1
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Yang S, Yang F, Dou W, Chi Y, Chi Y. Testing adulterated liquid-egg: developing rapid detection techniques based on colorimetry, electrochemistry, and interfacial fingerprinting. Food Chem 2024; 444:138674. [PMID: 38335687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
To develop rapid detection techniques for liquid eggs' adulteration, three types of adulterations were considered: water dilution, manipulation of yolk ratio in whole egg, and blending different varieties of egg white or yolk. Objective: Establish detection techniques utilizing colorimetry, electrochemistry, and interfacial fingerprinting for these adulterations, respectively. Results: Colorimetry allows for detection (1 min·sample-1) of water dilution through linear (R2 ≥ 0.984) and exponential fitting (R2 ≥ 0.992); Electrochemistry enables detection (6 min·sample-1, R2 ≥ 0.979) of the adulteration of yolk ratio in whole egg; Interfacial fingerprinting technique effectively detects (detection duration: 10 min·sample-1, detection limit: 1.0-10.0 wt%) the adulteration of different varieties of egg white. Subsequently, through 3D-fluorescence microscopy (interface height variation: 22.49-573.45 μm), interfacial tension variation (65.54-35.48 mN·m-1), contact angle variation (89.7°-32.9°), particle size range (free water: 0.94-14.29 μm; protein aggregation: 6.57-10.76 μm), and etc., interfacial fingerprinting mechanism was elucidated. This research contributes novel insights into the detection of adulteration in liquid eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Fuming Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Wenhao Dou
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yuan Chi
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yujie Chi
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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2
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Mechanisms and Health Aspects of Food Adulteration: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12010199. [PMID: 36613416 PMCID: PMC9818512 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Food adulteration refers to the alteration of food quality that takes place deliberately. It includes the addition of ingredients to modify different properties of food products for economic advantage. Color, appearance, taste, weight, volume, and shelf life are such food properties. Substitution of food or its nutritional content is also accomplished to spark the apparent quality. Substitution with species, protein content, fat content, or plant ingredients are major forms of food substitution. Origin misrepresentation of food is often practiced to increase the market demand of food. Organic and synthetic compounds are added to ensure a rapid effect on the human body. Adulterated food products are responsible for mild to severe health impacts as well as financial damage. Diarrhea, nausea, allergic reaction, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc., are frequently observed illnesses upon consumption of adulterated food. Some adulterants have shown carcinogenic, clastogenic, and genotoxic properties. This review article discusses different forms of food adulteration. The health impacts also have been documented in brief.
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3
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Das A, Chadha R, Chalke B, Maiti N. Gold nanoparticle based colorimetric and Raman “turn-off” sensing of melamine in milk. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Caldara M, Lowdon JW, Royakkers J, Peeters M, Cleij TJ, Diliën H, Eersels K, van Grinsven B. A Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Thermal Sensor for the Selective Detection of Melamine in Milk Samples. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182906. [PMID: 36141032 PMCID: PMC9498381 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, melamine-sensing technologies have increasingly gained attention, mainly due to the misuse of the molecule as an adulterant in milk and other foods. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are ideal candidates for the recognition of melamine in real-life samples. The prepared MIP particles were incorporated into a thermally conductive layer via micro-contact deposition and its response towards melamine was analyzed using the heat-transfer method (HTM). The sensor displayed an excellent selectivity when analyzing the thermal response to other chemicals commonly found in foods, and its applicability in food safety was demonstrated after evaluation in untreated milk samples, demonstrating a limit of detection of 6.02 μM. As the EU/US melamine legal limit in milk of 2.5 mg/kg falls within the linear range of the sensor, it can offer an innovative solution for routine screening of milk samples in order to detect adulteration with melamine. The results shown in this work thus demonstrate the great potential of a low-cost thermal platform for the detection of food adulteration in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Caldara
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Joseph W. Lowdon
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Royakkers
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Peeters
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas J. Cleij
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne Diliën
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Eersels
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Grinsven
- Sensor Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Thangaraju S, Modupalli N, Natarajan V. Food Adulteration and Its Impacts on Our Health/Balanced Nutrition. Food Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119792130.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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6
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Fighting food frauds exploiting chromatography-mass spectrometry technologies: Scenario comparison between solutions in scientific literature and real approaches in place in industrial facilities. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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7
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Comparison of visual detection of melamine by AuNPs sol prepared in marine and terrestrial plant extracts. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Zhan J, Shi XZ, Xu XW, Cao GZ, Chen XF. Generic and rapid determination of low molecular weight organic chemical contaminants in protein powder by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1138:121967. [PMID: 31931332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.121967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, simple, and generic analytical method that could simultaneously determine 291 undesirable low molecular weight chemical contaminants from different drug families in protein powder, such as veterinary drugs and pesticides, etc, had been developed. This method comprised the extraction with acetonitrile-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), clean-up through dispersive solid phase extraction (D-SPE) and low temperature filtration, and analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry at multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Acetonitrile-DMSO was more generic than acetonitrile or methanol for the extraction of large-scale organic chemical contaminants with different polarities in protein powder. Most interferences in the extract were eliminated by the combination of D-SPE and low temperature filtration, which simultaneously provided satisfactory recoveries of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic analytes. In particular, besides the purification function, the sorbent of D-SPE also played an important role in grinding samples to improve extraction efficiency during homogenization. This streamlined approach allowed the processes of extraction and the main purification were carried out in one-step, and dramatically reduced sample preparation turnaround times and solvent consumption. For quantification, matrix-fortified calibration curves showed competent linearity for most of the target compounds with linear regression coefficients (r) higher than 0.9900, except for two analytes. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 μg/kg to 50 μg/kg, which was usually sufficient to verify the compliance of products with legal tolerances. The average recoveries for spiked protein powder ranged from 65.6% to 142.2% with associated RSD values between 0.5% and 28.5%. For over 90% of the analytes, the recoveries were between 70% and 120% with RSD values in the range of 1%-15%. Applying this method in routine monitoring programs would drastically reduce both effort and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhan
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China.
| | - Xi-Zhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315832, PR China.
| | - Xu-Wen Xu
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Guo-Zhou Cao
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315832, PR China
| | - Xian-Feng Chen
- Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo 315012, China
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9
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A highly sensitive competitive immunosensor based on branched polyethyleneimine functionalized reduced graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles modified electrode for detection of melamine. Food Chem 2020; 304:125397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Bao X, Liu J, Zheng Q, Pei W, Yang Y, Dai Y, Tu T. Visual recognition of melamine in milk via selective metallo-hydrogel formation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Mehwish N, Kousar A, Dang-i AY, Huang J, Dou X, Feng C. Molecular recognition of melamine and cyanuric acid by C2-symmetric phenylalanine based supramolecular hydrogels. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Sheng Y, You Y, Cao Z, Liu L, Wu HC. Rapid and selective DNA-based detection of melamine using α-hemolysin nanopores. Analyst 2018; 143:2411-2415. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00580j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid and selective approach for the detection of melamine based on simple DNA probes and α-hemolysin nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing and Food Safety Inspection
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
| | - Yi You
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing and Food Safety Inspection
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
| | - Zhong Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/nano Bio-sensing and Food Safety Inspection
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Protection for Electric Power and Transportation
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering
- Changsha University of Science and Technology
- Changsha 410114
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
| | - Hai-Chen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100049
- China
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13
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Cantú R, Shoemaker JA, Kelty CA, Wymer LJ, Behymer TD, Dufour AP, Magnuson ML. Integrated preservation and sample clean up procedures for studying water ingestion by recreational swimmers via urinary biomarker determination. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 982:104-111. [PMID: 28734349 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of cyanuric acid as a biomarker for ingestion of swimming pool water may lead to quantitative knowledge of the volume of water ingested during swimming, contributing to a better understanding of disease resulting from ingestion of environmental contaminants. When swimming pool water containing chlorinated cyanurates is inadvertently ingested, cyanuric acid is excreted quantitatively within 24 h as a urinary biomarker of ingestion. Because the volume of water ingested can be quantitatively estimated by calculation from the concentration of cyanuric acid in 24 h urine samples, a procedure for preservation, cleanup, and analysis of cyanuric acid was developed to meet the logistical demands of large scale studies. From a practical stand point, urine collected from swimmers cannot be analyzed immediately, given requirements of sample collection, shipping, handling, etc. Thus, to maintain quality control to allow confidence in the results, it is necessary to preserve the samples in a manner that ensures as quantitative analysis as possible. The preservation and clean-up of cyanuric acid in urine is complicated because typical approaches often are incompatible with the keto-enol tautomerization of cyanuric acid, interfering with cyanuric acid sample preparation, chromatography, and detection. Therefore, this paper presents a novel integration of sample preservation, clean-up, chromatography, and detection to determine cyanuric acid in 24 h urine samples. Fortification of urine with cyanuric acid (0.3-3.0 mg/L) demonstrated accuracy (86-93% recovery) and high reproducibility (RSD < 7%). Holding time studies in unpreserved urine suggested sufficient cyanuric acid stability for sample collection procedures, while longer holding times suggested instability of the unpreserved urine. Preserved urine exhibited a loss of around 0.5% after 22 days at refrigerated storage conditions of 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cantú
- US Department of Homeland Security, Customs and Border Protection, Southwest Regional Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jody A Shoemaker
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Catherine A Kelty
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Larry J Wymer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas D Behymer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Alfred P Dufour
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew L Magnuson
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Homeland Security Research Center, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
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14
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Fry H, Mietle K, Mähnert E, Zinke S, Schwieters M, Pydde E, Preiß-Weigert A. Interlaboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1320-1332. [PMID: 28332413 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1307527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Melamine and cyanuric acid have been mixed illegally into food and feed to increase the nitrogen content, which results in deceptively high protein contents. As a consequence, a maximum level for melamine of 2.5 mg kg-1 feed was established by the European Union under Directive 2002/32/EC. The Technical Committee (TC) 327 of the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) commissioned the standardisation of a method for the analysis of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed. One main task in the standardisation process is the performance of a full international collaborative trial, which is described in this paper. After performing a pre-trial study, in the main study eight different feed samples with different concentration levels of melamine and/or cyanuric acid were distributed as double-blind samples to 13 participants. The minimum criterion of eight laboratories submitting results per sample is fulfilled for melamine but only partly for cyanuric acid. The evaluation showed for both analytes a Horwitz ratio (HorRat) well below 2, and meets the requirements stated in the appropriate international protocols. The results demonstrated that the method seems to be suitable for the analysis of melamine and cyanuric acid in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildburg Fry
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Kerstin Mietle
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Eileen Mähnert
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Sebastian Zinke
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Mandy Schwieters
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Emanuele Pydde
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
| | - Angelika Preiß-Weigert
- a Department Safety in the Food Chain , Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , Berlin , Germany
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15
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Gu C, Lan T, Shi H, Lu Y. Portable Detection of Melamine in Milk Using a Personal Glucose Meter Based on an in Vitro Selected Structure-Switching Aptamer. Anal Chem 2015. [PMID: 26200202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melamine detection in milk and other foods has attracted much attention since the discovery that melamine-adulterated food causes severe kidney damage. Although many methods have been developed to detect melamine, few methods can provide quantitative results using an affordable and portable device that is suitable for home use or field application. To achieve this goal, we herein report the first in vitro selection of a melamine responsive aptamer using a structure-switching method. A personal glucose meter (PGM) based melamine sensor was designed and subsequently tested using the newly isolated aptamer. Conversion of melamine concentration to glucose amount was achieved by including an invertase-conjugated DNA that is complementary to part of the aptamer. Melamine binding triggers the release of the invertase-DNA conjugate, which hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose. The glucose produced is then measured directly using an off-the-shelf PGM. The described sensor shows high selectivity for melamine against several closely related melamine analogues, such as cyanuric acid, ammeline, and ammelide, and has low detection limits of 0.33 μM (or 41.1 ppb) in buffer and 0.53 μM (or 67.5 ppb) in 80% whole milk without any pretreatment. The detection limits meet the threshold of 2.5 ppm for non-infant-formula products and 1 ppm for melamine in infant milk products as defined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition to the PGM sensor demonstrated here, the same aptamer can be converted into other types of sensors with different signal outputs, allowing portable detection of melamine under a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Gu
- †State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | | | - Hanchang Shi
- †State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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16
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Chu CY, Wang CC. Toxicity of melamine: the public health concern. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:342-386. [PMID: 24171438 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.844758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Melamine contamination in food has resulted in sickness and deaths of human infants, pets, and farm animals in the past decade. The majority of the victims suffered from acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. Since then, animal studies have revealed the possible target organs of the melamine toxicity and the extent of the adverse effects of the contaminant. State-of-the-art analytical methods have been developed to achieve the "zero tolerance" aim for such economically motivated adulteration. These studies provide in-depth understanding of the melamine toxicity and promising analytical methods, which can help us safeguard our dairy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
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17
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Sun F, Liu L, Ma W, Xu C, Wang L, Kuang H. Rapid on-site determination of melamine in raw milk by an immunochromatographic strip. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.02998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Koh G, Chia RSC, Lin Q, Cheow PS, Teo TL, Lee TK. Determination of melamine in milk powder using gas chromatography-high-resolution isotope dilution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3043-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Workman
- Unity Scientific LLC, 117 Old State Rd., Brookfield, Connecticut 06804, and United States National University, 11255 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Barry Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ray Chrisman
- Atodyne Technologies, L.L.C., 4699 Pontiac Trail, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Mel Koch
- Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Ma Y, Niu H, Zhang X, Cai Y. One-step synthesis of silver/dopamine nanoparticles and visual detection of melamine in raw milk. Analyst 2011; 136:4192-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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