1
|
Witas K, Nair SS, Maisuradze T, Zedler L, Schmidt H, Garcia-Porta P, Rein ASJ, Bolter T, Rau S, Kupfer S, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Sorsche DU. Beyond the First Coordination Sphere─Manipulating the Excited-State Landscape in Iron(II) Chromophores with Protons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19710-19719. [PMID: 38990184 PMCID: PMC11273614 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Molecular transition metal chromophores play a central role in light harvesting and energy conversion. Recently, earth-abundant transition-metal-based chromophores have begun to challenge the dominance of platinum group metal complexes in this area. However, the development of new chromophores with optimized photophysical properties is still limited by a lack of synthetic methods, especially with respect to heteroleptic complexes with functional ligands. Here, we demonstrate a facile and efficient method for the combination of strong-field carbenes with the functional 2,2'-bibenzimidazole ligand in a heteroleptic iron(II) chromophore complex. Our approach yields two isomers that differ predominantly in their excited-state lifetimes based on the symmetry of the ligand field. Deprotonation of both isomers leads to a significant red-shift of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption and a shortening of excited-state lifetimes. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with quantum chemical simulations and resonance Raman spectroscopy reveals the complex relationship between protonation and photophysical properties. Protonation is found to tip the balance between MLCT and metal-centered (MC) excited states in favor of the former. This study showcases the first example of fine-tuning of the excited-state landscape in an iron(II) chromophore through second-sphere manipulations and provides a new perspective to the challenge of excited-state optimizations in 3d transition metal chromophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Witas
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Shruthi Santhosh Nair
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Tamar Maisuradze
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Linda Zedler
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Heiner Schmidt
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Pablo Garcia-Porta
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | | | - Tim Bolter
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Research
Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena (FSU Jena), Lessingstraße 4, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Dieter U. Sorsche
- Institute
for Inorganic Chemistry 1, Ulm University
(UUlm), Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm 89081, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Çeper T, Langer M, Vashistha N, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Streb C, Rau S, Schacher FH. Poly(dehydroalanine)-Based Hydrogels as Efficient Soft Matter Matrices for Light-Driven Catalysis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300448. [PMID: 38232973 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Soft matter integration of photosensitizers and catalysts provides promising solutions to developing sustainable materials for energy conversion. Particularly, hydrogels bring unique benefits, such as spatial control and 3D-accessibility of molecular units, as well as recyclability. Herein, the preparation of polyampholyte hydrogels based on poly(dehydroalanine) (PDha) is reported. Chemically crosslinked PDha with bis-epoxy poly(ethylene glycol) leads to a transparent, self-supporting hydrogel. Due to the ionizable groups on PDha, this 3D polymeric matrix can be anionic, cationic, or zwitterionic depending on the pH value, and its high density of dynamic charges has a potential for electrostatic attachment of charged molecules. The integration of the cationic molecular photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)3 ]2+ (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is realized, which is a reversible process controlled by pH, leading to light harvesting hydrogels. They are further combined with either a thiomolybdate catalyst ([Mo3 S13 ]2- ) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or a cobalt polyoxometalate catalyst (Co4 POM = [Co4 (H2 O)2 (PW9 O34 )2 ]10- ) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Under the optimized condition, the resulting hydrogels show catalytic activity in both cases upon visible light irradiation. In the case of OER, higher photosensitizer stability is observed compared to homogeneous systems, as the polymer environment seems to influence decomposition pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Çeper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Marcel Langer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nikita Vashistha
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department of Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Allee 9, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Department of Functional Interfaces, Albert Einstein Allee 9, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Streb
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, D-07743, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klingler S, Bagemihl B, Mengele AK, Kaufhold S, Myllyperkiö P, Ahokas J, Pettersson M, Rau S, Mizaikoff B. Rationalizing In Situ Active Repair in Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalysis via Non-Invasive Raman Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306287. [PMID: 37519152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most photosensitizers and catalysts used in the field of artificial photosynthesis are still based on rare earth metals and should thus be utilized as efficiently and economically as possible. While repair of an inactivated catalyst is a potential mitigation strategy, this remains a challenge. State-of-the-art methods are crucial for characterizing reaction products during photocatalysis and repair, and are currently based on invasive analysis techniques limiting real-time access to the involved mechanisms. Herein, we use an innovative in situ technique for detecting both initially evolved hydrogen and after active repair via advanced non-invasive rotational Raman spectroscopy. This facilitates unprecedently accurate monitoring of gaseous reaction products and insight into the mechanism of active repair during light-driven catalysis enabling the identification of relevant mechanistic details along with innovative repair strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Klingler
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bagemihl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Kaufhold
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pasi Myllyperkiö
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Ahokas
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Financial and Facility Services, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 University of, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sven Rau
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Hahn-Schickard, Sedanstraße 4, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|