1
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Rocha S, Rufino AT, Freitas M, Silva AMS, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Methodologies for Assessing Pancreatic Lipase Catalytic Activity: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-28. [PMID: 37335098 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2221731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a disease of epidemic proportions with a concerning increasing trend. Regarded as one of the main sources of energy, lipids can also represent a big part of an unnecessary intake of calories and be, therefore, directly related to the problem of obesity. Pancreatic lipase is an enzyme that is essential in the absorption and digestion of dietary fats and has been explored as an alternative for the reduction of fat absorption and consequent weigh loss.Literature describes a great variability of methodologies and experimental conditions used in research to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of compounds against pancreatic lipase. However, in an attempt to choose the best approach, it is necessary to know all the reaction conditions and understand how these can affect the enzymatic assay.The objective of this review is to understand and summarize the methodologies and respective experimental conditions that are mainly used to evaluate pancreatic lipase catalytic activity.156 studies were included in this work and a detailed description of the most commonly used UV/Vis spectrophotometric and fluorimetric instrumental techniques are presented, including a discussion regarding the differences found in the parameters used in both techniques, namely enzyme, substrate, buffer solutions, kinetics conditions, temperature and pH.This works shows that both UV/Vis spectrophotometry and fluorimetry are useful instrumental techniques for the evaluation of pancreatic lipase catalytic activity, presenting several advantages and limitations, which make the choice of parameters and experimental conditions a crucial decision to obtain the most reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of water extract from black cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla). Food Res Int 2022; 161:111831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Khan A, Akram M, Thiruvengadam M, Daniyal M, Zakki SA, Munir N, Zainab R, Heydari M, Mosavat SH, Rebezov M, Shariati MA. Anti-anxiety properties of selected medicinal plants. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1041-1060. [PMID: 33480339 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210122125131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of new drugs targeting anxiety treatment is a major concern worldwide. Medicinal plants are being used as a potential source of novel drugs for anxiety disorders. The objective of this review is to provide information about the healing outcomes of anxiety treatment with natural products. Valeriana officinalis, Citrus aurantium, Commelina benghalensis, Achyranthes aspera, Mimosa pudica, Achillea millefolium, Nymphaea alba, Leonurus cardiac, Camellia sinensis, Turnera aphrodisiaca, Crataegus oxyacantha and Piper methysticum showed promising effects on anxiety in animal models. In clinical studies, passion flower, kava, valerian, St John's wort, and ashwagandha showed the most positive results. More studies are needed for the exploration of the anti-anxiety of medicinal plants. In drugs derived from natural sources have explored many components that are playing an essential role in curing anxiety disorders and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmatullah Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Drug Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha. China
| | - Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 9300194. Japan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad. Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz. Iran
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- V.M.Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food System of Russian Academy of Science, Moscow. Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- K.G.Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Moscow109004. Russian Federation
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4
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Ochiai M. Evaluating the appropriate oral lipid tolerance test model for investigating plasma triglyceride elevation in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235875. [PMID: 33022003 PMCID: PMC7537863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) has been known to assess intestinal fat metabolism and whole-body lipid metabolism, but rodent models for OLTT are not yet established. Differences in OLTT methodology preclude the generation of definitive results, which may cause some confusion about the anti-hypertriglyceridemia effects of the test materials. To standardize and generate more appropriate methodology for the OLTT, we examined the effects of mice strain, dietary lipid sources, fasting period, and gender on lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice. First, lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia was more strongly observed in male ddY mice than in C57BL/6N or ICR mice. Second, the administration of olive and soybean oils remarkably represented lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Third, fasting period before the OLTT largely affected the plasma triglyceride elevation. Fasting for 12 h, but less than 48 h, provoked lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Fourth, we explored the suppressive effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, on lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia. The administration of 100 mg/kg of EGCG suppressed lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia and intestinal lipase activity. Fifth, EGCG-induced suppressive effects were observed after lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia was observed in male mice, but not in female mice. Lastly, lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia could be more effectively induced in mice fed a high-fat diet for 1 week before the OLTT. These findings indicate that male ddY mice after 12 h fasting displayed marked lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia in response to soybean oil. Hence, the defined experiment condition may be a more appropriate OLTT model for evaluating lipid-induced hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ochiai
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
- * E-mail:
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5
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Meng XH, Li N, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Plant Resources, Chemical Constituents, and Bioactivities of Tea Plants from the Genus Camellia Section Thea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5318-5349. [PMID: 30449099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tea, as one of the most popular beverages with various bioactivities, is commonly produced from the fresh leaves of two widely cultivated tea plants, Camellia sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. Both plants belong to the genus Camellia section Thea, which was considered to have 12 species and 6 varieties according to Min's taxonomic system. Most species, except the cultivated species, are known as wild tea plants and have been exploited and utilized to produce tea by the local people of its growing areas. Thus far, six species and varieties have been phytochemically studied, leading to the identification of 398 compounds, including hydrolyzable tannins, flavan-3-ols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and other phenolic and related compounds. Various beneficial health effects were reported for tea and its components, involving antioxidant, antitumor, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc. In this review, the geographical distribution of tea plants and the chemical constituents (1-398) reported from the genus Camellia section Thea and some tea products (green, black, oolong, and pu-erh tea) that have ever been studied between 1970 and 2018 have been summarized, taking species as the main hint, and the main biological activities are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hua Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources of West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
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6
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Jin JQ, Chai YF, Liu YF, Zhang J, Yao MZ, Chen L. Hongyacha, a Naturally Caffeine-Free Tea Plant from Fujian, China. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11311-11319. [PMID: 30303011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hongyacha (HYC) is a type of new wild tea plant discovered in Fujian Province, China. This tea is helpful to the healing or prevention of disease in its original growing area. However, research on this tea is limited. Our results showed that HYC displayed obvious differences in its morphological characteristics compared with Cocoa tea ( Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a famous caffeine-free tea plant in China. Theobromine and trans-catechins, but not caffeine and cis-catechins, were the dominant purine alkaloids and catechins detected in HYC. HYC might contain abundant gallocatechin-(4 → 8)-gallocatechin gallate, 1,3,4,6-tetra- O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose, and (-)-gallocatechin-3,5-di- O-gallate, which were not detected in regular tea. We also found that the TCS1 of HYC was distinct, and the responding recombinant protein exhibited only theobromine synthase activity. The obtained results showed that HYC is a new kind of caffeine-free tea plant and may be used for scientific protection and efficient utilization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qiang Jin
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310008 , China
| | - Yun-Feng Chai
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310008 , China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310008 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310008 , China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yao
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310008 , China
| | - Liang Chen
- Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 9 South Meiling Road , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310008 , China
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7
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Patil M, Patil R, Bhadane B, Mohammad S, Maheshwari V. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of phenolic inhibitor from endophytic Diaporthe arengae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Fernandes I, Pérez-Gregorio R, Soares S, Mateus N, de Freitas V. Wine Flavonoids in Health and Disease Prevention. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020292. [PMID: 28216567 PMCID: PMC6155685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine, and particularly red wine, is a beverage with a great chemical complexity that is in continuous evolution. Chemically, wine is a hydroalcoholic solution (~78% water) that comprises a wide variety of chemical components, including aldehydes, esters, ketones, lipids, minerals, organic acids, phenolics, soluble proteins, sugars and vitamins. Flavonoids constitute a major group of polyphenolic compounds which are directly associated with the organoleptic and health-promoting properties of red wine. However, due to the insufficient epidemiological and in vivo evidences on this subject, the presence of a high number of variables such as human age, metabolism, the presence of alcohol, the complex wine chemistry, and the wide array of in vivo biological effects of these compounds suggest that only cautious conclusions may be drawn from studies focusing on the direct effect of wine and any specific health issue. Nevertheless, there are several reports on the health protective properties of wine phenolics for several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, some cancers, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, allergies and osteoporosis. The different interactions that wine flavonoids may have with key biological targets are crucial for some of these health-promoting effects. The interaction between some wine flavonoids and some specific enzymes are one example. The way wine flavonoids may be absorbed and metabolized could interfere with their bioavailability and therefore in their health-promoting effect. Hence, some reports have focused on flavonoids absorption, metabolism, microbiota effect and overall on flavonoids bioavailability. This review summarizes some of these major issues which are directly related to the potential health-promoting effects of wine flavonoids. Reports related to flavonoids and health highlight some relevant scientific information. However, there is still a gap between the knowledge of wine flavonoids bioavailability and their health-promoting effects. More in vivo results as well as studies focused on flavonoid metabolites are still required. Moreover, it is also necessary to better understand how biological interactions (with microbiota and cells, enzymes or general biological systems) could interfere with flavonoid bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Fernandes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rosa Pérez-Gregorio
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana Soares
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Mateus
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Victor de Freitas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Gao X, Lin X, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Li B. Cellular antioxidant, methylglyoxal trapping, and anti-inflammatory activities of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang). Food Funct 2017; 8:2836-2846. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa tea, a naturally low caffeine-containing but GCG-rich tea cultivar, exhibited strong cellular antioxidant, methylglyoxal trapping, and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Gao
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Xiaorong Lin
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Zhongzheng Chen
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
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10
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Li YF, Chang YQ, Deng J, Li WX, Jian J, Gao JS, Wan X, Gao H, Kurihara H, Sun PH, He RR. Prediction and evaluation of the lipase inhibitory activities of tea polyphenols with 3D-QSAR models. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34387. [PMID: 27694956 PMCID: PMC5046073 DOI: 10.1038/srep34387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary hypolipidemic effects of polyphenolic compounds from tea have been confirmed in our previous study. To gain compounds with more potent activities, using the conformations of the most active compound revealed by molecular docking, a 3D-QSAR pancreatic lipase inhibitor model with good predictive ability was established and validated by CoMFA and CoMISA methods. With good statistical significance in CoMFA (r2cv = 0.622, r2 = 0.956, F = 261.463, SEE = 0.096) and CoMISA (r2cv = 0.631, r2 = 0.932, F = 75.408, SEE = 0.212) model, we summarized the structure-activity relationship between polyphenolic compounds and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities and find the bulky substituents in R2, R4 and R5, hydrophilic substituents in R1 and electron withdrawing groups in R2 are the key factors to enhance the lipase inhibitory activities. Under the guidance of the 3D-QSAR results, (2R,3R,2′R,3′R)-desgalloyloolongtheanin-3,3′-O-digallate (DOTD), a potent lipase inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.08 μg/ml, was obtained from EGCG oxidative polymerization catalyzed by crude polyphenol oxidase. Furthermore, DOTD was found to inhibit lipid absorption in olive oil-loaded rats, which was related with inhibiting the activities of lipase in the intestinal mucosa and contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Anti-stress Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Qun Chang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Anti-stress Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- Anti-stress Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Jian
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jia-Suo Gao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Anti-stress Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hiroshi Kurihara
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Anti-stress Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Anti-stress Health Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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11
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Li KK, Liu CL, Shiu HT, Wong HL, Siu WS, Zhang C, Han XQ, Ye CX, Leung PC, Ko CH. Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) water extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20172. [PMID: 26833256 PMCID: PMC4735603 DOI: 10.1038/srep20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a naturally decaffeinated tea plant. Previously we found that cocoa tea demonstrated a beneficial effect against high-fat diet induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and hyperlipidemia in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of cocoa tea in vitro using preadipocytes 3T3-L1. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by Oil Red O stain, qPCR and Western blot. Our results demonstrated that cocoa tea significantly inhibited triglyceride accumulation in mature adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Cocoa tea was shown to suppress the expressions of key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP α). The tea extract was subsequently found to reduce the expressions of adipocyte-specific genes such as sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid translocase (FAT) and stearoylcoenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1). In addition, JNK, ERK and p38 phosphorylation were inhibited during cocoa tea inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation. Taken together, this is the first study that demonstrates cocoa tea has the capacity to suppress adipogenesis in pre-adipocyte 3T3-L1 similar to traditional green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kai Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuek Lun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hoi Ting Shiu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hing Lok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing Sum Siu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Qiang Han
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuang Xing Ye
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Li K, Zhou X, Yang X, Shi X, Song X, Ye C, Ko CH. Subacute oral toxicity of cocoa tea ( Camellia ptilophylla) water extract in SD rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Li
- School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Xuelin Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
- School of Biological Science; Yili Normal University; Yining Xinjiang 835000 China
| | - Xianggang Shi
- School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Xiaohong Song
- School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chuangxing Ye
- School of Life Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chun Hay Ko
- Institute of Chinese Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
- Shenzhen Research Institute; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shenzhen 518000 China
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Gutiérrez-Salmeán G, Ortiz-Vilchis P, Vacaseydel CM, Rubio-Gayosso I, Meaney E, Villarreal F, Ramírez-Sánchez I, Ceballos G. Acute effects of an oral supplement of (-)-epicatechin on postprandial fat and carbohydrate metabolism in normal and overweight subjects. Food Funct 2014; 5:521-7. [PMID: 24458104 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia, in particular when accompanied by excessive hypertriglyceridemia, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, mainly in overweight or obese subjects, as it favors oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Thus, treatments that favorably modulate metabolism by reducing steep increases in postprandial serum glucose and triglycerides, are of considerable interest. Evidence suggests that (-)-epicatechin (EPI) is responsible for reductions in cardiometabolic risk associated with chocolate consumption; these effects may be associated with favorable effects of EPI on postprandial metabolism. The aims of this study were to assess the effects of EPI on postprandial metabolism in normal-weight and overweight/obese subjects. Twenty adult volunteers (normal and overweight) underwent oral metabolic tolerance tests in the absence and presence of oral EPI (1 mg kg(-1)). Metabolic responses were examined using indirect calorimetry and determining blood glucose and triglycerides at 0, 2 and 4 hours after metabolic load ingestion. Results show that EPI increased postprandial lipid catabolism, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the respiratory quotient, which implies an increase in fat oxidation. The effect was associated with significantly lower postprandial plasma glucose and triglycerides concentrations. The effects were more prominent in overweight subjects. In conclusion, EPI modulates postprandial metabolism by enhancing lipid oxidation accompanied by reductions in glycemia and triglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gutiérrez-Salmeán
- Laboratorio de Investigación Integral Cardiometabólica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n. Casco de Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo. C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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14
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Lin X, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Gao X, Luo W, Li B. Interactions among chemical components of Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla Chang), a naturally low caffeine-containing tea species. Food Funct 2014; 5:1175-85. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60720h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Effect of Dietary Cocoa Tea (Camellia ptilophylla) Supplementation on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity, Hepatic Steatosis, and Hyperlipidemia in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:783860. [PMID: 23935682 PMCID: PMC3723092 DOI: 10.1155/2013/783860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggested that green tea has the potential to protect against diet-induced obesity. The presence of caffeine within green tea has caused limitations. Cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) is a naturally decaffeinated tea plant. To determine whether cocoa tea supplementation results in an improvement in high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, and whether such effects would be comparable to those of green tea extract, we studied six groups (n = 10) of C57BL/6 mice that were fed with (1) normal chow (N); (2) high-fat diet (21% butterfat + 0.15% cholesterol, wt/wt) (HF); (3) a high-fat diet supplemented with 2% green tea extract (HFLG); (4) a high-fat diet supplemented with 4% green tea extract (HFHG); (5) a high-fat diet supplemented with 2% cocoa tea extract (HFLC); and (6) a high-fat diet supplemented with 4% cocoa tea extract (HFHC). From the results, 2% and 4% dietary cocoa tea supplementation caused a dose-dependent decrease in (a) body weight, (b) fat pad mass, (c) liver weight, (d) total liver lipid, (e) liver triglyceride and cholesterol, and (f) plasma lipids (triglyceride and cholesterol). These data indicate that dietary cocoa tea, being naturally decaffeinated, has a beneficial effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, and elevated plasma lipid levels in mice, which are comparable to green tea. The present findings have provided the proof of concept that dietary cocoa tea might be of therapeutic value and could therefore provide a safer and cost effective option for patients with diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
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Yang MH, Chin YW, Yoon KD, Kim J. Phenolic compounds with pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity from Korean yam (Dioscorea opposita). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:1-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.742517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University
SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul
GoyangSouth Korea
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea
Gyeonggi-doSouth Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University
SeoulSouth Korea
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17
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Yang XR, Wang YY, La KK, Peng L, Song XH, Shi XG, Zhu XF, Leung PC, Ko CH, Ye CX. Inhibitory effects of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 in vitro and in vivo through apoptosis. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1051-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenols-rich extract from tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers in acute and chronic mice models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:537923. [PMID: 22900128 PMCID: PMC3413976 DOI: 10.1155/2012/537923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While beneficial health properties of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention is paid to the flowers of tea. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extract of tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers were investigated. Pharmacological studies found that administration of tea flowers extract (TFE) could effectively inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenin-induced paw edema. Furthermore, administration of TFE also protected against Propionibacterium acnes (P. ances) plus lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced liver inflammation by reversing the histologic damage and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase. Moreover, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-(TNF)-α and interleukin-(IL-) 1β mRNA in mouse liver were markedly suppressed after treatment with TFE in mice with immunological liver inflammation. These results indicated that tea flowers had potent anti-inflammatory effects on acute and immunological inflammation in vivo, and may be used as a functional natural food.
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Peng L, Wang X, Shi X, Li C, Ye C, Song X. Characterization of the constituents and antioxidative activity of cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla). Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Skulas-Ray AC, Kris-Etherton PM, Teeter DL, Chen CYO, Vanden Heuvel JP, West SG. A high antioxidant spice blend attenuates postprandial insulin and triglyceride responses and increases some plasma measures of antioxidant activity in healthy, overweight men. J Nutr 2011; 141:1451-7. [PMID: 21697300 PMCID: PMC3138637 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.138966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much interest in the potential of dietary antioxidants to attenuate in vivo oxidative stress, but little characterization of the time course of plasma effects exists. Culinary spices have demonstrated potent in vitro antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to examine whether adding 14 g of a high antioxidant spice blend to a 5060-kJ (1200 kcal) meal exerted significant postprandial effects on markers of plasma antioxidant status and metabolism. Healthy overweight men (n = 6) consumed a control and spiced meal in a randomized crossover design with 1 wk between testing sessions. Blood was sampled prior to the meal and at 30-min intervals for 3.5 h (total of 8 samples). Mixed linear models demonstrated a treatment × time interaction (P < 0.05) for insulin and TG, corresponding with 21 and 31% reductions in postprandial levels with the spiced meal, respectively. Adding spices to the meal significantly increased the ferric reducing antioxidant power, such that postprandial increases following the spiced meal were 2-fold greater than after the control meal (P = 0.009). The hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of plasma also was increased by spices (P = 0.02). There were no treatment differences in glucose, total thiols, lipophilic ORAC, or total ORAC. The incorporation of spices into the diet may help normalize postprandial insulin and TG and enhance antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C. Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Danette L. Teeter
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - C-Y. Oliver Chen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
| | - John P. Vanden Heuvel
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Sheila G. West
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Mizutani T, Inatomi S, Inazu A, Kawahara E. Hypolipidemic effect of Pleurotus eryngii extract in fat-loaded mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2010; 56:48-53. [PMID: 20354346 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.56.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus eryngii water extract (PEE), which showed the most significant inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase in vitro among eight edible mushrooms, was investigated to determine the mechanism of its anti-lipase activity in vitro and its hypolipidemic effect in fat-loaded mice. The inhibitory effects of mushroom extracts on pancreatic lipase activity were examined using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MUO) or trioleoylglycerol emulsified with lecithin, gum arabic or Triton X-100 as a substrate. For in vivo experiments, blood samples were taken after oral administration of corn oil and [(3)H]trioleoylglycerol with or without PEE to food-deprived mice. PEE inhibited hydrolysis of 4-MUO and trioleoylglycerol emulsified with lecithin or Triton X-100, but not that of trioleoylglycerol emulsified with gum arabic. PEE suppressed the elevations of plasma and chylomicron triacylglycerol levels after oral administration of corn oil, but had no effect on lipoprotein lipase activity. [(3)H]Trioleoylglycerol absorption was also decreased by administration of PEE. The results of in vitro studies suggest that PEE may prevent interactions between lipid emulsions and pancreatic lipase. The hypolipidemic effect of PEE in fat-loaded mice may be due to low absorption of fat caused by the inhibition of pancreatic lipase.
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Peng L, Khan N, Afaq F, Ye C, Mukhtar H. In vitro and in vivo effects of water extract of white cocoa tea (Camellia ptilophylla) against human prostate cancer. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1128-37. [PMID: 20224992 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0052-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the chemotherapeutic effect of water extract of white cocoa tea (WCTE) against human prostate cancer (PCa) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Cell viability and cell cycle distribution were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Western blotting was performed to determine changes in levels of various proteins. Effect of WCTE was determined in athymic nude mice implanted with PC-3 cells. RESULTS Treatment with WCTE (100-150 microg/ml) inhibited cell proliferation, which correlated with G2/M phase arrest in PC-3 cells. WCTE treatment to PC-3 cells resulted in (1) induction of WAF1/p21 and KIP1/p27, (2) decrease in cyclins D1, D2 and E, (3) decrease in cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2, 4 and 6, (4) induction of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2, (5) decrease in procaspase-3, -8, (6) inhibition of nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF-kappaB and activation of IKKalpha, and (7) inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Oral administration of WCTE (0.1 and 0.2%, wt/vol) to athymic nude mice resulted in greater than 50% inhibition of tumor growth. There was a decrease in expressions of cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and p-NF-kappaB and an increase in WAF1/p21 and Bax in tumor tissues of mice. CONCLUSION WCTE can be a useful chemotherapeutic agent against human PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Zhang J, Kang MJ, Kim MJ, Kim ME, Song JH, Lee YM, Kim JI. Pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of taraxacum officinale in vitro and in vivo. Nutr Res Pract 2008; 2:200-3. [PMID: 20016719 PMCID: PMC2788186 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2008.2.4.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2008] [Revised: 11/30/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide health problem. Orlistat, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, is currently approved as an anti-obesity drug. However, gastrointestinal side effects caused by Orlistat may limit its use. In this study the inhibitory activities of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) against pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo were measured to determine its possible use as a natural anti-obesity agent. The inhibitory activities of the 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale and Orlistat were measured using 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate (4-MU oleate) as a substrate at concentrations of 250, 125, 100, 25, 12.5 and 4 microg/ml. To determine pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity in vivo, mice (n=16) were orally administered with corn oil emulsion (5 ml/kg) alone or with the 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale (400 mg/kg) following an overnight fast. Plasma triglyceride levels were measured at 0, 90, 180, and 240 min after treatment and incremental areas under the response curves (AUC) were calculated. The 95% ethanol extract of T. officinale and Orlistat, inhibited, porcine pancreatic lipase activity by 86.3% and 95.7% at a concentration of 250 microg/ml, respectively. T. officinale extract showed dose-dependent inhibition with the IC(50) of 78.2 microg/ml. A single oral dose of the extract significantly inhibited increases in plasma triglyceride levels at 90 and 180 min and reduced AUC of plasma triglyceride response curve (p<0.05). The results indicate that T. officinale exhibits inhibitory activities against pancreatic lipase in vitro and in vivo. Further studies to elucidate anti-obesity effects of chronic consumption of T. officinale and to identify the active components responsible for inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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Sugiyama H, Akazome Y, Shoji T, Yamaguchi A, Yasue M, Kanda T, Ohtake Y. Oligomeric procyanidins in apple polyphenol are main active components for inhibition of pancreatic lipase and triglyceride absorption. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:4604-9. [PMID: 17458979 DOI: 10.1021/jf070569k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory effects of apple polyphenol extract (AP) and procyanidin contained in AP on in vitro pancreatic lipase activity and in vivo triglyceride absorption in mice and humans were examined. AP and procyanidin considerably inhibited in vitro pancreatic lipase activity. However, polyphenols, except for procyanidin, in AP (i.e., catechins, chalcones, and phenol carboxylic acids) showed weak inhibitory activities on pancreatic lipase. Procyanidins separated by normal-phase chromatography according to the degree of polymerization were also examined. Inhibitory effects of procyanidins increased according to the degree of polymerization from dimer to pentamer. On the other hand, pentamer or greater procyanidins showed maximal inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase. These results suggested that with respect to in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition, the degree of polymerization was an important factor and oligomeric procyanidin mainly contributed. Next, we performed a triglyceride tolerance test in mice and humans. Simultaneous ingestion of AP and triglyceride significantly inhibited an increase of plasma triglyceride levels in both models. These results suggested that the oligomeric procyanidins contained in AP inhibited triglyceride absorption by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity in mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Fundamental Research Laboratory, Asahi Breweries Limited, I-21, Midori 1-chome, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan.
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