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Mawale K, Nandini B, Giridhar P. Copper and Silver Nanoparticle Seed Priming and Foliar Spray Modulate Plant Growth and Thrips Infestation in Capsicum spp. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3430-3444. [PMID: 38284086 PMCID: PMC10809252 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to improve plant health and secondary metabolite production. In the present study, three different NPs, i.e., Ag, Cu, and Cu-Ag NPs were produced in the range from 25 to 86 nm, with zeta potentials ranging from -28.8 to -38.5 mV. The synthesized NPs were used for seed priming and foliar spray on three varieties of Capsicum annuum. L, i.e., Arka Sweta (AS), Arka Meghana (AM), and Arka Harita (AH) plants grown under greenhouse conditions. Seed priming at various concentrations of NPs (1, 10, 20 ppm) enhanced the seed germination (96%), seedling vigor index (2494-3112.66), seedling length (6-49%), and biomass (46%) of 45 days old Arka Meghana seedlings. Additionally, all plant tissues accumulated significantly higher amounts of chlorophyll (51-142%), carotenoids (23-94.2%), total phenolic content (73%), and total flavonoid content (57%), compared with the control (p ≤ 0.05). The foliar spray of NPs (20-100 ppm) has a protective effect on the chili plants against thrips infestation (30-76%). The foliar spray enhanced chlorophyll (15-62%), carotenoids (15-50%), total phenolic content (20-62%), total flavonoid content (64-99%), reducing sugars (15-97%), total antioxidant activity (15-142%), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (15-109%), DPPH (129-54 mg mL-1), and capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) (82-128%). This study illustrates that Ag, Cu, and Cu-Ag NPs suppress thrips infestation and proliferation with enhanced plant growth and biochemical activity, which is inversely proportional to the NP size. Chemical NPs play a crucial role in the economic significance of chili plants, offering a promising avenue for developing pesticides to effectively combat thrips infestation. This advancement holds great potential in enhancing the overall agronomic productivity of the chili crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran
Suresh Mawale
- Plant
Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central
Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - B. Nandini
- Plant
Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central
Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant
Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central
Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru 570020, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Heterosis for capsacinoids accumulation in chili pepper hybrids is dependent on parent-of-origin effect. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14450. [PMID: 36002476 PMCID: PMC9402712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterosis for agronomic traits is a widespread phenomenon that underpins hybrid crop breeding. However, heterosis at the level of cellular metabolites has not yet been fully explored. Some metabolites are highly sought after, like capsaicinoids found in peppers of the Capsicum genus, which confer the characteristic pungent ('hot') flavour of the fruits. We analysed the metabolic profile of the fruit placenta and pericarp of inter- and intra-specific hybrids of two species of Capsicum peppers, C. chinense (cv. Habanero and cv. Biquinho) and C. annuum var. annuum (cv. Jalapeño and cv. Cascadura Ikeda) in complete diallel crosses with reciprocals. The parents and hybrids were grown in a glasshouse and the profile of primary metabolites (sugars, amino acids and organic acids) and capsaicinoids was generated via gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS), respectively. We found considerable heterotic effects specifically for capsaicinoids accumulation in the fruit placenta of the hybrids, including those derived from non-pungent parents. Furthermore, a large fraction of fruit primary metabolism was influenced by the specific cross combination, with marked parent-of-origin effects, i.e. whether a specific genotype was used as the pistillate or pollen parent. The differences in metabolite levels between the hybrids and their parents provide a snapshot of heterosis for primary and secondary metabolites and may contribute to explain the manifestation of whole-plant heterotic phenotypes.
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Krauß S, Becker L, Vetter W. Patterns and compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis (δ 13 C) of capsaicinoids in Cayenne chilli fruits of different ripening stages. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:530-543. [PMID: 33029820 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Capsaicinoids are alkaloids of high pungency which are exclusively formed by fruits of the genus Capsicum. Capsaicinoid content and composition of Capsicum fruits are influenced by ripening. OBJECTIVE Determination of changes in content and pattern of individual capsaicinoids in chilli pods with fruit ripening. Compound specific stable carbon isotope analysis (δ13 C values (‰), CSIA) was used for a better understanding of capsaicinoid development during fruit ripening. METHODOLOGY Cayenne chillies (Capsicum annuum) were grown in a glasshouse and harvested from different plants at four ripening stages (unripe, semi-ripe, ripe, overripe). Nine capsaicinoids (one verified by synthesis) were quantified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For CSIA, an acetylation method for derivatising capsaicinoids was developed. RESULTS Variations in the patterns of the nine capsaicinoids were not relatable to a distinct ripening stage and also total contents varied extensively from plant to plant. However, changes in total capsaicinoid concentrations were systematic. In almost all plants, maximum values were reached in unripe fruits, then decreased to semi-ripe samples and increased again in the following ripening process. Likewise, δ13 C values of individual capsaicinoids were always by ~2‰ heavier in unripe than in semi-ripe or ripe fruits. However, direction of changes in sum-δ13 C values (‰) (taking contributions of all capsaicinoids together) could not be explained by corresponding variations in capsaicinoid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Both quantification and δ13 C values (‰) verified the presence of ripening-related changes in the capsaicinoid content which may be caused by simultaneously proceeding reactions like synthesis, storage and degradation of capsaicinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Krauß
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Laura Becker
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Chemistry (170b), Stuttgart, Germany
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Ridzuan R, Rafii MY, Mohammad Yusoff M, Ismail SI, Miah G, Usman M. Genetic diversity analysis of selected Capsicum annuum genotypes based on morphophysiological, yield characteristics and their biochemical properties. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:269-280. [PMID: 29851100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the different desirable characters among chili genotypes has expanded the effective selection for crop improvement. Identification of genetically superior parents is important in assortment of the best parents to develop new chili hybrids. RESULTS This study was done to assess the hereditary assorted variety of selected genotypes of Capsicum annuum based on their morphophysiological and yield traits in two planting seasons. The biochemical properties, capsaicinoid content (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin), total phenolics content and antioxidant action determination of unripe and ripe chili pepper fruits were carried out in dry fruits. AVPP9813 and Kulai 907 were observed to have high fruit yields, with 541.39 and 502.64 g per plant, respectively. The most increased genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were shown by the fruit number per plant (49.71% and 66.04%, respectively). High heritability was observed in yield characters viz-à-viz fruit weight, length and girth and indicated high genetic advance. Eight groups were obtained from the cluster analysis. For the biochemical analysis, the capsaicinoid content and total phenolic content were high in Chili Bangi 3 at unripe and ripe fruit stages, while for antioxidant activity SDP203 was the highest in ripe dry fruit. CONCLUSION Higher GCV and PCV, combined with moderate to high heritability and high hereditary progress, were seen in number of fruit per plant, fruit yield per plant and fruit weight per fruit. These findings are beneficial for chili pepper breeders to select desirable quantitative characters in C. annuum in their breeding program. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihana Ridzuan
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Y Rafii
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Martini Mohammad Yusoff
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Izera Ismail
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gous Miah
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Magaji Usman
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Salehi B, Hernández-Álvarez AJ, del Mar Contreras M, Martorell M, Ramírez-Alarcón K, Melgar-Lalanne G, Matthews KR, Sharifi-Rad M, Setzer WN, Nadeem M, Yousaf Z, Sharifi-Rad J. Potential Phytopharmacy and Food Applications of Capsicum spp.: A Comprehensive Review. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801301133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsicum genus (Solanaceae) is native to the Americas. Today, it is an important agricultural crop cultivated around the world, not only due to its economic importance, but also for the nutritional value of the fruits. Among their phytochemical constituents, capsaicinoids are characteristic and responsible of the pungency of sharp-tasting cultivars. Moreover, Capsicum and capsaicinoids (mainly, capsaicin) have been largely studied because of their health benefits. Thus, this study reviews the scientific knowledge about Capsicum spp. and their phytochemicals against cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, pain, and metabolic syndrome, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. These bioactivities can be the basis of the formulation of functional ingredients and natural preservatives containing Capsicum extracts or isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alan Javier Hernández-Álvarez
- Food Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 3600 Casavant West, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada J2S 8E3
| | - María del Mar Contreras
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUIQFN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, VIII – Bio Bio Region, Chile
| | - Guiomar Melgar-Lalanne
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas. Universidad Veracruzana. Av. Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala s/n. Col Industrial Ánimas, 91192. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Karl R. Matthews
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663-335, Iran
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ridzuan R, Rafii MY, Ismail SI, Mohammad Yusoff M, Miah G, Usman M. Breeding for Anthracnose Disease Resistance in Chili: Progress and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3122. [PMID: 30314374 PMCID: PMC6213496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili anthracnose is one of the most devastating fungal diseases affecting the quality and yield production of chili. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the chili anthracnose disease, as well as to explore the use of marker-assisted breeding programs aimed at improving anthracnose disease resistance in this species. This disease is caused by the Colletotrichum species complex, and there have been ongoing screening methods of chili pepper genotypes with resistance to anthracnose in the field, as well as in laboratories. Conventional breeding involves phenotypic selection in the field, and it is more time-consuming compared to molecular breeding. The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) on the basis of inheritance, the segregation ratio of resistance to susceptibility, and the gene-controlling resistance may contribute to the development of an improved chili variety and speed up the selection process, while also reducing genetic drag in the segregating population. More importantly, by using molecular markers, the linkage groups are determined dominantly and co-dominantly, meaning that the implementation of a reliable method to produce resistant varieties is crucial in future breeding programs. This updated information will offer a supportive direction for chili breeders to develop an anthracnose-resistant chili variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihana Ridzuan
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Y Rafii
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Izera Ismail
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Martini Mohammad Yusoff
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Gous Miah
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Magaji Usman
- Laboratory of Climate-Smart Food Crop Production, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Jang YK, Jung ES, Lee HA, Choi D, Lee CH. Metabolomic Characterization of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum "CM334") during Fruit Development. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9452-60. [PMID: 26465673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum "CM334") was performed at six development stages [16, 25, 36, 38, 43, and 48 days post-anthesis (DPA)] to analyze biochemical changes. Distinct distribution patterns were observed in the changes of metabolites, gene expressions, and antioxidant activities by early (16-25 DPA), breaker (36-38 DPA), and later (43-48 DPA) stages. In the early stages, glycosides of luteolin, apigenin, and quercetin, shikimic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and putrescine were highly distributed but gradually decreased over the breaker stage. At later stages, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and kaempferol glycosides were significantly increased. Pathway analysis revealed metabolite-gene interactions in the biosynthesis of amino acids, capsaicinoids, fatty acid chains, and flavonoids. The changes in antioxidant activity were highly reflective of alterations in metabolites. The present study could provide useful information about nutrient content at each stage of pepper cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kyung Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- Department of Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Nitrate promotes capsaicin accumulation in Capsicum chinense immobilized placentas. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:794084. [PMID: 25710024 PMCID: PMC4331322 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In chili pepper's pods, placental tissue is responsible for the synthesis of capsaicinoids (CAPs), the compounds behind their typical hot flavor or pungency, which are synthesized from phenylalanine and branched amino acids. Placental tissue sections from Habanero peppers (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) were immobilized in a calcium alginate matrix and cultured in vitro, either continuously for 28 days or during two 14-day subculture periods. Immobilized placental tissue remained viable and metabolically active for up to 21 days, indicating its ability to interact with media components. CAPs contents abruptly decreased during the first 7 days in culture, probably due to structural damage to the placenta as revealed by scanning electron microcopy. CAPs levels remained low throughout the entire culture period, even though a slight recovery was noted in subcultured placentas. However, doubling the medium's nitrate content (from 40 to 80 mM) resulted in an important increment, reaching values similar to those of intact pod's placentas. These data suggest that isolated pepper placentas cultured in vitro remain metabolically active and are capable of metabolizing inorganic nitrogen sources, first into amino acids and, then, channeling them to CAP synthesis.
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Gururaj HB, Padma MN, Giridhar P, Ravishankar GA. Functional validation of Capsicum frutescens aminotransferase gene involved in vanillylamine biosynthesis using Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation studies in Nicotiana tabacum and Capsicum frutescens calli cultures. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 195:96-105. [PMID: 22921003 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicinoid biosynthesis involves the participation of two substrates viz. vanillylamine and C(9)-C(11) fatty acid moieties. Vanillylamine which is a derivative of vanillin is synthesized through a transaminase reaction in the phenylpropanoid pathway of capsaicinoid synthesis. Here we report the functional validation of earlier reported putative aminotransferase gene for vanillylamine biosynthesis in heterologous system using Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation studies in Nicotiana tabacum and Capsicum frutescens calli cultures. Molecular analysis tools comprising PCR and Southern blot analysis have shown the integration of the foreign gene in N. tabacum and C. frutescens calli cultures. The study shows the production of vanillylamine in transformed N. tabacum callus cultures and also the reduction of vanillylamine production when whole gene based antisense binary vector construct was used in transformation of C. frutescens callus cultures. Vanillylamine production, aminotransferase assay with Western blot analysis for crude proteins of transformants established the production of putative aminotransferase (pAMT) protein in alternate plant. The result is a clear evidence of involvement of the reported putative aminotransferase responsible for vanillylamine biosynthesis in capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway, confirming the gene function through functional validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harishchandra B Gururaj
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, (Constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, CSIR), Mysore 570020, India
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Keum YS, Park HW, Song HH, Kim BD, Kang BC, Kim JH. Metabolite analysis of long chain branched fatty acids and capsaicin biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum placenta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-1163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kim SW, Park JH, Jung SJ, Choi TB, Hur MG, Yang SD, Yu KH. Synthesis and elucidation of deuterated vanillylamine hydrochloride and capsaicin. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Thiele R, Mueller-Seitz E, Petz M. Chili pepper fruits: presumed precursors of fatty acids characteristic for capsaicinoids. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:4219-4224. [PMID: 18489121 DOI: 10.1021/jf073420h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin is a molecule unique to fruits from the genus Capsicum. It is responsible for the pungent sensation and displays valuable pharmacological properties. Despite the fruits' economic importance and decades of research, the regulation of the content of capsaicinoids in individual fruits is not completely elucidated, and no agricultural cultivation of chili of defined pungency is assured. Precursor candidates of the fatty acid moiety of the capsaicinoids, especially for the unique 8-methyl- trans-6-nonenoic acid, were examined. Thioesters, acyl-ACP and acyl-CoA, were isolated from the placenta of Capsicum fruits by means of DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, selectively converted to the corresponding N-butylamides, and analyzed by GC-MS. Fatty acid moieties characteristic for capsaicinoids were identified. In two different varieties ( Capsicum chinense var. Habanero orange and Capsicum annuum var. Jalapeno) it was shown that the fatty acid pattern corresponds to the distribution pattern of the capsaicinoids formed up to this time. The acyl-thioester fractions contained already the 8-methyl- trans-6-nonenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Thiele
- Department of Food Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
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Moon DH, Salvatierra GR, Caldas DGG, Gallo de Carvalho MCC, Carneiro RT, Franceschini LM, Oda S, Labate CA. Comparison of the expression profiles of susceptible and resistant Eucalyptus grandis exposed to Puccinia psidii Winter using SAGE. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2007; 34:1010-1018. [PMID: 32689429 DOI: 10.1071/fp07094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and its hybrids are commonly planted by the Brazilian pulp and paper industry, but they are the most susceptible to the neotropical rust disease caused by Puccinia psidii Winter. In an initial attempt to understand the mechanisms of resistance, we constructed two contrasting Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) libraries using susceptible and resistant individuals from a segregating half-sibling E. grandis population. Using the Z-test we identified tags differentially expressed between the libraries, preferentially 239 in the susceptible and 232 in the resistant type individuals. Using public (Expressed Sequence Tags) EST databases, 40 of the susceptible and 70 of the resistant tags matched ESTs and were annotated. By comparing the type of genes and their expression levels, distinct differences between the libraries were observed. Susceptible plants showed gene expression linked to leaf senescence, generalised stress responses and detoxification, and are apparently incapable of inducing a competent host defence response. On the other hand, resistant plants showed genes upregulated for cellular polarisation, cytoskeleton restructuring, vesicle transport, and cellulose and lignin biosynthesis. In the resistant individuals, evidence for systemic resistance, anti-oxidative responses and a hypersensitive response was also observed, although no R gene was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Moon
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil
| | - Guillermo R Salvatierra
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil
| | - Danielle G G Caldas
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil
| | - Mayra C C Gallo de Carvalho
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil
| | - Raphael T Carneiro
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil
| | - Lívia M Franceschini
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil
| | - Shinitiro Oda
- Suzano Papel e Celulose, Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima n° 1355, 8° andar, CEP 01452-919, São Paulo-SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos A Labate
- Laboratório Max Feffer de Genética de Plantas, Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz', Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brasil
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