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Alruhaimi RS, Siddiq Abduh M, Ahmeda AF, Bin-Ammar A, Kamel EM, Hassanein EHM, Li C, Mahmoud AM. Berberine attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress and modulates lymphocyte E-NTPDase in acute hyperlipidemia. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22166. [PMID: 38424708 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common clinically encountered health condition worldwide that promotes the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Berberine (BBR) is a natural product with acknowledged anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and metabolic effects. This study evaluated the effect of BBR on lipid alterations, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in rats with acute hyperlipidemia induced by poloxamer-407 (P-407). Rats were pretreated with BBR (25 and 50 mg/kg) for 14 days and acute hyperlipidemia was induced by a single dose of P-407 (500 mg/kg). BBR ameliorated hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and plasma lipoproteins in P-407-adminsitered rats. Plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was decreased, and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity was enhanced in hyperlipidemic rats. The expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) was downregulated in hyperlipidemic rats. BBR enhanced LPL activity, upregulated LDL-R, and ABCA1, and suppressed HMG-CoA reductase in P-407-administered rats. Pretreatment with BBR ameliorated lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory mediators (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interferon-γ, IL-4 and IL-18) and enhanced antioxidants. In addition, BBR suppressed lymphocyte ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (E-NTPDase) and ecto-adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) as well as NO and TNF-α release by macrophages isolated from normal and hyperlipidemic rats. In silico investigations revealed the binding affinity of BBR toward LPL, HMG-CoA reductase, LDL-R, PSK9, ABCA1, and E-NTPDase. In conclusion, BBR effectively prevented acute hyperlipidemia and its associated inflammatory responses by modulating LPL, cholesterolgenesis, cytokine release, and lymphocyte E-NTPDase and E-ADA. Therefore, BBR is an effective and safe natural compound that might be employed as an adjuvant against hyperlipidemia and its associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Zoology Department, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Alruhaimi RS, Hassanein EHM, Abd El-Aziz MK, Siddiq Abduh M, Bin-Ammar A, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. The melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine protects against acute pancreatitis induced by cadmium by attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110833. [PMID: 37634447 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is a serious effect of the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) and inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are implicated in Cd-induced pancreatic injury. This study evaluated the effect of the melatonin receptor agonist agomelatine (AGM) on Cd-induced acute pancreatitis (AP), pointing to its modulatory effect on inflammation, OS, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Rats were supplemented with AGM orally for 14 days and a single injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on day 7. Cd increased serum amylase and lipase and caused pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissue injury. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were elevated, nuclear factor (NF)-kB p65, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CD40 were upregulated, and antioxidants were decreased in the pancreas of Cd-administered rats. AGM ameliorated serum amylase and lipase and pancreatic OS, NF-kB p65, CD40, pro-inflammatory mediators and caspase-3, prevented tissue injury and enhanced antioxidants. AGM downregulated Keap1 and enhanced Nrf2 and HO-1 in the pancreas of Cd-administered rats. In silico findings revealed the binding affinity of AGM with Keap1, HO-1, CD40L and caspase-3. In conclusion, AGM protected against AP induced by Cd by preventing inflammation, OS and apoptosis and modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71562, Egypt
| | | | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Abdul-Rahman AM, Elwekeel A, Alruhaimi RS, Kamel EM, Bin-Ammar A, Mahmoud AM, Moawad AS, Zaki MA. Multi-target action of Garcinia livingstonei extract and secondary metabolites against fatty acid synthase, α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101762. [PMID: 37701752 PMCID: PMC10494472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia livingstonei is a traditional herbal medicine that showed beneficial health effects and bioactivities. Four compounds have been isolated from the plant leaves and were elucidated as lupeol, betulin, podocarpusflavone A, and amentoflavone. The inhibitory activities of G. livingstonei extract and isolated metabolites against fatty acid synthase (FAS), α-glucosidase, and xanthine oxidase (XO) were investigated in vitro. The affinity of the compounds toward the studied enzymes was investigated in silico. The plant extract inhibited FAS, α-glucosidase, and XO with IC50 values of 26.34, 67.88, and 33.05 µg/mL, respectively. Among the isolated metabolites, betulin exhibited the most inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and XO with IC50 values of 38.96 and 30.94 µg/mL, respectively. Podocarpusflavone A and betulin were the most potent inhibitors of FAS with IC50 values of 24.08 and 27.96 µg/mL, respectively. Computational studies corroborated these results highlighting the interactions between metabolites and the enzymes. In conclusion, G. livingstonei and its constituents possess the potential to modulate enzymes involved in metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. Abdul-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahlam Elwekeel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Moawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Zaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ramadan SA, Kamel EM, Alruhaimi RS, Bin-Ammar A, Ewais MA, Khowailed AA, Hassanein EH, Mahmoud AM. An integrated phytochemical, in silico and in vivo approach to identify the protective effect of Caroxylon salicornicum against cisplatin hepatotoxicity. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101766. [PMID: 37731943 PMCID: PMC10507235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is a chemotherapeutic medication for the treatment of cancer. However, hepatotoxicity is among the adverse effects limiting its use. Caroxylon salicornicum is traditionally used for treating inflammatory diseases. In this investigation, three flavonoids, four coumarins, and three sterols were detected in the petroleum ether fraction of C. salicornicum (PEFCS). The isolated phytochemicals exhibited binding affinity toward Keap1, NF-κB, and SIRT1 in silico. The hepatoprotective role of PEFCS (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated in vivo. Rats received PEFCS for 14 days and CIS on day 15. CIS increased ALT, AST and ALP and caused tissue injury along with increased ROS, MDA, and NO. Hepatic NF-κB p65, pro-inflammatory mediators, Bax and caspase-3 were increased in CIS-treated animals while antioxidants and Bcl-2 were decreased. PEFCS mitigated hepatocyte injury, and ameliorated transaminases, ALP, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory markers. PEFCS downregulated pro-apoptosis markers and boosted Bcl-2 and antioxidants. In addition, PEFCS upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, and SIRT1 in CIS-administered rats. In conclusion, PEFCS is rich in beneficial phytoconstituents and conferred protection against liver injury by attenuating OS and inflammation and upregulating Nrf2 and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Madeha A. Ewais
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | | | - Emad H.M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University-Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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Alruhaimi RS, Mostafa-Hedeab G, Abduh MS, Bin-Ammar A, Hassanein EHM, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. A flavonoid-rich fraction of Euphorbia peplus attenuates hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in a type 2 diabetes rat model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1204641. [PMID: 37397470 PMCID: PMC10311489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1204641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and hyperglycemia. Plants are valuable sources of therapeutic agents for the management of T2D. Euphorbia peplus has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, but its beneficial role in T2D has not been fully explored. Methods: The anti-diabetic efficacy of E. peplus extract (EPE) was studied using rats with T2D induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EPE for 4 weeks. Results: Phytochemical fractionation of the aerial parts of E. peplus led to the isolation of seven known flavonoids. Rats with T2D exhibited IR, impaired glucose tolerance, decreased liver hexokinase and glycogen, and upregulated glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F-1,6-BPase). Treatment with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg EPE for 4 weeks ameliorated hyperglycemia, IR, liver glycogen, and the activities of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes. EPE attenuated dyslipidemia, serum transaminases, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and liver lipid accumulation, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, and lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and enhanced antioxidants. All EPE doses upregulated serum adiponectin and liver peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in HFD/STZ-induced rats. The isolated flavonoids showed in silico binding affinity toward hexokinase, NF-κB, and PPARγ. Conclusion: E. peplus is rich in flavonoids, and its extract ameliorated IR, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation and redox imbalance, and upregulated adiponectin and PPARγ in rats with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Emadeldin M. Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Kamel EM, Bin-Ammar A, El-Bassuony AA, Alanazi MM, Altharawi A, Ahmeda AF, Alanazi AS, Lamsabhi AM, Mahmoud AM. Molecular modeling and DFT studies on the antioxidant activity of Centaurea scoparia flavonoids and molecular dynamics simulation of their interaction with β-lactoglobulin. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12361-12374. [PMID: 37091601 PMCID: PMC10116863 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Centaurea have been widely used as natural therapeutics in different countries. This study investigated the antioxidant-structure activity relationship of eight flavonoids isolated from Centaurea scoparia using DFT studies and in vitro radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition assays, and to correlate the theoretical values with the experimental findings. Docking analysis was carried out to explore the binding modes of the isolated phytochemicals with XO and bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG). Interactions of the isolated compounds with BLG were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which revealed the involvement of hydrogen bonding. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of BLG and BLG-flavonoid complexes reached equilibrium and fluctuated during the 10 ns MD simulations. The radius of gyration (Rg) and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) revealed that various systems were stabilized at approximately 2500 ps. In addition, the RMS fluctuations profile indicated that the ligand's active site exerted rigidity behavior during the simulation. The hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and the energies of hydrogen abstractions were estimated by calculating the bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of O-H in gas phase and water. The isolated compounds showed radical scavenging and XO inhibitory activities along with binding affinity with XO as revealed in silico. The BDE was linked to the radical scavenging processes occurring in polar solvents. These processes are single electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT) and sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET). Our calculations indicated the agreement between the calculated results and the experimentally measured antioxidant activity of the flavonoids isolated from C. scoparia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A El-Bassuony
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University Ajman 346 United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University Ajman 346 United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwag S Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Al Mokhtar Lamsabhi
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC Cantoblanco Madrid 28049 Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Salah Salim St. Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester M1 5GD UK
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Farage AE, Abdo W, Osman A, Abdel-Kareem MA, Hakami ZH, Alsulimani A, Bin-Ammar A, Alanazi AS, Alsuwayt B, Alanazi MM, Antar SA, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. Betulin prevents high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by mitigating oxidative stress and upregulating Nrf2 and SIRT1 in rats. Life Sci 2023; 322:121688. [PMID: 37030617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic hepatic disorder characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. This study explored the effect of betulin (BE), a terpenoid with promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing effects, on NAFLD induced by high fat diet (HFD). Rats received HFD and BE (15 and 30 mg/kg) for 12 weeks and blood and liver samples were collected for analyses. HFD caused hyperlipidemia, cholesterol and triglycerides accumulation in the liver, hepatocellular ballooning, fibrosis, insulin resistance (IR), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and NF-kB p65 upregulation. BE ameliorated serum and liver lipids, blood glucose, and insulin, liver LPO, prevented steatosis and fibrosis, suppressed NF-kB p65 and enhanced antioxidants in HFD-fed rats. BE downregulated ACC1 and FAS, and upregulated Nrf2, HO-1 and SIRT1 in the liver of HFD-fed rats. In silico investigations revealed the binding affinity of BE towards NF-kB, Keap1, HO-1 and SIRT1. In conclusion, BE attenuated HFD-induced NAFLD by ameliorating hyperlipidemia, IR, lipogenesis, liver lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress. The protective effect of BE was associated with enhanced Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and SIRT1.
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Abduh MS, Alzoghaibi MA, Alzoghaibi AM, Bin-Ammar A, Alotaibi MF, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. Arbutin ameliorates hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress and modulates adipocytokines and PPARγ in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Life Sci 2023; 321:121612. [PMID: 36948387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Arbutin is a glycosylated hydroquinone with antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemia effects. However, its beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes (T2D) were not clarified. This study evaluated the effect of arbutin on hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in T2D. Rats induced by high fat diet and streptozotocin were treated with arbutin (25 and 50 mg/kg for 4 weeks). Diabetic rats exhibited glucose intolerance, elevated HbA1c%, reduced insulin, and high HOMA-IR. Liver glycogen and hexokinase activity were decreased in T2D rats while glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose-1,6- biphosphatase (FBPase), and glycogen phosphorylase were upregulated. Circulating and hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides and serum transaminases were elevated in T2D rats. Arbutin ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin deficiency and resistance, and liver glycogen and alleviated the activity of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes. Both doses of arbutin decreased serum transaminases and resistin, and liver lipids, TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, downregulated liver resistin and fatty acid synthase, and increased serum and liver adiponectin, and liver reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). These effects were associated with the upregulation of hepatic PPARγ. Arbutin inhibited α-glucosidase in vitro and in silico investigations revealed the ability of arbutin to bind PPARγ, hexokinase, and α-glucosidase. In conclusion, arbutin effectively ameliorated glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and modulated carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, antioxidants, adipokines and PPARγ in T2D in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
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Abduh MS, Saghir SAM, Al Hroob AM, Bin-Ammar A, Al-Tarawni AH, Murugaiyah V, Mahmoud AM. Averrhoa carambola leaves prevent dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in a rat model of poloxamer-407-induced acute hyperlipidemia. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134812. [PMID: 36814487 PMCID: PMC9939629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The star fruit [Averrhoa carambola L (Oxalidaceae)] is traditionally used in the treatment of many ailments in many countries. It possesses several pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it contains the neurotoxic caramboxin and its high content of oxalic acid limits its consumption by individuals with compromised kidney function. This study assessed the anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of different fractions of the methanolic extract of A. carambola leaves (MEACL). Methods: The antioxidant activity was investigated using FRAP, and ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging assays and the inhibitory activity toward pancreatic lipase (PL) and HMG-CoA reductase was assayed in vitro. Acute hyperlipidemia was induced by poloxamer-407 (P-407) in rats and different fractions of MEACL (n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol, ethyl acetate (EA), water, and chloroform) were orally administered. Cholesterol and triglycerides were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h and LDL-C, vLDL-C, HDL-C, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidants were assayed after 48 h. The expression of ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, LDL-R, SREBP-1, and SREBP-2 and the activity of HMG-CoA reductase were assayed in the liver of P-407-administered rats treated with the EA fraction. Results: The in vitro data revealed potent radical-scavenging activities of MEACL fractions with the most potent effect showed by the EA fraction that also suppressed the activities of HMG-CoA reductase and PL. In P-407-induced hyperlipidemic rats, all fractions prevented dyslipidemia as shown by the decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, vLDL-C and atherogenic index. MEACL and its fractions prevented LPO and boosted GSH, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in P-407-administered rats. The EA fraction showed more effective anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects than other fractions and downregulated SREBP-2 while upregulated ABCA1 and LDL-R and ameliorated LPL and HMG-CoA reductase in hyperlipidemic rats. Conclusion: MEACL showed in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and the EA fraction significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia in a rat model of P-407-induced acute hyperlipidemia by modulating LPL, PL, HMG-CoA reductase, and cholesterolgenesis-related factors. Therefore, the leaves of A. carambola represent a safe alternative for the star fruit particularly in kidney disease patients, and the EA is the most effective anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa Siddiq Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan A M Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Amir M Al Hroob
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Medical Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Albandari Bin-Ammar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat H Al-Tarawni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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