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Santos ALRD, Lima IDM, Vieira AT, Gondim PDM, Cascon P, Faria AMD. Development and application of a mini-QuEChERS method for the determination of pesticide residues in anuran adipose tissues. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:5078-5086. [PMID: 37743828 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01442h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of monocultures to regions close to conservation areas has put biodiversity at risk, mainly due to the intense use of pesticides. Anurans are highly susceptible to pesticides and may be a biological marker in the contamination of an area. However, methods for determining pesticides in anurans are incipient. In this work, a miniaturized QuEChERS method was developed for the extraction of atrazine, chlorpyrifos, α- and β-endosulfan, α-, β-, θ- and ζ-cypermethrin in anuran adipose tissues. The method was optimized for the tissue sample size scale according to sample mass availability. Extracting solvent and adsorbents for the clean-up step was evaluated, achieving recoveries next to 100% with acetonitrile and without a clean-up step. The mini-QuEChERS method, using 500 mg of adipose tissue, 50 mg of NaCl and 200 mg of MgSO4, 100 μL of ultrapure water, and 1.50 mL of acetonitrile with no purification step, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and photodiode array detection was validated following the European Community guidelines. The methodology showed a moderate matrix effect for some pesticides, which was corrected using the matrix-matched calibration. The limits of quantification for the pesticide residues in adipose tissues ranged from 10 to 75 μg kg-1. Pesticide recoveries ranged from 74% to 115%, and repeatability and within-lab reproducibility showed relative standard deviations < 11%. The mini-QuEChERS method was applied to extract pesticide residues from the adipose tissues of two species of anurans: Leptodactylus macrosternum and Scinax x-signatus. 25% of samples were positive, detecting endosulfan and chlorpyriphos, confirmed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The mini-QuEChERS was a simple, economical, and eco-friendly method for extracting pesticide residues in anuran adipose tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor de Melo Lima
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences of Pontal, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
| | - Andressa Tironi Vieira
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences of Pontal, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Cascon
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60440-900, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Anizio Marcio de Faria
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, Brazil
- Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences of Pontal, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38304-402, Ituiutaba, Brazil.
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Arsawiset S, Sansenya S, Teepoo S. Nanozymes paper-based analytical device for the detection of organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341377. [PMID: 37257977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) nanozymes paper-based analytical device was designed for the rapid detection of organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The paper-based analytical device was modified with silica oxide nanoparticles to enhance the assay sensitivity. CuO nanozymes displayed peroxidase-like activity and catalyzed the oxidation of o-dianisidine in the presence of H2O2 from the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine. This results in the formation of a brown-colored product. In the presence of organophosphate pesticides such as malathion, acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited, resulting in reduced color intensity production, and which was measured with a smartphone. The proposed nanozymes paper-based analytical device exhibited a good linear detection range (0.1-5 mg L-1), a low detection limit of 0.08 mg L-1, and the analysis time was only about 10 min for malathion detection under optimal conditions. Moreover, the CuONPs had excellent catalytic activity and higher stability than peroxidase. Finally, this device can be applied to detect organophosphate pesticides in fruits and vegetables with rapidity, accuracy, portability, and ease of handling in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supattra Arsawiset
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Sompong Sansenya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Teepoo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12110, Thailand.
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Miniaturized QuEChERS extraction method for the detection of multi-residue pesticides in bat muscle tissue. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7164. [PMID: 35505235 PMCID: PMC9065137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability, with physiological implications on wild fauna. Bats (Microchiroptera) are small mammals with a wide variety of eating habits, and the well-being of these animals is disturbed by exposure to pesticides. This study aimed to develop a miniaturized QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction method for the detection of multi-residue pesticides in bat muscle tissue using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 48 pesticides were tested in 250 mg of bat muscle tissue. The developed analytical method was applied to 148 bats collected from two different areas in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Region of Brazil. The method presented good sensitivity and allowed the determination of residues of 48 pesticides in bat muscle using GC–MS. The miniaturized extraction method makes the analysis feasible even when the sample volume is limited. However, no pesticide residues were detected in bats from the two areas investigated.
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Barbosa-Medina AM, Maciel EVS, Dos Santos DM, Lanças FM, Vieira EM. Neonicotinoids exposure assessment in Africanized honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.) by using an environmentally-friendly sample preparation technique followed by UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:252-262. [PMID: 35264079 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2047389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized QuEChERS extraction method followed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to analyze thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in 0.3 g of lyophilized Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). The work aimed to estimate honey bees' exposure to pesticides at the nanogram/gram (ng g-1) levels, using small sample and reagent quantities. Low amounts of solvents and salts were employed - 15× less than used in traditional methods. Average recoveries ranged from 64.5% to 99.7%, with repeatability below 20% for samples spiked at 3 and 167 ng g-1. LOD and LOQ were 0.7, and 3 ng g-1 for both pesticides. Applying the proposed approach, honey bee samples from different apiaries from the State of São Paulo (Brazil) were analyzed. The pesticides were detected in concentrations between 7.0 and 27.0 ng g-1. Thus, the proposed method can be used as a greener alternative to analyze the two neonicotinoids at trace levels in small quantities of bees, consequently saving chemicals and waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eny Maria Vieira
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Direct sample introduction GC-MS/MS for quantification of organic chemicals in mammalian tissues and blood extracted with polymers without clean-up. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:7295-7305. [PMID: 32803303 PMCID: PMC7497510 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Solvent extracts of mammalian tissues and blood contain a large amount of co-extracted matrix components, in particular lipids, which can adversely affect instrumental analysis. Clean-up typically degrades non-persistent chemicals. Alternatively, passive sampling with the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been used for a comprehensive extraction from tissue without altering the mixture composition. Despite a smaller fraction of matrix being co-extracted by PDMS than by solvent extraction, direct analysis of PDMS extracts was only possible with direct sample introduction (DSI) GC-MS/MS, which prevented co-extracted matrix components entering the system. Limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 4 to 20 pg μL−1 ethyl acetate (PDMS extract) for pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The group of organophosphorus flame retardants showed higher LOQs up to 107 pg μL−1 due to sorption to active sites at the injection system. Intraday precision ranged between 1 and 10%, while the range of interday precision was between 1 and 18% depending on the analyte. The method was developed using pork liver, brain, and fat as well as blood and was then applied to analyze human post-mortem tissues where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and DDT metabolites were detected. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Rageh AH, Abdel-Rahim SA, Askal HF, Saleh GA. Hydrophilic-interaction planar chromatography in ultra-sensitive determination of α-aminocephalosporin antibiotics. Application to analysis of cefalexin in goat milk samples using modified QuEChERS extraction technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:421-434. [PMID: 30716654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, selective and precise HPTLC method coupled with fluorescence detection was developed and validated for the determination of α-aminocephalosporin antibiotics; namely cefalexin, cefadroxil and cefradine in their standard solutions. The applicability of the developed methodology was demonstrated via analysis of cefalexin in goat milk samples. Full optimization of the fluorescence derivatization reaction was carried out with regard to the standard solutions of the studied compounds or after extraction of milk samples. The separation of the studied compounds was performed on HPTLC precoated silica gel plates 60 F254 using acetonitrile: water in a ratio 85:15 (v/v) as a mobile phase. The retention behavior of the formed derivatives was discussed in detail. It was found that hydrophilic interaction mode is the main interaction mechanism governing the retention of the formed derivatives. In addition, an experimental design approach was conducted for optimization of the chromatographic conditions. Modified QuEChERS was applied as an efficient extraction technique of cefalexin from both spiked and real goat milk samples. Optimization of QuEChERS extraction technique to achieve the highest extraction recovery was performed and the results indicate that this method provides a good extraction recovery (83-116%) for cefalexin from goat milk samples. Limit of detection (LOD) of the developed method was found to be 0.023, 0.005, and 0.023 ng band-1 for cefalexin, cefadroxil and cefradine, respectively in their standard solutions and 0.165 ng band-1 for cefalexin in goat milk samples. According to the achieved LOD values, the method sensitivity was quasi-equivalent to other methods based on expensive techniques such as HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS and it is sufficient to determine cefalexin below its MRL in milk samples. Moreover, the method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of cefalexin in goat milk after single intramuscular injection of 10 mg of cefalexin kg-1 per body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza H Rageh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
| | - Sherien A Abdel-Rahim
- Pharmaceutical Service Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Hassan F Askal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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Gibson EA, Stapleton HM, Calero L, Holmes D, Burke K, Martinez R, Cortes B, Nematollahi A, Evans D, Anderson KA, Herbstman JB. Differential exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in mother-child pairs. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:567-573. [PMID: 30553217 PMCID: PMC6460923 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans are ubiquitously exposed to flame retardants, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), through direct contact with consumer products or exposure through household dust. Children are at increased risk because of their proximity to dust, hand-to-mouth activity, and the importance of childhood as a critical period in neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVES To quantify differences in exposure levels between mothers and children (three to six years of age), we analyzed urinary metabolites of OPEs. We additionally assessed the ability of silicone wristbands (measuring ambient exposure) to predict urinary metabolite concentrations. METHODS We selected 32 mother and child dyads from an existing cohort. Participants provided baseline urine samples and wore wristbands for one week. After the first week, they returned their wristbands and provided a second urine sample. During the second week, participants wore a second wristband that they returned at the end of week two with a third and final urine sample. RESULTS We found significantly higher levels of bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) (p < 0.001) and lower levels of bis(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) 1-hydroxy-2-propyl phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (p < 0.001) in children's urine samples compared to mothers' samples at baseline. We found that triphenylphosphate (TPHP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) measured in wristbands predicted their respective metabolite levels in urine. CONCLUSION Children had higher levels than mothers for two of six flame retardant metabolites measured in urine. Generally, wristband measurements positively predicted internal dose. As little is known about the health effects of OPEs on child development, future research is needed to determine the impact of differential exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Gibson
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- NicholasSchool of the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lehyla Calero
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Darrell Holmes
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kimberly Burke
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rodney Martinez
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Boris Cortes
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy Nematollahi
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Evans
- Departmentof Pediatrics, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Departmentof Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Julie B Herbstman
- Departmentof Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Zhang X, Song Y, Jia Q, Zhang L, Zhang W, Mu P, Jia Y, Qian Y, Qiu J. Simultaneous determination of 58 pesticides and relevant metabolites in eggs with a multi-functional filter by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1593:81-90. [PMID: 30738613 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of 58 pesticides and relevant metabolites in eggs was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) after clean-up with a multi-functional filter (MFF) based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method (QuEChERS). The egg sample was extracted with 5 ml water and 10 ml 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile and then salt out with sodium chloride. The extracted solution was filtered directly through an MFF containing 50 mg PSA, 50 mg C18, and 150 mg magnesium sulphate before UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. The clean-up and filter procedures were integrated using the MFF to substantially improve the work efficiency. Good linearity was shown for each analyte, and all the correlation coefficients exceeded 0.99. The recoveries in the eggs at the five spiked levels were 74.4%-115.2%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 15.3%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 58 pesticides and 8 metabolites in eggs were 0.1-1.0 μg/kg and 0.2-5.0 μg/kg, respectively. The decision limit (CCα) and detection capacity (CCβ) were 3.4-111.1 μg/kg and 6.8-122.1 μg/kg, respectively. This method has also been successfully applied in the determination of actual eggs samples. This developed method is more effective and faster in the monitoring of pesticide residue in eggs compared to the traditional analytical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xining Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Song
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Pengqian Mu
- China Asia Pacific Application Support Center, AB SCIEX, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yanbo Jia
- China Asia Pacific Application Support Center, AB SCIEX, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
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A Novel Sensitive Luminescence Probe Microspheres for Rapid and Efficient Detection of τ-Fluvalinate in Taihu Lake. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46635. [PMID: 28485402 PMCID: PMC5423034 DOI: 10.1038/srep46635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers have shown great promise in biological or chemical separations and detection, due to their high stability, selectivity and sensitivity. In this work, fluorescent molecularly imprinted microsphere was synthesized via precipitation polymerization, which could separate efficiently and rapidly detect τ-fluvalinate (a toxic insecticide) in water samples, was reported. The fluorescent imprinted sensor showed excellent stability, outstanding selectivity and the limit of detection low to 12.14 nM, good regeneration ability which still kept good sensitivity after 8 cycling experiments and fluorescence quenching mechanism was illustrated in details. In addition, the fluorescent sensor was further used to detect τ-fluvalinate in real samples from Taihu Lake. Despite the relatively complex components of the environment water, the fluorescent imprinted microspheres sitll showed good recovery, clearly demonstrating the potental value of this smart sensor nanomaterial in environment monitoring.
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Qiu H, Gao L, Wang J, Pan J, Yan Y, Zhang X. A precise and efficient detection of Beta-Cyfluthrin via fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers with ally fluorescein as functional monomer in agricultural products. Food Chem 2017; 217:620-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Recent Advances and Developments in the QuEChERS Method. COMPREHENSIVE ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Cacho J, Nicolás J, Viñas P, Campillo N, Hernández-Córdoba M. Direct sample introduction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of haloanisole compounds in cork stoppers. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1475:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Fed-state gastric media and drug analysis techniques: Current status and points to consider. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:234-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Cacho JI, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils using microvial insert large volume injection gas-chromatography. Food Chem 2016; 200:249-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Armenta S, de la Guardia M. Green chromatography for the analysis of foods of animal origin. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Kile ML, Scott RP, O'Connell SG, Lipscomb S, MacDonald M, McClelland M, Anderson KA. Using silicone wristbands to evaluate preschool children's exposure to flame retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 147:365-72. [PMID: 26945619 PMCID: PMC4821754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Silicone wristbands can be used as passive sampling tools for measuring personal environmental exposure to organic compounds. Due to the lightweight and simple design, the wristband may be a useful technique for measuring children's exposure. In this study, we tested the stability of flame retardant compounds in silicone wristbands and developed an analytical approach for measuring 41 flame retardants in the silicone wristband in order to evaluate exposure to these compounds in preschool-aged children. To evaluate the robustness of using wristbands to measure flame retardants, we evaluated the stability of 3 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (BDEs), and 2 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in wristbands over 84 days and did not find any evidence of significant loss over time at either 4 or -20°C (p>0.16). We recruited a cohort of 92 preschool aged children in Oregon to wear the wristband for 7 days in order to characterize children's acceptance of the technology, and to characterize their exposure to flame retardants. Seventy-seven parents returned the wristbands for analysis of 35 BDEs, 4 OPFRs, and 2 other brominated flame retardants although 5 were excluded from the exposure assessment due to protocol deviations (n=72). A total of 20 compounds were detected above the limit of quantitation, and 11 compounds including 4 OPFRs and 7 BDEs were detected in over 60% of the samples. Children's gender, age, race, recruitment site, and family context were not significantly associated with returning wristbands or compliance with protocols. Comparisons between flame retardant data and socio-demographic information revealed significant differences in total exposures to both ΣBDEs and ΣOPFRs based on age of house, vacuuming frequency, and family context. These results demonstrate that preschool children in Oregon are exposed to BDEs that are no longer being produced in the United States and to OPFRs that have been used as an alternative to polybrominated compounds. Silicone wristbands were well tolerated by young children and were useful for characterizing personal exposure to flame retardants that were not bound to particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Kile
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Richard P Scott
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Steven G O'Connell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Shannon Lipscomb
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Oregon State University Cascades Campus, Bend, OR 97701, United States
| | - Megan MacDonald
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Megan McClelland
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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Comparative Evaluation of QuEChERS Method Coupled to DLLME Extraction for the Analysis of Multiresidue Pesticides in Vegetables and Fruits by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Cacho JI, Campillo N, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using microvial insert thermal desorption for the determination of BTEX in edible oils. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26707b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid analytical procedure for BTEX determination involving minimum sample handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Cacho
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- E-30100 Murcia
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- E-30100 Murcia
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- E-30100 Murcia
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia
- E-30100 Murcia
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20
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Norli HR, Christiansen AL, Stuveseth K. Analysis of non-cleaned QuEChERS extracts for the determination of pesticide residues in fruit, vegetables and cereals by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 33:300-12. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1124292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Rahman MM, Abd El‐Aty A, Shim J. Basic Overview on Gas Chromatography Injectors. ANALYTICAL SEPARATION SCIENCE 2015:807-822. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527678129.assep023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The main purpose of this chapter is to give a basic overview on instrumentation as well as the basics of gas chromatography (
GC
) injectors, and it is mainly devoted to students and beginners in the field of
GC
.
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22
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Lozano A, Kiedrowska B, Scholten J, de Kroon M, de Kok A, Fernández-Alba AR. Miniaturisation and optimisation of the Dutch mini-Luke extraction method for implementation in the routine multi-residue analysis of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Food Chem 2015; 192:668-81. [PMID: 26304397 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the validation and further miniaturisation of the well-known Dutch mini-Luke method for high water and acid content matrices for 175 pesticides amenable to liquid- and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For optimisation of the method, recovery tests with different sample/extraction solvent ratios, varying amounts of dichloromethane and salts were performed with fifty representative pesticides. Solvent consumption could be reduced considerably, especially for the dichloromethane (by a factor of 3). Recovery studies performed with lettuce and orange matrix spiked at 0.005, 0.01 and 0.02 mg/kg yielded average recoveries in the range 70-120% with relative standard deviation values below 20% for almost all the pesticides tested. The linearity over three orders of magnitude was demonstrated (r(2) > 0.99). The matrix effect could be considered as not significant. The limit of quantification was 0.005 mg/kg for 96% of the compounds. The optimised New Dutch mini-Luke ("NL"-) method was applied successfully in routine analysis and the EUPT FV-16 sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lozano
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain; NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Kiedrowska
- NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Scholten
- NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke de Kroon
- NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - André de Kok
- NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Food and Feed, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amadeo R Fernández-Alba
- Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), European Union Reference Laboratory for Pesticide Residues in Fruit & Vegetables, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
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23
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Plassmann MM, Brack W, Krauss M. Extending analysis of environmental pollutants in human urine towards screening for suspected compounds. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1394:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Determination of pharmaceuticals in bivalves using QuEChERS extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:3841-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Wang J, Gao L, Han D, Pan J, Qiu H, Li H, Wei X, Dai J, Yang J, Yao H, Yan Y. Optical detection of λ-cyhalothrin by core-shell fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers in Chinese spirits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2392-2399. [PMID: 25632984 DOI: 10.1021/jf5043823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers (FMIPs), which were for the selective recognition and fluorescence detection of λ-cyhalothrin (LC), were synthesized via fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate (FITC) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS)/SiO2 particles. The SiO2@FITC-APTS@MIPs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-vis spectrophotometer (UV-vis), fluorescence spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-synthesized SiO2@FITC-APTS@MIPs with an imprinted polymer film (thickness was about 100 nm) was demonstrated to be spherically shaped and had good monodispersity, high fluorescence intensity, and good selective recognition. Using fluorescence quenching as the detection tool, the largest fluorescence quenching efficiency (F0/F - 1) of SiO2@FITC-APTS@MIPs is close to 2.5 when the concentration of the LC is 1.0 μM L(-1). In addition, a linear relationship (F0/F - 1= 0.0162C + 0.0272) could be obtained covering a wide concentration range of 0-60 nM L(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9968 described by the Stern-Volmer equation. Moreover, the limit of detection (LOD) of the SiO2@FITC-APTS@MIPs was 9.17 nM L(-1). The experiment results of practical detection revealed that the SiO2@FITC-APTS@MIPs as an attractive recognition element was satisfactory for the determination of LC in Chinese spirits. Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential of SiO2@FITC-APTS@MIPs for the recognition and detection of LC in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and ‡School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
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26
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Rahman MM, Abd El-Aty A, Shim JH. Matrix enhancement effect: A blessing or a curse for gas chromatography?—A review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 801:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Pirsaheb M, Ahmadi-Jouibari T, Fattahi N, Shamsipur M. Determination of Fenvalerate in Tomato by Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Extraction Combined with Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:944-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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28
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Validation of a matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) technique for determination of pesticides in lyophilized eggs of the chicken Gallus gallus domesticus. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Selvi C, Paramasivam M, Rajathi DS, Chandrasekaran S. Multiresidue analysis of organochlorine pesticides in milk, egg and meat by GC-ECD and confirmation by GC-MS. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2012; 89:1051-1056. [PMID: 22911430 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-012-0789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A multiresidue method was developed and optimized for the quantification of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in milk, egg and meat samples. Sample extraction was performed by adopting QuEChERS principle and the extracts were cleaned-up dispersive solid-phase extraction with primary secondary amine after salting out with NaCl and MgSO(4). Analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detector and confirmation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The performance of the method was investigated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, detection limit and quantification limit (LOQ). Good linearity was obtained, with correlation coefficients (r(2)) higher than 0.992. Mean recoveries were found in the ranges 72%-108%, 74%-101% and 75.27%-104.56% for the milk, egg and meat, respectively, RSD % turned out to range from 0.28% to 10.05%. The method developed was successfully tested on commercial milk, egg, and meat samples from the markets of Tamil Nadu (India), proving to be a useful tool in routine analysis of OCPs for monitoring purposes. None of the compounds of interest were observed above their respective LOQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Selvi
- Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, Tamil Nadu, India
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30
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Jeong IS, Kwak BM, Ahn JH, Jeong SH. Determination of pesticide residues in milk using a QuEChERS-based method developed by response surface methodology. Food Chem 2012; 133:473-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Micellar liquid chromatographic determination of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in water, soil, and vegetables. Int J Anal Chem 2012; 2012:809513. [PMID: 22505922 PMCID: PMC3296199 DOI: 10.1155/2012/809513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the determination of carbaryl, a phenyl-N-methylcarbamate, and its main metabolite 1-naphthol, using a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm) with a micellar mobile phase and fluorescence detection at maximum excitation/emission wavelengths of 225/333 nm, respectively. In the optimization step, surfactants sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Brij-35 and N-cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate, and organic solvents propanol, butanol, and pentanol were considered. The selected mobile phase was 0.15 M SDS-6% (v/v)-pentanol-0.01 M NaH2PO4 buffered at pH 3. Validation studies, according to the ICH Tripartite Guideline, included linearity (r > 0.999), limit of detection (5 and 18 ng mL−1, for carbaryl and 1-naphthol, resp.), and limit of quantification (15 and 50 ng mL−1, for carbaryl and 1-naphthol, resp.), with intra- and interday precisions below 1%, and robustness parameters below 3%. The results show that the procedure was adequate for the routine analysis of these two compounds in water, soil, and vegetables samples.
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32
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Selective sample cleanup by immunoaffinity chromatography for determination of fenvalerate in vegetables. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3531-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Ng CI, Zhang X. A quick analytical method using direct solid sample introduction and GC-ECD for pesticide residues analysis in crops. Talanta 2011; 85:1766-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Forsberg ND, Wilson GR, Anderson KA. Determination of parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in high-fat salmon using a modified QuEChERS extraction, dispersive SPE and GC-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:8108-16. [PMID: 21732651 PMCID: PMC3237295 DOI: 10.1021/jf201745a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A fast and easy modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, rugged and safe) extraction method has been developed and validated for determination of 33 parent and substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in high-fat smoked salmon that greatly enhances analyte recovery compared to traditional QuEChERS procedures. Sample processing includes extraction of PAHs into a solution of ethyl acetate, acetone and isooctane followed by cleanup with dispersive SPE and analysis by GC-MS in SIM mode. Method performance was assessed in spike recovery experiments (500 μg/g wet weight) in three commercially available smoked salmon with 3-11% fat. Recoveries of some 2-, 3- and 5-ring PAHs were improved 50-200% over traditional methods, while average recovery across all PAHs was improved 67%. Method precision was good with replicate extractions typically yielding relative standard deviations <10%, and detection limits were in the low ng/g range. With this method, a single analyst could extract and clean up ≥60 samples for PAH analysis in an 8 h work day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kim A. Anderson
- Author of correspondence: Phone: (541) 737-8501; Fax: (541) 737-0497;
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35
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36
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Jiang J, Zhang D, Zhang W, Wang X, Kong Y, Zhang Q, Li P. Preparation, Identification, and Preliminary Application of Monoclonal Antibody Against Pyrethroid Insecticide Fenvalerate. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032711003731464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Diaby M, Kinani S, Genty C, Bouchonnet S, Sablier M, Le Negrate A, El Fassi M. Analysis of the Volatile Organic Matter of Engine Piston Deposits by Direct Sample Introduction Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9764-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901652j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Diaby
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, and PSA Peugeot Citroën, Centre Technique de Vélizy, 78943 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - S. Kinani
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, and PSA Peugeot Citroën, Centre Technique de Vélizy, 78943 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - C. Genty
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, and PSA Peugeot Citroën, Centre Technique de Vélizy, 78943 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - S. Bouchonnet
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, and PSA Peugeot Citroën, Centre Technique de Vélizy, 78943 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - M. Sablier
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, and PSA Peugeot Citroën, Centre Technique de Vélizy, 78943 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - A. Le Negrate
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, and PSA Peugeot Citroën, Centre Technique de Vélizy, 78943 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
| | - M. El Fassi
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France, and PSA Peugeot Citroën, Centre Technique de Vélizy, 78943 Vélizy-Villacoublay Cedex, France
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38
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Ravelo-Pérez LM, Hernández-Borges J, Asensio-Ramos M, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the extraction of pesticides from bananas. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7336-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL, Fernández Moreno JL, Romero-González R. Compensation for matrix effects in gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a single point standard addition. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4798-808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Li Y, Whitaker JS, McCarty CL. New Advances in Large-Volume Injection Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070902956360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Li
- a Underwriters Laboratories Inc. , South Bend, Indiana, USA
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41
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Buonasera K, D’Orazio G, Fanali S, Dugo P, Mondello L. Separation of organophosphorus pesticides by using nano-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3970-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Evaluation of automated direct sample introduction with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the screening analysis of dioxins in fish oil. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1201:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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González-Rodríguez RM, Rial-Otero R, Cancho-Grande B, Simal-Gándara J. Determination of 23 pesticide residues in leafy vegetables using gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry and analyte protectants. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1196-1197:100-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Hoh E, Mastovska K. Large volume injection techniques in capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1186:2-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Amirav A, Gordin A, Poliak M, Fialkov AB. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:141-63. [PMID: 18225851 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) (also named Supersonic GC-MS) is based on GC and MS interface with SMBs and on the electron ionization (EI) of vibrationally cold analytes in the SMBs (cold EI) in a fly-through ion source. This ion source is inherently inert and further characterized by fast response and vacuum background filtration capability. The same ion source offers three modes of ionization including cold EI, classical EI and cluster chemical ionization (CI). Cold EI, as a main mode, provides enhanced molecular ions combined with an effective library sample identification, which is supplemented and complemented by a powerful isotope abundance analysis method and software. The range of low-volatility and thermally labile compounds amenable for analysis is significantly increased owing to the use of the contact-free, fly-through ion source and the ability to lower sample elution temperatures through the use of high column carrier gas flow rates. Effective, fast GC-MS is enabled particularly owing to the possible use of high column flow rates and improved system selectivity in view of the enhancement of the molecular ion. This fast GC-MS with SMB can be further improved via the added selectivity of MS-MS, which by itself benefits from the enhancement of the molecular ion, the most suitable parent ion for MS-MS. Supersonic GC-MS is characterized by low limits of detection (LOD), and its sensitivity is superior to that of standard GC-MS, particularly for samples that are hard for analysis. The GC separation of the Supersonic GC-MS can be improved with pulsed flow modulation (PFM) GC x GC-MS. Electron ionization LC-MS with SMB can also be combined with the Supersonic GC-MS, with fast and easy switching between these two modes of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Amirav
- School of Chemistry, Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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46
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Hernández Borges J, Ravelo-Pérez LM, Hernández-Suárez EM, Carnero A, Rodríguez-Delgado MÁ. Determination of Abamectin Residues in Avocados by Microwave-Assisted Extraction and HPLC with Fluorescence Detection. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Determination of procymidone residues in ginseng by GC–ECD and GC–MS equipped with a solvent-free solid injector. Food Control 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Cunha SC, Lehotay SJ, Mastovska K, Fernandes JO, Beatriz M, Oliveira PP. Evaluation of the QuEChERS sample preparation approach for the analysis of pesticide residues in olives. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:620-32. [PMID: 17444232 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method for extraction and cleanup of 16 pesticide residues of interest in olives and olive oil. These products contain a high lipid content, which can adversely affect pesticide recoveries and harm traditional chromatographic systems. For extraction, the main factors (oil and water content) were studied and optimized in experiments to maximize pesticide recoveries. Dispersive SPE with different sorbents was also investigated to minimize matrix coextractives and interferences. For analysis, a new automated DSI device was tested in GC-MS to avoid nonvolatile coextractives from contaminating the instrument. LC-MS/MS with positive ESI was used for those pesticides that were difficult to detect by GC-MS. The final method was validated for olives in terms of recoveries, repeatabilities, and reproducibilities using both detection techniques. The results demonstrated that the method achieved acceptable quantitative recoveries of 70-109% with RSDs < 20% for DSI-GC-MS and 88-130% with RSDs < 10% for LC-MS/MS, and LOQ at or below the regulatory maximum residue limits for the pesticides were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Cunha
- REQUIMTE/Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Díez C, Traag WA, Zommer P, Marinero P, Atienza J. Comparison of an acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solid-phase extraction” method with classical multi-residue methods for the extraction of herbicide residues in barley samples. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1131:11-23. [PMID: 16904120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An acetonitrile/partitioning extraction and "dispersive solid-phase extraction (SPE)" method that provides high quality results with a minimum number of steps and a low solvent and glassware consumption was published in 2003. This method, suitable for the analysis of multiple classes of pesticide residues in foods, has been given an acronymic name, QuEChERS, that reflects its major advantages (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe). In this work, QuEChERS method, which was originally created for vegetable samples with a high amount of water, was modified to optimise the extraction of a wide range of herbicides in barley. Then, it was compared with known conventional multi-residue extraction procedures such as the Luke method, which was simplified and shortened by eliminating the Florisil clean-up (mini Luke) and the ethyl acetate extraction, which involves a subsequent clean-up by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and which is the official extraction method used by some of European authorities. Finally, a simple acetone extraction was carried out to check the differences with the other three methods. Extracts were analysed by gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mini Luke was significantly more effective for the extraction of non-polar and medium-polar compounds, but the best recoveries for polar compounds were achieved by QuEChERS and ethyl acetate methods. QuEChERS was the only method that provided an overall recovery value of 60-70% for non-, medium- and polar compounds, with some exceptions due to co-eluted matrix interferences. Clean-up by dispersive SPE was effective and did not differ so much with ethyl acetate extracts considering that QuEChERS clean-up step is much easier and less time-consuming. As a conclusion, it resulted to be the most universal extraction method by providing a well-defined phase separation without dilution and achieving acceptable recoveries in average including the extraction of the always difficult acidic herbicides. However, recoveries were not as good as required for validation purposes suggesting that residues are prone to strong matrix interactions in dry samples as barley and further method adaptation incrementing solvent strength, extraction time or more acidic or basic conditions is needed in order to achieve a complete extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Díez
- Laboratory of Physic-Chemical Analysis, ITACyL, Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Ctra. Burgos, km.119, 47071 Valladolid, Spain.
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Poliak M, Kochman M, Gordin A, Amirav A. A Comparison of SnifProbe and SPME for Aroma Sampling. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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