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Liu X, Beaudoin G, Zhang H, Esquivel Guzmán JA, Le Roux É, Pellerin C, Rivera E, Lavertu M, Zhu XX. Chlorophyllin-Containing Copolymers and Their Responsive Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:124-130. [PMID: 38109902 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Copper-chlorophyllin is a water-soluble derivative of chlorophylls and shows low cytotoxicity and antimutagenic properties in cultured cells. It has multiple applications, including its use as a photosensitizer in photothermal therapy because of its green light-activated photothermal performance. In this work, it was copolymerized with a poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylic monomer to yield random copolymers by free radical polymerization, which showed dual temperature- and pH-dependent phase transitions in aqueous solutions. The cloud points of the copolymer solutions were raised by lowering the pH of the aqueous solutions due to the protonation of the carboxylic groups on the chlorophyllin moieties, which decreased the overall hydrophilicity of the polymers. At low pH values, complete protonation of the carboxylic acid groups of the chlorophyllin moieties led to an irreversible aggregation of the copolymers in water. The incorporation of chlorophyllin in the copolymer improved its stability over its single molecular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Liu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Hu Zhang
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jair A Esquivel Guzmán
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Élise Le Roux
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Christian Pellerin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Département de Génie Chimique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Xiao Xia Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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Chlorophyllin sodium copper salt in hydrogel formulations: spectrophotometric stability studies and in vitro release. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Zhao L, Ckurshumova W, Fefer M, Liu J, Hoare T. Fabrication, Characterization and In Planta Uptake of Engineered Surfactant Nanovesicles for the Delivery of the Biostimulant Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15028-15037. [PMID: 36414271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of agrochemicals requires control over bioactive release kinetics coupled with effective penetration of the bioactive into plants. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of hybrid nanovesicles based on sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for enabling effective delivery of the biostimulant sodium copper chlorophyllin (Cu-chl) into plants. SDBS-CTAB nanovesicles exhibited a particle size of 107 nm with a well-defined spherical morphology, while modified formulations that included small fractions of the unsaturated dopant Span 80 yielded larger nanovesicles that were softer and more irregular in shape. All nanovesicles maintained high colloidal stability over >4 weeks and enabled sustained Cu-chl release, with the incorporation of Span 80 into the membranes enabling controllable acceleration of the release rate. Nanovesicle encapsulation improved the photostability of Cu-chl bioactive 3-4 × relative to that of free Cu-chl and enabled significant penetration of Cu-chl into the plant root without inducing any significant phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaL8S 4L7
| | - Wenzi Ckurshumova
- Suncor AgroScience, 2489 North Sheridan Way, Mississauga, Ontario, CanadaL5K 1A8
| | - Michael Fefer
- Suncor AgroScience, 2489 North Sheridan Way, Mississauga, Ontario, CanadaL5K 1A8
| | - Jun Liu
- Suncor AgroScience, 2489 North Sheridan Way, Mississauga, Ontario, CanadaL5K 1A8
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaL8S 4L7
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Tianshu B, Lixuan Z, Chunhong W. The Synthesis of Thermostable, Strongly Basic Anion-Exchange Resins Using Cross-Linked Biguanide and Its Application in the Extraction of Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Study of the Evolution of Pigments from Freshly Pressed to 'On-the-Shelf' Extra-Virgin Olive Oils by Means of Near-UV Visible Spectroscopy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081891. [PMID: 34441668 PMCID: PMC8394633 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic non-destructive methods have high potentialities as fast, cheap and easy-to-be-used approaches to address olive oil quality and authenticity. Based on previous research where near-UV Visible spectroscopy was used to investigate extra-virgin olive oils (EVOOs) and their main pigments’ content (i.e., β-carotene, lutein, pheophytin a and pheophytin b), we have implemented the spectral deconvolution method in order to follow the EVOO’s life, from ‘freshly pressed’ to ‘on-the-shelf’ EVOO samples at different storage time. In the first part of the manuscript, the new implemented deconvolution spectroscopic method aimed to quantify two additional pigments, namely chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, is described and tested on ‘ad hoc’ samples with known concentrations of chlorophylls. The effect of light exposure and acidification was investigated to test the reliability and robustness of the spectral deconvolution. In the second part of the work, this approach was used to study the kinetic of pigments’ degradation in several monocultivar fresh EVOO samples under optimal storage’s conditions. The results here reported show that this spectroscopic deconvolution approach is a good method to study fresh EVOOs too; moreover, the proposed method revealed to be sensitive to detect eventual stresses of olive oil samples stored in not-good conditions.
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Production of sodium copper chlorophyllin from a green microalga Chlorella minutissima: a value-added co-product for sustainable microalgal refinery. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang F, Terazono Y, Liu J, Fefer M, Pelton RH. Adsorption of aqueous copper chlorophyllin mixtures on model surfaces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Li HZ, Wu JJ, Lee WJ, Chen CS. Improving the High-Frequency Response of PEI-Based Earphone with Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25010219. [PMID: 31948101 PMCID: PMC6983146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The polyetherimide diaphragm, sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), and copper ion coating composite used on earphones were observed to improve the high-frequency (10k–14k Hz) performance. This reinforcement phenomenon was expected to make the sound experience brighter and more diverse. By SEM observation, the mixed coating of SCC/Cu2+ on the polyethylenimine (PEI) diaphragm exhibited a planar blocky structure and was tightly bonded to the surface of the PEI polymer without the aid of colloids. The endothermic process of SCC and metal ion complexation was analyzed by isothermal titration calorimetry. The association ratios of SCC/Cu2+ and SCC/Ni2+ were 4/1 and 6/1, respectively, and the SCC/Cu2+ association yielded a stronger binding constant and more free energy. It was expected that the SCC/Cu2+(4/1) mixed liquid would be immobilized on the PEI polymer by multivalent interaction, including hydrogen-bonding networks between carboxyl groups of SCC and amine groups of PEI, and cross-linking of bridging copper ions. We used dimethylethylenediamine (DME) monomer instead of PEI polymer to analyze this multivalent interaction and observed a two-stage exothermic association of SCC/Cu2+(4/1) and DME with a total Gibbs free energy of 15.15 kcal/mol. We observed that the binding energy could be used to explain that the SCC/Cu2+ mixed formulation could be fixed on the surface of the PEI polymer and could enhance the strength of the PEI film. Compared with graphene films, which can continuously improve the performance of high and ultrasonic frequencies, this study was devoted to and was initiated for the purpose of applying porphyrin compounds to improve music performance.
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Gajewska B, Raccio S, Rodriguez KJ, Bruns N. Chlorophyll derivatives as catalysts and comonomers for atom transfer radical polymerizations. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01492b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of chlorophyll were investigated as both catalysts and comonomers to generate well-defined polymers with narrow dispersities under AGET ATRP conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- 1700 Fribourg
- Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
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Nonlinear optical properties of sodium copper chlorophyllin in aqueous solution. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e19-e24. [PMID: 28525677 PMCID: PMC6379775 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC), as one of the derivatives of chlorophyll –
with its inherent green features; good stability for heat, light, acids and
alkalies; unique antimicrobial capability; and particular deodorization
performance – is widely applied in some fields such as the food industry,
medicine and health care, daily cosmetic industry etc. SCC, as one of the
metal porphyrins, has attracted much attention because of its unique
electronic band structure and photon conversion performance. To promote the
application of SCC in materials science; energy research and photonics, such
as fast optical communications; and its use in nonlinear optical materials,
solar photovoltaic cells, all-optical switches, optical limiters and
saturable absorbers, great efforts should be dedicated to studying its
nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. Methods In this study, the absorption spectra and NLO properties of SCC in aqueous
solution at different concentrations were measured. The Z-scan technique was
used to determine NLO properties. Results The results indicated that the absorption spectra of SCC exhibit 2
characteristic absorption peaks located at the wavelengths 405 and 630 nm,
and the values of the peaks increase with increasing SCC concentration. The
results also showed that SCC exhibits reverse saturation absorption and
negative nonlinear refraction (self-defocusing). Conclusions It can be seen that SCC has good optical nonlinearity which will be
convenient for applications in materials science, energy research and
photonics.
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Morales-Oyervides L, Oliveira J, Sousa-Gallagher M, Méndez-Zavala A, Montañez J. Quantitative assessment of the impact of the type of inoculum on the kinetics of cell growth, substrate consumption and pigment productivity by Penicillium purpurogenum GH2 in liquid culture with an integrated stochastic approach. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Scientific Opinion on re‐evaluation of copper complexes of chlorophylls (E 141(i)) and chlorophyllins (E 141(ii)) as food additives. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Zhan R, Wu J, Ouyang J. In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Sodium Zinc and
Sodium Iron Chlorophyllins from Pine Needles. Food Technol Biotechnol 2014; 52:505-510. [PMID: 27904324 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.52.04.14.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll was extracted from pine needles, and then sodium zinc chlorophyllin (SZC) and sodium iron chlorophyllin (SIC) were synthesised by saponification, purification and substitution reaction, using sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) as a control. Their crystalline structures were verified by atomic absorbance spectroscopy, UV-VIS spectroscopy and HPLC. Moreover, their antioxidant activities were evaluated and compared with that of ascorbic acid through four biochemical assays: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching and O 2- scavenging activity. SZC had better antioxidant properties at a lower dosage than SIC and SCC in all assays. In the β-carotene bleaching assay, EC 50 of SZC, SIC and SCC was 0.04, 0.38 and 0.90 mg/mL, respectively, much lower than that of ascorbic acid (4.0 mg/mL). SZC showed a better result (p<0.05) than ascorbic acid in the O 2- scavenging activity assay. The results obtained from reducing power determination were also excellent: the absorbance values were all about 1.0 at 0.5 mg/mL, about half of that of ascorbic acid. In the investigation of DPPH radical scavenging activity, all chlorophyllins had lower activities than ascorbic acid. These results demonstrated the potential bioactivities of chlorophyll derivatives and supported their possible role in human health protection and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhen Zhan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Technology,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Technology,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jie Ouyang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Technology,
Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing 100083, PR China
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Shah SG, Shier WT, Jamaluddin, Tahir N, Hameed A, Ahmad S, Ali N. Penicillium verruculosum SG: a source of polyketide and bioactive compounds with varying cytotoxic activities against normal and cancer lines. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:267-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-013-0945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Sommer A, Romero A, Fetter G, Palomares E, Bosch P. Exploring and tuning the anchorage of chlorophyllin molecules on anionic clays. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hou X, Yang R, Xu H, Yang Y. Adsorption Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Silk Dyed with Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie300201j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Sunshine Group, Sunshine Industrial Park, Jiangyin, Jiangsu,
214126, China
| | - Ruiling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | | | - Yiqi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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Roca M, Gallardo-Guerrero L, Mínguez-Mosquera MI, Gandul Rojas B. Control of olive oil adulteration with copper-chlorophyll derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:51-56. [PMID: 20000773 DOI: 10.1021/jf902084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present work proposes an analytical method able to detect in an adulterated olive oil sample the addition of the copper complexes of chlorophylls (E 141i). The method consists of a pigment extraction in liquid phase and subsequent analysis by HPLC-DAD. The profile of chlorophyll pigments of an olive oil is determined essentially by its content in pheophytins (a and b), but in no case any copper derivative. Different samples of colorant E 141i have been analyzed, the natural coloring additives used to adulterate vegetable oils. The 99.59+/-0.52% of the chlorophyll pigments present in the different samples of E 141i colorant are not those of an olive oil (more than 75% are cupro-derivatives). Thus, the simple detection of one of the compounds in an olive oil indicates adulteration. The major chlorophyll derivative in all the E 141i colorants samples is Cu-pyropheophytin a and its limit of detection (LOD) defined at a signal-to-noise ratio of about 3 was 6.58 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Roca
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Pigments Group, Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Avda. Padre Garcia Tejero, 4, Sevilla 41012, Spain.
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House PG, Schnitzer CS. SERRS and visible extinction spectroscopy of copper chlorophyllin on silver colloids as a function of pH. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 318:145-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ferruzzi MG, Blakeslee J. Digestion, absorption, and cancer preventative activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mapari SAS, Meyer AS, Thrane U. Colorimetric characterization for comparative analysis of fungal pigments and natural food colorants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:7027-35. [PMID: 16968059 DOI: 10.1021/jf062094n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous pigments produced by ascomycetous filamentous fungi belonging to the genera Penicillium, Epicoccum, and Monascus, preselected based on chemotaxonomic knowledge, have been extracted and characterized by quantitative colorimetry. The color characteristics of the fungal extracts were compared to water soluble natural colorants derived from sources currently in use. The tested fungal extracts also included some commercially available Monascus colorants. The a values for the fungal extracts were found to be both positive and negative, the b values were found to be positive, while the hue angles of the fungal color extracts ranged from 40 to 110 indicating the color distribution of fungal extracts over the red-orange-yellow region of the CIELAB color space. The fungal extracts exhibited additional color hues in the red spectrum and similar hues in the yellow spectrum as compared to the reference natural colorants. They were also found to be similar or brighter in terms of chroma to some of the reference natural colorants. Principal component analysis was performed to group and distinguish different colors based on the a and b values. The fungal color extracts could be grouped in accordance with the similarity or difference in the color to those of the existing natural colorants. The diversity of colors was not only found among different fungal genera and/or species but also within the same species on changing the media. There was a marked change in the color composition of the extracts resulting in relatively different hues. Our results, thus, indicate that there exists pigment-producing genera of ascomycetous fungi other than Monascus that produce color shades in the red and the yellow spectra in addition or similar to reference colorants. These color shades could add to the color palette of the natural colorants currently in use. In addition, the multivariate approach in distinguishing and classifying the colorants was shown to be a very useful tool in colorimetric comparison of colorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer A S Mapari
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology and Bioprocess Science and Technology, BioCentrum-DTU, Building 221, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Stintzing FC, Hoffmann M, Carle R. Thermal degradation kinetics of isoflavone aglycones from soy and red clover. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:373-7. [PMID: 16598813 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200500187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Driven by their beneficial effects on human metabolism, isoflavonoids have gained considerable importance reflected by an increased number of isoflavone-rich foods, food supplements and pharmaceutical products on the market, mainly derived from soy and red clover. While it is well known that the genuine isoflavone pattern will be altered during processing, data on aglycone stability are rare. Therefore, a thorough study into the thermal sensitivities of biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin, flavone, genistein, glycitein and isoflavone was performed. Samples were heated at 150 degrees C over a period of 7 h at three different pH values, and degradation of the aglycones was monitored by HPLC-DAD analyses. Therefrom, structure-related stability characteristics could be established. While virtually no decay was observed at pH 7.0 and 5.6, degradation was most prominent at pH 3. 1. Individual aglycone retention was further dependent on heating time with daidzein being the most labile compound after any time interval. Curve fitting of the data revealed first-order degradation kinetics for flavone and glycitein, while the remaining aglycones exhibited a sigmoidal degradation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Conrad Stintzing
- Institute of Food Technology, Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, Stuttgart, Germany.
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