1
|
Chen X, Li G, Yue X, Peng C, Wang J. Ratiometric fluorescent detection of carbendazim in foods based on metallic nanoclusters self-assembled nanocomplex. Food Chem 2023; 424:136478. [PMID: 37267653 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indicator replacement assay combining with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect has attractive performance in sensing small molecules, however, there wasn't application in pesticide molecule sensing reported so far. In this work, we prepared a nanocomplex (NCP), AuAgNCs-CD, through self-assembly of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) and carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) by one-step method. The emission of AuNCs was significantly enhance. It was found that FRET between the AuAgNCs-CD and rhodamine B (RhB) existed after AuAgNCs-CD combined with RhB. And carbendazim (CBZ) could induce anti-FRET effect through competing with RhB and binding to AuAgNCs-CD. Thus, this phenomenon was utilized to develop a ratiometric fluorescent detection of CBA. This method was applied in food sample detection and reliable results were obtained. Due to high sensitivity, rapidness and good selectivity, this ratiometric fluorescent method was expected to hold high application potential in monitoring CBZ in foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiujin Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China.
| | - Guowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chifang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xinluo Road 2749, Jinan, Shandong 250101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Makuch-Kocka A, Andres-Mach M, Zagaja M, Śmiech A, Pizoń M, Flieger J, Cielecka-Piontek J, Plech T. Effect of Chronic Administration of 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-Hexyl-2,4 -Dihydro-3 H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thione (TP-315)-A New Anticonvulsant Drug Candidate-On Living Organisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073358. [PMID: 33805962 PMCID: PMC8037910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 70 million people suffer from epilepsy—a chronic neurodegenerative disease. In most cases, the cause of the disease is unknown, but epilepsy can also develop as the result of a stroke, trauma to the brain, or the use of psychotropic substances. The treatment of epilepsy is mainly based on the administration of anticonvulsants, which the patient must most often use throughout their life. Despite significant progress in research on antiepileptic drugs, about 30% of patients still have drug-resistant epilepsy, which is insensitive to pharmacotherapy used so far. In our recent studies, we have shown that 4-alkyl-5-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones act on the voltage-gated sodium channels and exhibit anticonvulsant activity in an MES (maximal electroshock-induced seizure) and 6Hz test in mice. Previous studies have shown their beneficial toxic and pharmacological profile, but their effect on a living organism during chronic use is still unknown. In the presented study, on the basis of the previously conducted tests and the PAMPA (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay) BBB (blood–brain barrier) test, we selected one 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivative—TP-315—for further studies aimed at assessing the impact of its chronic use on a living organism. After long-term administration of TP-315 to Albino Swiss mice, its effect on the functional parameters of internal organs was assessed by performing biochemical, morphological, and histopathological examinations. It was also determined whether the tested compound inhibits selected isoforms of the CYP450 enzyme system. On the basis of the conducted tests, it was found that TP-315 does not show nephrotoxic nor hepatotoxic effects and does not cause changes in hematological parameters. In vitro tests showed that TP-315 did not inhibit CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, or CYP3A5 enzymes at the concentration found in the serum of mice subjected to long-term exposure to this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makuch-Kocka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.A.-M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (M.A.-M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Anna Śmiech
- Sub-Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Department and Clinic of Animal Internal Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Pizoń
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-781 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang SY, Shi XC, Liu FQ, Laborda P. Chromatographic Methods for Detection and Quantification of Carbendazim in Food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:11880-11894. [PMID: 33059442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbendazim (CBZ), which is a fungicide widely used for the management of plant diseases, has been detected in a number of food products. The negative effects of CBZ to human health have stimulated the reduction of the maximum residue limits (MRLs), and subsequently the development of reliable and sensitive detection methods. Here, we are reviewing for the first time all reported chromatographic methods for the detection and quantification of CBZ in food. Several techniques, including liquid chromatography (LC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), were used for the separation and detection of CBZ, showing diverse characteristics and sensitivity. Some methods allowed the specific determination of CBZ, whereas other methods were successfully applied for the simultaneous quantification of a huge number of pesticides. Most reported methods showed limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) lower than the MRLs. Relevant efforts in the field have been directed toward the simplification and optimization of the extraction steps prior to the chromatographic separation to increase the recovery and reduce the matrix effects. In this Review, the matrices, extraction procedures, and separation and detection parameters are detailed and compared in order to provide new insights on the development of new reliable methods for the detection of CBZ in food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Quan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 226019, People's Republic of China
| | - Pedro Laborda
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ezzariai A, Riboul D, Lacroix MZ, Barret M, El Fels L, Merlina G, Bousquet-Melou A, Patureau D, Pinelli E, Hafidi M. A pressurized liquid extraction approach followed by standard addition method and UPLC-MS/MS for a fast multiclass determination of antibiotics in a complex matrix. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:893-902. [PMID: 30119021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work a fast analytical method for the determination of macrolides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones in a compost originating from a mixture of sewage sludge, palm waste and grass was developed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/MS). Antibiotics were extracted from compost by using the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The chromatographic separation was carried out on a T3 Cortecs C18 column using a mobile phase gradient mixture of water acidified with 1% of formic acid and acetonitrile. Recoveries of 24-30%, 53-93%, 33-57%, 69-135% and 100-171% were obtained for roxithromycin (ROX), chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), respectively. As the most part of antibiotics showed significant matrix effect (ME), the method was validated using the standard addition method (SAM) to correct the observed ME. Instrumental variation, of LC/MS system, showed that 93.75% of the relative standard deviation (RSD %) are below 15%, although the organic load of extracts. This analytical method was applied to assess the fate of antibiotics during composting. Two composting experiments were conducted separately after spiking sludge at 2 different concentrations levels. The resulting elimination rates were of 52-76, 69-100, 100 and 24-50% for ROX, CTC, OTC and CIP, respectively. These results suggest that composting process contributes to the removal of residuals concentrations of macrolides and tetracyclines while the fluoroquinolones persist in the final compost product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amine Ezzariai
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - David Riboul
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Marlène Z Lacroix
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco
| | - Maialen Barret
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Loubna El Fels
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Marrakech-Safi, Morocco
| | - Georges Merlina
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | - Eric Pinelli
- EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mohamed Hafidi
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Environnement (Unité associée au CNRST, URAC 32), Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 2390 Marrakech, Morocco; Agrobiosciences & Fertlizers Program, University Mohammed IV Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Omote M, Harayama K, Sasaki T, Mochizuki N, Yamashita H. Analysis of Simultaneous Screening for 277 Pesticides in Malt and Beer by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-64-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Omote
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - K. Harayama
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T. Sasaki
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - N. Mochizuki
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H. Yamashita
- Analytical Technology Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kobayashi M, Sakai N, Kamijo K, Koike H, Nemoto S, Shindo T. Determination of Formetanate Hydrochloride in Agricultural Products by LC-MS/MS. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2017; 58:221-228. [PMID: 29081458 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.58.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on LC-MS/MS was developed for the determination of formetanate hydrochloride in agricultural products. Formetanate hydrochloride was confirmed to be stable in acetonitrile. It was therefore extracted from samples with acetonitrile, and the crude extracts were purified using a combination of ethylenediamine-N-propyl silylation silica gel and graphite carbon mini columns. Formetanate hydrochloride in the resulting sample solutions was quantified by LC-MS/MS utilizing an external solvent calibration curve. The average recovery (n=5) of formetanate hydrochloride spiked in 10 types of agricultural products (brown rice, soybean, spinach, cabbage, potato, apple, orange, lime, nectarine and green tea) at the maximum residue limits (MRLs) or at a uniform limit of 0.01 mg/kg was 92.3-103%, with a relative standard deviation of 1.3-5.4%. The limit of quantitation of the developed method was calculated to be 0.01 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoko Sakai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raina-Fulton R, Dunn N, Xie Z. Pesticides and Their Degradation Products Including Metabolites: Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Methods. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
9
|
García-Fernández M, Díaz-Álvarez M, Martín-Esteban A. Molecularly imprinted magnetic nanoparticles for the micro solid-phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus samples. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2638-2644. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Hu SW, Chen S. A Multipurpose Lignin-based Adsorbent for Metallic Ions, Nanoparticles and Various Organophosphate Pesticides in Hexane. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
XIE DD, HAN RY, SHEN JC, XIAO CG, ZHENG ZK, WANG ZW. Determination of Trace Carbaryl in Water Using Europium-Diallyl Phthalate as Fluorescent Probe. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
13
|
Square wave voltammetric determination of methiocarb insecticide based on multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-013-0526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
14
|
Hollosi L, Mittendorf K, Senyuva HZ. Coupled Turbulent Flow Chromatography: LC–MS/MS Method for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Grapes, Baby Food and Wheat Flour Matrices. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2329-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Liu Y, Shi XW, Liu EH, Sheng LS, Qi LW, Li P. More accurate matrix-matched quantification using standard superposition method for herbal medicines. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1254:43-50. [PMID: 22835696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Various analytical technologies have been developed for quantitative determination of marker compounds in herbal medicines (HMs). One important issue is matrix effects that must be addressed in method validation for different detections. Unlike biological fluids, blank matrix samples for calibration are usually unavailable for HMs. In this work, practical approaches for minimizing matrix effects in HMs analysis were proposed. The matrix effects in quantitative analysis of five saponins from Panax notoginseng were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Matrix components were found to interfere with the ionization of target analytes when mass spectrometry (MS) detection were employed. To compensate the matrix signal suppression/enhancement, two matrix-matched methods, standard addition method with the target-knockout extract and standard superposition method with a HM extract were developed and tested in this work. The results showed that the standard superposition method is simple and practical for overcoming matrix effects for quantitative analysis of HMs. Moreover, the interference components were observed to interfere with light scattering of target analytes when evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was utilized for quantitative analysis of HMs but was not indicated when Ultraviolet detection (UV) were employed. Thus, the issue of interference effects should be addressed and minimized for quantitative HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-MS methodologies for quality control of HMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines-China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fluorimetric determination of thiabendazole residues in mushrooms using sequential injection analysis. Talanta 2012; 96:190-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Barahona F, Turiel E, Martín-Esteban A. Molecularly imprinted polymer grafted to porous polyethylene frits: A new selective solid-phase extraction format. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7065-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Validation of Two Variations of the QuEChERS Method for the Determination of Multiclass Pesticide Residues in Cereal-Based Infant Foods by LC–MS/MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-011-9296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
19
|
Kmellár B, Pareja L, Ferrer C, Fodor P, Fernández-Alba AR. Study of the effects of operational parameters on multiresidue pesticide analysis by LC–MS/MS. Talanta 2011; 84:262-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Barahona F, Turiel E, Cormack PAG, Martín-Esteban A. Synthesis of core-shell molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres by precipitation polymerization for the inline molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction of thiabendazole from citrus fruits and orange juice samples. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:217-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
21
|
Dreassi E, Zanfini A, Zizzari AT, La Rosa C, Botta M, Corbini G. Lc/Esi/Ms/Ms determination of postharvest fungicide residues in citrus juices. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
22
|
Buonasera K, D’Orazio G, Fanali S, Dugo P, Mondello L. Separation of organophosphorus pesticides by using nano-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:3970-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Wang J, Leung D. Applications of ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry on analysis of 138 pesticides in fruit- and vegetable-based infant foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2162-2173. [PMID: 19216550 DOI: 10.1021/jf803419j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The applications of ultra-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC QqTOF) in the determination of 138 pesticides in fruit- and vegetable-based infant foods were investigated. Pesticides were extracted from infant foods using a procedure known as the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method. UPLC QqTOF MS full-scan with a relatively high sensitivity proved to be an ideal tool for screening of a large number of pesticides in a single analysis. UPLC QqTOF MS/MS provided product ion spectra that allowed for unequivocal confirmation of pesticides. Quantification was achieved using matrix-matched standard calibration curves with isotopically labeled standards or a chemical analogue as internal standards. The method performance parameters that included overall recovery, intermediate precision, and measurement uncertainty were evaluated according to a designed experiment, that is, the nested design. Generally, about 90% of the pesticides studied had recoveries between 81 and 110%, 90% had intermediate precision of <or=25%, and 85% had measurement uncertainty of <or=50%. Compared to LC-ESI-MS/MS, UPLC QqTOF MS showed a relatively poor repeatability and large measurement uncertainty for quantification. In general, UPLC QqTOF can be used for screening, quantifying, and confirming pesticides in infant foods at 10 microg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J. Analysis of macrolide antibiotics, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, in food, biological and environmental matrices. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2009; 28:50-92. [PMID: 18785191 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Macrolides are a group of antibiotics that have been widely used in human medical and veterinary practices. Analysis of macrolides and related compounds in food, biological, and environmental matrices continue to be the focus of scientists for the reasons of food safety, pharmacokinetic studies, and environmental concerns. This article presents an overview on the primary biological properties of macrolides and their associated analytical issues, including extraction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), method validation, and measurement uncertainty. The main techniques that have been used to extract macrolides from various matrices are solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. Conventional liquid chromatography (LC) with C18 columns plays a dominant role for the determination of macrolides, whereas ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) along with sub-2 microm particle C18 columns reduces run time and improves sensitivity. Mass spectrometry (MS), serving as a universal detection technique, has replaced ultraviolet (UV), fluorometric, and electrochemical detection for multi-macrolide analysis. The triple-quadrupole (QqQ), quadrupole ion trap (QIT), triple-quadrupole linear ion trap, time-of-flight (TOF), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) mass spectrometers are current choices for the determination of macrolides, including quantification, confirmation, identification of their degradation products or metabolites, and structural elucidation. LC or UPLC coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode (LC/MS/MS) is the first choice for quantification. UPLC-TOF or UPLC-QqTOF has been recognized as an emerging technique for accurate mass measurement and unequivocal identification of macrolides and their related compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, 3650-36th Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2L 2L1.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dömötörová M, Matisová E. Fast gas chromatography for pesticide residues analysis. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1207:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Jecklin MC, Gamez G, Touboul D, Zenobi R. Atmospheric pressure glow discharge desorption mass spectrometry for rapid screening of pesticides in food. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:2791-2798. [PMID: 18697232 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Flowing afterglow atmospheric pressure glow discharge tandem mass spectrometry (APGD-MS/MS) is used for the analysis of trace amounts of pesticides in fruit juices and on fruit peel. The APGD source was rebuilt after Andrade et al. (Andrade et al., Anal. Chem. 2008; 80: 2646-2653; 2654-2663) and mounted onto a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Apple, cranberry, grape and orange juices as well as fruit peel and salad leaves were spiked with aqueous solutions containing trace amounts of the pesticides alachlor, atrazine, carbendazim, carbofuran, dinoseb, isoproturon, metolachlor, metolcarb, propoxur and simazine. Best limits of determination (LODs) of pesticides in the fruit juices were achieved for metolcarb (1 microg/L in apple juice), carbofuran and dinoseb (2 microg/L in apple juice); for the analysis of apple skin best LODs were 10 pg/cm(2) of atrazine, metolcarb and propoxur which corresponds to an estimated concentration of 0.01 microg/kg apple, taking into account the surface area and the weight of the apple. The measured LODs were within or below the allowed maximum residue levels (MRLs) decreed by the European Union (1-500 microg/kg for pesticides in fruit juice and 0.01-5 microg/kg for apple skin). No sample pretreatment (extraction, pre-concentration, chromatographic separation) was necessary to analyze these pesticides by direct desorption/ionization using APGD-MS and to identify them using MS/MS. This makes APGD-MS a powerful high-throughput tool for the investigation of very low amounts of pesticides in fruit juices and on fruit peel/vegetable skin.
Collapse
|
27
|
Soler C, Mañes J, Picó Y. The Role of the Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Pesticide Residue Determination in Food. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340801922250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
28
|
Mottier P, Hammel YA, Gremaud E, Guy PA. Quantitative high-throughput analysis of 16 (fluoro)quinolones in honey using automated extraction by turbulent flow chromatography coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:35-43. [PMID: 18078314 DOI: 10.1021/jf072934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A method making use of turbulent flow chromatography automated online extraction with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was developed for the analysis of 4 quinolones and 12 fluoroquinolones in honey. The manual sample preparation was limited to a simple dilution of the honey test portion in water followed by a filtration. The extract was online purified on a large particle size extraction column where the sample matrix was washed away while the analytes were retained. Subsequently, the analytes were eluted from the extraction column onto an analytical column by means of an organic solvent prior to chromatographic separation and MS detection. Validation was performed at three fortification levels (i.e., 5, 20, and 50 microg/kg) in three different honeys (acacia, multiflower, and forest) using the single-point calibration procedure by means of either a 10 or 25 microg/kg calibrant. Good recovery (85-127%, median 101%) as well as within-day (2-18%, median 6%) and between-day (2-42%, median 9%) precision values was obtained whatever the level of fortification and the analyte surveyed. Due to the complexity of the honey matrix and the large variation of the MS/MS transition reaction signals, which were honey-dependent, the limit of quantification for all compounds was arbitrarily set at the lowest fortification level considered during the validation, e.g., 5 microg/kg. This method has been successfully applied in a minisurvey of 34 honeys, showing ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin as the main (fluoro)quinolone antibiotics administered to treat bacterial diseases of bees. Turbulent flow chromatography coupled to LC-MS/MS showed a strong potential as an alternative method compared to those making use of offline sample preparation, in terms of both increasing the analysis throughput and obtaining higher reproducibility linked to automation to ensure the absence of contaminants in honey samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Mottier
- Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hercegová A, Dömötörová M, Matisová E. Sample preparation methods in the analysis of pesticide residues in baby food with subsequent chromatographic determination. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1153:54-73. [PMID: 17258222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely utilized at various stages of cultivation and during postharvest storage to protect plants against a range of pests and/or to provide quality preservation. Reliable confirmatory methods are required to monitor pesticide residues in baby foods and to ensure the safety of baby food supply. This review covers methods in which pesticide residues have been determined in baby food by the use of a wide range of chromatographic techniques after various sample preparation steps. The main attention is paid to the evaluation and improvement of sample extraction and clean-up methods (liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive SPE (DSPE), microextraction procedures, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)) considering low concentration levels of pesticide residues in baby food resulting from stringent European Union (EU) legislation. Instrumental aspects together with the matrix effects significantly contributing to the most important parameters considered in pesticide residues analysis of baby food--limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were included within the scope of this overview. Paper involves also monitoring studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hercegová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lambropoulou DA, Albanis TA. Methods of sample preparation for determination of pesticide residues in food matrices by chromatography-mass spectrometry-based techniques: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 389:1663-83. [PMID: 17541563 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in pesticide analysis over the past decade, during which time hyphenated techniques involving highly efficient separation and sensitive detection have become the techniques of choice. Among these, methods based on chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection have resulted in greater likelihood of identification and are acknowledged to be extremely useful and authoritative methods for determination of pesticide residues. Even with such powerful instrumental techniques, however, the risk of interference increases with the complexity of the matrix studied, so sample preparation before instrumental analysis is still mandatory in many applications, for example food analysis. This article summarizes the analytical characteristics of the different methods of sample-preparation for determination of pesticide residues in a variety of food matrices, and surveys their recent applications in combination with chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis. We discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of the different methods, address instrumental aspects, and summarize conclusions and perspectives for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gilbert-López B, García-Reyes JF, Ortega-Barrales P, Molina-Díaz A, Fernández-Alba AR. Analyses of pesticide residues in fruit-based baby food by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2059-71. [PMID: 17551990 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-TOFMS) method has been developed for the determination of 12 pesticides (namely, carbendazim, thiabendazole, imazalil, tridemorph, triadimefon, bitertanol, prochloraz, flutriafol, myclobutanil, iprodione, diphenylamine and procymidone) in fruit-based baby food (multi-fruit jars and juices intended for infant consumption). The developed method consists of a sample treatment step based on liquid-liquid extraction using acetonitrile, followed by a clean-up step based on dispersive solid-phase extraction (SPE) with a primary-secondary amine (PSA). Multi-fruit and apple juices were processed by a SPE procedure using Oasis HLB cartridges. Subsequent identification and quantitation was accomplished by LC/ESI-TOFMS analysis: the confirmation of the target pesticides was based on accurate mass measurements of selected ions (protonated molecules ([M+H]+) and fragment ions). Confirmation studies were accomplished at low concentration levels (10 microg kg-1) and accuracy errors lower than 2 ppm were obtained in most cases. Baby food extracts spiked at 10 microg kg-1 fortification level yielded average recoveries in the range 78-105% with relative standard deviations less than 10% for most of the analytes. Limits of detection (LODs) were between 0.1 and 4 microg kg-1 depending on the pesticide studied. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a total of 33 baby food samples from Spain and the United Kingdom. Although imazalil, thiabendazole and carbendazim were detected in a high number--over 60%- of baby food samples, none of the samples tested were found to be above the 0.01 mg kg-1 EU standard.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ferrer I, Thurman EM, Zweigenbaum JA. Screening and confirmation of 100 pesticides in food samples by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:3869-3882. [PMID: 17979221 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method for screening, quantitation and confirmation of a group of 100 pesticides in vegetable and fruit samples was developed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The pesticides studied belonged to different chemical families of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides; some degradation products were included as well. A thorough optimization was performed for each analyte to achieve individual optimum fragmentor and collision energy voltages. Two transitions per parent compound were monitored in a single chromatographic run containing two time segments. A small particle size C(18) column (1.8 microm) was used for the chromatographic separation of the mixture, providing very narrow peaks and allowing an excellent separation of all the analytes in a 30-min period for maximum peak capacity. The method was validated with blank matrices of green pepper, tomato and orange spiked from 0.1 to 100 microg/kg with the pesticide mix. Quantitation was carried out using matrix-matched standard calibration and linearity of response over 3 orders of magnitude was demonstrated (r > 0.99). Limits of detection based on two transitions and ion-ratio requirements ranged between 0.3 and 50 microg/kg. In general, the sensitivity obtained meets the maximum residue levels (MRLs) established by the European Union regulation for food monitoring programs. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated for different types of vegetables and fruits, showing little or no matrix effects, and examples of screening and confirmation of pesticides in these samples are shown here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imma Ferrer
- Pesticide Residue Research Group, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Picó Y, Font G, Ruiz MJ, Fernández M. Control of pesticide residues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to ensure food safety. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:917-60. [PMID: 16788925 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become an invaluable technique for the control of pesticide residues to ensure food safety. After an introduction about the regulations that highlights its importance to meet the official requirements on analytical performance, the different mass spectrometers used in this field of research, as well as the LC-MS interfaces and the difficulties associated with quantitative LC-MS determination, are discussed. The ability to use practical data for quantifying pesticides together with the option of obtaining structural information to identify target and non-target parent compounds and metabolites are discussed. Special attention is paid to the impact of sample preparation and chromatography on the ionization efficiency of pesticides from food. The last section is devoted to applications from a food safety point of view. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Picó
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Alder L, Greulich K, Kempe G, Vieth B. Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS? MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:838-65. [PMID: 16755599 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This overview evaluates the capabilities of mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for the determination of a multitude of pesticides. The selection of pesticides for this assessment is based on the status of production, the existence of regulations on maximum residue levels in food, and the frequency of residue detection. GC-MS with electron impact (EI) ionization and the combination of LC with tandem mass spectrometers (LC-MS/MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI) are identified as techniques most often applied in multi-residue methods for pesticides at present. Therefore, applicability and sensitivity obtained with GC-EI-MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS is individually compared for each of the selected pesticides. Only for one substance class only, the organochlorine pesticides, GC-MS achieves better performance. For all other classes of pesticides, the assessment shows a wider scope and better sensitivity if detection is based on LC-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Alder
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Residue Analysis Unit, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rawn DFK, Roscoe V, Trelka R, Hanson C, Krakalovich T, Dabeka RW. N-methyl carbamate pesticide residues in conventional and organic infant foods available on the Canadian retail market, 2001–03. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:651-9. [PMID: 16751141 DOI: 10.1080/02652030600675759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Seven parent N-methyl carbamate insecticides, in addition to two transformation products of aldicarb (aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone), and a single transformation product of carbofuran (3-hydroxycarbofuran) were measured in infant and junior foods available on the Canadian retail market between 2001 and 2003. Carbaryl and methomyl were the only analytes present at levels above the limits of detection in juice, cereals, fruit, vegetables or meat samples analysed. Carbaryl was the most frequently (7.6%) detected compound and concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 18 ng g-1. Detectable levels of carbaryl were most frequently found in foods prepared with fruit. Methomyl was detected (0.8 ng g-1) in one chicken with broth sample analysed in the present study. In all cases, the concentrations observed were orders of magnitude below the maximum residue limits established for these compounds in the corresponding raw food commodities in Canada (100-10 000 ng g-1). Dietary intakes of carbaryl and methomyl based on the consumption of infant foods tested ranged between 0.2-343 and 0.4-2.0 ng kg-1 body weight day-1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D F K Rawn
- Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Address Locator: 2203D, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Leandro CC, Hancock P, Fussell RJ, Keely BJ. Comparison of ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of priority pesticides in baby foods by tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1103:94-101. [PMID: 16321395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 10/12/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Determination of 16 priority pesticides and transformation products specified in the EU Baby Food Directive 2003/13/EC has been compared using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Prior to analysis, co-extractives were removed from acetonitrile extracts using dispersive solid-phase extraction (SPE) with primary secondary amine (50 mg). Extracts spiked with pesticides at 1 microg kg(-1) yielded average recoveries in the range 85-119%, with relative standard deviations less than 17%. The HPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS multi-residue methods developed are simple, rapid and suitable for the quantification and confirmation of the 16 priority pesticides in fruit-, potato- and cereal-based baby food at 1 microg kg(-1). The major advantages of UPLC, using 1.7 microm particles, over HPLC are the speed of analysis, the narrower peaks (giving increased signal-to-noise ratio) and improved confirmation for the targeted pesticides in the analyses of baby foods.
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu M, Hashi Y, Song Y, Lin JM. Simultaneous determination of carbamate and organophosphorus pesticides in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1097:183-7. [PMID: 16257002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 10/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was established for the purpose of simultaneous determination of carbamate and organophosphorus (OPPs) pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile; and then prepared by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE) with primary secondary amine (PSA) as the sorbent. Four common representative samples (tomato, apple, carrot, and cabbage) were selected from the supermarket to investigate the effect of different matrices on pesticides recoveries and assay precision after spiking samples with 0.05 mg/kg. Matrix composition did not interfere significantly with the determination of the pesticides. The obtained recoveries were, with a few exceptions, in the range of 70-110% with RSDs less than 8%. It was applied to pesticide residue monitoring in vegetables and fruits from local markets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Turiel E, Tadeo JL, Cormack PAG, Martin-Esteban A. HPLC imprinted-stationary phase prepared by precipitation polymerisation for the determination of thiabendazole in fruit. Analyst 2005; 130:1601-7. [PMID: 16284658 DOI: 10.1039/b511031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) tailored for the HPLC determination of the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) has been synthesised in one single preparative step by precipitation polymerisation in an acetonitrile/toluene co-solvent, using TBZ as template molecule, methacrylic acid as functional monomer and divinylbenzene-80 as crosslinker. The imprinted polymer particulates obtained were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption porosimetry. These analyses showed clearly that spherical polymer particulates (polymer microspheres) with narrow size distributions (average particle diameter approximately 3.5 microm) and well-developed pore structures had been produced. The imprinted microspheres were packed into a stainless steel HPLC column (50 x 4.6 mm id) and evaluated as an imprinted stationary phase. The imprinting effect was demonstrated clearly, i.e., the column was observed to bind TBZ selectively, and the effect of different chromatographic parameters (e.g., temperature, flow-rate and elution solvents) on TBZ retention/elution studied. Under optimised conditions, the TBZ-imprinted column was used for the HPLC-fluorescence (HPLC-F) determination of TBZ directly from orange (both whole fruit and juice), lemon, grape and strawberry extracts at low concentration levels in less than 15 min, without any need for a clean-up step in the analytical protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Turiel
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, INIA, Carretera de A Coruña km 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|