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Abdul-Rahman AM, Elwekeel A, Alruhaimi RS, Kamel EM, Bin-Ammar A, Mahmoud AM, Moawad AS, Zaki MA. Multi-target action of Garcinia livingstonei extract and secondary metabolites against fatty acid synthase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101762. [PMID: 37701752 PMCID: PMC10494472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia livingstonei is a traditional herbal medicine that showed beneficial health effects and bioactivities. Four compounds have been isolated from the plant leaves and were elucidated as lupeol, betulin, podocarpusflavone A, and amentoflavone. The inhibitory activities of G. livingstonei extract and isolated metabolites against fatty acid synthase (FAS), α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase (XO) were investigated in vitro. The affinity of the compounds toward the studied enzymes was investigated in silico. The plant extract inhibited FAS, α-glucosidase, and XO with IC50 values of 26.34, 67.88, and 33.05 µg/mL, respectively. Among the isolated metabolites, betulin exhibited the most inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and XO with IC50 values of 38.96 and 30.94 µg/mL, respectively. Podocarpusflavone A and betulin were the most potent inhibitors of FAS with IC50 values of 24.08 and 27.96 µg/mL, respectively. Computational studies corroborated these results highlighting the interactions between metabolites and the enzymes. In conclusion, G. livingstonei and its constituents possess the potential to modulate enzymes involved in metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahlam Elwekeel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Moawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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2
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Guilhon-Simplicio F, Serrão CKR, Pinto ACDS, Pacheco PAF, Faria RX, da Rocha DR, Ferreira VF, Pereira-Junior RC, Matheeussen A, Baán A, Kiekens F, de Meneses Pereira M, Lima ES, Winter HD, Cos P. Semisynthetic triterpenes led to the generation of selective antitrypanosomal lead compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 99:868-883. [PMID: 35313075 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenes α,β-amyrin are naturally occurring molecules that can serve as building blocks for synthesizing new chemical entities. This study synthesized acyl, carboxyesther, NSAID, and nitrogenous derivatives and evaluated their antimicrobial activity. A cyclodextrin complexation method was developed to improve the solubility of the derivatives. Of the 17 derivatives tested, five exhibited activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei, Leishmania infantum, Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The 9a/9b mixture showed weak activity against the parasites (IC50 24.45-40.32 μM). However, it showed no activity for the other microorganisms. Derivatives 14a/14b exhibited potent activity against T. cruzi (IC50 2.0 nM) in this tested concentration did not show activity to the other microorganisms and were not cytotoxic. Derivatives 15a/15b and 16a/16b demonstrated relevant activity against the parasites (IC50 2.24-5.44 μM), but were also cytotoxic. Derivatives 17a/17b showed low activity against the tested parasites (IC50 21.70-22.79 μM), but they were selective since they did not show activity against other microorganisms. In docking studies, in general, all derivatives showed complementarity with the CYP51 binding site of the trypanosomatid mainly by hydrophobic interactions; thus, it is not conclusive that the molecules act by inhibiting this enzyme. Our results showed that triterpenes derivatives with antitrypanosomal activity could be synthesized by an inexpensive and rapid method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrienn Baán
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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3
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Abstract
The triterpenoid natural products have played an important role in understanding mechanistic models of human diseases. These natural products are diverse, but many have been characterized as reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulators. ROS can regulate cell survival and function, which ultimately affects biological processes leading to disease. The triterpenoids offer an untapped source of creativity to generate tool compounds with high selectivity to regulate ROS. This brief Review highlights the diverse complexity by which these secondary metabolites induce many cell death modalities (apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, etc.) that can affect various complex cell signaling pathways through ROS and ultimately lead to evading or accelerating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Lousiana State University, 133 Chopping Hall, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Lucinda Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Lousiana State University, 133 Chopping Hall, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Department of Chemistry, Lousiana State University, 133 Chopping Hall, Baton
Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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4
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Li M, Zhao M, Wei P, Zhang C, Lu W. Biosynthesis of Soyasapogenol B by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3202-3213. [PMID: 34097255 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Soyasapogenol B is an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene that has various applications in food and healthcare and has a higher biological activity than soyasaponin. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a potential platform for terpenoid production with mature genetic tools for metabolic pathway manipulation. In this study, we developed a biosynthesis method to produce soyasapogenol B. First, we expressed β-amyrin synthase derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra in S. cerevisiae to generate β-amyrin, as the precursor of soyasapogenol B. Several different types of promoters were then used to regulate the expression of key genes in the mevalonate pathway (MVA), and this subsequently increased the yield of β-amyrin to 17.6 mg/L, 25-fold more than that produced in the original strain L01 (0.68 mg/L). Then, using the β-amyrin-producing strain, we expressed soyasapogenol B synthases from Medicago truncatula (CYP93E2 and CYP72A61V2) and from G. glabra (CYP93E3 and CYP72A566). Soyasapogenol B yields were then optimized by using soyasapogenol B synthases and cytochrome P450 reductase from G. glabra. The most effective soyasapogenol B production strain was used for fermentation, and the yield of soyasapogenol B reached 2.9 mg/L in flask and 8.36 mg/L in a 5-L bioreactor with fed glucose and ethanol. This study demonstrated the heterologous synthesis of soyasapogenol B in S. cerevisiae using the combined expression of CYP93E3 and CYP72A566 in the synthesis pathway, which significantly increased the production of soyasapogenol B and provides a reference method for the biosynthesis of other triterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Grossman RB, Yang XW. Structural Revision of Garcinielliptin Oxide and Garcinielliptone E. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2041-2044. [PMID: 32496059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previously, Lin et al. reported the isolation and structural determination of two triterpenoids, garcinielliptin oxide (GO) and garcinielliptone E (GE). Their unusual structural features, which remained unparalleled in subsequent decades despite the intervening discovery of hundreds of other polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), caused us to question the originally assigned structures, so GO was reisolated from Garcinia subelliptica, and its NMR spectra were reacquired. In this Note, we revise the structures of GO and the related GE via NMR analysis, biosynthetic considerations, and chemical conversion. Garcinielliptone T, a new PPAP, was also isolated and characterized. GO exhibited weak inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with an IC50 value of 20.7 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, United States
| | - Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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6
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Lu C, Zhang C, Zhao F, Li D, Lu W. Biosynthesis of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. AIChE J 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhe Lu
- Dept. of Biological Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chuanbo Zhang
- Dept. of Biological Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Fanglong Zhao
- Dept. of Biological Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Dashuai Li
- Dept. of Biological Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Wenyu Lu
- Dept. of Biological Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Key Laboratory of system bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin); Tianjin 300072 China
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7
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Yang XW, Grossman RB, Xu G. Research Progress of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3508-3558. [PMID: 29461053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a class of hybrid natural products sharing the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate and polyketide biosynthetic pathways and showing considerable structure and bioactivity diversity. This review discusses the progress of research into the chemistry and biological activity of 421 natural PPAPs in the past 11 years as well as in-depth studies of biological activities and total synthesis of some PPAPs isolated before 2006. We created an online database of all PPAPs known to date at http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/PPAPs . Two subclasses of biosynthetically related metabolites, spirocyclic PPAPs with octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core and complicated PPAPs produced by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of MPAPs, are brought into the PPAP family. Some PPAPs' relative or absolute configurations are reassigned or critically discussed, and the confusing trivial names in PPAPs investigations are clarified. Pharmacologic studies have revealed a new molecular mechanism whereby hyperforin and its derivatives regulate neurotransmitter levels by activating TRPC6 as well as the antitumor mechanism of garcinol and its analogues. The antineoplastic potential of some type B PPAPs such as oblongifolin C and guttiferone K has increased significantly. As a result of the recent appearances of innovative synthetic methods and strategies, the total syntheses of 22 natural PPAPs including hyperforin, garcinol, and plukenetione A have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , United States
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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8
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Arctium minus crude extract presents antinociceptive effect in a mice acute gout attack model. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:505-519. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Rasamiravaka T, Ngezahayo J, Pottier L, Ribeiro SO, Souard F, Hari L, Stévigny C, Jaziri ME, Duez P. Terpenoids from Platostoma rotundifolium (Briq.) A. J. Paton Alter the Expression of Quorum Sensing-Related Virulence Factors and the Formation of Biofilm in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061270. [PMID: 28613253 PMCID: PMC5486092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Platostoma rotundifolium (Briq.) A. J. Paton aerial parts are widely used in Burundi traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. In order to investigate their probable antibacterial activities, crude extracts from P. rotundifolium were assessed for their bactericidal and anti-virulence properties against an opportunistic bacterial model, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Whereas none of the tested extracts exert bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal proprieties, the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane extracts exhibit anti-virulence properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 characterized by an alteration in quorum sensing gene expression and biofilm formation without affecting bacterial viability. Bioguided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract led to the isolation of major anti-virulence compounds that were identified from nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution molecular spectroscopy spectra as cassipourol, β-sitosterol and α-amyrin. Globally, cassipourol and β-sitosterol inhibit quorum sensing-regulated and -regulatory genes expression in las and rhl systems without affecting the global regulators gacA and vfr, whereas α-amyrin had no effect on the expression of these genes. These terpenoids disrupt the formation of biofilms at concentrations down to 12.5, 50 and 50 µM for cassipourol, β-sitosterol and α-amyrin, respectively. Moreover, these terpenoids reduce the production of total exopolysaccharides and promote flagella-dependent motilities (swimming and swarming). The isolated terpenoids exert a wide range of inhibition processes, suggesting a complex mechanism of action targeting P. aeruginosa virulence mechanisms which support the wide anti-infectious use of this plant species in traditional Burundian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsiry Rasamiravaka
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie, Département de Biochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'Antananarivo (UA), BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
| | - Jérémie Ngezahayo
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Pharmacopée et Médecine Traditionnelle (CRUPHAMET), Faculté des Sciences, Université du Burundi, BP 2700 Bujumbura, Burundi.
| | - Laurent Pottier
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Sofia Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Florence Souard
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Léonard Hari
- Centre de Recherche Universitaire en Pharmacopée et Médecine Traditionnelle (CRUPHAMET), Faculté des Sciences, Université du Burundi, BP 2700 Bujumbura, Burundi.
| | - Caroline Stévigny
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Mondher El Jaziri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet 12, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Pierre Duez
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Bromatologie et Nutrition Humaine, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 205/09, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Université de Mons (UMONS), Bâtiment VI, Chemin du Champ de Mars 25, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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10
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Anti-inflammatory pentacyclic triterpenes from the stems of Euonymus carnosus. Fitoterapia 2017; 118:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Bonamigo T, Campos JF, Alfredo TM, Balestieri JBP, Cardoso CAL, Paredes-Gamero EJ, de Picoli Souza K, dos Santos EL. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Toxic Activities of Propolis from Two Native Bees in Brazil: Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1038153. [PMID: 28377794 PMCID: PMC5362732 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1038153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural mixture of compounds produced by various bee species, including stingless bees. This compound has been shown to exhibit antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. The present study aimed to determine the chemical constituents as well as the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and toxic activities of ethanol extracts of propolis obtained from the stingless bees Scaptotrigona depilis and Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides, which are found in Brazil. Phytosterols, terpenes, phenolic compounds, and tocopherol were identified in the ethanol extracts of propolis (EEPs) in different concentrations. The compounds stigmasterol, taraxasterol, vanilic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin were found only in EEP-M. The EEPs were able to scavenge the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and protected human erythrocytes against lipid peroxidation, with the latter effect being demonstrated by their antihemolytic activity and inhibition of malondialdehyde formation. The EEPs showed cytotoxic activity against erythroleukemic cells and necrosis was the main mechanism of death observed. In addition, the concentrations at which the EEPs were cytotoxic were not toxic against Caenorhabditis elegans. In this context, it is concluded that EEP-S and EEP-M show antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and are promising bioactive mixtures for the control of diseases associated with oxidative stress and tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaliny Bonamigo
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Ferreira Campos
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Tamaeh Monteiro Alfredo
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Kely de Picoli Souza
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Edson Lucas dos Santos
- School of Environmental and Biological Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
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12
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Inoue T, Kainuma M, Baba K, Oshiro N, Kimura N, Chan EWC. Garcinia subelliptica Merr. (Fukugi): A multipurpose coastal tree with promising medicinal properties. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2017; 6:121-127. [PMID: 28163970 PMCID: PMC5289081 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161229060034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this short review, the current knowledge on the botany, ecology, uses, and medicinal properties of the multipurpose Garcinia subelliptica (Fukugi) is updated. As yet, there are no reviews on this indigenous and heritage coastal tree species of the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, which has ethnocultural, ecological, and pharmacological significance. Planted by the Okinawan people some 300 years ago, Fukugi trees serve as windbreaks and accord protection against the destructive typhoons. The species has become a popular ornamental tree, and its bark has been used for dyeing fabrics. It forms part of the food chain for mammals and insects and serves as nesting sites for birds. Endowed with bioactive compounds of benzophenones, xanthones, biflavonoids, and triterpenoids, G. subelliptica possesses anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, trypanocidal, antibacterial, DNA topoisomerase inhibitory, DNA strand scission, choline acetyltransferase enhancing, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitory, and antiandrogenic activities. Fukugetin and fukugiside are two novel biflavonoids named after the species. The chemical constituents of Fukugi fruits when compared with those of mangosteen yielded interesting contrasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Inoue
- Centre for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mami Kainuma
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Karin Baba
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nozomi Oshiro
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Norimi Kimura
- International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Eric Wei Chiang Chan
- Department of Food Science with Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Moreira FDL, de Souza GHB, Rodrigues IV, Lopes NP, de Oliveira ARM. A non-michaelian behavior of the in vitro metabolism of the pentacyclic triterpene alfa and beta amyrins by employing rat liver microsomes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:14-9. [PMID: 23777643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological studies employing alpha and beta amyrin have demonstrated potential application in several biological activities suggesting their application as promising drugs. In the early drug development, metabolism studies may give important parameters regarding the efficacy and safety of the drug candidate. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the enzymatic kinetic parameters of these pentacyclic triterpenes. Chromatographic analyzes were performed using a Shimadzu GC-MS system. The resolution of amyrins was achieved with a DB5-MS column of 0.25 μM film thickness, 30.0 cm length and 0.25 mm diameter. At this condition, the retention times of beta- and alpha-amyrin were 21.3 and 20.2 min, respectively. The proposed method showed to be linear over the concentration range of 0.16-42.18 μM for beta amyrin and 0.11-28.12 μM for alpha amyrin. The lowest concentration quantified by the validated method was 0.16 μM for beta and 0.11 μM for alpha amyrin. The stability study showed that amyrins were stable at room temperature for 12h and at 37°C for 1h. The absolute recovery of the amyrin isomers from the rat microsome was 54.3-59.2%. The enzymatic kinetics presented sigmoidal plots. It was observed a Vmax=0.698 ± 0.022 μmol/mg protein/min, S50=4.4 μM and Hill coefficient of 2.7 ± 0.17 for alpha amyrin and a Vmax=0.775 ± 0.034 μmol/mg protein/min, S50=7.0 μM and Hill coefficient of 2.5 ± 0.21 for beta amyrin. The obtained results give the first clues regarding amyrin metabolism and suggests a more detailed study conducted employing isolated CYP isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Lima Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Lanostane-type triterpenoid and steroid from the stem bark of Klainedoxa gabonensis. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:108-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Antiplatelet effect of phloroglucinol is related to inhibition of cyclooxygenase, reactive oxygen species, ERK/p38 signaling and thromboxane A2 production. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:287-95. [PMID: 22789837 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Platelet dysfunction is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke and myocardial infarction. Many antiplatelet agents are used for prevention and treatment of these diseases. In this study, phloroglucinol (2.5-25 μM) suppressed AA-induced platelet aggregation and thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) production, but not U46619-induced platelet aggregation. Phloroglucinol (100-250 μM) showed little cytotoxicity to platelets. Phloroglucinol inhibited the COX-1 and COX-2 activities by 45-74% and 49-72% respectively at concentrations of 10-50 μM. At concentrations of 1 and 5 μM, phloroglucinol attenuated the AA-induced ROS production in platelets by 30% and 53%, with an IC(50) of 13.8 μM. Phloroglucinol also inhibited the PMA-stimulated ROS production in PMN. Preincubation of platelets by phloroglucinol (10-25 μM) markedly attenuated the AA-induced ERK and p38 phosphorylation. Intravenous administration of phloroglucinol (2.5 and 5 μmol/mouse) suppressed the ex vivo AA-induced platelet aggregation by 57-71%. Phloroglucinol administration also elevated the mice tail bleeding time. Moreover, phloroglucinol inhibited the IL-1β-induced PGE(2) production in pulp fibroblasts. These results indicate that antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects of phloroglucinol are related to inhibition of COX, ROS and TXA2 production as well as ERK/p38 phosphorylation in platelets. Phloroglucinol further suppress PMA-induced ROS production in PMN. The antiplatelet effect of phloroglucinol was confirmed by ex vivo study. Clinically, the consumption of phloroglucinol-containing food/natural products as nutritional supplement may be helpful to cardiovascular health. Phloroglucinol has potential pharmacological use.
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Lin KW, Huang AM, Yang SC, Weng JR, Hour TC, Pu YS, Lin CN. Cytotoxic and antioxidant constituents from Garcinia subelliptica. Food Chem 2012; 135:851-9. [PMID: 22868169 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new triterpenoids, garcinielliptones Q (1) and S (3), and a new phloroglucinol, garcinielliptone R (2), were isolated from the seed of Garcinia subelliptica. Their structures were established by analysis of their spectroscopic data. Phloroglucinol, garcinielliptone FC (4) from this plant exhibited a significant increase of antiproliferative effect, while 4 combined with cisplatin significantly caused decrease of cell inhibition induced by cisplatin in NTUB1. Exposure of NTUB1 cells to 4 cotreated with cisplatin for significantly decreased the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than that of the total amount generated by 4 and cisplatin. These results suggested that 4 could protect the cisplatin toxicity through reduction of ROS in NTUB1. Phloroglucinols, garcinielliptones, A (5) and F (7), and garsubelline A (6), from this plant, revealed ABTS radical cation scavenging activity and 5 displayed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase. These finding showed that 5-7 may be used as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Lin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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17
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Lin KW, Huang AM, Hour TC, Yang SC, Pu YS, Lin CN. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-mediated p53 activation in NTUB1 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4274-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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