filtering devices based on carbon and heavy metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aguiar
- Laboratório de Modelagem Computacional -LaModel, Instituto de Ciências Exatas - ICEx, Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - N Dattani
- HPQC College, Waterloo, Canada.
- HPQC Labs, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - I Camps
- Laboratório de Modelagem Computacional -LaModel, Instituto de Ciências Exatas - ICEx, Universidade Federal de Alfenas - UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- HPQC Labs, Waterloo, Canada.
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5
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Han XN, Han Y, Chen CF. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of macrocyclic arenes. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3265-3298. [PMID: 37083011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic arenes including calixarenes, resorcinarenes, cyclotriveratrylene, pillararenes and so on have emerged as highly attractive synthetic macrocyclic hosts due to their unique structures, facile functionalization, and broad range of applications. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of novel macrocyclic arenes composed of various aromatic building blocks bridged by methylene groups, which have found applications in various research areas. Consequently, the development of novel macrocyclic arenes has become a frontier and hot topic in supramolecular and macrocyclic chemistry. In this review, we feature the recent advances in the synthesis and applications of novel macrocyclic arenes that have emerged in the last decade. The general synthetic strategies employed for these macrocyclic arenes are systematically summarized, and their wide applications in molecular recognition and assemblies, molecular machines, biomedical science and functional materials are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ni Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Gou F, Shi D, Kou B, Li Z, Yan X, Wu X, Jiang YB. One-Pot Cyclization to Large Peptidomimetic Macrocycles by In Situ-Generated β-Turn-Enforced Folding. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:9530-9539. [PMID: 37037798 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles have been targets of extensive synthetic efforts for decades because of their potent molecular recognition and self-assembly capabilities. Yet, efficient syntheses of macrocyclic molecules via irreversible covalent bonds remain challenging. Here, we report an efficient approach to large peptidomimetic macrocycles by using the in situ-generated β-turn structural motifs afforded in the amidothiourea moieties from the early steps of the reaction of 2 molecules of bilateral amino acid-based acylhydrazine with 2 molecules of diisothiocyanate. Four chiral and achiral peptidomimetic large macrocycles were successfully synthesized in high yields of 45-63% in a feasible one-pot reaction under sub-molar concentration conditions and were purified by simple filtration. X-ray crystallographic characterization of three macrocycles reveals an important feature that their four β-turn structures, each maintained by four 10-membered intramolecular hydrogen bonds, alternatively network the four aromatic arms. This affords an interesting conformation switching mode upon anion binding. Binding of SO42- to 1L or 1D that contains 4 alanine residues (with the lowest steric hinderance among the macrocycles) leads to an inside-out structural change of the host macrocycle, as confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure of 1L-SO42- and 1D-SO42- complexes, accompanied by an inversion of the CD signals. On the basis of the strong sulfate affinity of the macrocycles, we succeeded in the removal of sulfate anions from water via a macrocycle-mediated liquid-liquid extraction method. Our synthetic protocol can be easily extended to other macrocycles of varying arms and/or chiral amino acid residues; thus, a variety of structurally and functionally diverse macrocycles are expected to be readily made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Di Shi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bohan Kou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yun-Bao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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7
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Bayach I, Sarfaraz S, Sheikh NS, Alamer K, Almutlaq N, Ayub K. Hydrogen Dissociation Reaction on First-Row Transition Metal Doped Nanobelts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2792. [PMID: 37049085 PMCID: PMC10096363 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Zigzag molecular nanobelts have recently captured the interest of scientists because of their appealing aesthetic structures, intriguing chemical reactivities, and tantalizing features. In the current study, first-row transition metals supported on an H6-N3-belt[6]arene nanobelt are investigated for the electrocatalytic properties of these complexes for the hydrogen dissociation reaction (HDR). The interaction of the doped transition metal atom with the nanobelt is evaluated through interaction energy analysis, which reveals the significant thermodynamic stability of TM-doped nanobelt complexes. Electronic properties such as frontier molecular orbitals and natural bond orbitals analyses are also computed, to estimate the electronic perturbation upon doping. The highest reduction in the HOMO-LUMO energy gap compared to the bare nanobelt is seen in the case of the Zn@NB catalyst (4.76 eV). Furthermore, for the HDR reaction, the Sc@NB catalyst displays the best catalytic activity among the studied catalysts, with a hydrogen dissociation barrier of 0.13 eV, whereas the second-best catalytic activity is observed for the Zn@NB catalyst (0.36 eV). It is further found that multiple active sites, i.e., the presence of the metal atom and nitrogen atom moiety, help to facilitate the dissociation of the hydrogen molecule. These key findings of this study enhance the understanding of the relative stability, electronic features, and catalytic bindings of various TM@NB catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Bayach
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Kawther Alamer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiah Almutlaq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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8
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Anjalikrishna PK, Gadre SR, Suresh CH. Electrostatic Potential for Exploring Electron Delocalization in Infinitenes, Circulenes, and Nanobelts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4123-4133. [PMID: 36952587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The π-conjugation, aromaticity, and stability of the newly synthesized 12-infinitene and of other infinitenes comprising 8-, 10-, 14-, and 16-arene rings are investigated using density functional theory. The π-electron delocalization and aromatic character rooted in infinitenes are quantified in terms of molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) topology. Structurally, the infinitene bears a close resemblance of its helically twisted structure to the infinity symbol. The MESP topology shows that infinitene possesses an infinity-shaped delocalization of the electron density that streams over the fused benzenoid rings. The parameter ∑i=13Δλi, derived from the eigenvalues (λi) corresponding to the MESP minima, is used for quantifying the aromatic character of arene rings of infinitene. The structure, stability, and MESP topology features of 8-, 10-, 12-, 14-, and 16-infinitenes are also compared with the corresponding isomeric circulenes and carbon nanobelts. Further, the strain in all such systems is evaluated by considering the respective isomeric planar benzenoid hydrocarbons as reference systems. The 12-infinitene turns out to be the most aromatic and the least strained among all the systems examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthannur K Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shridhar R Gadre
- Department of Scientific Computing, Modelling and Simulation, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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9
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Su F, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zhang Z, Li Z, Lu S, Zhang M, Fang F, Kang S, Guo C, Su C, Yu X, Wang H, Li X. Precise Synthesis of Concentric Ring, Helicoid, and Ladder Metallo-Polymers with Chevron-Shaped Monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16559-16571. [PMID: 35998652 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular geometry represents one of the most important structural features and governs physical properties and functions of materials. Nature creates a wide array of substances with distinct geometries but similar chemical composition with superior efficiency and precision. However, it remains a formidable challenge to construct abiological macromolecules with various geometries based on identical repeating units, owing to the lack of corresponding synthetic approaches for precisely manipulating the connectivity between monomers and feasible techniques for characterizing macromolecules at the single-molecule level. Herein, we design and synthesize a series of tetratopic monomers with chevron stripe shape which serve as the key precursors to produce four distinct types of metallo-macromolecules with well-defined geometries, viz., the concentric hexagon, helicoid polymer, ladder polymer, and cross-linked polymer, via platinum-acetylide couplings. Concentric hexagon, helicoid, and ladder metallo-polymers are directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and ultra-high-vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy at the single-molecule level. Finally, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are selected as the guest to investigate the structure-property relationship based on such macromolecules, among which the helicoid metallo-polymer shows high efficiency in wrapping SWCNTs with geometry-dependent selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Shunran Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523106, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Shimin Kang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523106, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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10
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New paradigms in molecular nanocarbon science. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Xu K, Li B, Yao S, Li Z, Lu Y, Dong M, Qiu J, Luo L, Li C. Modular Introduction of
endo
‐Binding Sites in a Macrocyclic Cavity towards Selective Recognition of Neutral Azacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203016. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaidi Xu
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Shibo Yao
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Ming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chunju Li
- College of Sciences Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Functional Material Chemistry Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 P. R. China
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12
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Li C, Xu K, Li B, Yao S, Li Z, Lu Y, Dong M, Qiu J, Luo L. Modular Introduction of Endo‐Binding Sites in Macrocycle Cavity towards Selective Recognition of Neutral Azacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Li
- Tianjin Normal University Chemistry No393 west Binshui Road Tianjin CHINA
| | - Kaidi Xu
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Shibo Yao
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhaoxian Li
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
| | - Ming Dong
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Tianjin Normal University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Shanghai University College of Science CHINA
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13
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Liu Z, Song W, Yang S, Yuan C, Liu Z, Zhang H, Shao X. Marriage of Heterobuckybowls with Triptycene: Molecular Waterwheels for Separating C
60
and C
70. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200306. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Wenru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Shaojie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Chengshan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Zitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University Tianshui Southern Road 222 Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province P. R. China
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14
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Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama H, Miyamoto K, Tanaka Y, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Cyclophenacene‐ and Chiral‐Type Cyclophenylene‐Naphthylene Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200800. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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15
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Nogami J, Nagashima Y, Sugiyama H, Miyamoto K, Tanaka Y, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Synthesis of Cyclophenacene‐ and Chiral‐Type Cyclophenylene‐Naphthylene Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juntaro Nogami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | | | - Kazunori Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR) RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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16
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Yao B, Liu X, Guo T, Sun H, Wang W. Molecular Möbius Strips: Twist for A Bright Future. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00829g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attributed to their unique structural features and associated intriguing properties, molecular Möbius strips have attracted considerable attention. However, the precise synthesis of such attractive molecules remains a great challenge. Recently,...
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17
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He J, Yu M, Pang M, Fan Y, Lian Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Jiang H. Nanosized Carbon Macrocycles Based on a Planar Chiral Pseudo Meta- [2.2]Paracyclophane. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103832. [PMID: 34962000 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Structural designs combining cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) backbone with planar chiral [2.2]Paracyclophane ([2.2]PCP) lead to optical-active chiral macrocycles with intriguing properties. X-ray crystal analysis revealed aesthetic necklace-shaped structures and size-dependent packages with long-range channels. The macrocycles exhibit unique photophysical properties with high fluorescence quantum yield of up to 82%, and the fluorescent color varies with ring size. In addition, size-dependent chiroptical properties with moderately large CPL dissymmetry factor of 10 -3 and CPL brightness in the range of 30 - 40 M -1 cm -1 were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Mohan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, P. R. China
| | - Maofu Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 252100, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
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18
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Ding Y, Jiao J, Sun B, Yang Z, Lin C, Wang L. The facile preparation of p-(methoxy)calix[n]arenes (n = 6, 7, or 8) and their permethylated derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Huang P, Zhuang G, Wang S, Zhang X, Du P. Synthesis and Physical Properties of a Phenanthrene-Based [6,6] Hollow Bilayer Cylindrical Nanoring. Org Lett 2021; 23:7976-7980. [PMID: 34612035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and properties of a [6,6] hollow bilayer cylindrical nanoring (HBCNR) from a planar macrocycle via a Diels-Alder and Yamamoto coupling reaction. The fluorescence quantum yield of HBCNR was determined to be ΦF = 52%, which is four times higher than its precursor. In addition, its hollow nanoring configuration was also simulated by theoretical studies, and the tension energy was estimated to be 47.1 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsen Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Guilin Zhuang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310032, China
| | - Shengda Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
| | - Pingwu Du
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230026, China
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20
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Fan W, Matsuno T, Han Y, Wang X, Zhou Q, Isobe H, Wu J. Synthesis and Chiral Resolution of Twisted Carbon Nanobelts. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15924-15929. [PMID: 34550688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Twisted carbon nanobelts could display persistent chirality, which is desirable for material applications, but their synthesis is very challenging. Herein, we report the successful synthesis and chiral resolution of such a kind of molecules (1-H and 1) with a figure-eight configuration. 1-H was synthesized first by macrocyclization through Suzuki coupling reaction followed by benzannulation via Bi(OTf)3-mediated cyclization reaction of vinyl ether. Oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-H gave the fully π-conjugated 1. Their twisted structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis and calculations, and they can be resolved by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated enantiomers showed persistent chiroptical properties according to the circular dichroism measurements, with moderate |gabs| values (0.0016 for 1-H and 0.005-0.007 for 1). Their photophysical properties were also briefly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qifeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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21
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Zhang YE, Tong S, Wang MX. Selective Oxidation of Belt[4]arene[4]tropilidene and Its Application to Construct Hydrocarbon Belts of Truncated Cone Structure with Expand Cavity. Org Lett 2021; 23:7259-7263. [PMID: 34472872 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite their unique structures, tantalizing properties, and potential applications in carbon nanoscience and technology, the synthesis and functionalization of zigzag hydrocarbon nanobelts have remained largely unexplored until recently. Reported herein is the selective transformations of belt[4]arene[4]tropilidenes and their application in the construction of novel belts. The oxidation of belt[4]arene[4]tropilidene with benzeneseleninic anhydride under controlled conditions selectively afforded mono- to tetrakis(α-diketone)-functionalized belt intermediates. A subsequent condensation reaction with 1,2-phenylenediacetonitrile and 1,2-phenylenediamine produced a diversity of unprecedented belts with various macrocyclic cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-E Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Niu K, Ni X, Wang H, Li Y, Palotás K, Lin H, Chi L. On-surface synthesis of 2D COFs via molecular assembly directed photocycloadditions: a first-principles investigation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:475201. [PMID: 34433161 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the rational synthesis of two-dimensional covalent organic framework (2D COFs) monolayer via on-surface chemistry has been widely explored. Herein, we propose the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition as a novel strategy for large-scale fabrication of COFs from theoretical perspective. Thanks to the symmetry forbidden of thermal [2 + 2] cycloaddition, the molecular precursors carrying vinyl groups will not chemically interact with each other during thermal annealing, which is essential to achieve molecular assembly. The subsequent photocycloaddition of these precursors may produce large-scale 2D COFs at low temperatures, in which the symmetry of molecular assembly remains unchanged. Our results show that 2D COFs can be produced via [2 + 2] photocycloadditions directed from self-assembled precursors, in which alkylbenzene molecules with vinyl groups on side chains exhibit appropriate intermolecular distances. By performing high-throughput calculations, several promising molecular precursors are proposed to achieve large-scale 2D COFs. This work provides an applicable strategy for the large-scale synthesis of 2D carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Niu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Xing Ni
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Krisztián Palotás
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1525 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM) and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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23
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Seenithurai S, Chai JD. Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanobelts Predicted by Thermally-Assisted-Occupation DFT. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2224. [PMID: 34578540 PMCID: PMC8465987 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of properties of large-scale multi-reference (MR) electronic systems remains difficult for traditional computational methods (e.g., the Hartree-Fock theory and Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT)). Recently, thermally-assisted-occupation (TAO)-DFT has been demonstrated to offer reliable description of electronic properties of various large-scale MR electronic systems. Consequently, in this work, TAO-DFT is used to unlock the electronic properties associated with C-Belt[n] (i.e., the carbon nanobelts containing n fused 12-membered carbon rings). Our calculations show that for all the system sizes reported (n = 4-24), C-Belt[n] have singlet ground states. In general, the larger the size of C-Belt[n], the more pronounced the MR character of ground-state C-Belt[n], as evident from the symmetrized von Neumann entropy and the occupation numbers of active TAO-orbitals. Furthermore, the active TAO-orbitals are delocalized along the circumference of C-Belt[n], as evident from the visualization of active TAO-orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonai Seenithurai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Jeng-Da Chai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Center for Theoretical Physics and Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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24
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Wang S, Yuan J, Xie J, Lu Z, Jiang L, Mu Y, Huo Y, Tsuchido Y, Zhu K. Sulphur‐Embedded Hydrocarbon Belts: Synthesis, Structure and Redox Chemistry of Cyclothianthrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Wang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jun Yuan
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zonghuan Lu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1–3 Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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25
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Wang S, Yuan J, Xie J, Lu Z, Jiang L, Mu Y, Huo Y, Tsuchido Y, Zhu K. Sulphur-Embedded Hydrocarbon Belts: Synthesis, Structure and Redox Chemistry of Cyclothianthrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18443-18447. [PMID: 34110693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cyclothianthrenes, a series of sulphur-embedded hydrocarbon belts proposed a decade ago, were successfully constructed through a stepwise bottom-up synthesis. The belt [6]cyclothianthrene ([6]CT) is the smallest and most strained member of the family yet reported. Both [6]CT and [8]CT are the first examples of cyclothianthrene characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. An unprecedented chiral belt [7]CT and a Möbius-shaped [9]CT were also achieved via modular synthesis. Crystallographic and computational studies show that belts [6]CT-[8]CT have prism-like conformations with well-defined tubular cavities which have potential for guest molecule inclusion. Cyclic voltammograms further revealed that these belts are redox-active. The success of constructing sulphur-embedded hydrocarbon belts, that is, cyclothianthrenes, greatly enriches the chemistry of heteroatom-doped molecular belts and tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zonghuan Lu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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26
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Bergman HM, Kiel GR, Handford RC, Liu Y, Tilley TD. Scalable, Divergent Synthesis of a High Aspect Ratio Carbon Nanobelt. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8619-8624. [PMID: 34086453 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanobelts are molecules of high fundamental and technological interest due to their structural similarity to carbon nanotubes, of which they are molecular cutouts. Despite this attention, synthetic accessibility is a major obstacle, such that the few known strategies offer limited structural diversity, functionality, and scalability. To address this bottleneck, we have developed a new strategy that utilizes highly fused monomer units constructed via a site-selective [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition and a high-yielding zirconocene-mediated macrocyclization to achieve the synthesis of a new carbon nanobelt on large scale with the introduction of functional handles in the penultimate step. This nanobelt represents a diagonal cross section of an armchair carbon nanotube and consequently has a longitudinally extended structure with an aspect ratio of 1.6, the highest of any reported nanobelt. This elongated structure promotes solid-state packing into aligned columns that mimic the parent carbon nanotube and facilitates unprecedented host-guest chemistry with oligo-arylene guests in nonpolar solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison M Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gavin R Kiel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Du X, Zhang D, Guo Y, Li J, Han Y, Chen C. Towards the Highly Efficient Synthesis and Selective Methylation of C(sp
3
)‐Bridged [6]Cycloparaphenylenes from Fluoren[3]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13021-13028. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Da‐Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chuan‐Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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28
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Du X, Zhang D, Guo Y, Li J, Han Y, Chen C. Towards the Highly Efficient Synthesis and Selective Methylation of C(sp
3
)‐Bridged [6]Cycloparaphenylenes from Fluoren[3]arenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐Sheng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Da‐Wei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chuan‐Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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29
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Abstract
Buckybowls have concave and convex surfaces with distinct π-electron cloud distribution, and consequently they show unique structural and electronic features as compared to planar aromatic polycycles. Doping the π-framework of buckybowls with heteroatoms is an efficient scheme to tailor inherent properties, because the nature of heteroatoms plays a pivotal role in the structural and electronic characteristics of the resulting hetera-buckybowls. The design, synthesis, and derivatization of hetera-buckybowls open an avenue for obtaining fascinating organic entities not only of fundamental importance but also of promising applications in optoelectronics. In this review, we summarize the advances in hetera-buckybowl chemistry, particularly the synthetic strategies toward these scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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30
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Xie M, Tong S, Wang MX. Synthesis and Reactions of C4-Symmetric 1,3,5,7(1,3)-Tetrabenzenacyclooctaphane Tetraazide and Tetraamine Derivatives: Toward the Synthesis of Nitrogen-Embedded Zigzag Hydrocarbon Belts. Org Lett 2021; 23:1835-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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31
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Zhu J, Han Y, Ni Y, Li G, Wu J. Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen-Doped [(6.)m8]nCyclacene Carbon Nanobelts by a One-Pot Self-Condensation Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2716-2721. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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32
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Zhang Z, Li C. Highly Efficient Synthesis of C(sp 3)-Bridged [6]Cyclopara-phenylenes from Fluoren[3]arenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Han Y, Dong S, Shao J, Fan W, Chi C. Synthesis of a Sidewall Fragment of a (12,0) Carbon Nanotube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2658-2662. [PMID: 33047813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a carbon nanobelt (CNB) is a very challenging task in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of an octabenzo[12]cyclacene based CNB (6), which can be regarded as a sidewall fragment of a (12,0) carbon nanotube. The key intermediate compound, a tetraepoxy nanobelt (5), was first synthesized by Diels-Alder reaction, and subsequent reductive aromatization gave the fully conjugated CNB 6. X-ray crystallographic analysis unambiguously confirmed the belt-shaped structure of 6. 1 H NMR spectrum and theoretical calculations (ACID, NICS, and 2D/3D ICSS) revealed localized aromaticity and stronger shielding chemical environment in the inner region of the belt. The optical properties (absorption and emission) of 6 were studied and correlated to its electronic structure. Strain analysis indicates that the phenyl substituents at the zigzag edges are crucial to the successful synthesis of 6. This report presents a new strategy towards highly strained CNBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Shao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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34
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Han Y, Dong S, Shao J, Fan W, Chi C. Synthesis of a Sidewall Fragment of a (12,0) Carbon Nanotube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jiawei Shao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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35
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Tan M, Guo Q, Wang X, Shi T, Zhang Q, Hou S, Tong S, You J, Wang M. Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen‐Embedded Zigzag Hydrocarbon Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Ling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (MOE) College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qing‐Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xue‐Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tan‐Hao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sheng‐Kai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (MOE) College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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36
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Tan M, Guo Q, Wang X, Shi T, Zhang Q, Hou S, Tong S, You J, Wang M. Oxygen‐ and Nitrogen‐Embedded Zigzag Hydrocarbon Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23649-23658. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Ling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (MOE) College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qing‐Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xue‐Yuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tan‐Hao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sheng‐Kai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (MOE) College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (MOE) Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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37
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Kopp SM, Gotfredsen H, Deng JR, Claridge TDW, Anderson HL. Global Aromaticity in a Partially Fused 8-Porphyrin Nanoring. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19393-19401. [PMID: 33125228 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Template-directed synthesis has been used to prepare a fully π-conjugated cyclic porphyrin octamer, composed of both β,meso,β-edge-fused porphyrin tape units and butadiyne-linked porphyrins. The UV-vis-NIR spectra of this partially fused nanoring show that π-conjugation extends around the whole macrocycle, and that it has a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap than its all-butadiyne-linked analogue, as predicted by TD-DFT calculations. The 1H NMR shifts of the bound templates confirm the disrupted aromaticity of the edge-fused porphyrins in the neutral nanoring. NMR oxidation titrations reveal the presence of a global paratropic ring current in its 4+ and 8+ oxidation states and of a global diatropic ring current in the 6+ state of the partially fused ring. The paratropic ring current in the 4+ oxidation state is about four times stronger than that in the all-butadiyne-linked cyclic octamer complex, whereas the diatropic current in the 6+ state is about 40% weaker. Two isomeric K-shaped tetrapyridyl templates with trifluoromethyl substituents at different positions were used to probe the distribution of the ring current in the 4+, 6+, and 8+ oxidation states by 19F NMR, demonstrating that the ring currents are global and homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Kopp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Gotfredsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jie-Ren Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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38
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Cheung KY, Segawa Y, Itami K. Synthetic Strategies of Carbon Nanobelts and Related Belt-Shaped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2020; 26:14791-14801. [PMID: 32572996 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The development of carbon nanobelts and related belt-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has gained momentum in recent years. This Minireview focuses on the synthetic strategies used in constructing these aesthetically appealing molecular nanocarbons. Examples of carbon nanobelts and related belt-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reported in recent years as well as some representative synthetic attempts in earlier times are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Yin Cheung
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan (ROC
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39
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Chen H, Miao Q. Recent advances and attempts in synthesis of conjugated nanobelts. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories, Hong Kong China
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40
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Zhang Y, Tong S, Wang M. Synthesis and Structure of Functionalized Zigzag Hydrocarbon Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18151-18155. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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41
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Zhang Y, Tong S, Wang M. Synthesis and Structure of Functionalized Zigzag Hydrocarbon Belts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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42
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Han C, Zhao D, Dong S. Host-Guest Complexations Between Pillar[6]arenes and Neutral Pentaerythritol Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2642-2645. [PMID: 32662186 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that three kinds of neutral pentaerythritol derivatives possess promising host-guest complexations with pillar[6]arenes both in solution and in the solid state. The inclusion structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The complexation properties in different solvents were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyou Han
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Dezhi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), No. 66, Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, Hunan, P. R. China
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43
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Sánchez RH. Tubularenes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8089-8094. [PMID: 34123082 PMCID: PMC8163370 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03384g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of conjugated, conformationally rigid, and electroactive carbon-based nanotubes that we term tubularenes. These structures are constructed from a resorcin[n b]arene base. Cyclization of the conjugated aromatic nanotube is achieved in one-pot eight-fold C-C bond formation via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. DFT calculations indicate a buildup of strain energy in excess of 90 kcal mol-1. The resulting architectures contain large internal void spaces >260 Å3, are fluorescent, and able to accept up to 4 electrons. This represents the first scaffolding approach that provides conjugated nanotube architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh 219 Parkman Ave. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA
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44
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Xie J, Li X, Wang S, Li A, Jiang L, Zhu K. Heteroatom-bridged molecular belts as containers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3348. [PMID: 32620853 PMCID: PMC7335211 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoop-shaped or belt-like molecules have been fascinating not only due to their challenging synthesis, but also unique physical and chemical properties. The incorporation of heteroatoms (N, O, S, etc.) into these belts could alter both molecular structures and electronic properties which will lead to versatile applications, from advanced host-guest systems to functional materials. Despite numerous computational studies, the synthesis and characterization of heteroatom-bridged double-stranded molecular belts remains scarce. Here we report the synthesis, crystal structure, and host-guest chemistry of two novel heteroatom-bridged belt-like macrocycles composed of phenoxathiin. The bowl-shaped belt demonstrates a strong binding affinity (Ka = 3.6 × 109 M‒2) towards fullerene C60 and forms a 2:1 capsule-like complex with the aid of C‒H···S hydrogen bonds. The column-like belt can bind the cyclic guest [2,2]paracyclophane to form a ring-in-ring complex. The modular synthesis, structural specificity, and diverse host-guest chemistry of cyclophenoxathiins markedly expands the known chemistry of molecular belts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shenghua Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Anquan Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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45
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Li Y, Segawa Y, Yagi A, Itami K. A Nonalternant Aromatic Belt: Methylene-Bridged [6]Cycloparaphenylene Synthesized from Pillar[6]arene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12850-12856. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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46
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Nogami J, Tanaka Y, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Muranaka A, Uchiyama M, Tanaka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Zigzag-Type Cyclophenylene Belts by Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9834-9842. [PMID: 32362122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Planar chiral zigzag-type [8]- and [12]cyclophenylene (CP) belts have been synthesized in good yields with high ee values of 98% and 83%, respectively, by the rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular sequential cyclotrimerizations of the corresponding cyclic polyynes. The observed high enantioselectivity arises from the regioselective formation of a rhodacycle intermediate from an unsymmetric triyne unit. The X-ray crystal structural analysis of the racemic planar chiral zigzag-type [8]CP belt revealed that the uneven molecules mesh with each other to form a one-dimensional columnar packing structure, in which one column contains single enantiomers, giving two types of chiral columns [(S)- and (R)-form columns] arranged alternately. The ring strain of the zigzag-type [8]CP belt was smaller than that of the armchair-type [8]CPP belt despite its smaller ring size, due to the presence of the strain-relieving m-terphenyl moieties. The effect of the number of the benzene rings of the zigzag-type CP belts on absorption and emission peaks was small due to interruption of π-conjugation at the m-phenylene moieties. However, the bending effect on the absolute fluorescence quantum yield as well as absorption and emission peaks was significant. Concerning chiroptical properties, the modest anisotropy dissymmetry factors of ECD and CPL were observed in the [8]CP belt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
| | | | - Atsuya Muranaka
- Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanobu Uchiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Elements Chemistry Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan‐Hao Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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48
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Shi T, Tong S, Wang M. Construction of Hydrocarbon Nanobelts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7700-7705. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tan‐Hao Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mei‐Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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49
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50
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Shi TH, Guo QH, Tong S, Wang MX. Toward the Synthesis of a Highly Strained Hydrocarbon Belt. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4576-4580. [PMID: 32084314 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon belts including fully conjugated beltarenes and their (partially) saturated analogs have fascinated chemists for decades due to their aesthetic structures, tantalizing properties, and potential applications in supramolecular chemistry and carbon nanoscience and nanotechnology. However, synthesis of hydrocarbon belts still remains a formidable challenge. We report in this communication a general approach to hydrocarbon belts and their derivatives. Closing up all four fjords of resorcin[4]arene derivatives through multiple intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions in an operationally simple one-pot reaction manner enabled efficient construction of octohydrobelt[8]arenes. Synthesis of belt[8]arene from DDQ-oxidized aromatization of octohydrobelt[8]arene under different conditions resulted in aromatization and simultaneous [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions with DDQ or TCNE to produce selectively tetrahydrobelt[8]arene-DDQ2, tetrahydrobelt[8]arene-TCNE2, and belt[8]arene-DDQ4 adducts. Formation of belt[8]arene, a fully conjugated hydrocarbon belt, was observed from retro-Diels-Alder reaction of a belt[8]arene-DDQ4 adduct with laser irradiation under MALDI conditions. The new and practical synthetic method established would open an avenue to create belt-shaped molecules from easily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Hao Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qing-Hui Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuo Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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