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Rubio LA, Aranda-Olmedo I, Martín-Pedrosa M. Inclusion of Limited Amounts of Extruded Legumes Plus Cereal Mixes in Normocaloric or Obesogenic Diets for Rats: Effects on Lipid Profile. Foods 2020; 9:E704. [PMID: 32492801 PMCID: PMC7353632 DOI: 10.3390/foods9060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are regarded as world epidemics and are major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Two new highly palatable extruded mixes based on rice and pea (Pisum sativum) or kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meals were incorporated into normocaloric or obesogenic diets for rats at a low inclusion level (25%). Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of dietary incorporation of this new food ingredient on lipid profile. Organs (heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, small intestine, colon, cecum) and visceral fat relative weights were different (p < 0.01) from controls for animals fed the obesogenic diets and in rats fed extruded diets with respect to controls. Faecal excretion of bile acids was higher (p < 0.01) for rats fed extruded mixes compared with controls. The inclusion of extruded mixes replacing part of the casein in the control diet lowered liver cholesterol and triglycerides (p < 0.001) and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.01) values, although plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was unaltered. Both the inclusion of extruded mixes and the use of obesogenic diets resulted in significantly (p < 0.001) different long chain fatty acid (LCFA) profiles in liver and visceral fat. Incorporating extruded legume plus cereal mixes beneficially influenced lipid metabolism, and would therefore deserve closer attention in human intervention studies, particularly with adolescents. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the nutritional and physiological effects of extruded legume plus cereal mixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Rubio
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ, CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
| | - Isabel Aranda-Olmedo
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Animal Nutrition, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ, CSIC), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain;
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Ferreira ES, Amaral ALS, Demonte A, Zanelli CF, Capraro J, Duranti M, Neves VA. Hypocholesterolaemic effect of rat-administered oral doses of the isolated 7S globulins from cowpeas and adzuki beans. J Nutr Sci 2015; 4:e7. [PMID: 26090103 PMCID: PMC4463012 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of seed proteins, especially soyabean 7S globulins, in controlling dyslipidaemia is widely acknowledged. Amino acid sequence homology among the proteins of this family could reflect similar biological functions in other species. The aim of the present study was to unveil a hypolipidaemic effect of the 7S globulins from cowpeas (7S-C) and adzuki beans (7S-A), administered orally to rats fed a hypercholesterolaemic (HC; high cholesterol and TAG) diet for 28 d. A total of forty-five rats were divided into five groups (nine rats per group): (1) standard (STD) diet; (2) HC diet; (3) HC diet + 7S-C (300 mg/kg per d); (4) HC diet + 7S-A (300 mg/kg per d); and (5) HC diet + simvastatin (SVT; 50 mg/kg per d), as a control. Significant decreases in food intake and final body weight of rats receiving HC + 7S-C and HC + 7S-A diets compared with groups fed the HC and STD diets were observed. Significant decreases in serum total and non-HDL-cholesterol of 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups were also observed. HDL-cholesterol levels increased in the 7S-C, 7S-A and SVT groups, while hepatic cholesterol and TAG concentrations were significantly lower than in the HC diet group for the 7S-C-supplemented group only. Faecal excretions of fat and cholesterol in HC diet groups were considerably higher in animals consuming the 7S globulins. The results show that cowpea and adzuki bean 7S globulins promote cholesterol-decreasing effects in hypercholesterolaemic rats even at low dosages, as already observed for other legume seed storage proteins of this family. This main effect is discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederlan S. Ferreira
- Department of Bromatological Analysis,
School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia,
Barão de Jeremoabo Road, 147, 40170-115,
Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia S. Amaral
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Aureluce Demonte
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleslei F. Zanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University,
Rodovia Araraquara – Jaú, km 1,
14801-902, Araraquara,
SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Capraro
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Duranti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional
Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di
Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2,
20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valdir A. Neves
- Department of Food and Nutrition,
São Paulo State University, Rodovia Araraquara –
Jaú, km 1, 14801-902,
Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Olivera-Castillo L, Davalos A, Grant G, Valadez-Gonzalez N, Montero J, Barrera-Perez HAM, Chim-Chi Y, Olvera-Novoa MA, Ceja-Moreno V, Acereto-Escoffie P, Rubio-Piña J, Rodriguez-Canul R. Diets containing sea cucumber (Isostichopus badionotus) meals are hypocholesterolemic in young rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79446. [PMID: 24260223 PMCID: PMC3834158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumber is widely consumed as a putative functional food. It contains many biologically-active substances, but only limited research on its properties in vivo has been done. The effects of different meals containing Isostichopus badionotus, a sea cucumber from southeast Mexico, on growth performance and body lipid profile in young rats were analyzed. Sea cucumber body wall was either lyophilized, cooked (100 °C, 1 h in water) and lyophilized, or oven-dried (70 °C for 12 h). It was then ground and incorporated into cholesterol-containing diets. I. badionotus meals supported growth and improved lipid profile in rats. In particular, serum cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, triglycerides concentration and atherogenic index values were greatly reduced by some I. badionotus containing diets. Liver total lipids, triglycerides and cholesterol were also reduced. Cooking or heat-treatment of the meals lowered but did not abolish their hypolipidemic potency. Gene expression analysis of several key genes involved in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in liver showed that diets containing I. badionotus repressed the induction of key genes associated with dyslipidemia exerted by cholesterol supplementation. Consumption of I. badionotus from the Yucatan Peninsula is beneficial for dyslipidemia, although biological effect is clearly dependent on preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Olivera-Castillo
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Unidad Merida, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados - Alimentación, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universidad Autonoma de Madrid+Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Madrid, Spain
| | - George Grant
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Nina Valadez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Jorge Montero
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Unidad Merida, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | - Yasser Chim-Chi
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Unidad Merida, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Olvera-Novoa
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Unidad Merida, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Víctor Ceja-Moreno
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Unidad Merida, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Pablo Acereto-Escoffie
- Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Jorge Rubio-Piña
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Unidad Merida, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodriguez-Canul
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudio Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional - Unidad Merida, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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. EU, . KHE. The Effects of Dietary Raw and Heat-Treated Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on Growth and Intestinal Histomorphometry of Pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.74.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ota Y, Hasumura M, Okamura M, Takahashi A, Ueda M, Onodera H, Imai T, Mitsumori K, Hirose M. Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of dietary administered ammonium sulfate in F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:17-27. [PMID: 16024153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Revised: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of ammonium sulfate, used as a food additive in fermentation, were performed in male and female Fisher 344 rats at dietary concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.6% and 3.0% in a 52-week toxicity study and 0%, 1.5% and 3.0% in a 104-week carcinogenicity study. Treatment with ammonium sulfate caused significant increase in kidney and/or liver weights in males and females of the 3.0% diet group, but no effects were found on survival rate, body weights, and hematological, serum biochemical or histopathological parameters at any dose levels in the chronic toxicity study. Regarding carcinogenicity, ammonium sulfate did not exert any significant influence on the incidences of tumors in any of the organs and tissues examined. It was concluded that the no observed adverse effect level of ammonium sulfate was the 0.6% diet, which is equivalent to 256 and 284 mg/kg b.w./day in males and females, respectively, and the compound is non-carcinogenic under the conditions of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ota
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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