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Yu C, Chen Y, Ahmadi S, Wu D, Wu J, Ding T, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S, Pan H. Goji berry leaf exerts a comparable effect against colitis and microbiota dysbiosis to its fruit in dextran-sulfate-sodium-treated mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:3026-3037. [PMID: 36861301 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02886g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Goji berry and mulberry are both popular berries with anti-colitis effects, but their leaves have received less attention. In this study, the anti-colitis effects of goji berry leaf and mulberry leaf were investigated in dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis C57BL/6N mice compared with their fruits. Goji berry leaf and goji berry reduced colitic symptoms and ameliorated tissue damage, while mulberry leaf did not. ELISA and western blotting analysis suggested that goji berry showed the best performance in inhibiting the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) and improving damaged colonic barrier (occludin and claudin-1). Besides, goji berry leaf and goji berry reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Muribaculaceae, and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria like Bilophila and Lachnoclostridium. Goji berry, mulberry and goji berry leaf could restore acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate to ameliorate inflammation, while mulberry leaf could not restore butyrate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the comparison of the anti-colitis effects of goji berry leaf, mulberry leaf and their fruits, which is meaningful for the rational utilization of goji berry leaf as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Yihao Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Shokouh Ahmadi
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Dongmei Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Jiaxiong Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Tian Ding
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Haibo Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.,Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
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González F, Carelli A, Komarcheuski A, Uana M, do Prado RM, Rossoni D, Gomes M, Vasconcellos R. Yeast Cell Wall Compounds on The Formation of Fermentation Products and Fecal Microbiota in Cats: An In Vivo and In Vitro Approach. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:637. [PMID: 36830424 PMCID: PMC9951743 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of yeast cell wall compounds (YCWs) being added to cat food on hindgut fermentation metabolites and fecal microbiota were assessed in in vivo Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) and in vitro Experiments 2 and 3 (Exp. 2 and 3). In Exp. 1, the cats' diets were supplemented with two dietary concentrations (46.2 and 92.4 ppm) of YCWs (YCW-15 and YCW-30, respectively), and a negative control diet with no compound in three groups (six cats per group) was used to assess the fecal score, pH, digestibility, fermentation products, and microbiota. In Exp. 2, feces from the cats that were not supplemented with YCWs (control) were used as an inoculum. A blend of pectin, amino acids, and cellulose was used as a substrate, and the YCW compound was added at two levels (5 and 10 mg). In Exp. 3, feces from cats fed YCWs were used as an inoculum to test three different substrates (pectin, amino acids, and cellulose). In Exp. 2 and 3, the gas production, pH, and fermentation products (ammonia, SCFAs, and BCFAs) were assessed. YCW-30 resulted in a higher digestibility coefficient of the crude protein, organic matter (OM) (p < 0.05), and energy of the diet (p < 0.10). Regarding the fermentation products, YCW-15 showed a trend toward higher concentrations of propionate, acetate, lactate, ammonia, isobutyrate, and valerate, while YCW-30 showed a trend (p < 0.10) toward higher levels of butyrate and pH values. The bacteroidia class and the genus Prevotella were increased by using YCW-30 and the control. At the gender level, decreased (p < 0.01) Megasphaera was observed with YCW inclusion. The microbiota differed (p < 0.01) among the groups in their Shannon indexes. For beta diversity, YCW-30 showed higher indexes (p = 0.008) than the control. The microbiota metabolic profile differed in the pathway CENTFERM-PWY; it was more expressed in YCW-30 compared to the control. In Exp. 2, the YCWs showed a higher ratio (p = 0.006) of the fermentation products in the treatments with additives with a trend towards a high dose of the additive (10 mg). In Exp. 3, the effects of the substrates (p < 0.001), but not of the YCWs, on the fermentation products were observed, perhaps due to the low dietary concentrations we used. However, the marked responses of the fermentation products to the substrates validated the methodology. We could conclude that the YCWs, even at low dietary concentrations, affected fecal SCFA production, reduced the fecal pH, and modulated the fecal microbiota in the cats. These responses were more pronounced under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando González
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP)—São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 13690-970, Brazil
| | - Amanda Carelli
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Alina Komarcheuski
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Mayara Uana
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolpho Martin do Prado
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo Rossoni
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP)—São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, São Paulo 13690-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vasconcellos
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
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Effect of Different Fiber Sources as Additives to Wet Food for Beagle Dogs on Diet Acceptance, Digestibility, and Fecal Quality. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020091. [PMID: 36851395 PMCID: PMC9967778 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to enhance the health and welfare of obese dogs and to facilitate the required loss of body weight, commercial diets are produced with fibrous ingredients. Cellulose is a common dietary fiber used mainly in powdered form. However, other processing forms and fibers are available as fibrous additives. This work aimed to test the effects of different fiber sources on apparent total tract digestibility and fecal quality in dogs. Four diets were fed to eight dogs (experimental design: 4 × 4 Latin square) for a 14-day period each. In addition to a basal diet (CO), three experimental diets varying in fiber sources were used: powdered cellulose (CE), granulated cellulose (GC), and lignocellulose (LC). Dogs fed the CO had lower crude fiber digestibility than those fed the other experimental diets (p < 0.0033). Dogs fed diets supplemented with fiber sources had lower gross energy digestibility (range: 76.2-77.3%) compared with those fed the CO (84.4%). In all groups, the fecal score (consistency and shape) ranged within the optimal values; solely wet fecal output was increased for the fiber groups compared with those on the CO. This study demonstrated that various sources of fiber such as GC and LC can be used as alternatives to CE without restrictions.
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Mullins E, Bresson J, Dalmay T, Dewhurst IC, Epstein MM, Firbank LG, Guerche P, Hejatko J, Moreno FJ, Naegeli H, Nogué F, Rostoks N, Sánchez Serrano JJ, Savoini G, Veromann E, Veronesi F, Dumont AF, Ardizzone M. Animal dietary exposure in the risk assessment of feed derived from genetically modified plants. EFSA J 2023; 21:e07732. [PMID: 36698485 PMCID: PMC9850603 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA carries out the risk assessment of genetically modified plants for food and feed uses under Regulation (EU) No 503/2013. Exposure assessment - anticipated intake/extend of use shall be an essential element of the risk assessment of genetically modified feeds, as required by Regulation (EU) No 503/2013. Estimates of animal dietary exposure to newly expressed proteins should be determined to cover average consumption across all the different species, age, physiological and productive phases of farmed and companion animals, and identify and consider particular consumer groups with expected higher exposure. This statement is aimed at facilitating the reporting of the information that applicants need to provide on expected animal dietary exposure to newly expressed proteins and to increase harmonisation of the application dossiers to be assessed by the EFSA GMO Panel. Advice is provided on the selection of proper feed consumption and feed concentration data, and on the reporting of exposure's estimates. An overview of the different uncertainties that may be linked to the estimations is provided. This statement also explains how to access an Excel calculator which should be used in future applications as basis to provide a more consistent presentation of estimates of expected animal dietary exposure.
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Kara K, Güçlü BK, Baytok E. The effect of age and processing on the in vitro fermentation of fibrous feedstuffs by labrador retriever dogs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1131-1146. [PMID: 35974262 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibre substances in dog foods are composed of cell wall polysaccharides, non-cellulose polysaccharides, and structural non-polysaccharides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dog age and heat-steam pressure (extruding process) on the in vitro fermentation of fibrous feedstuffs (sugar beet pulp, tomato pomace, wheat bran, corn bran, and rice bran) to be included in dog foods. The fibrous feedstuffs were incubated with a fermentation medium mixture and faeces inoculum, which were collected from two 6 month old (puppy), two 2 year old (adult), and two 8 year old (geriatric) dogs. The in vitro cumulative gas production (at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h), true-organic matter disappearance (T-OMd) (at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h), and molarities of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids; AA, PA, and BA) in fermentation fluid (at 24 h) of fibrous feedstuffs were determined. The extruding process increased the in vitro cumulative gas production of rice bran (at 12, 18, 24, and 48 h) and wheat bran (at 6, 12, 24, and 36 h) (P < 0.05). In addition, in vitro cumulative gas production values of tomato pomace (at 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h) were reduced by the extruding process (P < 0.05). The extruding process increased the in vitro T-OMd values of sugar beet pulp (at 6, 12, and 24 h), wheat and rice bran (at 6 and 12 h), and the molarities of AA, BA, and total SCFA of the in vitro fermentation fluid of sugar beet pulp and wheat bran (P < 0.05). The in vitro cumulative gas production values of tomato pomace from faecal inoculums of the puppy and adult dogs were higher than that of the geriatric dog (P < 0.05). The in vitro T-OMd of sugar beet pulp (at 48 h) and extruded corn bran (at 6 h) with faecal inoculums of adult dog was higher than those of inoculum from puppy faeces (P < 0.05). The molarity of AA of tomato pomace with adult dog's faecal inoculum was higher than those from puppy and geriatric dog (P < 0.05). The molarities of AA, BA, and total SCFA with corn bran from faeces inoculums of the puppy and adult dog was higher than that of the geriatric dog (P < 0.05). The molarities of AA and total SCFA of the in vitro fermentation fluid of extruded rice bran with faecal inoculums from the geriatric dogs was higher than those with faecal inoculums from the puppy and adult dogs (P < 0.05). As a result, the extruding process positively affected the in vitro fermentation values of sugar beet pulp, wheat bran, and rice bran. Furthermore, the organic acid molarities of the in vitro fermentation fluid of extruded rice bran from the geriatric dog was higher than those from the puppy and adult dogs. Sugar beet pulp, tomato pomace, wheat bran, and corn bran can be used as a source of fibre in food for puppy, adult, and geriatric large dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanber Kara
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Berrin Kocaoğlu Güçlü
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erol Baytok
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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KARA K. Comparison of dietary fibre, β-glucan, resistant and non-resistant starch and in vitro digestibility of commercial extruded dry food of adult dogs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/143103/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abd El-Wahab A, Meyer L, Kölln M, Chuppava B, Wilke V, Visscher C, Kamphues J. Insect Larvae Meal ( Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092525. [PMID: 34573490 PMCID: PMC8466710 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect larvae meal has been proposed as a sustainable protein source for animal diets. This study aimed to provide information on including black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) in comparison to poultry meal (PM) in the canine diet with regard to digestibility and fecal characteristics. In light of this trend, the levels of PM or BSFL meal were added to replace about 30% of dry matter of the basic extruded diet. Six Beagle dogs (BW 9.64 kg) were included in a cross-over experiment. Dogs fed a BSFL meal-based diet showed higher (p < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility (82.3%) compared to those offered a PM-based diet (80.5%). Apparent digestibility for fat was higher (p < 0.05) in groups fed the BSFL meal-based diet (94.5%) compared to those offered the PM-based diet (91.6%). The fecal consistency scores for dogs fed both diets were within an acceptable range (well-formed and firm). Fecal dry matter content was higher (p < 0.05) for dogs fed the PM-based diet (33.0%) compared to those offered the BSFL meal-based diet (28.0%). Including BSFL meal in dog food can be an appropriate source of protein without any negative effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (L.M.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (V.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Laura Meyer
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (L.M.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (V.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Mareike Kölln
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (L.M.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (V.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Bussarakam Chuppava
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (L.M.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (V.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (L.M.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (V.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (L.M.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (V.W.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Josef Kamphues
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany; (L.M.); (M.K.); (B.C.); (V.W.); (J.K.)
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Healthy Ageing Is Associated with Preserved or Enhanced Nutrient and Mineral Apparent Digestibility in Dogs and Cats Fed Commercially Relevant Extruded Diets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072127. [PMID: 34359256 PMCID: PMC8300295 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in gastrointestinal function have been reported in companion animals, but the impact on digestive efficiency remains uncertain. Healthy dogs (n = 37; 2.6-14.2 years) received four diets varying in total dietary fibre (TDF; 6-29%, as fed). Healthy cats (n = 28; 1-13 years) received four diets with two fat (10-12%; 17-18%) and TDF (9 and 12%) levels. In a crossover design, diets were provided over four consecutive 10-day cycles, including a 4-day faecal collection. Apparent crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), TDF, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) digestibilities were determined. The effect of age was analysed as a continuous variable in dogs and as differences between adult (1-5 years) and senior (7-13 years) cats. In dogs, EE digestibility was unaffected by age (p > 0.10). Dogs of 6-12 years had higher digestibility of CP (p = 0.032), TDF (p = 0.019), Ca (p = 0.019), and P (p = 0.024) when fed the 6% TDF diet. Senior cats had greater digestibility of TDF (p < 0.01) and Ca (p = 0.024) but had lower EE and CP digestibility with one diet (17% fat; 9%TDF) (age, p > 0.10; diet × age, p < 0.001). Healthy ageing was associated with preserved nutrient digestibility in dogs and cats within the age ranges studied. The effect of ingredient sources in senior cats warrants further investigation.
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Corsato Alvarenga I, Dainton AN, Aldrich CG. A review: nutrition and process attributes of corn in pet foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8567-8576. [PMID: 34078195 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1931020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Corn is one of the largest cereal crops worldwide and plays an important role in the U.S. economy. The pet food market is growing every year, and although corn is well utilized by dogs, some marketing claims have attributed a negative image to this cereal. Thus, the objective of this work was to review the literature regarding corn and its co-products, as well as describe the processing of these ingredients as they pertain to pet foods. Corn is well digested by both dogs and cats and provides nutrients. The processing of corn generates co-products such as corn gluten meal and distillers dried grains with solubles that retain quality protein, and fibrous components that dilute dietary energy. Further, corn has much functionality in extrusion processing. It may yield resistant starch under certain processing conditions, promoting colonic health. Carotenoids in corn may enhance immune support in companion animals if concentrated. Mycotoxin contamination in grains represent a health hazard but are well controlled by safety measures. Genetically modified (GM) corn is still controversial regarding its long-term potential for mutagenicity or carcinogenicity, thus more long-term studies are needed. In conclusion, the negative perception by some in the pet food market may not be warranted in pet foods using corn and its co-products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda N Dainton
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Charles G Aldrich
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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Xin H, Ahmad Khan N, Sun K, Sun F, Ur Rahman S, Fu Q, Li Y, Zhang Y, Hu G. Batch-to-batch variation in protein molecular structures, nutritive value and ruminal metabolism in corn coproducts. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Xin H, Sun F, Sun K, Fu Q, Li Y, Zhang Y, Rahman SU, Khan NA. Batch-to-batch variation in carbohydrates molecular structures, nutritive value and biodegradation characteristics in corn coproducts. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Golder C, Weemhoff JL, Jewell DE. Cats Have Increased Protein Digestibility as Compared to Dogs and Improve Their Ability to Absorb Protein as Dietary Protein Intake Shifts from Animal to Plant Sources. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E541. [PMID: 32213956 PMCID: PMC7143243 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study used 226 dogs and 296 cats to evaluate whether protein absorption was influenced by species, and within species, what influence increasing the percentage of total dietary protein, as plant protein, had on protein absorption. Each food was evaluated by at least one study with a minimum of six dogs or cats assigned to each study. Dietary inclusion of animal and plant based protein was calculated by analysis of ingredients and dietary inclusion level. Both dogs and cats were able to digest dietary plant protein, with protein digestibility in dogs unchanged as plant protein increased, while in cats, eating dry food, an increase in plant protein, was associated with increased protein digestibility. When individual plant high-concentration protein sources (excluding the protein from whole grains) were evaluated (i.e., soybean meal, soybean protein isolate, corn gluten meal, and rice protein concentrate) there was no response to increasing protein from these sources in the dog. In the cat, there was a significant positive effect on protein digestibility associated with an increasing concentration of corn gluten meal. In summary, as the dietary protein shifted from striated muscle and other animal proteins to plant based proteins, there was no effect in the dog, while in cats, increasing dietary plant protein was associated with increasing protein digestibility (5.5% increase at 50% protein from plants in dry cat food). Protein digestibility of food in dogs and cats is similar, if not enhanced, when the plant protein sources are concentrated from soybeans (soybean isolate, soybean meal), corn (corn gluten meal), or rice (rice protein concentrate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Golder
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Inc., Topeka, KS 66603, USA; (C.G.); (J.L.W.)
| | | | - Dennis E. Jewell
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Donadelli RA, Aldrich CG. The effects on nutrient utilization and stool quality of Beagle dogs fed diets with beet pulp, cellulose, and Miscanthus grass12. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4134-4139. [PMID: 31414126 PMCID: PMC6776306 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs can benefit from dietary fibers. Traditionally, cellulose (CE) and beet pulp (BP) have been used by pet food companies as insoluble and soluble fiber sources. Miscanthus grass (MG) is a novel fiber ingredient made from Miscanthus giganteus, a C4 grass produced for its fiber content, but it has not been evaluated for dogs. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of different fiber sources on nutrient utilization and stool consistency by dogs. Twelve Beagle dogs were fed 3 dietary treatments varying in their fiber sources (BP, CE, MG). Diets were fed for a 14-d period (9 d adaptation), fecal samples were collected (5 d total fecal collection) and scored. Nutrient digestibility was estimated using total fecal collection (TFC). Dogs fed BP diet had softer stools than dogs fed CE and MG (3.15 vs. 3.68 and 3.64, respectively). Wet fecal output was higher for dogs fed CE compared to MG, with dogs fed BP having the lowest values (254.3 g vs. 241.6 g vs. 208.5 g, respectively). Dogs fed CE and MG had lower DM digestibility than dogs fed BP (P < 0.05), dogs fed BP had lower CP digestibility compared with dogs fed MG and CE (81.4% vs. 85.5% and 85.8%, respectively). In conclusion, MG could be used as an alternative fiber source to CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan A Donadelli
- Grain Science and Industry Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Charles G Aldrich
- Grain Science and Industry Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
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14
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Pires JDM, Ferreira LG, Saad FMDOB, Zangeronimo MG, Bueno ICDS, Carneiro ADDS, Corrêa GF, Parisi G, Brandi RA. Replacing wheat bran by corn gluten feed without steep water in complete dog food. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1335183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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15
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Biagi G, Cipollini I, Grandi M, Pinna C, Vecchiato CG, Zaghini G. A newin vitromethod to evaluate digestibility of commercial diets for dogs. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1222242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Ai Y, Jane JL. Macronutrients in Corn and Human Nutrition. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:581-598. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Ai
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Michigan State Univ; East Lansing MI 48824 U.S.A
| | - Jay-lin Jane
- Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Iowa State Univ; Ames IA 50011 U.S.A
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17
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de Godoy MRC, Knapp BK, Parsons CM, Swanson K, Fahey GC. In vitro hydrolytic digestion, glycemic response in dogs, and true metabolizable energy content of soluble corn fibers. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2447-57. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. C. de Godoy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
| | - B. K. Knapp
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
| | - C. M. Parsons
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
| | - K.S. Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
| | - George C. Fahey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801
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18
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de Godoy MRC, Kerr KR, Fahey GC. Alternative dietary fiber sources in companion animal nutrition. Nutrients 2013; 5:3099-117. [PMID: 23925042 PMCID: PMC3775244 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The US has a pet population of approximately 70 million dogs and 74 million cats. Humans have developed a strong emotional bond with companion animals. As a consequence, pet owners seek ways to improve health, quality of life and longevity of their pets. Advances in canine and feline nutrition have contributed to improved longevity and well-being. Dietary fibers have gained renewed interest in the pet food industry, due to their important role in affecting laxation and stool quality. More recently, because of increased awareness of the beneficial effects of dietary fibers in health, as well as the popularity of functional foods and holistic and natural diets, alternative and novel carbohydrates have become widespread in human and pet nutrition. Fiber sources from cereal grains, whole grains and fruits have received increasing attention by the pet food industry and pet owners. While limited scientific information is available on the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of alternative fiber sources, studies indicate that corn fiber is an efficacious fiber source for pets, showing no detrimental effects on palatability or nutrient digestibility, while lowering the glycemic response in adult dogs. Fruit fiber and pomaces have good water-binding properties, which may be advantageous in wet pet food production, where a greater water content is required, along with low water activity and a firm texture of the final product. Rice bran is a palatable fiber source for dogs and may be an economical alternative to prebiotic supplementation of pet foods. However, it increases the dietary requirement of taurine in cats. Barley up to 40% in a dry extruded diet is well tolerated by adult dogs. In addition, consumption of complex carbohydrates has shown a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress. Alternative fiber sources are suitable ingredients for pet foods. They have been shown to be nutritionally adequate and to have potential nutraceutical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R C de Godoy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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19
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Kawauchi I, Sakomura N, Vasconcellos R, de-Oliveira L, Gomes M, Loureiro B, Carciofi A. Digestibility and metabolizable energy of maize gluten feed for dogs as measured by two different techniques. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Ogué-Bon E, Khoo C, Hoyles L, McCartney AL, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. In vitro fermentation of rice bran combined with Lactobacillus acidophilus 14 150B or Bifidobacterium longum 05 by the canine faecal microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 75:365-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.01014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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21
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Rose DJ, Inglett GE, Liu SX. Utilisation of corn (Zea mays) bran and corn fiber in the production of food components. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2010; 90:915-924. [PMID: 20355130 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The milling of corn for the production of food constituents results in a number of low-value co-products. Two of the major co-products produced by this operation are corn bran and corn fiber, which currently have low commercial value. This review focuses on current and prospective research surrounding the utilization of corn fiber and corn bran in the production of potentially higher-value food components. Corn bran and corn fiber contain potentially useful components that may be harvested through physical, chemical or enzymatic means for the production of food ingredients or additives, including corn fiber oil, corn fiber gum, cellulosic fiber gels, xylo-oligosaccharides and ferulic acid. Components of corn bran and corn fiber may also be converted to food chemicals such as vanillin and xylitol. Commercialization of processes for the isolation or production of food products from corn bran or corn fiber has been met with numerous technical challenges, therefore further research that improves the production of these components from corn bran or corn fiber is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin J Rose
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA, ARS, 1815 N University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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22
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Ogué-Bon E, Gibson GR, Rastall RA. The application of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in companion animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1616/1476-2137.15841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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