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Zafar A, Iqbal MA, Iram G, Shoukat US, Jamil F, Saleem M, Yousif M, Abidin ZU, Asad M. Advances in organocatalyzed synthesis of organic compounds. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20365-20389. [PMID: 38919284 PMCID: PMC11197984 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03046j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent advancements in utilizing organocatalysts for the synthesis of organic compounds have been described in this review by focusing on their simplicity, effectiveness, reproducibility, and high selectivity which lead to excellent product yields. The organocatalytic methods for various derivatives, such as indoles, pyrazolones, anthrone-functionalized benzylic amines, maleimide, polyester, phthalimides, dihydropyrimidin, heteroaryls, N-aryl benzimidazoles, stilbenoids, quinazolines, quinolines, and oxazolidinones have been specifically focused. The review provides more understanding by delving into potential reaction mechanisms. We anticipate that this collection of data and findings on successful synthesis of diverse compound derivatives will serve as valuable resources and stimulating current and future research efforts in organocatalysis and industrial chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Iram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Umar Sohail Shoukat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Faisal Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abidin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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2
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Schmidt TA, Hutskalova V, Sparr C. Atroposelective catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-024-00618-x. [PMID: 38890539 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomeric compounds-stereoisomers that arise from the restricted rotation about a single bond-have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their immense potential for applications in a variety of fields, including medicinal chemistry, catalysis and molecular nanoscience. This increased interest led to the invention of new molecular motors, the incorporation of atropisomers into drug discovery programmes and a wide range of novel atroposelective reactions, including those that simultaneously control multiple stereogenic axes. A diverse set of synthetic methodologies, which can be grouped into desymmetrizations, (dynamic) kinetic resolutions, cross-coupling reactions and de novo ring formations, is available for the catalyst-controlled stereoselective synthesis of various atropisomer classes. In this Review, we generalize the concepts for the catalyst-controlled stereoselective synthesis of atropisomers within these categories with an emphasis on recent advancements and underdeveloped atropisomeric scaffolds beyond stereogenic C(sp2)-C(sp2) axes. We also discuss more complex systems with multiple stereogenic axes or higher-order stereogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanno A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Christof Sparr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Kotwal N, Chauhan P. Evolution in the asymmetric synthesis of biaryl ethers and related atropisomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38767332 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Axially chiral biaryl ethers and related compounds hold valuable potential in natural products, medicinal chemistry, and catalysis; however, their asymmetric syntheses have always been overlooked compared to other biaryl/hetero-biaryl atropisomers. Unlike the later class molecules bearing a single chiral axis, the former category possesses a unique type of atropisomerism bearing two potential axes. Due to their great importance in diverse research domains, catalytic atropselective biaryl ether synthesis has recently witnessed an upsurge. This highlight article provides an elaborated view on the developments of catalytic synthetic methods that have been explored to achieve dual axial chirality in biaryl ethers and related scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Kotwal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 J&K, India.
| | - Pankaj Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, NH-44, Nagrota Bypass, Jammu, 181221 J&K, India.
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4
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Naghim A, Rodriguez J, Chuzel O, Chouraqui G, Bonne D. Enantioselective Synthesis of Heteroatom-Linked Non-Biaryl Atropisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202407767. [PMID: 38748462 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Atropisomers hold significant fascination, not only for their prevalence in natural compounds but also for their biological importance and wide-ranging applications as chiral materials, ligands, and organocatalysts. While biaryl and heterobiaryl atropisomers are commonly studied, the enantioselective synthesis of less abundant heteroatom-linked non-biaryl atropisomers presents a formidable challenge in modern organic synthesis. Unlike classical atropisomers, these molecules allow rotation around two bonds, resulting in low barriers to enantiomerization through concerted bond rotations. In recent years the discovery of new configurationally stable rare non-biaryl scaffolds such as aryl amines, aryl ethers and aryl sulfones as well as innovative methodologies to control their configuration have been disclosed in the literature and constitute the topic of this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelati Naghim
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Chuzel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Chouraqui
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Damien Bonne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Méditerranée, iSm2, 13397, Marseille, France
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5
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Yang X, Gao H, Yan J, Zhou J, Shi L. Intramolecular chaperone-assisted dual-anchoring activation (ICDA): a suitable preorganization for electrophilic halocyclization. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6130-6140. [PMID: 38665529 PMCID: PMC11041335 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00581c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The halocyclization reaction represents one of the most common methodologies for the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules. Many efforts have been made to balance the relationship between structure, reactivity and selectivity, including the design of new electrophilic halogenation reagents and the utilization of activating strategies. However, discovering universal reagents or activating strategies for electrophilic halocyclization remains challenging due to the case-by-case practice for different substrates or different cyclization models. Here we report an intramolecular chaperone-assisted dual-anchoring activation (ICDA) model for electrophilic halocyclization, taking advantage of the non-covalent dual-anchoring orientation as the driving force. This protocol allows a practical, catalyst-free and rapid approach to access seven types of small-sized, medium-sized, and large-sized heterocyclic units and to realize polyene-like domino halocyclizations, as exemplified by nearly 90 examples, including a risk-reducing flow protocol for gram-scale synthesis. DFT studies verify the crucial role of ICDA in affording a suitable preorganization for transition state stabilization and X+ transfer acceleration. The utilization of the ICDA model allows a spatiotemporal adjustment to straightforwardly obtain fast, selective and high-yielding synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihui Yang
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haowei Gao
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jiale Yan
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
- Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Science (Shenzhen), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen 518055 China
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6
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Deng R, Dong P, Ge J, Zhang W, Xue X, Duan L, Shi L, Gu Z. Regio- and Atroposelective Ring-Opening of 1H-Benzo[4,5]oxazolopyridinones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402231. [PMID: 38407456 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of new methods for regio- and stereoselective activation of C-O bonds in ethers holds significant promise for synthetic chemistry, offering advantages in terms of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. Moreover, the C-N atropisomers represent a fascinating and crucial chiral system, extensively found in natural products, pharmaceutical leads, and the frameworks of advanced materials. In this work, we have introduced a nickel-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective carbon-oxygen arylation reaction for atroposelective synthesis of N-arylisoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones. The high regioselectivity of C-O cleavage benefits from the high stability of the in situ formed (amido)ethenolate via oxidative addition. Additionally, the self-activation of the aryl C-O bond facilitates the reaction under mild conditions, leading to outstanding enantioselectivities. The diverse post-functionalizations of the axially chiral isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-diones further highlighted the utility of this protocol in preparing valuable C-N atropisomers, including the chiral phosphine ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixian Deng
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Puyang Dong
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jimeng Ge
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoping Xue
- College of Sciences and College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Longhui Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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7
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Ye M, Li C, Xiao D, Qu G, Yuan B, Sun Z. Atroposelective Synthesis of Aldehydes via Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Desymmetrization. JACS AU 2024; 4:411-418. [PMID: 38425895 PMCID: PMC10900225 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Axially chiral aldehydes have emerged recently as a unique class of motifs for drug design. However, few biocatalytic strategies have been reported to construct structurally diverse atropisomeric aldehydes. Herein, we describe the characterization of alcohol dehydrogenases to catalyze atroposelective desymmetrization of the biaryl dialdehydes. Investigations into the interactions between the substrate and key residues of the enzymes revealed the distinct origin of atroposelectivity. A panel of 13 atropisomeric monoaldehydes was synthesized with moderate to high enantioselectivity (up to >99% ee) and yields (up to 99%). Further derivatization allows enhancement of the diversity and application potential of the atropisomeric compounds. This study effectively expands the scope of enzymatic synthesis of atropisomeric aldehydes and provides insights into the binding modes and recognition mechanisms of such molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjing Ye
- College
of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of
Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Congcong Li
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic
Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- College
of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of
Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic
Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic
Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- Key
Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic
Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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8
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Yang QQ, Chen C, Yao D, Liu W, Liu B, Zhou J, Pan D, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Catalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Azomethine Imines and Neuroprotective Activity Evaluation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312663. [PMID: 38032817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Azomethine imines, as a prominent class of 1,3-dipolar species, hold great significance and potential in organic and medicinal chemistry. However, the reported synthesis of centrally chiral azomethine imines relies on kinetic resolution, and the construction of axially chiral azomethine imines remains unexplored. Herein, we present the synthesis of axially chiral azomethine imines through copper- or chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed ring-closure reactions of N'-(2-alkynylbenzylidene)hydrazides, showcasing high efficiency, mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and excellent enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the biological evaluation revealed that the synthesized axially chiral azomethine imines effectively protect dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons by inhibiting apoptosis induced by oxaliplatin, offering a promising therapeutic approach for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Remarkably, the (S)- and (R)-atropisomers displayed distinct neuroprotective activities, underscoring the significance of axial stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Dahong Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Dabo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China
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9
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Feng J, Lu CJ, Liu RR. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atropisomers Featuring an Aza Axis. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2537-2554. [PMID: 37694726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAtropisomers bearing a rotation-restricted axis are common structural units in natural products, chiral ligands, and drugs; thus, the prevalence of asymmetric synthesis has increased in recent decades. Research into atropisomers featuring an N-containing axis (N-X atropisomers) remains in its infancy compared with the well-developed C-C atropisomer analogue. Notably, N-X atropisomers could offer divergent scaffolds, which are extremely important in bioactive molecules. The asymmetric synthesis of N-X atropisomers is recognized as both appealing and challenging. Recently, we devoted our efforts to the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of N-X atropisomers, benzimidazole-aryl N-C atropisomers, indole-aryl N-C atropisomers, hydrogen-bond-assisted N-C atropisomers, pyrrole-pyrrole N-N atropisomers, pyrrole-indole N-N atropisomers, and indole-indole N-N atropisomers. To obtain the N-C atropisomers, an asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig reaction of amidines or enamines was employed. Using a Pd(OAc)2/(S)-BINAP or Pd(OAc)2/(S)-Xyl-BINAP catalyst system, benzimidazole-aryl N-C atropisomers and indole-aryl N-C atropisomers were readily obtained. To address the issue of the reduced stability of the diarylamine axis, a six-membered intramolecular N-H-O hydrogen bond was introduced into the N-C atropisomer scaffold. A tandem N-arylation/oxidation process was used for the chiral phosphoric acid (CPA)-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of N-aryl quinone atropisomers. For N-N atropisomers, a copper-mediated asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation/arylation reaction was developed. The desymmetrization process was completed successfully via a Cu(OTf)2/chiral bisoxazoline or (CuOTf)·Tol/bis(phosphine) dioxide system, thereby achieving the first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of N/N bipyrrole atropisomers. Asymmetric Buchwald-Hartwig amination of enamines was utilized to provide N-N bisindole atropisomers with excellent stereogenic control. This was the first asymmetric synthesis of N-N atropisomers featuring a bisindole structural scaffold using the de novo indole construction strategy. The asymmetric N-N heterobiaryl atropisomer synthesis was substantially facilitated using palladium-catalyzed transient directing group (TDG)-mediated C-H functionalization. Atropisomeric alkenylation, allylation, or alkynylation was accomplished using the Pd(OAc)2/l-tert-leucine system. Herein, we summarize our work on the palladium-, copper-, and CPA-catalyzed asymmetric syntheses of N-C and N-N atropisomers. Furthermore, the application of our work in the synthesis of bioactive molecule analogues and axially chiral ligands is demonstrated. Subsequently, the stability of the chiral N-containing axis is briefly discussed in terms of single crystals and obtained rotational barriers. Finally, an outlook on the asymmetric N-X atropisomer synthesis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ren-Rong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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10
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Roos CB, Chiang CH, Murray LAM, Yang D, Schulert L, Narayan ARH. Stereodynamic Strategies to Induce and Enrich Chirality of Atropisomers at a Late Stage. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10641-10727. [PMID: 37639323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers, where chirality arises from restricted rotation around a single bond, are atropisomers. Due to the unique nature of the origins of their chirality, synthetic strategies to access these compounds in an enantioselective manner differ from those used to prepare enantioenriched compounds containing point chirality arising from an unsymmetrically substituted carbon center. In particular stereodynamic transformations, such as dynamic kinetic resolutions, thermodynamic dynamic resolutions, and deracemizations, which rely on the ability to racemize or interconvert enantiomers, are a promising set of transformations to prepare optically pure compounds in the late stage of a synthetic sequence. Translation of these synthetic approaches from compounds with point chirality to atropisomers requires an expanded toolbox for epimerization/racemization and provides an opportunity to develop a new conceptual framework for the enantioselective synthesis of these compounds.
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11
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Heeb JP, Clayden J, Smith MD, Armstrong RJ. Interrogating the configurational stability of atropisomers. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2745-2771. [PMID: 37542183 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomers are molecules whose stereogenicity arises from restricted rotation about a single bond. They are of current importance because of their applications in catalysis, medicine and materials science. The defining feature of atropisomeric molecules is that their stereoisomers are related to one another by bond rotation: as a result, evaluating their configurational stability (i.e., the rate at which their stereoisomers interconvert) is central to any work in this area. Important atropisomeric scaffolds include C-C linked biaryls, such as the ligand BINAP and the drug vancomycin, and C-N linked amine derivatives such as the drug telenzepine. This article focuses on the three most widely used experimental methods that are available to measure the rate of racemization in atropisomers, namely: (i) kinetic analysis of the racemization of an enantioenriched sample, (ii) dynamic HPLC and (iii) variable-temperature NMR. For each technique, an explanation of the theory is set out, followed by a detailed experimental procedure. A discussion is also included of which technique to try when confronted with a new molecular structure whose properties are not yet known. None of the three procedures require complex experimental techniques, and all can be performed by using standard analytical equipment (NMR and HPLC). The time taken to determine a racemization rate depends on which experimental method is required, but for a new compound it is generally possible to measure a racemization rate in <1 d.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin D Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Roly J Armstrong
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences (Chemistry), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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12
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Mishra K, Guyon D, San Martin J, Yan Y. Chiral Perovskite Nanocrystals for Asymmetric Reactions: A Highly Enantioselective Strategy for Photocatalytic Synthesis of N-C Axially Chiral Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17242-17252. [PMID: 37499231 PMCID: PMC10926773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic approaches to generate enantiospecific chiral centers are the major premise of modern organic chemistry. Heterogeneous catalysis is responsible for the vast majority of chemical transformations, yet the direct employment of chiral solid catalysts for asymmetric synthesis is mostly overlooked. Here, we demonstrated that a heterogeneous metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal (NC) catalyst is active for asymmetric organic synthesis under visible-light activation. Chiral 1-phenylethylamine (PEA)-hybridized perovskite PEA/CsPbBr3 NC photocatalysts exhibit an enantioselective (up to 99% enantiomer excess, ee) avenue to produce N-C axially chiral N-heterocycles, i.e., N-arylindoles from N-arylamine photo-oxidation. Mechanistic investigation indicated a discriminated prochiral binding of the N-arylamine substrates onto the chiral-NC surface with ca. -2.4 kcal/mol enantiodifferentiation. Our perovskite NC heterogeneous catalytic system not only demonstrates a promising strategy to address the long-term challenges in atroposelective pharmaceutical scaffold synthesis but also paves the road to directly employ chiral solids for asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Dylana Guyon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jovan San Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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13
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Wang B, Xu H, Li FY, Wang JY. Copper(I)-Mediated Divergent Synthesis of Pyrroquinone Derivatives and 2-Halo-3-amino-1,4-quinones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37308444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A divergent transformation of 2-amino-1,4-quinones for the synthesis of pyrroquinone derivatives and 2-halo-3-amino-1,4-quinones was disclosed. The mechanistic study showed that both the tandem cyclization and halogenation involved a Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative radical process. This protocol not only constructed a series of novel pyrroquinone derivatives with high atom economy but also provided a new method of halogenation via directed C(sp2)-H functionalization with CuX (X = I, Br, Cl) serving as the X (X = I, Br, Cl) source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Yu Li
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiraltechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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14
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Kshatriya R. Recent Advancement in H 8-BINOL Catalyzed Asymmetric Methodologies. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17381-17406. [PMID: 37251114 PMCID: PMC10210047 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
H8-BINOL, a partially reduced form of BINOL, is widely employed in a broad array of organocatalyzed asymmetric methodologies. Over the last 25 years, asymmetric organocatalysis has witnessed an incredible improvement, and an advancement still continues to get a single enantio-enriched product. The broad-spectrum applications of H8-BINOL organocatalyst in C-C bond formation, C-heteroatom bond construction, name reactions, pericyclic reactions, and one pot and multicomponent reaction are attracting the attention of researchers. A diversified unique H8-BINOL-based catalyst has been synthesized and screened for catalytic activity. In this Review we frame out the H8-BINOL catalyzed novel discoveries from the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpratap Kshatriya
- School
of Chemical Sciences, UM-DAE Centre for
Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400098,India
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15
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Bao H, Chen Y, Yang X. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers through Enantioselective Desymmetrization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300481. [PMID: 36760025 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Axially chiral diaryl ethers are a type of unique atropisomers bearing two potential axes, which have potential applications in a variety of research fields. However, the catalytic enantioselective synthesis of these diaryl ether atropisomers is largely underexplored when compared to the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of biaryl or other types of atropisomers. Herein, we report a highly efficient catalytic asymmetric synthesis of diaryl ether atropisomers through an organocatalyzed enantioselective desymmetrization protocol. The chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric electrophilic aromatic aminations of the symmetrical 1,3-benzenediamine type substrates afforded a series of diaryl ether atropisomers in excellent yields and enantioselectivities. The facile construction of heterocycles by the utilizations of the 1,2-benzenediamine moiety in the products provided access to a variety of structurally diverse and novel azaarene-containing diaryl ether atropisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Bao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yunrong Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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16
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Zhang M, Zhao P, Wu D, Qiu Z, Zhao C, Zhang W, Li F, Zhou J, Liu L. Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines with Quinone Esters for the Construction of Carbazole and C-N Axially Chiral Carbazole Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36812409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated here an efficient synthetic method of carbazole derivatives from readily available N-arylnaphthalen-2-amines and quinone esters catalyzed by Brønsted acid. With this strategy, a series of carbazole derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields (76 to >99) under mild conditions. Large scale reaction illustrated the synthetic utility of this protocol. Meanwhile, a series of C-N axially chiral carbazole derivatives were also constructed in moderate to good yields (36-89% yield) with moderate to excellent atroposelectivities (44-94% ee) by using chiral phosphoric acid as a catalyst, which provides a novel strategy for the atroposelective construction of C-N axially chiral compounds and a new member of the C-N atropisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Pin Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Dongqing Wu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Zhichao Qiu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Chenyue Zhao
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Feng Li
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Henan Engineering Laboratory of Green Synthesis for Pharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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17
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Abstract
A mild bromination of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines has been achieved using acetyl bromide and dimethyl sulfoxide. A series of brominated pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines could be obtained in moderate to excellent yields (46-99%) at room temperature. This strategy can also be expanded to the facile bromination of polysubstituted pyrroles, indoles, electron-rich phenols, aniline, and 2-naphthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P. R. China
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18
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Dai L, Liu Y, Xu Q, Wang M, Zhu Q, Yu P, Zhong G, Zeng X. A Dynamic Kinetic Resolution Approach to Axially Chiral Diaryl Ethers by Catalytic Atroposelective Transfer Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216534. [PMID: 36536515 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diaryl ethers are widespread in biologically active compounds, ligands and catalysts. It is known that the diaryl ether skeleton may exhibit atropisomerism when both aryl rings are unsymmetrically substituted with bulky groups. Despite recent advances, only very few catalytic asymmetric methods have been developed to construct such axially chiral compounds. We describe herein a dynamic kinetic resolution approach to axially chiral diaryl ethers via a Brønsted acid catalyzed atroposelective transfer hydrogenation (ATH) reaction of dicarbaldehydes with anilines. The desired diaryl ethers could be obtained in moderate to good chemical yields (up to 79 %) and high enantioselectivities (up to 95 % ee) under standard reaction conditions. Such structural motifs are interesting precursors for further transformations and may have potential applications in the synthesis of chiral ligands or catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlong Dai
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaohong Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guofu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China
| | - Xiaofei Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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da Silva EM, Vidal HDA, Januário MAP, Corrêa AG. Advances in the Asymmetric Synthesis of BINOL Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010012. [PMID: 36615207 PMCID: PMC9821997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BINOL derivatives have shown relevant biological activities and are important chiral ligands and catalysts. Due to these properties, their asymmetric synthesis has attracted the interest of the scientific community. In this work, we present an overview of the most efficient methods to obtain chiral BINOLs, highlighting the use of metal complexes and organocatalysts as well as kinetic resolution. Further derivatizations of BINOLs are also discussed.
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20
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Rose BT, Timmerman JC, Bawel SA, Chin S, Zhang H, Denmark SE. High-Level Data Fusion Enables the Chemoinformatically Guided Discovery of Chiral Disulfonimide Catalysts for Atropselective Iodination of 2-Amino-6-arylpyridines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22950-22964. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan T. Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
| | - Jacob C. Timmerman
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Seth A. Bawel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven Chin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott E. Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IIllinois 61801, United States
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21
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Wang HQ, Wu SF, Yang JR, Zhang YC, Shi F. Design and Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Indolyl-Pyrroloindoles Bearing Both Axial and Central Chirality. J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qing Wang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Jun-Ru Yang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center of Chiral Functional Heterocycles, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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22
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Abstract
Atropisomerism is a conformational chirality that occurs when there is hindered rotation about a σ-bond. While atropisomerism is exemplified by biaryls, it is observed in many other pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds including heterobiaryls, benzamides, diarylamines, and anilides. As bond rotation leads to racemization, atropisomers span the gamut of stereochemical stability. LaPlante has classified atropisomers based on their half-life of racemization at 37 °C: class 1 (t1/2 < 60 s), class 2 (60 s < t1/2 < 4.5 years), and class 3 (t1/2 > 4.5 years). In general, class-3 atropisomers are considered to be suitable for drug development. There are currently four FDA-approved drugs that exist as stable atropisomers, and many others are in clinical trials or have recently appeared in the drug discovery literature. Class-1 atropisomers are more prevalent, with ∼30% of recent FDA-approved small molecules possessing at least one class-1 axis. While class-1 atropisomers do not possess the requisite stereochemical stability to meet the classical definition of atropisomerism, they often bind a given target in a specific set of chiral conformations.Over the past decade, our laboratory has embarked on a research program aimed at leveraging atropisomerism as a design feature to improve the target selectivity of promiscuous lead compounds. Our studies initially focused on introducing class-3 atropisomerism into promiscuous kinase inhibitors, resulting in a proof of principle in which the different atropisomers of a compound can have different selectivity profiles with potentially improved target selectivity. This inspired a careful analysis of the binding conformations of diverse ligands bound to different target proteins, resulting in the realization that the sampled dihedral conformations about a prospective atropisomeric axis played a key role in target binding and that preorganizing the prospective atropisomeric axis into a desired target's preferred conformational range can lead to large gains in target selectivity.As atropisomerism is becoming more prevalent in modern drug discovery, there is an increasing need for strategies for atropisomerically pure samples of pharmaceutical compounds. This has led us and other groups to develop catalytic atroposelective methodologies toward pharmaceutically privileged scaffolds. Our laboratory has contributed examples of atroposelective methodologies toward heterobiaryl systems while also exploring the chirality of less-studied atropisomers such as diarylamines and related scaffolds.This Account will detail recent encounters with atropisomerism in medicinal chemistry and how atropisomerism has transitioned from a "lurking menace" into a leverageable design strategy in order to modulate various properties of biologically active small molecules. This Account will also discuss recent advances in atroposelective synthesis, with a focus on methodologies toward pharmaceutically privileged scaffolds. We predict that a better understanding of the effects of conformational restriction about a prospective atropisomeric axis on target binding will empower chemists to rapidly "program" the selectivity of a lead molecule toward a desired target.
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23
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Zhu D, Yu L, Luo H, Xue X, Chen Z. Atroposelective Electrophilic Sulfenylation of
N
‐Aryl Aminoquinone Derivatives Catalyzed by Chiral SPINOL‐Derived Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211782. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Lu Yu
- College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Yun Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Song Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China
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24
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Liao L, Zhao X. Indane-Based Chiral Aryl Chalcogenide Catalysts: Development and Applications in Asymmetric Electrophilic Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2439-2453. [PMID: 36007167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric electrophilic reactions provide an ideal method for the construction of chiral molecules by incorporating one or more functional groups into the parent substrates under mild conditions. However, due to the issues of the reactivities of electrophilic species and the possible racemization of chiral intermediates as well as the restriction of the chiral scaffolds of chiral catalysts, many limitations remain in this field, such as the narrow scopes of substrates and electrophiles as well as the limited types of nucleophiles and reactions. To overcome the limitations in the synthesis of diversified chiral molecules, we developed a series of indane-based chiral amino aryl chalcogenide catalysts. These catalysts are easily prepared based on the privileged chiral indane scaffold. They can provide an appropriate H-bonding effect by varying the amino protecting groups as well as offer a proper Lewis basicity and steric hindrance by adjusting different substituents on the aryl chalcogenide motifs. These features allow for them to meet the requirements of reactivity and the chiral environment of the reactions. Notably, they have been successfully applied to various asymmetric electrophilic reactions of alkenes, alkynes, and arenes, expanding the field of electrophilic reactions.Using these catalysts, we realized the enantioselective CF3S-lactonization of olefinic carboxylic acids, enantioselective CF3S-aminocyclization of olefinic sulfonamides, desymmetrizing enantioselective CF3S-carbocyclization of gem-diaryl-tethered alkenes, enantioselective CF3S-oxycyclization of N-allylamides, enantioselective intermolecular trifluoromethylthiolating difunctionalization and allylic C-H trifluoromethylthiolation of trisubstituted alkenes, formally the intermolecular CF3S-oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic internal alkenes, intermolecular azidothiolation, oxythiolation, thioarylation of N-allyl sulfonamides, desymmetrizing enantioselective chlorocarbocyclization of aryl-tethered diolefins, enantioselective Friedel-Crafts-type electrophilic chlorination of N-allyl anilides, and enantioselective chlorocarbocyclization and dearomatization of N-allyl 1-naphthanilides. Additionally, the enantioselective electrophilic carbothiolation of alkynes to construct enantiopure carbon chirality center-containing molecules and axially chiral amino sulfide vinyl arenes and the electrophilic aromatic halogenation to produce P-chirogenic compounds can be accomplished. In these reactions, a bifunctional binding mode is proposed in the catalytic cycles, in which an acid-derived anion-binding interaction might exist and account for the high enantioselectivities of the reactions.In this Account, we demonstrate our achievements in asymmetric electrophilic reactions and share our thoughts on catalyst design, our understanding of asymmetric electrophilic reactions, and our perspectives in the field of chiral chalcogenide-catalyzed asymmetric electrophilic reactions. We hope that the experience we share will promote the design and development of other novel organocatalysts and new challenging reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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25
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Zhu D, Yu L, Luo HY, Xue XS, Chen ZM. Atroposelective Electrophilic Sulfenylation of N‐Aryl Aminoquinone Derivatives Catalyzed by Chiral SPINOL‐Derived Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deng Zhu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Lu Yu
- Nankai University college of chemistry 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District 300071 CHINA
| | - Hui-Yun Luo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhi-Min Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 800 Dongchuan RD. Minhang District 200240 Shanghai CHINA
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26
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Qin J, Zhou T, Zhou TP, Tang L, Zuo H, Yu H, Wu G, Wu Y, Liao RZ, Zhong F. Catalytic Atroposelective Electrophilic Amination of Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205159. [PMID: 35612900 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reported here is the first catalytic atroposelective electrophilic amination of indoles, which delivers functionalized atropochiral N-sulfonyl-3-arylaminoindoles with excellent optical purity. This reaction was furnished by 1,6-nucleophilic addition to p-quinone diimines. Control experiments suggest an ionic mechanism that differs from the radical addition pathway commonly proposed for 1,6-addition to quinones. The origin of 1,6-addition selectivity was investigated through computational studies. Preliminary studies show that the obtained 3-aminoindoles atropisomers exhibit anticancer activities. This method is valuable with respect to enlarging the toolbox for atropochiral amine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Qin
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tai-Ping Zhou
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Langyu Tang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Honghua Zuo
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huaibin Yu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
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27
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Wang W, Yang X, Dai R, Yan Z, Wei J, Dou X, Qiu X, Zhang H, Wang C, Liu Y, Song S, Jiao N. Catalytic Electrophilic Halogenation of Arenes with Electron-Withdrawing Substituents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13415-13425. [PMID: 35839515 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The electrophilic halogenation of arenes is perhaps the simplest method to prepare aryl halides, which are important structural motifs in agrochemicals, materials, and pharmaceuticals. However, the nucleophilicity of arenes is weakened by the electron-withdrawing substituents, whose electrophilic halogenation reactions usually require harsh conditions and lead to limited substrate scopes and applications. Therefore, the halogenation of arenes containing electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) and complex bioactive compounds under mild conditions has been a long-standing challenge. Herein, we describe Brønsted acid-catalyzed halogenation of arenes with electron-withdrawing substituents under mild conditions, providing an efficient protocol for aryl halides. The hydrogen bonding of Brønsted acid with the protic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) enables this transformation and thus solves this long-standing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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28
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Chen XH, Li WZ, Zhang W, Wang ZD, Cui HL. Modification of Pyrroloisoquinolines with 2‐Bromoketones and Dimethyl Sulfoxide through Bromination. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis CHINA
| | - Wan-Zhen Li
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis CHINA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis CHINA
| | - Zhao-Dong Wang
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies CHINA
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis 319 Honghe Ave, Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160 Chongqing CHINA
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29
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Homma D, Taketani S, Shirai T, Caytan E, Roussel C, Elguero J, Alkorta I, Kitagawa O. Rotational Behavior of N-(5-Substituted-pyrimidin-2-yl)anilines: Relayed Electronic Effect in Two N-Ar Bond Rotations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8118-8125. [PMID: 35657258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-2-methoxymethylanilines 1 bearing various 5-substituted-pyrimidin-2-yl groups were prepared, and their rotational behaviors were explored in detail. It was revealed that the rotational barriers around two N-Ar bonds increase in proportion to the electron-withdrawing ability of substituents X at the 5-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Homma
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Shuhei Taketani
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry (Japanese Association of Bio-intelligence for Well-being), Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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30
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Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral 3,3'‐Bisindoles by Direct Coupling of Indole Rings. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Qin J, Zhou T, Zhou T, Tang L, Zuo H, Yu H, Wu G, Wu Y, Liao RZ, Zhong F. Catalytic Atroposelective Electrophilic Amination of Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Qin
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Taiping Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Langyu Tang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Honghua Zuo
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Huaibin Yu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guojiao Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Fangrui Zhong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Luoyu road 1037 430074 Wuhan CHINA
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32
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Vaidya SD, Heydari BS, Toenjes ST, Gustafson JL. Approaches toward Atropisomerically Stable and Conformationally Pure Diarylamines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6760-6768. [PMID: 35486501 PMCID: PMC9799075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diarylamines possess two potentially atropisomeric C-N axes; however, there are few examples of atropisomerically stable diarylamines in the literature, as the contiguous axes can allow for low energy racemization pathways via concerted bond rotations. Herein, we describe highly atropisomerically stable diarylamines that possess barriers to racemization of 30-36 kcal/mol, corresponding to half-lives to racemization on the decade to century time scale at room temperature. Investigation of the factors that led to the high stereochemical stability suggests that increased conjugation of the aniline lone pair of electrons into a more electron-deficient aryl ring, coupled with intramolecular hydrogen-bonding, locked the corresponding axis into a defined planar conformation, disfavoring the lower energy racemization pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar D. Vaidya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Beeta S. Heydari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Sean T. Toenjes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
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33
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Li J, Li YA, Wu G, Zhang X. Metal-Free Aminohalogenation of Quinones With Alkylamines and NXS at Room Temperature. Front Chem 2022; 10:917371. [PMID: 35707457 PMCID: PMC9189915 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.917371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and practical strategy for intermolecular aminohalogenation of quinone with alkyl amines and NXS was developed, in which haloamines generated in situ were employed as bifunctional reagents. The reaction system is reliable, efficient and wide in substrate range, which is suitable for the two-fold aminochlorination of 1, 4-benzoquinones, large-scale reaction and late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-An Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-An Li, ; Ge Wu,
| | - Ge Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu-An Li, ; Ge Wu,
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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34
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Rodríguez‐Salamanca P, Fernández R, Hornillos V, Lassaletta JM. Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral C-N Atropisomers. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104442. [PMID: 35191558 PMCID: PMC9314733 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecules with restricted rotation around a single bond or atropisomers are found in a wide number of natural products and bioactive molecules as well as in chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis and smart materials. Although most of these compounds are biaryls and heterobiaryls displaying a C−C stereogenic axis, there is a growing interest in less common and more challenging axially chiral C−N atropisomers. This review offers an overview of the various methodologies available for their asymmetric synthesis. A brief introduction is initially given to contextualize these axially chiral skeletons, including a historical background and examples of natural products containing axially chiral C−N axes. The preparation of different families of C−N based atropisomers is then presented from anilides to chiral five‐ and six‐membered ring heterocycles. Special emphasis has been given to modern catalytic asymmetric strategies over the past decade for the synthesis of these chiral scaffolds. Applications of these methods to the preparation of natural products and biologically active molecules will be highlighted along the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez‐Salamanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro deInnovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)C/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
| | - Rosario Fernández
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Sevilla) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González, 141012SevillaSpain
| | - Valentín Hornillos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro deInnovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)C/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Sevilla) and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/ Prof. García González, 141012SevillaSpain
| | - José M. Lassaletta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US) and Centro deInnovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)C/ Américo Vespucio, 4941092SevillaSpain
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35
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Mei GJ, Koay WL, Guan CY, Lu Y. Atropisomers beyond the C–C axial chirality: Advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Chen KW, Chen ZH, Yang S, Wu SF, Zhang YC, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N-N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116829. [PMID: 35080808 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The first highly atroposelective construction of N-N axially chiral indole scaffolds was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation. This strategy makes use of the organocatalytic asymmetric Paal-Knorr reaction of well-designed N-aminoindoles with 1,4-diketones, thus affording N-pyrrolylindoles in high yields and with excellent atroposelectivities (up to 98 % yield, 96 % ee). In addition, this strategy is applicable for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral bispyrroles (up to 98 % yield, 97 % ee). More importantly, such N-N axially chiral heterocycles can be converted into chiral organocatalysts with applications in asymmetric catalysis, and some molecules display potent anticancer activity. This work not only provides a new strategy for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral molecules but also offers new members of the N-N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhi-Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shu-Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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37
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Zhou QY, Li X. Atroposelective construction of axially chiral enamides via N-allylic alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4727-4730. [PMID: 35319047 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01000c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of a unique family of axially chiral enamides in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities under mild conditions. These new axially chiral compounds feature a flexible skeleton and a high degree of rotational freedom, which raises difficulties for enantiocontrol. A mechanism model is proposed to interpret the stereoselectivity, in which both the steric difference of the ortho substituents and the π-π stacking interaction may contribute to the stereo-control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China. .,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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38
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Campbell E, Taladriz-Sender A, Paisley OI, Kennedy AR, Bush JT, Burley GA. A Chemo- and Regioselective Tandem [3 + 2]Heteroannulation Strategy for Carbazole Synthesis: Combining Two Mechanistically Distinct Bond-Forming Processes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4603-4616. [PMID: 35302774 PMCID: PMC8981337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A modular approach to prepare tri-
and tetracyclic carbazoles by
a sequential [3 + 2]heteroannulation is described. First, optimization
of Pd-catalyzed Buchwald–Hartwig amination followed by C/N-arylation
in a one-pot process is established. Second, mechanistic analyses
identified the origins of chemo- and regioselective sequential control
of both bond-forming steps. Finally, the substrate scope is demonstrated
by the preparation of a range of tri- and tetracyclic carbazoles,
including expedient access to several natural products and anti-cancer
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Campbell
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Andrea Taladriz-Sender
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Olivia I Paisley
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Jacob T Bush
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Glenn A Burley
- Department of Pure Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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39
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Sweet JS, Wang R, Manesiotis P, Dingwall P, Knipe PC. Atropselective synthesis of N-aryl pyridones via dynamic kinetic resolution enabled by non-covalent interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2392-2396. [PMID: 35257135 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00177b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic kinetic resolution of C-N atropisomeric pyridones was achieved via asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis, exploiting a rotational barrier-lowering hydrogen bond in the starting materials. X-ray and NMR experiments revealed the presence of a barrier-raising ground state CH⋯π interaction in the product, supported by DFT calculations. A co-crystal of the quinidine-derived phase-transfer catalyst and substrate reveals key substrate-catalyst non-covalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S Sweet
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Ruichen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Panagiotis Manesiotis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Paul Dingwall
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Peter C Knipe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
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40
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Chen K, Chen Z, Yang S, Wu S, Zhang Y, Shi F. Organocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N−N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke‐Wei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Zhi‐Han Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shuang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Shu‐Fang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Yu‐Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China
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41
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Stereoselective construction of atropisomers featuring a C–N chiral axis. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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42
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Shukla PM, Bhattacharya A, Pratap A, Pradhan A, Sinha P, Soni T, Maji B. HFIP-promoted halo-carbocyclizations of N- and O-tethered arene–alkene substrates to access all halo (X = Br, I, Cl)-functionalized tetrahydroquinoline and chroman cores. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8136-8144. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a HFIP-promoted mild and efficient method for the synthesis of all halo (X = Br, I, Cl)-functionalized tetrahydroquinoline and chroman building blocks is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpendra Mani Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aniruddh Pratap
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Akash Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Puspita Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tanishk Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Biswajit Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak-484886, Madhya Pradesh, India
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43
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Lin W, Zhao Q, Li Y, Pan M, Yang C, Yang GH, Li X. Asymmetric synthesis of N-N axially chiral compounds via organocatalytic atroposelective N-acylation. Chem Sci 2021; 13:141-148. [PMID: 35059162 PMCID: PMC8694391 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with the well-developed C-C and C-N axial chirality, the asymmetric synthesis of N-N axial chirality remains elusive and challenging. Herein we report the first atroposelective N-acylation reaction of quinazolinone type benzamides with cinnamic anhydrides for the direct catalytic synthesis of optically active atropisomeric quinazolinone derivatives. This reaction features mild conditions and a broad substrate scope and produces N-N axially chiral compounds with high yields and very good enantioselectivities. Besides, the synthetic utility of the protocol was proved by a large scale reaction, transformation of the product and the utilization of the product as an acylation kinetic resolution reagent. Moreover, DFT calculations provide convincing evidence for the interpretation of stereoselection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Guo-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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44
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Pan M, Shao YB, Zhao Q, Li X. Asymmetric Synthesis of N-N Axially Chiral Compounds by Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Alkylations. Org Lett 2021; 24:374-378. [PMID: 34928616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
N-N axially chiral skeletons are significant structural motifs in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. Herein we disclose a method for the asymmetric synthesis of N-N axially chiral compounds by phase-transfer catalysis. A wide range of N-N axially chiral quinazolinone derivatives were prepared in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of the protocol was proved by large-scale reaction and transformation of the product. Density functional theory calculations provide insight into the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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45
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Yang H, Xu WL, Zeng XY, Chen J, Yu L, Zhou L. Hydrogen Bond Assisted Central-to-Spiro Chirality Transfer and Central-to-Axial Chirality Conversion: Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirocycles. Org Lett 2021; 23:9315-9320. [PMID: 34779205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric construction of chiral spiroenones bearing both axial and spiro-central chirality has been established for the first time by a central-to-spiro chirality transfer and a central-to-axial chirality conversion from chiral 2,3-diarylbenzoindolines. Mechanistic studies indicate the hydrogen bonds play important roles in this process, providing an efficient strategy for enantioselective construction of spirocyclic backbones via simultaneously controlling spiro-central and axial chirality in one operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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46
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Woldegiorgis AG, Lin X. Recent advances in the asymmetric phosphoric acid-catalyzed synthesis of axially chiral compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2729-2764. [PMID: 34876929 PMCID: PMC8609246 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the synthesis of axially chiral compounds has received considerable attention due to their extensive application as biologically active compounds in medicinal chemistry and as chiral ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Chiral phosphoric acids are recognized as efficient organocatalysts for a variety of enantioselective transformations. In this review, we summarize the recent development of chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed synthesis of a wide range of axially chiral biaryls, heterobiaryls, vinylarenes, N-arylamines, spiranes, and allenes with high efficiency and excellent stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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47
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Fernando EHN, Cortes Vazquez J, Davis J, Luo W, Nesterov VN, Wang H. Can Primary Arylamines Form Enamine? Evidence, α-Enaminone, and [3+3] Cycloaddition Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14617-14626. [PMID: 34610241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The formation of enamine from primary arylamines was detected and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The presence of a radical quencher, e.g., (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl, was found to be essential for the detection of enamine formation. A direct synthesis of α-enaminones from primary arylamines and ketones was also developed. Mechanistic investigation of α-enaminone formation suggests that an amine radical cation generated through O2 singlet energy transfer was involved in initiating α-enaminone formation. The reactivity and utility of α-enaminones were explored with a [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of enones affording dihydropyridines in good yields (58-85%). α-Enaminones displayed a set of reactivities that is different from that of enamines. The knowledge gained in this work advances our basic understanding of organic chemistry, providing insights and new opportunities in enamine catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Nisala Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jose Cortes Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Jacqkis Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Weiwei Luo
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Vladimir N Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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48
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Mei GJ, Wong JJ, Zheng W, Nangia AA, Houk K, Lu Y. Rational design and atroposelective synthesis of N–N axially chiral compounds. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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49
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Yang J, Zhang JW, Bao W, Qiu SQ, Li S, Xiang SH, Song J, Zhang J, Tan B. Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Remote Control of Axial Chirality at Boron-Carbon Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12924-12929. [PMID: 34384026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The previously elusive catalytic enantioselective construction of axially chiral B-aryl-1,2-azaborines with a C-B stereogenic axis has been realized through a chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed desymmetrization strategy reported herein. The electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of 3,5-disubsituted phenols with diazodicarboxamides could afford these axially chiral structures in good efficiency with excellent enantiocontrol. The efficient long-range stereochemical control is achieved by multiple well-defined H-bonding interactions between chiral phosphoric acid and both substrates. Meanwhile, the reaction duration could be markedly shortened with weakly acidic N-H in 1,2-azaborine acting as H-bond donor. The scalability of the reaction and facile cleavage of the N-N bond in the product further demonstrated the practicality of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Yang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ji-Wei Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen Bao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sheng-Qi Qiu
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyu Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shao-Hua Xiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun Song
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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50
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Yeung YY, Wong J. Recent Advances in C–Br Bond Formation. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1610772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganobromine compounds are extremely useful in organic synthesis. In this perspective, a focused discussion on some recent advancements in C–Br bond-forming reactions is presented.1 Introduction2 Selected Recent Advances2.1 Catalytic Asymmetric Bromopolycyclization of Olefinic Substrates2.2 Catalytic Asymmetric Intermolecular Bromination2.3 Some New Catalysts and Reagents for Bromination2.4 Catalytic Site-Selective Bromination of Aromatic Compounds2.5 sp3 C–H Bromination via Atom Transfer/Cross-Coupling3 Outlook
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