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Wang XC, Shen XY, Chen L, Wei R, Wei MY, Gu CH, Xu RR, Ding SQ, Pan B. Preparation, characterization, and anticancer effects of an inclusion complex of coixol with β-cyclodextrin polymers. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:2294331. [PMID: 38126136 PMCID: PMC10763830 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2294331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coix [Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. mayuen (Roman.) Stapf (Poaceae)], a crop of medicinal and edible significance, contains coixol, which has demonstrated anticancer properties. However, the limited solubility of coixol restricts its potential therapeutic applications. OBJECTIVE This study prepared a water-soluble coixol-β-cyclodextrin polymer (CDP) inclusion compound and evaluated its anticancer effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS The coixol-CDP compound was synthesized through a solvent-stirring and freeze-drying technique. Its coixol content was quantified using HPLC, and its stability was tested under various conditions. The anticancer effects of the coixol-CDP compound (4.129, 8.259, 16.518, and 33.035 mg/L for 24, 48, and 72 h) on the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells were evaluated using an MTT assay; cell morphology was examined by Hoechst nuclear staining; apoptosis and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry; and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins was assessed by Western blots. RESULTS The water-soluble coixol-CDP inclusion compound was successfully prepared with an inclusion ratio of 86.6% and an inclusion yield rate of 84.1%. The coixol content of the compound was 5.63% and the compound remained stable under various conditions. Compared to coixol alone, all 24, 48, and 72 h administrations with the coixol-CDP compound exhibited lower IC50 values (33.93 ± 2.28, 16.80 ± 1.46, and 6.93 ± 0.83 mg/L) in A549 cells; the compound also showed stronger regulatory effects on apoptosis-related proteins. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS These findings offer a new perspective for the potential clinical application of Coix in NSCLC therapy and its future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Chen Wang
- Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Tongzhou People’s Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Rong Wei
- Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Wei
- Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Taixing, China
| | - Cai-Hong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, China
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Khadem S, Marles RJ. Natural 3,4-Dihydro-2(1 H)-quinolinones - part III: biological activities. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38795182 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2357663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have played a crucial role in drug discovery, but their development is hindered by challenges such as inadequate availability and complex synthesis methods. However, both natural and synthetic compounds that have the core structure of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone, also known as 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (2O-THQ), display a diverse array of effects in both central and peripheral tissues, with some showing therapeutic potential in treating various disorders. Despite the significance of this family of compounds, the current literature lacks comprehensive coverage of their biological functions. This article aims to address this gap by extensively reviewing the biological activities of 2O-THQ alkaloids from diverse organisms and exploring their potential to serve as a source of innovative bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Khadem
- Safe Environments Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robin J Marles
- Retired Senior Scientific Advisor, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Liu S, Yang YC, Yang YQ, Li X, Wang P, Li YL, Deng J. Asymmetric Tandem Michael Addition/Interrupted Nef Reactions of Nitromethane with Oxindole-Derived Alkenes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro-polycyclic Oxindoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:3279-3283. [PMID: 38578864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Chiral spiro-polycyclic oxindoles are valuable heterocyclic ring systems that are widely distributed in natural alkaloids and biologically active compounds. Herein, we reported an asymmetric tandem Michael addition/interrupted Nef reaction of nitromethane with oxindole-derived alkenes catalyzed by a chiral 2-aminobenzimidazole bifunctional organocatalyst. A series of novel enantiomerically enriched spiro-polycyclic oxindole derivatives bearing an oxime group were synthesized in moderate to excellent isolated yields (up to 99%) with an excellent level of enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). Furthermore, the antiproliferation activity of the resulting oxindoles derivatives were evaluated, and compound 2d demonstrated promising anticancer properties against HCT116 (IC50 = 14.08 μM) and HT29 (IC50 = 15.46 μM) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengshu Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yu-Chen Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yong-Qi Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta 30322, Georgia, United States
| | - Jun Deng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Chaudhari SS, Nichinde CB, Patil BR, Girase AS, Rama Krishna G, Kinage AK. Base controlled rongalite-mediated reductive aldol/cyclization and dimerization of isatylidene malononitriles/cyanoacetates. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1727-1732. [PMID: 38318869 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01794j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel methodology involving a base-controlled, rongalite-mediated reductive/aldol reaction, followed by cyclization of isatylidene malononitriles/cyanoacetates, resulting in the synthesis of spiro[2,3-dihydrofuran-3,3'-oxindole]. Additionally, we have disclosed a rongalite-mediated dimerization process for isatylidene malononitriles, yielding dispiro[cyclopent-3'-ene]bisoxindole. The utilization of rongalite in this reaction serves a dual purpose, acting both as a reducing agent and a C1 synthon. The developed approach has several advantages like a simple reaction setup, a wide substrate scope, requiring less time, using water as a green solvent, no metal or catalyst is required and products can be easily isolated via filtration with excellent yields under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakant S Chaudhari
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 410008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Chandrakant B Nichinde
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 410008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Baliram R Patil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 410008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Amardipsing S Girase
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 410008, India.
| | - Gamidi Rama Krishna
- Organic Chemistry Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National, Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune 411008, India
| | - Anil K Kinage
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 410008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Li H, Peng L, Yin F, Fang J, Cai L, Zhang C, Xiang Z, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Sheng H, Wang D, Zhang X, Liang Z. Research on Coix seed as a food and medicinal resource, it's chemical components and their pharmacological activities: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117309. [PMID: 37858750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Romanet du Caillaud) Stapf is a plant of the genus Coix in the Gramineae family. Coix seed is cultivated in various regions throughout China. In recent years, with the research on the medicinal value of Coix seed, it has received more and more widespread attention from people. Numerous pharmacological effects of Coix seed have been demonstrated through modern pharmacological studies, such as hypoglycemia, improving liver function, anti-tumor, regulating intestinal microbiota, improving spleen function, and anti-inflammatory effects. AIMS OF THE STUDY This article is a literature review. In recent years, despite the extensive research on Coix seed, there has yet to be a comprehensive review of its traditional usage, medicinal resources, chemical components, and pharmacological effects is still lacking. To fill this gap, the paper provides an overview of the latest research progress on Coix seed, aiming to offer guidance and references for its further development and comprehensive utilization. MATERIAL AND METHODS To gather information on the traditional usage, phytochemical ingredients, and pharmacological properties of Coix seed, we conducted a literature search using both Chinese and English languages in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Springer. RESULTS This article is a literature review. The chemical constituents of Coix seed include various fatty acids, esters, polysaccharides, sterols, alkaloids, triterpenes, tocopherols, lactams, lignans, phenols, flavonoids and other constituents. Modern pharmacological research has indeed shown that Coix seed has many pharmacological effects and is a natural anti-tumor drug. In addition to its anti-tumor effect, it also has pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemia, improving liver function, regulating intestinal microbiota, improving spleen function, and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a brief overview of the traditional uses, biotechnological applications, chemical components, and pharmacological effects of Coix seed. It highlights the importance of establishing quality standards, discovering new active ingredients, and exploring pharmacological mechanisms in Coix seed research. The article also emphasizes the significance of clinical trials, toxicology studies, pharmacokinetics data, and multidisciplinary collaboration for further advancements in this field. Overall, it aims to enhance understanding of Coix seed and its potential in pharmaceutical development and wellness products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lingxia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Feng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiahao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lietao Cai
- R&D Center of Kanglaite, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | | | - Zheng Xiang
- Medical School, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Lab Breeding Base Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shuifeng Zhang
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., LTD, Hanghzou, 310018, China
| | - Huadong Sheng
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Fangyuan Test Group Co., LTD, Hanghzou, 310018, China
| | - Dekai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Yin X, Zhu WQ, Zhou YQ, Hu RH, Wei X, Feng TT, Zhou Y. Two new amides from the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:3499-3504. [PMID: 35707908 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2089669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the seeds of Coix lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi resulted in the isolation of eight compounds, including two new structures, coixdines A-B (1-2) and six known compounds (3-8). The structures of these compounds were determined by 1 D and 2 D NMR spectra referring to the literatures, together with HR-MS analysis. Coixdine A and B are first examples of spermidine skeleton in genus Coix. In the present paper, all compounds were evaluated for the cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines (CT-26 and BxPC-3) in vitro, and none of the compounds exhibited obvious cytotoxic activity. The present investigation suggests that these amides seem to be of great chemotaxonomic value for C. lacryma-jobi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Qian Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Research Center for Application and Development of Medicine and Food Dual-use Resources, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Research Center for Application and Development of Medicine and Food Dual-use Resources, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Rui-Hang Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
- Research Center for Application and Development of Medicine and Food Dual-use Resources, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, P. R. China
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7
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Phytochemical investigation on Raphanus sativus L. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Tang W, Wang J, Li W, Zhang C, Li P, Chen J. Changes in Triacylglycerols Content and Quality Control Implications of Coix Seeds during Processing and Storage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162462. [PMID: 36010462 PMCID: PMC9407508 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coix seed is a kind of widespread cereal, and it is used as a folk medicine in China. The present work focuses on the analysis of changes in triacylglycerols (TAGs) content and mycotoxins of coix seed during the processing and storage period for its quality control. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light-scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) techniques, 42 lipid components in coix seeds were identified, and seven molecular species of TAG in coix seeds from different localities in China were measured and compared, respectively. A correlation analysis between the morphological features and TAGs contents revealed the integrity instead of the particle size of the seed, displaying a highly positive correlation with its quality. The higher contents of TAGs in hulled coix seed than in polished coix seed proposed an alternative processing way. During storage, the changes in TAGs contents of seeds indicated that the storage period should be less than 3 months, and the intact seeds could maintain lipid stability better than the powder. Furthermore, the air humidity and temperature should be controlled during coix seed storage to prevent the production of mycotoxins. These results provide significant insight into the effective control of coix seed quality during processing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Zhejiang Kanglaite Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (J.C.)
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Matsuo BT, Oliveira PHR, Pissinati EF, Vega KB, de Jesus IS, Correia JTM, Paixao M. Photoinduced carbamoylation reactions: unlocking new reactivities towards amide synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8322-8339. [PMID: 35843219 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of amide-containing compounds is among the most interesting and challenging topics for the synthetic community. Such relevance is given by their reactive aspects explored in the context of organic synthesis and by the direct application of these compounds as pharmaceuticals and useful materials, and their key roles in biological structures. A simple and straightforward strategy for the amide moiety installation is the use of carbamoyl radicals - this nucleophilic one-electron intermediate is prone to undergo a series of transformations, providing a range of structurally relevant derivatives. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the field from the perspective of photoinduced protocols. To this end, their synthetic applications are organized accordingly to the nature of the radical precursor (formamides through HAT, 4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridines, oxamic acids, and N-hydroxyphthalimido esters), the mechanistic aspects also being highlighted. The discussion also includes a recent approach proceeding via photolytic C-S cleavage of dithiocarbamate-carbamoyl intermediates. By exploring fundamental concepts, this material aims to offer an understanding of the topic, which will encourage and facilitate the design of new synthetic strategies applying the carbamoyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca T Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil. .,Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Pedro H R Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Kimberly B Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Iva S de Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Paixao
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Molecular Action Mechanism of Coixol from Soft-Shelled Adlay on Tyrosinase: The Future of Cosmetics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144626. [PMID: 35889498 PMCID: PMC9325028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen L. Gramineae is widely cultivated in Taiwan. Literature regarding the molecular action mechanism of coixol on tyrosinase and the application of coicis seed extracts to the processing of facial masks is still lacking. Solvent extractability analysis revealed that most of the polyphenolics in coicis seeds were water soluble (3.17 ± 0.12 to 3.63 ± 0.07 μg/mLGAE). In contrast, the methanolic extract contained the most flavonoids (0.06 ± 0.00~0.26 ± 0.03 μg/mL QE) and coixol (11.43 ± 0.13~12.83 ± 0.14 μg/mL), showing potent antioxidant capability. Additionally, the contents of coixenolide (176.77 ± 5.91 to 238.60 ± 0.21 μg/g), phytosterol (52.45 ± 2.05 to 58.23 ± 1.14 mg/g), and polysaccharides (3.42 ± 0.10 to 4.41 ± 0.10 mg/g) were rather high. The aqueous extract (10 μg/mL) and the ethanolic extract (1 mg/mL) showed no cytotoxicity to B16F10 melanocytes. More attractively, the ethanolic extract at 1 mg/mL caused 48.4% inhibition of tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanocytes, and 50.7% on human tyrosinase (hTyr) fragment 369–377. Conclusively, the coicis seed extracts containing abundant nutraceuticals with promising anti-hTyr activity and moisturizing capability can serve as good ingredients for facial mask processing.
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12
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Huda N, Li X, Jahan T, He Y, Guan C, Zhang K, Gao A, Georgiev MI, Zhou M. Acceleration of the genetic gain for nutraceutical improvement of adlay ( Coix L.) through genomic approaches: current status and future prospects. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2067175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Southwest Guizhou Institute of Karst Regional Development, Xingyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tanzim Jahan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuqi He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Guan
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ainong Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Meiliang Zhou
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China
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13
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Suzuki Y, Miyahara T, Jinnouchi M, Miura Y, Taka H, Kaga N, Ohara-Takada A. A Comprehensive Analysis of Plasma Cytokines and Metabolites Shows an Association between Galectin-9 and Changes in Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Percentages Following Coix Seed Consumption. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091696. [PMID: 35565664 PMCID: PMC9102546 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that healthy adult males who consumed coix seeds for 1 week demonstrated an increased intestinal abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and altered peripheral lymphocyte subset percentages. However, the mechanism underlining these effects has not been elucidated. Therefore, cytokines and metabolites in plasma obtained in this study are comprehensively analyzed. A total of 56 cytokines and 52 metabolites in the plasma are quantified. Among them, 14 cytokines and 9 metabolites show significant changes in their levels following coix seed consumption. We examine the relationship between these changes and those in peripheral lymphocyte subset percentages and intestinal abundance of F. prausnitzii, which is also considerably altered following coix seed consumption. The galectin-9 concentration considerably decreased after coix seed consumption, and these changes correlate with those in cytotoxic T cells and pan T cells. Therefore, galectin-9 is possibly involved in the changes in peripheral lymphocyte subset percentages induced by coix seed consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai 270-1695, Japan; (T.M.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Taisei Miyahara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai 270-1695, Japan; (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Minami Jinnouchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, Inzai 270-1695, Japan; (T.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Hikari Taka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (Y.M.); (H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Akiko Ohara-Takada
- Research Center of Genetic Resources, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan;
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14
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An approach for preparing 3,3-disubstituted oxindole from acyclic tetrasubstituted aldehyde: Total synthesis of (-)-coerulescine & (-)-coixspirolactam A. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Xu JX, Jiang YS, Chen CH, Sathishkumar N, Chu KT, Chiang MH, Chen HT, Han JL. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Three-Component Vinylogous Michael/Aldol Tandem Reaction among 3-Alkylidene oxindoles, Methyleneindolinones, and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2021; 87:197-210. [PMID: 34882415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We reported a one-pot enantioselective three-component vinylogous Michael/aldol tandem reaction of prochiral 3-alkylidene oxindoles with methyleneindolinones and aldehydes using bifunctional organocatalysts. A variety of enantioenriched 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles 3 and spirolactones 4 were generated in moderate yields (up to 78%) with high stereoselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, >99% ee). Intriguingly, we observed that the aldol reaction with paraformaldehyde generates 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles 3 bearing a hydroxymethyl group, while the reaction with aliphatic aldehydes generates spirolactones 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Xiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yi-Syun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Nadaraj Sathishkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Kai-Ti Chu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 11529, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ming-Hsi Chiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei City 11529, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Tsung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Jeng-Liang Han
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan R.O.C
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16
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Huang CC, Lin TC, Liu CH, Hu HC, Yu SY, Wu SJ, Yen MH, Tsai YH, Chang FR. Lipid Metabolism and its Mechanism Triggered by Supercritical CO 2 Extract of Adlay ( Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf) Bran in High-Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemic Hamsters. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:785944. [PMID: 34867418 PMCID: PMC8635772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Rom. Caill.) Stapf) seeds are edible crop classified as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Adlay bran (AB) is one of the wastes generated during adlay refining processes. In this work, supercritical fluid extract of AB (AB-SCF) was investigated to reveal its lipid regulating potential and decode its bifunctional ingredients. AB-SCF×0.5 (30.84 mg/kg/body weight), AB-SCF×1 (61.67 mg/kg/BW), AB-SCF×5 (308.35 mg/kg/BW) and AB-SCF×10 (616.70 mg/kg/BW) were administrated to high fat-diet (HFD) induced hyperglycemic hamsters for 8 weeks. The results indicates that AB-SCF displays a prevention of dramatic body weight gains, lower levels of serum TG, TC, LDL-C and higher in HDL-C, amelioration of cardiovascular risk, alleviation of hepatic TG, TC and lipid peroxidation, and enhancement on cholesterol metabolism with higher bile acid excretion. Investigations on energy metabolic mechanism demonstrates that the hyperlipidemia mitigating capacities of AB-SCF are up-regulated on lipoprotein lipase, AMPK, p-AMPK and down-regulated at fatty acid synthase. Major bio-functional lipid compositions are identified as linoleic acid (28.59%) and oleic acid (56.95%). Non-lipid chemical and active markers are confirmed as 3-O-(trans-4-feruloyl)-β-sitostanol (1463.42 ppm), 3-O-(cis-4-feruloyl)-β-sitostanol (162.60 ppm), and β-sitosterol (4117.72 ppm). These compositions might synergistically responsible for the mentioned activities and can be regarded as analytical targets in quality control. AB-SCF may be considered as a promising complementary supplement, and developed as a functional food or new botanical drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yin Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jing Wu
- Department of Nutritional Health, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, Collage of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Li T, Zhu X, Jiang H, Wang Y, Zheng N, Peng T, Gao R, Shi L, Hao X, Song M. Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative [3 + 2] cycloaddition: Assembly of highly functionalized spirooxindoles bearing two quaternary centers. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Hui Jiang
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yanong Wang
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen China
| | - Tian Peng
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Rui Gao
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Linlin Shi
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xin‐Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Mao‐Ping Song
- College of Chemistry ZhengZhou University Zhengzhou China
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18
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Anti-Cancer Properties of Coix Seed Oil against HT-29 Colon Cells through Regulation of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112833. [PMID: 34829119 PMCID: PMC8621869 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to observe the effects of coix seed oil (CSO) on HT-29 cells and investigate its possible regulation mechanism of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Fatty acid analysis showed that coix seed oil mainly contains oleic acid (50.54%), linoleic acid (33.76%), palmitic acid (11.74%), and stearic acid (2.45%). Fourier transform infrared results found that the fatty acid functional groups present in the oil matched well with the vegetable oil band. The results from CCK-8 assays showed that CSO dose-dependently and time-dependently inhibited the viability of HT-29 cells in vitro. CSO inhibited cell viability, with IC50 values of 5.30 mg/mL for HT-29 obtained after 24 h treatment. Morphological changes were observed by apoptotic body/cell nucleus DNA (Hoechst 33258) staining using inverted and fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. It showed that CSO induced cell apoptosis and cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting revealed that CSO induced cell apoptosis by downregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, CSO can cause apoptosis in cancer cells by activating caspase-3, up-regulating Bax, and down-regulating Bcl-2. In conclusion, the results revealed that CSO induced G2 arrest and apoptosis of HT-29 cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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19
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Abstract
Coix ( Coix lacryma-jobi Linné . var . mayuen Stapf) is, unlike many herbs used in Chinese traditional medicines, often used as a single agent. Coix seed has its specific constituents coixenolide and coixol. This review summarizes the effects of coix seed on human pathology and physiology, and the roles of coixenolide and coixol on the effects. The comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Citation Information by National Institute of Informatics of Japan (CiNii), University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Some studies suggest that coix seed promotes the spontaneous regression of viral infections of the skin. Meanwhile, kanglite, a purified oil agent used for cancer therapy, has been implied to increase the ratio of CD4 + T cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients undergoing treatment. These studies seem to indicate that coix seed may affect cellular immune function. However, there are limitations to the individual studies on which the above consideration is based, and thereby, it is not conclusive what specific immune or clinical indices coix seed affects. In addition, the effects of coixol on human immune function have not been clarified. Therefore, coix seed seems promising for health promotion and presents a challengeable and attractive theme for natural product chemists, pharmacologists, immunologists, and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Juntendo University, Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Inzai, Japan
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20
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Huang X, Zhang W. Recyclable fluorous cinchona organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis of biologically interesting compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10116-10124. [PMID: 34522921 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03722f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis has unique modes of activation, mild reaction conditions, and good catalyst structural amenability. The integration of green techniques such as catalyst recovery and one-pot reactions makes organocatalysis more efficient and attractive. Presented in this article are the recyclable cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed reactions including fluorination and Michael addition-initiated cascade reactions in asymmetric synthesis of functionalized compounds of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
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21
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Yu Q, Ye G, Lei Z, Yang R, Chen R, He T, Huang S. An isolated compound from stems and leaves of Coix lacryma-jobi L. and its anticancer effect. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Adlay Testa ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) Ethanolic Extract and Its Active Components Exert Anti-Proliferative Effects on Endometrial Cancer Cells via Cell Cycle Arrest. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071966. [PMID: 33807346 PMCID: PMC8037553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common malignant tumors of gynecologic neoplasms in Western society. In recent years, the incidence of endometrial cancer has increased, and it has become the third most common female gynecological cancer (after ovarian and cervical cancer) in Taiwan. Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. Ma-yuen Stapf.) has been demonstrated to have bioactive polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and essential nutrients for health benefits, including anticancer effects in humans. However, little is known about the effect of adlay seeds on endometrial cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the potential growth inhibitory effects of several adlay seed fractions, including ethyl acetate (ATE-EA) and its bioactive constituents, separately on endometrial cancer cells—HEC-1A (phosphatase and tensin homolog-positive) and RL95-2 (phosphatase and tensin homolog-negative)—and identify related active ingredients. In addition, the potential active fractions and the phytochemical compounds were elucidated. The results demonstrate superior activity of ATE-EA with significant in vitro cell proliferation inhibitory capacity, particularly its C.D.E.F-subfraction. Moreover, HPLC- and GC/FID-based quantification of ATE-EA subfractions showed that phenolic compounds (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde), flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acid compounds exert anti-proliferative effects in the cell model. Finally, it was shown that cell growth and cell cycle arrest most significantly occurred in the in G1 or G2/M phase under ATE-EA treatment. Collectively, our results demonstrate an antiproliferative effect of ATE-EA on endometrial cancer cells that suggest a positive health outcome for women from consumption of these compounds.
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23
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Igbokwe CJ, Wei M, Feng Y, Duan Y, Ma H, Zhang H. Coix Seed: A Review of Its Physicochemical Composition, Bioactivity, Processing, Application, Functionality, and Safety Aspects. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1892129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chidimma Juliet Igbokwe
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ming Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuqin Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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24
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Liaw CC, Lin YC, Wu SY, Kuo JCL, Lin ZH, Lin KW, Hui-Chi H, Yang Kuo LM, Kuo YH. Anti-inflammatory constituents from Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1425-1432. [PMID: 33583286 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1885406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel chromone analogue, phyllomakin A (1), and a new flavonolignan, (-)-quiquelignan C (2), along with 18 phenolic and 2 triterpenoids, were isolated from the leaves of Phyllostachys makinoi Hayata. The structures of 1-22 were elucidated by an application of various spectroscopic analyses (1D & 2D NMR and MS) and compared with reported data. A biological evaluation showed that compound 3 had very potent anti-NO production activity (IC50 = 4.80 µM), while compounds 2, 6, 11, and 15 showed moderate inhibitory effects (IC50 = 10.19, 13.26, 13.56, and 10.96 µM, respectively) without affecting cell viability at 20 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yu Wu
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenny Chun-Ling Kuo
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hu Lin
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wei Lin
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huang Hui-Chi
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Yang Kuo
- Department of Research and Development, Starsci Biotech Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Reznikov AN, Ashatkina MA, Klimochkin YN. Recent developments in asymmetric Heck type cyclization reactions for constructions of complex molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5673-5701. [PMID: 34113939 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00496d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular carbometallation-initiated asymmetric transformations are a general and powerful approach for the construction of carbo- and heterocyclic systems with one and more stereocenters. In addition, the newly developed multiple cascade reactions are an attractive strategy for increasing the molecular complexity in one step. In recent years, great progress has been made in this area with the use of various palladium and nickel complexes with P- and N-donor chiral ligands. This review highlights recent developments in intramolecular asymmetric Heck reactions, reductive Heck reactions and various types of cascade transformations (intramolecular Heck/Heck, Heck/nucleophilic trapping, Heck/Tsuji-Trost, Heck/Suzuki-Miyaura, Heck/Sonogashira, and Heck/carbonylation) in the synthesis of complex molecules over the past 5 years. A number of examples from before 2016 are included as background information. Particular attention is paid to the use of inexpensive nickel complexes as highly efficient catalysts for a number of asymmetric reactions considered here. A perspective on current challenges and potential future developments in the field of asymmetric Heck type cyclizations is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Reznikov
- Samara State Technical University, 244, Molodogvardeyskaya st., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation.
| | - Maria A Ashatkina
- Samara State Technical University, 244, Molodogvardeyskaya st., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation.
| | - Yuri N Klimochkin
- Samara State Technical University, 244, Molodogvardeyskaya st., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation.
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26
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Zeng FL, Chen XL, Sun K, Zhu HL, Yuan XY, Liu Y, Qu LB, Zhao YF, Yu B. Visible-light-induced metal-free cascade cyclization of N-arylpropiolamides to 3-phosphorylated, trifluoromethylated and thiocyanated azaspiro[4.5]trienones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic strategies for the preparation of 3-functionalized azaspiro[4.5]trienones via a radical-initiated cascade annulation reaction was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Lin Zeng
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiao-Lan Chen
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Kai Sun
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Hu-Lin Zhu
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Xiao-Ya Yuan
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yan Liu
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Bing Yu
- Green Catalysis Center
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
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27
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Network Pharmacology Approach to Uncover the Mechanism Governing the Effect of Simiao Powder on Knee Osteoarthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6971503. [PMID: 33376732 PMCID: PMC7738782 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6971503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Simiao powder in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Methods Based on oral bioavailability and drug-likeness, the main active components of Simiao powder were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). GeneCard, OMIM, DisGeNET, DrugBank, PharmGkb, and the Therapeutic Target Database were used to establish target databases for knee osteoarthritis. Cytoscape software was used to construct a visual interactive network diagram of “active ingredient - action target – disease.” The STRING database was used to construct a protein interaction network and analyze related protein interaction relationships. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) biological process enrichment analysis were performed on the core targets. Additionally, Discovery Studio software was used for molecular docking verification of active pharmaceutical ingredients and disease targets. Results Thirty-seven active components of Simiao powder were screened, including 106 common targets. The results of network analysis showed that the targets were mainly involved in regulating biological processes such as cell metabolism and apoptosis. Simiao powder components were predicted to exert their therapeutic effect on the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the active components of Simiao powder had a good match with the targets of IL1B, MMP9, CXCL8, MAPK8, JUN, IL6, MAPK1, EGF, VEGFA, AKT1, and PTGS2. Conclusion Simiao powder has multisystem, multicomponent, and multitarget characteristics in treating knee osteoarthritis. Its possible mechanism of action includes inhibiting the inflammatory response, regulating immune function, and resisting oxidative stress to control the occurrence and development of the disease. Quercetin, wogonin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, and other active ingredients may be the material basis for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
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28
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Tan Y, Chen B, Ren C, Guo M, Wang J, Shi K, Wu X, Feng Y. Rapid identification model based on decision tree algorithm coupling with 1H NMR and feature analysis by UHPLC-QTOFMS spectrometry for sandalwood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1161:122449. [PMID: 33246279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sandalwood is one of the most valuable woods in the world. However, today's counterfeits are widespread, it is difficult to distinguish authenticity. In this paper, similar genus (Dalbergia and Pterocarpus) and confused species (Gluta sp.) of sandalwood were quickly and efficiently identified. Rapid identification model based on 1H NMR and decision tree (DT) algorithm was firstly developed for the identification of sandalwood, and the accuracy was improved by introducing the AdaBoost algorithm. The accuracy of the final model was above 95%. And the feature components between different species of sandalwood were further explored using UHPLC-QTOFMS and NMR spectrometry. The results showed that 183 compounds were identified, among which 99 were known components, 84 were unknown components. The 1H NMR and 13C NMR signals of 505 samples were assigned, among them, 14 compounds were attributed, characteristic chemical shift intervals with great differences in the model were analysed. Furthermore, the fragmentation pattern of different compounds from sandalwood, in both positive and negative ion ESI modes, was summarized. The results showed a potential and rapid tool based on DT, NMR spectroscopy and UHPLC-QTOFMS, which had performed great potential for rapid identification and feature analysis of sandalwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Tan
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Biying Chen
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Cui Ren
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Mingxin Guo
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Juanxia Wang
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kexing Shi
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xia Wu
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yifan Feng
- New Drug Reserach And Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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He W, Yin M, Yang R, Zhao W. Optimization of adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi) bran oil extraction: Variability in fatty acids profile and fatty acid synthase inhibitory activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Wang J, Zhao L, Rong Q, Lv C, Lu Y, Pan X, Zhao L, Hu L. Asymmetric Synthesis of 3,3'-Tetrahydrofuryl Spirooxindoles via Palladium-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloadditions of Methyleneindolinones with Vinylethylene Carbonates. Org Lett 2020; 22:5833-5838. [PMID: 32790422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of methyleneindolinones with vinylethylene carbonates has been successfully developed, which provides a highly efficient method for the synthesis of structurally diverse 3,3'-tetrahydrofuryl spirooxindoles in high yields (≤99%) with excellent stereoselectivities (>20:1 dr, ≤99% ee). Furthermore, this methodology shows a wide substrate scope and high utility in diversity-oriented synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Quanjin Rong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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Nascimento VR, Suenaga MLS, Andrade LH. An efficient approach for the synthesis of new (±)-coixspirolactams. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:5458-5465. [PMID: 32639487 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01104e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coixspirolactams, spiro[oxindole-γ-lactones], are found in adlay seeds and exhibit anticancer activity. A novel synthetic methodology was developed to enable an easy access to (±)-coixspirolactam A and a large number of new coixspirolactams in excellent overall yields. The exquisite exploitation of formamide reactivity was essential for the construction of oxindole and lactone scaffolds.
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32
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Sanabria MN, Hornink MM, Correia VG, Andrade LH. Nontraditional Application of the Photo-Fenton Process: A Novel Strategy for Molecular Construction Using Formamide and Flow Chemistry. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marialy N. Sanabria
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 748 Lineu Prestes Av., 05300-080 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Milene M. Hornink
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 748 Lineu Prestes Av., 05300-080 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Valquíria G. Correia
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 748 Lineu Prestes Av., 05300-080 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro H. Andrade
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 748 Lineu Prestes Av., 05300-080 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
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33
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Devaraj RD, Jeepipalli SP, Xu B. Phytochemistry and health promoting effects of Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi) - A critical review. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Coixol Suppresses NF-κB, MAPK Pathways and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040894. [PMID: 32085388 PMCID: PMC7070437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coixol, a plant polyphenol extracted from coix (Coix lachryma-jobi L.var.ma-yuen Stapf), has not been investigated for its anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cell model, we observed that coixol can effectively reduce the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, but had no effect on the expression of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. Furthermore, we found that coixol inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear transcription factor κ B (NF-κB) pathways, and NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome activation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that coixol exerts certain anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro. The mechanism of this effect was in part related to its ability to inhibit the activation of NF-κB, MAPKs pathways, and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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The gastroprotective effect of the foxtail millet and adlay processing product against stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:336-344. [PMID: 32695650 PMCID: PMC7365783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) and adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) seeds have substantial benefits possesses remarkable edible and nutritive values, and ease of processing and food manufacturing. They have nutraceutical properties in the form of antioxidants which prevent deterioration of human health and have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine as a remedy for many diseases. The present study is designed to investigate the gastroprotective effect of foxtail millet and adlay processing product (APP) diet on water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) induced ulceration in rats. We examined the effects of intake of AIN-93G diet containing either foxtail millet (10, 20 and 40%, 4 weeks) or APP (15 and 30%, 5 weeks) on macroscopic ulcer index (UI), plasma calcium level, lipid peroxidation products (estimated by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH), digestive enzyme activities, and histopathology were determined. The results showed that pretreatment with millet and adlay diets significantly prevented the gastric mucosal lesion development. In addition, ulcerated rats showed depletion of NPSH levels whereas treatment with millet and adlay reverted this decline in stress-induced rats. Histological studies confirmed the results. The finding suggests that millet and adlay diets promote ulcer protection by the decrease in ulcer index, TBARS values and increase NPSH concentrations. Millet and adlay diets retain the advantage of being a natural product which may protect the gastric mucosa against ulceration. Millet and adlay exerted the anti-ulcer response and extensive antioxidant effect. They promote ulcer protection by the decrease in ulcer index and TBARS values. Also, millet and adlay diets increased NPSH concentrations in stressed rats. Foxtail millet and adlay diets prove a promising protective role in gastric ulcer.
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36
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He C, Li Z, Liu H, Zhang H, Wang L, Chen H. Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of adlay seed (Coixlachryma-jobi L.) oil extracted from four main producing areas in China. J Food Sci 2019; 85:123-131. [PMID: 31872874 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Adlay oil (AO) is an important component of adlay seeds that has many beneficial functions to human health. In this study, the variations in the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of AOs extracted from adlay samples obtained from four main producing areas of China were first investigated. Results revealed that the AO of the adlay samples varied from 7.398 ± 0.486% to 8.464 ± 0.725%. The highest contents of total fatty acid, triolein, total phenolic, and total flavonoid were observed in Xingren AO, whereas coixol content was found to be highest in Pucheng AO. The AO samples were grouped successfully in accordance with the origins by partial least squares-discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the contents of the chemical components. Furthermore, AOs exhibited considerable levels of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (IC50 , 0.924 ± 0.113 to 1.116 ± 0.109 mg/mL) radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity (EC50 , 0.019 ± 0.002 to 0.028 ± 0.002 mg/mL) activity, and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching activity (IC50, 0.233 ± 0.008 to 0.414 ± 0.012 mg/mL) activity. Total phenolic and total flavonoid both demonstrated highest correlation with ABTS values (r = -0.952 and r = -0.960, respectively). The results derived from above studies suggest that geographic origin has a certain influence on the phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of the AOs. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The chemical composition and antioxidant activity of adlay oils extracted from the adlay samples obtained from four main producing areas of China were evaluated, including total fatty acid, triolein, total phenolic, and total flavonoid, and ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP activity, and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojun He
- Luoyang Normal Univ., School of Food and Drug, Luoyang, Henan, 471934, PR China
| | - Ziyong Li
- Luoyang Normal Univ., School of Food and Drug, Luoyang, Henan, 471934, PR China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Luoyang Normal Univ., School of Food and Drug, Luoyang, Henan, 471934, PR China
| | - Haining Zhang
- Luoyang Normal Univ., School of Food and Drug, Luoyang, Henan, 471934, PR China
| | - Liye Wang
- Luoyang Normal Univ., School of Food and Drug, Luoyang, Henan, 471934, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Luoyang Normal Univ., School of Food and Drug, Luoyang, Henan, 471934, PR China
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Abstract
Oxidation of indoles is a fundamental organic transformation to deliver a variety of synthetically and pharmaceutically valuable nitrogen-containing compounds. Prior methods require the use of either organic oxidants (meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, N-bromosuccinimide, t-BuOCl) or stoichiometric toxic transition metals [Pb(OAc)4, OsO4, CrO3], which produced oxidant-derived by-products that are harmful to human health, pollute the environment and entail immediate purification. A general catalysis protocol using safer oxidants (H2O2, oxone, O2) is highly desirable. Herein, we report a unified, efficient halide catalysis for three oxidation reactions of indoles using oxone as the terminal oxidant, namely oxidative rearrangement of tetrahydro-β-carbolines, indole oxidation to 2-oxindoles, and Witkop oxidation. This halide catalysis protocol represents a general, green oxidation method and is expected to be used widely due to several advantageous aspects including waste prevention, less hazardous chemical synthesis, and sustainable halide catalysis. Indole oxidation represents a fundamental organic transformation delivering valuable nitrogen compounds. Here, the authors report a general halide catalysis protocol applied to three classes of oxidation reactions of indoles with oxone as a sustainable terminal oxidant.
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38
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Ting Y, Hu Y, Hu J, Chang W, Huang Q, Hsieh S. Nanoemulsified adlay bran oil reduces tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells and zebrafish. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3216-3223. [PMID: 31660135 PMCID: PMC6804758 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of oily components is often difficult to evaluate due to their incompatibility with most models. Here, we emulsified adlay bran oil (ABO), processed it to a nanoscale, and investigated its anti-hyperpigmentation efficacy, assessed for its inhibitory effects against tyrosinase activity and melanin production, in an in vitro system (mouse melanoma B16F10 cells) and an in vivo system (zebrafish embryos). ABO induced dose-dependent reductions in tyrosinase activity and melanin production in both the melanoma cells and zebrafish, without affecting viability. The efficacy of ABO was strongly influenced by emulsion particle size in the zebrafish but not in the cells. These results indicate that ABO has potential as a tyrosinase inhibitor and anti-hyperpigmentation agent and that the emulsion system is an effective method for delivering the bioactive components of ABO to living systems that could be utilized for other oily components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Ting
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Yin‐Ting Hu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Jing‐Yu Hu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
- Department of Food ScienceNational Chiayi UniversityChiayi CityTaiwan
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Food Science DepartmentRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJUSA
| | - Shu‐Chen Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
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Choi YH, Choi CW, Hong SH, Park SK, Oh JS, Lee D, Hong SS. Coixlachryside B: a new benzoxazinoid glycoside from the roots of Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen (Gramineae). JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:806-812. [PMID: 30501406 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1497016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen has been a source of food and traditional folk medicine in some parts of Asia for thousands of years; however, the roots of this plant have not been phytochemically investigated. Herein, we report the isolation of a new benzoxazinoid glycoside, coixlachryside B (1), along with ten known compounds (2-11), from the roots of C. lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen using a variety of chromatographic methods. Among the known compounds, the absolute configuration of compound 4 was determined. The structures of all compounds were elucidated by interpreting NMR spectroscopic data, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hyeok Choi
- a Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA) , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
- b Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- a Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA) , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Hong
- a Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA) , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kyu Park
- c Hansolbio Co., Ltd , Seongnam 13215 , Republic of Korea
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- d College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan 31116 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- b Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Hong
- a Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA) , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
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40
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An W, Lai H, Zhang Y, Liu M, Lin X, Cao S. Apoptotic Pathway as the Therapeutic Target for Anticancer Traditional Chinese Medicines. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31354479 PMCID: PMC6639427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death and it plays a vital role in human development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence indicates that apoptosis is closely related to the survival of cancer and it has emerged as a key target for the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Various studies indicate that targeting the apoptotic signaling pathway by anticancer drugs is an important mechanism in cancer therapy. Therefore, numerous novel anticancer agents have been discovered and developed from traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) by targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway of cancer cells and shown clinically beneficial effects in cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion for the role, pharmacology, related biology, and possible mechanism(s) of a number of important anticancer TCMs and their derivatives mainly targeting the cellular apoptotic pathway. It may have important clinical implications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiao An
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, China
| | - Honglin Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shousong Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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41
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Huang Y, Zhu J, Lin X, Hong Y, Feng Y, Shen L. Potential of Fatty Oils from Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Therapy: A Review for Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Clinical Studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:727-750. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer management is a worldwide challenge. In addition to effective cancer therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and combined TCM with western medicine has gradually gained attention in Oriental countries. One potential TCM approach using extracted fatty oils, containing fatty acids which are important active ingredients with a variety of pharmacological activities, makes significant contributions to cancer treatment. The strategies of treating cancer with the fatty oils of TCM were classified into “Fuzheng”, which usually associates with improving immunity, represented by coix seed oil. The other classification is “Quxie”, which relates to inducing apoptosis of cancer cells, and is represented by Brucea javanica oil. Compared with other active substances, the literature about anticancer fatty oils is relatively limited, and most of them focus on the composition and other biological activities without a systematic review. Therefore, based on the theories of “Fuzheng” and “Quxie” in TCM, in this paper, the anticancer effects of fatty oils have been reviewed. The chemical composition, anticancer mechanism, listed drugs, studying dosage form and clinical application of fatty oils have also been discussed. In summary, since there are different types and abundance of fatty oils among botanicals, anticancer effects of fatty oils can be achieved through two TCM theory-based strategies. We hoped that this review paper can reveal the anticancer potential of fatty oils and provide a reference for future related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanleng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Lan Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cai-lun Road, Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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42
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Hu H, Teng F, Liu J, Hu W, Luo S, Zhu Q. Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Oxindole Spirofused Lactones and Lactams by Heck/Carbonylative Cylization Sequences: Method Development and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaanzi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of Sciences 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 510005 China
| | - Fan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of Sciences 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 510005 China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of Sciences 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
| | - Weiming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of Sciences 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 510005 China
| | - Shuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of Sciences 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 510005 China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of Sciences 190 Kaiyuan Avenue Guangzhou 510530 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 China
- Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 510005 China
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43
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Hu H, Teng F, Liu J, Hu W, Luo S, Zhu Q. Enantioselective Synthesis of 2-Oxindole Spirofused Lactones and Lactams by Heck/Carbonylative Cylization Sequences: Method Development and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:9225-9229. [PMID: 31074567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot assembly of all-carbon spiro-oxindole compounds from non-oxindole-based materials has been developed through a palladium-catalyzed asymmetric Heck/carbonylative lactonization and lactamization sequence. Diversified spirooxindole γ-and δ-lactones/lactams were accessed in high yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) under mild reaction conditions. The natural product coixspirolactam A was conveniently synthesized by applying the current methodology, and thus its absolute configuration was elucidated for the first time. Asymmetric synthesis of an effective CRTH2 receptor antagonist has also been demonstrated utilizing this method in the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaanzi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Fan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
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Lin PH, Shih CK, Yen YT, Chiang W, Hsia SM. Adlay ( Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf.) Hull Extract and Active Compounds Inhibit Proliferation of Primary Human Leiomyoma Cells and Protect against Sexual Hormone-Induced Mice Smooth Muscle Hyperproliferation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081556. [PMID: 31010220 PMCID: PMC6514562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyomas, also known as fibroids, are benign neoplasms of the uterus and have a high incidence rate in women of reproductive age. Hysterectomy or myomectomy is the initial treatment, but fibroids will recur if the patient is still exposed to similar risk factors. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies are urgently necessary. In this study, the anti-proliferation effects of each fraction of adlay seeds were evaluated in uterine leiomyomas, and we identified the potential phytochemical compounds. We found that the ethyl acetate fraction of adlay hull (AHE-ea) appeared to be highly efficient in the anti-proliferation of rat uterine leiomyoma ELT3 cells and primary human uterine leiomyoma (hUL) cells. The proliferation of primary human normal uterine smooth muscle (UtSMC) and normal uterine myometrial (hUM) cells were also suppressed by AHE-ea. Two phytosterols, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, were identified from AHE-ea fraction. Mice treated with AHE-ea and stigmasterol alone demonstrated reduced diethylstilbestrol/medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate (DES/MPA)-induced uterine myometrial hyperplasia, which is the critical step for the development of leiomyoma. Taken together, our results suggest that the AHE-ea fraction could be considered as a natural plant-based medicine in the prevention or treatment of uterine leiomyoma growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Lin
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Kuang Shih
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Ting Yen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Zhu XX, Fan YY, Xu L, Liu QF, Wu JP, Li JY, Li J, Gao K, Yue JM. Alstonlarsines A-D, Four Rearranged Indole Alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris. Org Lett 2019; 21:1471-1474. [PMID: 30758208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Four indole alkaloids, alstonlarsines A-D (1-4), were isolated from Alstonia scholaris and structurally characterized. Compound 1 possesses a new carbon skeleton with a cage-shaped 9-azatricyclo[4.3.1.03,8]decane motif, and compounds 2-4 feature a rare carbon skeleton that was found in nature for the first time. Plausible biosynthetic routes for 1-4 are proposed. Compound 1 showed DRAK2 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 11.65 ± 0.63 μΜ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Xin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Ping Wu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research , Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal , 900 rue St-Denis , Montréal , Québec H2X 0A9 , Canada
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , People's Republic of China
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Kang SH, Lee JY, Lee TH, Park SY, Kim CK. De novo transcriptome assembly of the Chinese pearl barley, adlay, by full-length isoform and short-read RNA sequencing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208344. [PMID: 30533012 PMCID: PMC6289447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi) is a tropical grass that has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and is known for its nutritional benefits. Recent studies have shown that vitamin E compounds in adlay protect against chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. However, the molecular basis of adlay's health benefits remains unknown. Here, we generated adlay gene sets by de novo transcriptome assembly using long-read isoform sequencing (Iso-Seq) and short-read RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq). The gene sets obtained from Iso-seq and RNA-seq contained 31,177 genes and 57,901 genes, respectively. We confirmed the validity of the assembled gene sets by experimentally analyzing the levels of prolamin and vitamin E biosynthesis-associated proteins in adlay plant tissues and seeds. We compared the screened adlay genes with known gene families from closely related plant species, such as rice, sorghum and maize. We also identified tissue-specific genes from the adlay leaf, root, and young and mature seed, and experimentally validated the differential expression of 12 randomly-selected genes. Our study of the adlay transcriptome will provide a valuable resource for genetic studies that can enhance adlay breeding programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Kang
- International Technology Cooperation Center, RDA, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Yeol Lee
- Metabolic Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- Biosafety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chang-Kug Kim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Jeonju, Korea
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Maskeri MA, O'Connor MJ, Jaworski AA, Bay AV, Scheidt KA. A Cooperative Hydrogen Bond Donor–Brønsted Acid System for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Maskeri
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Northwestern University Silverman Hall Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew J. O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Northwestern University Silverman Hall Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Ashley A. Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Northwestern University Silverman Hall Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Anna V. Bay
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Northwestern University Silverman Hall Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery Northwestern University Silverman Hall Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Maskeri MA, O'Connor MJ, Jaworski AA, Bay AV, Scheidt KA. A Cooperative Hydrogen Bond Donor-Brønsted Acid System for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17225-17229. [PMID: 30380196 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Carbocations stabilized by adjacent oxygen atoms are useful reactive intermediates involved in fundamental chemical transformations. These oxocarbenium ions typically lack sufficient electron density to engage established chiral Brønsted or Lewis acid catalysts, presenting a major challenge to their widespread application in asymmetric catalysis. Leading methods for selectivity operate primarily through electrostatic pairing between the oxocarbenium ion and a chiral counterion. A general approach to new enantioselective transformations of oxocarbenium ions requires novel strategies that address the weak binding capabilities of these intermediates. We demonstrate herein a novel cooperative catalysis system for selective reactions with oxocarbenium ions. This new strategy has been applied to a highly selective and rapid oxa-Pictet-Spengler reaction and highlights a powerful combination of an achiral hydrogen bond donor with a chiral Brønsted acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Maskeri
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew J O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ashley A Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Anna V Bay
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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Liu M, Zhang X, Huang X, Dhawan G, Evans J, Kaur M, Jasinski JP, Zhang W. Recyclable Organocatalyst for One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrofuranone and Tetrahydropyranone Spirooxindoles. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences; Zhejiang Normal University; 321004 Jinhua China
| | - Gagan Dhawan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
- Department of Biomedical Science; Acharya Narendra Dev College; University of Delhi; -110019 New Delhi India
| | - Jason Evans
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry; Keene State College; 229 Main Street 03435 Keene NH USA
| | - Jerry P. Jasinski
- Department of Chemistry; Keene State College; 229 Main Street 03435 Keene NH USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; University of Massachusetts Boston; 100 Morrissey Boulevard 02125 Boston MA USA
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Chang CC, Huang LH, Chiang W, Hsia SM. Hexane fraction of adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) testa ethanolic extract inhibits human uterine sarcoma cancer cells growth and chemosensitizes human uterine sarcoma cells to doxorubicin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 47:69-80. [PMID: 30166110 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer has remained among the top ten causes of death in Taiwan since 1982. Uterine sarcoma is a rare gynecologic cancer, and chemotherapy is one type of cancer treatment. Doxorubicin (Dox) is widely used for treating several cancers, including uterine sarcoma, however, multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major clinical problem and a critical cause of treatment failure. The ethanolic extracts of adlay testa (ATE) exhibited significant anticancer activities against many cancer types. PURPOSE In this study we investigated the antitumor effects of the hexane fraction of the adlay testa ethanolic extracts (ATE-Hex) on the human uterine sarcoma cancer cell line MES-SA, as well as on the multidrug-resistant human uterine sarcoma cancer cell line MES-SA/Dx5. METHODS The MTT assay was performed to assess the effects of the extracts of different parts of the adlay on the proliferation of human uterine sarcoma cells (MES-SA and MES-SA/Dx5) and human uterine smooth muscle cells (HUtSMCs). To determine whether ATE-Hex has a chemosensitizing effect on drug-resistant uterine sarcoma cells, the MTT assay was performed to examine the synergistic effects of ATE-Hex, the chemotherapeutic drug Dox alone, and in combination. Rhodamine accumulation was analyzed using fluorescence detection. Apoptotic cells were analyzed via flow cytometry. In addition, employing a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) gas chromatography was also developed as the analysis platform for ATE-Hex. RESULTS The results demonstrated that ATE-Hex exhibited the best effects of inhibition on MES-SA and MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Co-treatment of ATE-Hex and Dox could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. ATE-Hex reduced the rhodamine efflux in MES-SA/Dx5 cells, indicating that ATE-Hex could reduce the expression of P-gp. In addition, our results showed that treatment with ATE-Hex alone or in combination with Dox significantly inhibited the growth of cancer cells and induced apoptosis by increasing the sub-G1 phase and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) being cleaved. Flow cytometry revealed that ATE-Hex induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ATE-Hex can inhibit human uterine sarcoma cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and increasing the chemosensitivity of the multidrug-resistant human uterine sarcoma cancer cell MES-SA/Dx5 to Dox. Furthermore, the combination of ATE-Hex and Dox could decrease MDR and increase the synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hui Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenchang Chiang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsia
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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