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Jelinski NA, Broz K, Jonkers W, Ma LJ, Kistler HC. Effector Gene Suites in Some Soil Isolates of Fusarium oxysporum Are Not Sufficient Predictors of Vascular Wilt in Tomato. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:842-851. [PMID: 28323535 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-16-0437-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Seventy-four Fusarium oxysporum soil isolates were assayed for known effector genes present in an F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 tomato wilt strain (FOL MN-25) obtained from the same fields in Manatee County, Florida. Based on the presence or absence of these genes, four haplotypes were defined, two of which represented 96% of the surveyed isolates. These two most common effector haplotypes contained either all or none of the assayed race 3 effector genes. We hypothesized that soil isolates with all surveyed effector genes, similar to FOL MN-25, would be pathogenic toward tomato, whereas isolates lacking all effectors would be nonpathogenic. However, inoculation experiments revealed that presence of the effector genes alone was not sufficient to ensure pathogenicity on tomato. Interestingly, a nonpathogenic isolate containing the full suite of unmutated effector genes (FOS 4-4) appears to have undergone a chromosomal rearrangement yet remains vegetatively compatible with FOL MN-25. These observations confirm the highly dynamic nature of the F. oxysporum genome and support the conclusion that pathogenesis among free-living populations of F. oxysporum is a complex process. Therefore, the presence of effector genes alone may not be an accurate predictor of pathogenicity among soil isolates of F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Jelinski
- First author: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul 55108; second and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul 55108; third author: Bejo Zaden BV, Trambaan 1, 1749CZ Warmenhuizen, The Netherlands; and fourth author: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst 01003
| | - Karen Broz
- First author: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul 55108; second and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul 55108; third author: Bejo Zaden BV, Trambaan 1, 1749CZ Warmenhuizen, The Netherlands; and fourth author: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst 01003
| | - Wilfried Jonkers
- First author: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul 55108; second and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul 55108; third author: Bejo Zaden BV, Trambaan 1, 1749CZ Warmenhuizen, The Netherlands; and fourth author: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst 01003
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- First author: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul 55108; second and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul 55108; third author: Bejo Zaden BV, Trambaan 1, 1749CZ Warmenhuizen, The Netherlands; and fourth author: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst 01003
| | - H Corby Kistler
- First author: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul 55108; second and fifth authors: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, 1551 Lindig Street, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Saint Paul 55108; third author: Bejo Zaden BV, Trambaan 1, 1749CZ Warmenhuizen, The Netherlands; and fourth author: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst 01003
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Rafi S, Shoaib A, Awan ZA, Rizvi NB, Nafisa, Shafiq M. Chromium tolerance, oxidative stress response, morphological characteristics, and FTIR studies of phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:207-219. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0489-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Zhang X, Lin L, Chen M, Zhu Z, Yang W, Chen B, Yang X, An Q. A nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain enhances phytoextraction of heavy metals by the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 229-230:361-370. [PMID: 22749969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Low biomass and shallow root systems limit the application of heavy metal phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators. Plant growth-promoting microbes may enhance hyperaccumulators'phytoextraction. A heavy metal-resistant fungus belonged to the Fusarium oxysporum complex was isolated from the Zn/Cd co-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance grown in a Pb/Zn mined area. This Fusarium fungus was not pathogenic to plants but promoted host growth. Hydroponic experiments showed that 500 μM Zn(2+) or 50 μM Cd(2+) combined with the fungus increased root length, branches, and surface areas, enhanced nutrient uptake and chlorophyll synthesis, leading to more vigorous hyperaccumulators with greater root systems. Soil experiments showed that the fungus increased root and shoot biomass and S. alfredii-mediated heavy metal availabilities, uptake, translocation or concentrations, and thus increased phytoextraction of Zn (144% and 44%), Cd (139% and 55%), Pb (84% and 85%) and Cu (63% and 77%) from the original Pb/Zn mined soil and a multi-metal contaminated paddy soil. Together, the nonpathogenic Fusarium fungus was able to increase S. alfredii root systems and function, metal availability and accumulation, plant biomass, and thus phytoextraction efficiency. This study showed a great application potential for culturable indigenous fungi other than symbiotic mycorrhizas to enhance the phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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