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Xu Z, Du H, Manyande A, Xiong S. A comprehensive investigation on the interaction between jaceosidin, baicalein and lipoxygenase: Multi-spectroscopic analysis and computational study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123423. [PMID: 37742591 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenase (LOX) has the harmful effect of accelerating lipid oxidation, and polyphenols have the inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase. However, there were rare researches investigated on the interactions between polyphenols and LOX. In this study, the binding mechanisms between polyphenols (Jaceosidin-JSD and baicalein-BCL) and LOX were investigated by multi-spectroscopic analysis and computational study. Both JSD and BCL binding to LOX resulted in static fluorescence quenching, and the complexes of JSD-LOX and BCL-LOX were built at a molar ratio of 1:1, respectively. The binding constants of LOX-JSD (72.18 × 105 L/mol at 298 K) and LOX-BCL (12.43 × 105 L/mol at 298 K) indicated that LOX had stronger binding affinity to JSD compared to BCL. Compared with BCL-LOX, the JSD-LOX system formed more hydrogen bonds which ensured a stronger bond between JSD and LOX. The studies in molecular dynamics also demonstrated that the JSD-LOX complex is more stable, and the addition of JSD is more conducive to the complex formation. The current study provides some new insights for the study on the inhibition of lipid oxidation and affords a new strategy for the discovery of novel food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hongying Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex TW8 9GA, UK
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Chuang TC, Shao WS, Hsu SC, Lee SL, Kao MC, Wang V. Baicalein Induces G 2/M Cell Cycle Arrest Associated with ROS Generation and CHK2 Activation in Highly Invasive Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031039. [PMID: 36770705 PMCID: PMC9919047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological cancer because drug resistance often results in treatment failure. The CHK2, a tumor suppressor, is considered to be an important molecular target in ovarian cancer due to its role in DNA repair. Dysfunctional CHK2 impairs DNA damage-induced checkpoints, reduces apoptosis, and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy in ovarian cancer cells. This provides a basis for finding new effective agents targeting CHK2 upregulation or activation to treat or prevent the progression of advanced ovarian cancer. Here, the results show that baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) treatment inhibits the growth of highly invasive ovarian cancer cells, and that baicalein-induced growth inhibition is mediated by the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Baicalein-induced G2/M phase arrest is associated with an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and CHK2 upregulation and activation. Thus, baicalein modulates the expression of DNA damage response proteins and G2/M phase regulatory molecules. Blockade of CHK2 activation by CHK2 inhibitors protects cells from baicalein-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest. All the results suggest that baicalein has another novel growth inhibitory effect on highly invasive ovarian cancer cells, which is partly related to G2/M cell cycle arrest through the ROS-mediated DNA breakage damage and CHK2 activation. Collectively, our findings provide a molecular basis for the potential of baicalein as an adjuvant therapeutic agent in the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chao Chuang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei-Syun Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Hsu
- Department of Early Childhood Care and Education, University of Kang Ning, Taipei 114311, Taiwan
| | - Shou-Lun Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Kao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Vinchi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei 231009, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242062, Taiwan
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Baicalein: promising therapeutic applications with special reference to published patents. Pharm Pat Anal 2022; 11:23-32. [PMID: 35345898 DOI: 10.4155/ppa-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a medicinally important flavonoid present in Scutellaria baicalensis, which has numerous biological benefits like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxicity, anticancer properties, etc. Recent studies have revealed that baicalein is an efficient antihepatoma agent and has the strongest antiproliferative effect toward cancerous bladder cell lines, and suppression of cell cycle progression in prostate cancer cells. This natural substance has a high commercial value because it strengthens the heart and cerebral vessels and protects the nervous system and also reduces diabetes and diabetic complications. In addition, baicalein is known to decrease inflammatory markers such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In this review, we have attempted to compile the list of recent therapeutic patents of baicalein used for treating different disorders.
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Antithrombotic activity of flavonoids and polyphenols rich plant species. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:483-495. [PMID: 31639083 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the most notable health problems of the modern civilization. Stroke and heart attack often lead to lethal outcome; essential problem underneath being thrombus formation. Prophylactic approaches include acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel therapy on the level of primary hemostasis, i.e., primary clot formation. In the last five years, in the USA, health care expenses related to cardiovascular diseases have increased 50 %, to over 350 billion dollars. Thus, application of plant species and medicinal plants rich in polyphenols in prevention of thrombus formation are of interest. This is supported by the fact that the number of publications on antiaggregatory effect of polyphenols has doubled in the last decade. In this review we focus on antiaggregatory effect of most abundant polyphenols - flavonoids, the effect of plant extracts rich in polyphenols (propolis, species Salvia sp., Calamintha nepeta L., Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Melissa officinalis L, Mentha x piperita L., Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L.) on platelet aggregation, association of chemical composition and antioxidant properties with the observed biological effect, and possible clinical significance of the published results.
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Liu Q, Liu Y, He H, Wang F, Yao D, He F, Liu H, Fan Y. Silk fibroin scavenges hydroxyl radicals produced from a long-term stored water-soluble fullerene system. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:769-780. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we find that silk fibroin as an antioxidant is capable of scavenging OH˙ and accelerating the degradation of water-soluble fullerene, which provides further insight into the application of WSF in intratracheal instillation and inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghong Liu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hongping He
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Danyu Yao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfei He
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
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Wang CL, Yang PS, Tsao JT, Jayakumar T, Wang MJ, Sheu JR, Chou DS. Mechanism of free radical generation in platelets and primary hepatocytes: A novel electron spin resonance study. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2061-2069. [PMID: 29138834 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of toxic liver injury and are thought to be involved in cardiac dysfunction in the cirrhotic heart. Therefore, direct evidence for the electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of how D‑galactosamine (GalN), an established experimental hepatotoxic substance, induced free radicals formation in platelets and primary hepatocytes is presented in the present study. ESR results demonstrated that GalN induced hydroxyl radicals (OH•) in a resting human platelet suspension; however, radicals were not produced in a cell free Fenton reaction system. The GalN‑induced OH• formation was significantly inhibited by the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethasin, though it was not affected by the lipoxygenase (LOX) or cytochrome P450 inhibitors, AA861 and 1‑aminobenzotriazole (ABT), in platelets. In addition, the present study demonstrated that baicalein induced semiquinone free radicals in platelets, which were significantly reduced by the COX inhibitor without affecting the formed OH•. In the mouse primary hepatocytes, the formation of arachidonic acid (AA) induced carbon‑centered radicals that were concentration dependently enhanced by GalN. These radicals were inhibited by AA861, though not affected by indomethasin or ABT. In addition, GalN did not induce platelet aggregation prior to or following collagen pretreatment in human platelets. The results of the present study indicated that GalN and baicalein may induce OH• by COX and LOX in human platelets. GalN also potentiated AA induced carbon‑centered radicals in hepatocytes via cytochrome P450. The present study presented the role of free radicals in the pathophysiological association between platelets and hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun-Lang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Min‑Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan 33044, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Po-Sheng Yang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Ting Tsao
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Meng-Jiy Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Duen-Suey Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Song S, Ma X, Zhou Y, Xu M, Shuang S, Dong C. Studies on the interaction between vanillin and β-Amyloid protein via fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-5347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sameena Y, Chandrasekaran S, Israel V.M.V. E. Inclusion complexation between baicalein and β-cyclodextrin and the influence of β-cyclodextrin on the binding of baicalein with DNA: a spectroscopic approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:1395-408. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1082148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf Sameena
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 114, India
| | - Sowrirajan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 114, India
| | - Enoch Israel V.M.V.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Karunya University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 114, India
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Comparison of free radical formation induced by baicalein and pentamethyl-hydroxychromane in human promyelocytic leukemia cells using electron spin resonance. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:379-390. [PMID: 28911429 PMCID: PMC9354873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Baicalein and pentamethyl-hydroxychromane (PMC) have been investigated for use as antioxidants. However, antioxidants may stimulate free radical formation under certain conditions. The aim of our study was to determine whether PMC and baicalein exhibit both pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities in human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. In this study, electron spin resonance spectrometry was used to investigate the effects of baicalein and PMC on free radical formation. In HL-60 cells, baicalein and PMC produced hydroxyl and phenoxyl radicals, respectively, but each inhibited radical formation by the other. The PMC pro-oxidant activity required H2O2, whereas baicalein produced hydroxyl radicals during the cell resting state only. The antioxidant effect of baicalein on PMC-induced oxidative stress in HL-60 cells may involve myeloperoxidase inhibition, which produces the myeloperoxidase-protein radical. Our investigation of the antioxidant effects of baicalein on arachidonic acid (AA)-induced oxidative stress in HL-60 cells showed that the baicalein-phenoxyl radical was the primary product, and that either carbon-centered or acyl radicals were the secondary products. However, the antioxidant effects of PMC on AA-induced oxidative stress produced only nonradical products. In conclusion, we showed that baicalein displayed both pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities in HL-60 cells. PMC exhibited no pro-oxidant activity during the cells’ resting state but produced the PMC-phenoxyl radical in the presence of H2O2. The reaction of baicalein with AA in HL-60 cells produced baicalein-derived phenoxyl radicals that may initiate various pro-oxidative reactions. However, PMC does not produce radicals when it acts as an antioxidant. Thus, PMC is more beneficial as an antioxidant than baicalein.
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Dimitrić Marković JM, Milenković D, Amić D, Mojović M, Pašti I, Marković ZS. The preferred radical scavenging mechanisms of fisetin and baicalein towards oxygen-centred radicals in polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02577f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The flavonoids fisetin and baicalein have been investigated for their ability to scavenge certain anion radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dejan Milenković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center
- 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
| | - Dragan Amić
- Faculty of Agriculture
- The Josip Juraj Strossmayer University
- HR-31107 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miloš Mojović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Igor Pašti
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry
- University of Belgrade
- 11000 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Zoran S. Marković
- Bioengineering Research and Development Center
- 34000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
- Department of Chemical-Technological Sciences
- State University of Novi Pazar
- 36300 Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia
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Evaluation of the antioxidative properties of lipoxygenase inhibitors. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 64:1179-88. [PMID: 23238474 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(12)70914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a component of many pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases and inflammation. An important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are lipoxygenases (LOX) - enzymes responsible for the metabolism of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. LOX inhibitors have a protective effect in inflammatory diseases and in neurodegenerative disorders because of their anti-inflammatory activity. However, the molecular mechanism of the protective action of LOX inhibitors has not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidative potential of widely used LOX inhibitors: BWB70C, AA-861, zileuton, baicalein and NDGA. The antioxidative properties were evaluated in cell-free systems. We measured the effect of the tested compounds on iron/ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation and on carbonyl group formation in the rat brain homogenate. Direct free radical scavenging was analyzed by using DPPH assay. RESULTS Our data showed that the inhibitor of all LOXs, i.e., NDGA, 5-LOX inhibitor BWB70C and the inhibitor of 12/15-LOX, baicalein, significantly decreased the level of lipid and protein oxidation. The free radical scavenging activity of these inhibitors was comparable to known ROS scavengers, i.e., resveratrol and trolox. Zileuton (the inhibitor of 5-LOX) slightly prevented lipid and protein oxidation, it also scavenged the DPPH radical. AA-861 (the inhibitor of 5 and 12/15-LOX) slightly protected lipids against Fe/asc-evoked lipid peroxidation at high concentrations, but had no effect on carbonyl group formation and DPPH scavenging. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that some LOX inhibitors demonstrate potent anti-oxidative, free radical scavenging properties. AA-861, whose antioxidative potential is very weak, may be a specific tool to be used in experimental and perhaps even clinical applications.
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Chang TC, Uen YH, Chou CH, Sheu JR, Chou DS. The role of cyclooxygenase-derived oxidative stress in surgically induced lymphedema in a mouse tail model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:573-580. [PMID: 23373707 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.749923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxidative stress may contribute to lymphedema and subsequent tissue damage. However, the causal role of oxidative stress in lymphedema remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We attempted to detect and identify the free radicals formed in lymphedema fluid and assessed the protective mechanisms and effects of specific enzyme inhibitors and natural antioxidants. MATERIALS AND METHODS To study the level of postsurgical oxidative stress with lymphedema in a mouse tail model, we used an electron spin resonance (ESR) method and an ascorbyl radical's ESR spectrum as an oxidative stress biomarker. The drug-treatment group received an i.p. injection with indomethacin (2 mg/kg), baicalein (15 mg/kg), MK-886 (3 mg/kg), zileuton (6.25 mg/kg), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI; 1 mg/kg), sulforaphane (30 mg/kg), oryzanol (30 mg/kg) or sesamol (30 mg/kg) once daily for 14 d from the day of operation. All animals were sacrificed on day 14. RESULTS Administration of indomethacin, sulforaphane, oryzanol and sesamol significantly suppressed both the tail volume (56.9%, 77.8%, 72.2% and 38.1% inhibition, respectively, p < 0.01) and ascorbyl radical signals (31.4%, 54.5%, 79.3% and 57.1% inhibition, respectively, p < 0.01), compared with the control mice. No significant differences were found between any of the baicalein, MK-886, or zileuton groups compared with the control. DPI suppressed the tail volume (25.9% inhibition, p < 0.01) but not the ascorbyl radical signals. CONCLUSION This study showed that COX-derived oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathological mechanisms of surgically induced lymphedema. Indomethacin, sulforaphane, oryzanol and sesamol exhibit potent protective properties against surgically induced lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chen Chang
- Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Brdarić TP, Marković ZS, Milenković D, Dimitrić Marković JM. A joint application of vibrational spectroscopic and quantum mechanical methods in quantitative analysis of baicalein structure. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Samy RP, Ng CT, Bay BH, Watt F. Carboxylate microsphere-induced cellular toxicity in human lung fibroblasts. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:635-43. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.011310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylate microspheres (CMs) are mainly used in industrial, biomedical and various household products. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxic effects of CMs on human MRC-5 lung fibroblasts by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Oxidative stress was determined by measurements of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) levels and proinflammatory cytokines quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphological changes were examined by light microscopy, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The lung fibroblasts were exposed to increasing concentrations of CMs (0.1–1000 μmol/L) for 24 h. The results showed significant changes in cell morphology with induction of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress observed in 10–1000 μmol/L concentrations of CM-treated fibroblasts. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of CMs inside the cytoplasm of treated lung fibroblasts. CMs also induced elevated interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α levels at higher concentrations. We have demonstrated that CMs significantly reduce cell viability in a dose-dependant manner in lung fibroblasts at 0.1–1000 μmol/L doses. The findings suggest that high doses of CMs have the potential to induce cellular toxicity to the lung in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Perumal Samy
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Department of Microbiology, MD 4 Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
| | - Cheng-Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
| | - Boon-Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore - 117597
| | - Frank Watt
- Centre for Ion Beam Applications (CIBA), Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore- 117542
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AFM and fluorescence spectrascopy investigation for disaggregation of existing Aβ fibrils by baicalein. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dimitrić Marković JM, Marković ZS, Brdarić TP, Pavelkić VM, Jadranin MB. Iron complexes of dietary flavonoids: Combined spectroscopic and mechanistic study of their free radical scavenging activity. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang KT, Chen LG, Chou DS, Liang WL, Wang CC. Anti-Oxidative Abilities of Essential Oils from Atractylodes ovata Rhizome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:204892. [PMID: 21799672 PMCID: PMC3135905 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome of Atractylodes ovata De Candolle is rich in essential oils, which are usually removed by processing. In this study, anti-oxidative abilities of essential oils and aqueous extracts of A. ovata rhizome were explored, and the influence of processing on the anti-oxidative abilities was examined. Essential oils and aqueous extracts of A. ovata were extracted by boiling water and steam distillation, respectively. Quality of these two A. ovata samples was controlled by HPLC and GC-MS system, and anti-oxidative abilities were then evaluated. Results showed that surface color of A. ovata turned to brown and chemical components were changed by processing. Contents of both atractylon and atractylenolide II decreased in the essential oils, but only the contents of atractylon decreased by processing. Atractylenolide III increased in both A. ovata samples. However, A. ovata essential oils displayed stronger anti-oxidative abilities than aqueous extracts in DPPH-scavenging, TBH-induced lipid peroxidation and catalase activity assays. Moreover, the bioactivity of essential oils from raw A. ovata was stronger than oils from processed A. ovata. On the other hand, cytotoxicity of A. ovata essential oils was stronger than that of aqueous extracts, and was more sensitive on H9C2 cell than NIH-3T3 and WI-38 cells. In contrast, stir-frying processing method increased cytotoxicity of essential oils, but the cytotoxicity was ameliorated when processed with assistant substances. The results suggested that phytochemical components and bioactivity of A. ovata were changed after processing and the essential oils from raw A. ovata showed better anti-oxidative and fewer cytotoxicity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Teng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Cao H, Wu D, Wang H, Xu M. Effect of the glycosylation of flavonoids on interaction with protein. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2009; 73:972-5. [PMID: 19493695 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, two flavonoid aglycones (baicalein, quercetin) and their glycosides (baicalin, quercitrin) were studied for their ability to bind protein by quenching the protein intrinsic fluorescence. From the spectra obtained, the bimolecular quenching constants, the apparent static binding constants, and binding sites values were calculated. The glycosylation of flavonoids decreases the binding affinity with protein. For quercetin and quercitrin, the binding constants for BSA were 3.65 x 10(7) and 6.47 x 10(3)L mol(-1), respectively. For baicalein and baicalin, the binding constants were 4.54 x 10(8) and 1.63 x 10(6)L mol(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226007, PR China.
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Chou DS, Hsiao G, Lai YA, Tsai YJ, Sheu JR. Baicalein induces proliferation inhibition in B16F10 melanoma cells by generating reactive oxygen species via 12-lipoxygenase. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1197-203. [PMID: 19439216 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that baicalein induces hydroxyl radical formation in human platelets but the mechanisms are unclear. Herein, we show, using an electron spin resonance technique, that baicalein also induces hydroxyl radical formation in B16F10 melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Baicalein produced superoxide anions in the presence of an iron chelator and superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor. We suggest that superoxide anions produced by baicalein were promptly converted to hydroxyl radicals through SOD and the Fenton reaction in B16F10 melanoma cells. According to Western blotting results, the 12-LOX protein was expressed in B16F10 melanoma cells, but baicalein had no effect on 12-LOX expression. Decreases in 12-LOX protein expression and hydroxyl radical signals occurred in a 12-LOX small interfering RNA knockdown protein group compared with the baicalein control. In the MTT assay, we also found that baicalein caused a reduction in cellular viability, which was reversed by the addition of ROS scavengers. On the basis of these data, we conclude that ROS formation catalyzed by 12-LOX is one possible mechanism of growth inhibition by baicalein in B16F10 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duen-Suey Chou
- Department of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lim KM, Kim JS, Bae ON, Noh JY, Chung SM, Chung KY, Chung JH. Co-oxidation-mediated xenobiotic activation and cytotoxicity by 12-lipoxygenase in intact platelets. Toxicology 2008; 247:154-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yang SF, Yang WE, Kuo WH, Chang HR, Chu SC, Hsieh YS. Antimetastatic potentials of flavones on oral cancer cell via an inhibition of matrix-degrading proteases. Arch Oral Biol 2007; 53:287-94. [PMID: 17936716 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck cancers with a poor prognosis due to frequent lymph node metastasis and local invasion. A growing number of in vitro studies have been conducted on the potential anticancer activity of flavonoids in various cancer cell lines. However, the antimetastatic activities of flavones, one subclass of flavonoids, in human oral squamous carcinoma SCC-4 cells have not been understood clearly. DESIGN The present study investigated the effect of four flavones on invasion and migration of SCC-4 cells to find that 7-hydroxyflavanone, 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavanone, and 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the invasion and migration of SCC-4 cells. RESULTS Results from zymography and Western blot showed that flavones treatment may decrease the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) in a concentration-dependent manner, together with altered expression levels of their endogenous inhibitors, which are tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Furthermore, an in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) intravasation assay was also treated and analysed to reveal the antimetastatic effect. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that 7-hydroxyflavanone, 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavanone, and 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone could be applicable to be a potential antimetastatic agent of SCC-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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