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Chen F, Wang H, Lin Z, Hu J, Wu Y, Shi L, Wang J, Xiu Y, Lin S. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic bioactive compounds, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extract from one selected wild berry (Rubus coreanus) as novel natural agent for food preservation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Alharbi KS, Al-Abbasi FA, Alzarea SI, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Almalki WH, Shahid Nadeem M, Afzal M, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Effects of the Anthocyanin Hirsutidin on Gastric Ulcers: Improved Healing through Antioxidant Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:2406-2412. [PMID: 36215657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine the effect of hirsutidin on ethanol-induced stomach ulcers in rats. Rats (n = 24 rats/group) were separated at random into the following groups: normal saline-treated (normal control), ethanol-treated (ethanol control), 10 mg/kg hirsutidin + ethanol-treated (hirsutidin 10), and 20 mg/kg hirsutidin + ethanol-treated (hirsutidin 20). All the groups received the respective treatment orally for 7 days. On day 7, i.e., after 24 h of fasting, except for the normal control group, all the groups orally received 5 mL/kg of ethanol. Four hours later, rats were anaesthetized, serum was isolated from the blood, and biochemical tests were performed. The stomach tissue was utilized for ulcer grading, histology, and biochemical analysis. The rats developed stomach acidity and ulcers after being given ethanol based on increased ulcer score, disturbed cellular architecture, increased oxidative stress, myeloperoxidase and decreased endogenous antioxidants, and nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 concentration. Ethanol-treated rats also displayed increased tumor necrosis factor-α, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and inflammatory cytokines. The treatment with hirsutidin protected and significantly restored all serum parameters in ethanol-induced stomach ulcers and may have antiulcer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S A Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Shipa SJ, Khandokar L, Bari MS, Qais N, Rashid MA, Haque MA, Mohamed IN. An insight into the anti-ulcerogenic potentials of medicinal herbs and their bioactive metabolites. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115245. [PMID: 35367330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) ranks top among the most prominent gastrointestinal problems prevalent around the world. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pathogenic infection by Helicobacter pylori, imbalances between gastrointestinal regulatory factors and pathological hyperacidity are major contributors towards the development of peptic ulcers. Although synthetic drugs of multiple pharmacological classes are abundantly available, inadequacy of such agents in ensuring complete recovery in not uncommon. Therefore, pharmacological explorations of herbal products including plant extracts and their respective isolated phytoconstituents, for potential gastroprotective and antiulcer properties, are regular practice among the scientific community. Moreover, the historical preferences of a significant share of world population towards herbal-based medication over modern synthetic drugs also contribute significantly to such endeavors. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review has endeavored to present ethnomedicinal and pharmacological prospects of a significant number of authenticated plant species in terms of their capacity to exert gastroprotection and antiulcer activities both in vitro and in vivo. The information delineated along the way was further subjected to critical analysis to ascertain the possible future prospects of such findings into designing plant-derived products in future for the treatment of peptic ulcer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic version of prominent bibliographic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and MEDLINE were explored extensively for the identification and compilation of relevant information. The plant names and respective family names were verified through the Plant List (version 1.1) and World Flora Online 2021. All relevant chemical structures were verified through PubChem and SciFinder databases and illustrated with ChemDraw Ultra 12.0. RESULTS A colossal number of 97 plant species categorized under 58 diverse plant families have been discussed in the review for their gastroprotective and antiulcer properties. In vivo illustrations of the pharmacological properties were achieved for almost all the species under consideration. 29 individual phytoconstituents from these sources were also characterized with similar pharmacological potentials. Majority of the plant extracts as well as their constituents were found to exert their gastroprotective effects through antioxidative pathway featuring both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanism. Moreover, active inhibition of acid secretion, upregulation of gastroprotective mediators and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, were also associated with a prominent number of plants or products thereof. CONCLUSIONS Comparative evaluations of the plant sources for their antiulcer activities, both as individual and as combination formulations, are necessary to be conducted in human subjects under properly regulated clinical conditions. Moreover, the efficacy and safety of such products should also be evaluated against those of the currently available treatment options. This will further facilitate in ascertaining their suitability and superiority, if any, in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases. Implementation of these endeavors may eventually lead to development of more efficient treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowkat Jahan Shipa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Labony Khandokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sazzadul Bari
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nazmul Qais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Abdur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh.
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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Husain A, Chanana H, Khan SA, Dhanalekshmi UM, Ali M, Alghamdi AA, Ahmad A. Chemistry and Pharmacological Actions of Delphinidin, a Dietary Purple Pigment in Anthocyanidin and Anthocyanin Forms. Front Nutr 2022; 9:746881. [PMID: 35369062 PMCID: PMC8969030 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.746881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are naturally occurring water-soluble flavonoids abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. They are polymethoxyderivatives of 2-phenyl-benzopyrylium or flavylium salts. Delphinidin (Dp) is a purple-colored plant pigment, which occurs in a variety of berries, eggplant, roselle, and wine. It is found in a variety of glycosidic forms ranging from glucoside to arabinoside. Dp is highly active in its aglycone form, but the presence of a sugar moiety is vital for its bioavailability. Several animal and human clinical studies have shown that it exerts beneficial effects on gut microbiota. Dp exhibits a variety of useful biological activities by distinct and complex mechanisms. This manuscript highlights the basic characteristics, chemistry, biosynthesis, stability profiling, chemical synthesis, physicochemical parameters along with various analytical methods developed for extraction, isolation and characterization, diverse biological activities and granted patents to this lead anthocyanin molecule, Dp. This review aims to open pathways for further exploration and research investigation on the true potential of the naturally occurring purple pigment (Dp) in its anthocyanidin and anthocyanin forms beyond nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Husain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Harshit Chanana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - U M Dhanalekshmi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
| | - M Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A Alghamdi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Applied Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Dvornyk V, Ponomarenko I, Minyaylo O, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Association of the functionally significant polymorphisms of the MMP9 gene with H. pylori-positive gastric ulcer in the Caucasian population of Central Russia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257060. [PMID: 34492072 PMCID: PMC8423286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The study analyzed the association of functionally significant polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) genes with the development of gastric ulcer (GU) in Caucasians from Central Russia. Methods The 781 participants, including 434 patients with GU (196 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive and 238 H. pylori-negative) and 347 controls (all H. pylori-negative) were recruited for the study. Ten SNPs of the MMP1 (rs1799750), MMP2 (rs243865), MMP3 (rs679620), MMP8 (rs1940475), and MMP9 (rs3918242, rs3918249, rs3787268, rs17576, rs17577, and rs2250889) genes were considered for association with GU using multiple logistic regression. The SNPs associated with GU and loci linked (r2≥0.8) to them were analyzed in silico for their functional assignments. Results The SNPs of the MMP9 gene were associated with H. pylori-positive GU: alleles C of rs3918249 (OR = 2.02, pperm = 0.008) and A of rs3787268 (OR = 1.60–1.82, pperm ≤ 0.016), and eight haplotypes of all studied MMP9 gene SNPs (OR = 1.85–2.04, pperm ≤ 0.016) increased risk for H. pylori-positive GU. None of the analyzed SNPs was independently associated with GU and H. pylori-negative GU. Two haplotypes of the MMP9 gene (contributed by rs3918242, rs3918249, rs17576, and rs3787268) increased risk for GU (OR = 1.62–1.65, pperm ≤ 0.006). Six loci of the MMP9 gene, which are associated with H. pylori-positive GU, and 65 SNPs linked to them manifest significant epigenetic effects, have pronounced eQTL (17 genes) and sQTL (6 genes) values. Conclusion SNPs of the MMP9 were associated with H. pylori-positive GU but not with H. pylori-negative GU in Caucasians of Central Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Dvornyk
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irina Ponomarenko
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Oksana Minyaylo
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Evgeny Reshetnikov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
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Hussein J, El-Bana MA, El-Naggar ME, Abdel-Latif Y, El-Sayed SM, Medhat D. Prophylactic effect of probiotics fortified with Aloe vera pulp nanoemulsion against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:699-710. [PMID: 34376109 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1958112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of probiotics fortified with Aloe vera pulp nanoemulsion on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer (GU). Freshly harvested Aloe vera pulp nanoemulsion was prepared and subsequently inoculated with 2% of the activated yogurt starter culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbreukii subsp. bulgaricus (1:1). Chemical composition and physicochemical characterization of yogurt and the Aloe vera pulp nanoemulsion were assessed. GU was induced by ethanol. Rats were randomly assigned into control, GU, and four prophylactic groups including probiotics fortified with Aloe vera pulp nanoemulsion in the percentage of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% respectively. Serum levels of paraoxynase (POX) and tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase (CAT) activity were assessed. Serum levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), ceramide, and homocysteine (Hcy) were evaluated. Results indicated that the Aloe vera pulp nanoemulsion was appeared in spherical nano form with droplets diameter around 330 nm. Ethanol induces GU to cause a significant increase in the levels of MDA, NO, NF-κB, IL-1β, MMP-9, Hcy, and ceramide along with a significant decrease in POX and CAT activities compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Pretreatment with different concentrations of probiotics fortified with Aloe vera pulp nanoemulsion with, especially the 30% concentration, significantly reduce the oxidative stress and ameliorate the release of different inflammatory mediators suggesting it as a promising approach in the protection against GU via scavenging superoxide radicals and inhibiting the activation of the inflammatory signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Hussein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona A El-Bana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mehrez E El-Naggar
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fabric Department,Textile Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Abdel-Latif
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Dalia Medhat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Functionally significant polymorphisms of the MMP-9 gene are associated with peptic ulcer disease in the Caucasian population of Central Russia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13515. [PMID: 34188075 PMCID: PMC8241834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the association of functionally significant SNPs of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes in the development of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in Caucasians from Central Russia. Ten SNPs of the MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, and MMP-9 genes were analyzed for association with PUD in a cohort of 798 patients with PUD (including 404 H. pylori-positive and 394 H. pylori-negative) and 347 H. pylori-negative controls using logistic regression and assuming the additive, recessive, and dominant genetic models. The variants of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-8 did not manifest any significant associations with the diseases. Five SNPs of the MMP-9 gene demonstrated such association. Allele G of the rs17576 MMP-9 locus conferred a higher risk for PUD (ORadj = 1.31, pperm = 0.016), haplotype AACG of loci rs17576-rs3787268-rs2250889-rs17577 of the MMP-9 gene decreased risk for PUD (ORadj = 0.17, pperm = 0.003). Also, allele C of rs3918249, allele G of rs17576 and haplotype CG of rs3918249-rs17576 of the MMP-9 gene increased risk for H. pylori-positive PUD (ORadj = 1.82, pperm = 0.002; ORadj = 1.53–1.95 pperm = 0.001–0.013 and ORadj = 1.49 pperm = 0.009 respectively). The above loci and 50 linked to them possess significant regulatory effects and may affect the alternative splicing of four genes and the expression of 17 genes in various organs and tissues related to the PUD pathogenesis.
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Ardalani H, Hadipanah A, Sahebkar A. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:662-702. [PMID: 31880244 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666191227151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is the most common disorder of the stomach and duodenum, which is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. PUD occurs due to an imbalance between offensive and defensive factors and Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics are frequently used for the treatment. Recently, medicinal plants have emerged as efficacious, safe and widely available alternative therapies for PUD. The aim of this review was to study the medicinal plants and phytochemicals, which have been used for PUD treatment to evaluate the potential role of natural compounds to develop herbal remedies for PUD. Information was obtained using a literature search of electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys and Cochrane. Common and scientific names of the plants and keywords such as 'peptic ulcer', 'gastric ulcer', 'stomach ulcer' and 'duodenal ulcer' were used for search. Eventually, 279 plants from 89 families were identified and information on the plant families, part of the plant used, chemical constituents, extracts, ulcer model used and dosage were abstracted. The results indicated that most of the anti-PUD plants were from Asteraceae (7.1%) and Fabaceae (6.8%) families while flavonoids (49%), tannins (13%), saponins (10%) and alkaloids (9%) were the most common natural compounds in plants with anti-PUD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Ardalani
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department Agroecology, Aarhus University, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Amin Hadipanah
- Department of Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhang W, Lian Y, Li Q, Sun L, Chen R, Lai X, Lai Z, Yuan E, Sun S. Preventative and Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204626. [PMID: 33050668 PMCID: PMC7594042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal tract disorder that affects up to 20% of the population of the world. Treatment of peptic ulcer remains challenging due to the limited effectiveness and severe side effects of the currently available drugs. Hence, natural compounds, owing to their medicinal, ecological, and other safe properties, are becoming popular potential candidates in preventing and treating peptic ulcers. Flavonoids, the most abundant polyphenols in plants, exhibit gastroprotective effects against peptic ulcer both in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we summarized the anti-ulcer functions and mechanisms, and also the bioavailability, efficacy, and safety, of flavonoid monomers in the gastrointestinal tract. Flavonoids exerted cytoprotective and rehabilitative effects by not only strengthening defense factors, such as mucus and prostaglandins, but also protecting against potentially harmful factors via their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Although controlled clinical studies are limited at present, flavonoids have shown a promising preventable and therapeutic potential in peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Zhang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yingyi Lian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Qiuhua Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lingli Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xingfei Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Lai
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
| | - Shili Sun
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences or Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tea Resources Innovation & Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (R.C.); (X.L.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (S.S.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-3848 (E.Y.); +86-20-8516-1045 (S.S.)
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da Silva DT, Rodrigues RF, Machado NM, Maurer LH, Ferreira LF, Somacal S, da Veiga ML, Rocha MIDUMD, Vizzotto M, Rodrigues E, Barcia MT, Emanuelli T. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)-based blueberry extracts protect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109718. [PMID: 33292963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry is a polyphenol-rich fruit bearing great bioactive potential. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) emerged as putatively biocompatible solvents that could substitute for toxic organic solvents in the extraction of fruit phenolic compounds for developing nutraceuticals or functional foods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects and the biocompatibility of a blueberry crude extract (CE) obtained using NADES and of the extract fractions (anthocyanin-rich fraction - ARF; non-anthocyanin phenolic fraction - NAPF) in a model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. CE was the NADES-containing, ready-to-use extract that was obtained using choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid NADES (0.5:2:0.5 M ratio). ARF and NAPF were the NADES-free fractions obtained by solid phase purification of CE and were investigated to identify the bioactive fraction responsible for the effects of CE. Animals were treated for 14 days with water, NADES vehicle, CE, ARF, NAPF or lansoprazole (intragastric) and then received ethanol to induce gastric ulcer. CE decreased ulcer index and preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa. The pretreatment with CE or ARF reduced glutathione depletion and the inflammatory response. All treatments, including NADES vehicle reduced protein oxidation and nitric oxide overproduction in ethanol-treated rats. Additionally, ARF increased short-chain fatty acids in feces. These findings suggest that NADES can be used to obtain biocompatible extracts of blueberry that exhibit gastroprotective effects with no need of solvent removal. The gastroprotective effects were mainly associated to ARF but NAPF and even NADES vehicle also contributed to some protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariane Trivisiol da Silva
- Postgraduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Fritzsche Rodrigues
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Minuzzi Machado
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Lauren Fresinghelli Ferreira
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Leite da Veiga
- Department of Morphology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Vizzotto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Temperate Climate, 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Natural Antioxidants Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Postgraduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Park JU, Cho JS, Kim JS, Kim HK, Jo YH, Rahman MAA, Lee YI. Synergistic Effect of Rubus crataegifolius and Ulmus macrocarpa Against Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates and Gastritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:4. [PMID: 32153392 PMCID: PMC7044145 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most widespread infections involved in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop medications against H. pylori. This study aimed to evaluate synergistic effect of Rubus crataegifolius (RF) and Ulmus macrocarpa Hance (UL) against H. pylori. Antibacterial susceptibility of each extract either separately or in combination was studied against two H. pylori standard strains and 11 clinical isolates using agar dilution method. The effect of the extracts on H. pylori inoculated Balb/c mice model was also studied using single dosing (100 mg/kg each) approach. The MIC50 of RF and UL were more than 100 and 200 µg/ml, respectively, against the tested strains. However, simultaneous treatment with RF and UL at 75 and 50 µg/ml, respectively, showed decreased viable cell number, MIC70, and at 75 µg/ml each showed synergic effect with MIC90. On H. pylori inoculated Balb/c mice model, RF and UL separately (100 mg/kg each) showed moderate anti-H. pylori effect, while simultaneous treatment of RF and UL with same dose showed significant synergistic anti-gastric effects in stomach. The results showed a significant synergistic effect of plants extract against H. pylori infection and eventually gastric mucosal damage. Our finding could be considered a valuable support in the treatment of H. pylori induced gastritis and may contribute to the development of new and safe combined herbal product as anti-H. pylori regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Uoon Park
- Industrial Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Jong Seok Kim
- College of Medicine, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Kim
- R & D, Kolmar BNH Co., Ltd., Sejong, South Korea
| | - Young Hee Jo
- R & D, Kolmar BNH Co., Ltd., Sejong, South Korea
| | | | - Young Ik Lee
- Industrial Bioresource Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Lee's Biotech Co., KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
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Yu AN, Yang YN, Yang Y, Zheng FP, Sun BG. Free and bound volatile compounds in the Rubus coreanus fruits of different ripening stages. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12964. [PMID: 31608465 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the free and bound volatiles in the Rubus coreanus (RC) fruits of different ripening stages. Thirty-seven free volatiles and 28 bound volatiles were identified in RC fruit for the first time. The contents of free (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, 2-heptanol, β-myrcene, (E), (Z)-β-ocimene, allo-ocimene, linalool, cosmene, α-terpineol, methyl salicylate, eugenol, and β-damascenone remain high, and increased with the ripening of RC fruit. The contents of 11 bound volatiles decreased during the ripening, and became lower than the contents of their free volatiles in the ripe fruit. The ripe black fruit is closely correlated to the free nonanal, sulcatone, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, 2-heptanol, 1-heptanol, 1-nonanol, (E)-linalool oxide (furanoid), and β-damascenone, and bound (E)-2-hexen-1-ol and (E)- β-ocimene. The ripe RC fruit is more fruity and floral than unripe fruit. The gradually hydrolyzed bound volatiles can enhance the fruity, floral, and herbaceous odors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Rubus coreanus (RC) fruit is a functional natural fruit. Both fresh and processed Rubus coreanus fruits including jams, confitures, wine, yogurt, vinegar, and beverages, as well as ingredients in functional foods or cosmetics have been extensively consumed. However, the free and bound aroma compounds in RC fruit have not been well understood. This work illustrates the contributions of free and bound volatiles to the flavor of RC fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Nong Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yi-Ni Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Ping Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Guo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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Park JU, Kang JH, Rahman MAA, Hussain A, Cho JS, Lee YI. Gastroprotective Effects of Plants Extracts on Gastric Mucosal Injury in Experimental Sprague-Dawley Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8759708. [PMID: 30906783 PMCID: PMC6398063 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8759708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rubus crataegifolius (black raspberry, RF), Ulmus macrocarpa (elm, UL), and Gardenia jasminoides (cape jasmine, GJ) are well known for hundreds of years as folk medicines in China and Korea to treat various gastrointestinal disturbance. The present study evaluated the gastroprotective effects of these plants either single or in combination against HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis and indomethacin-induced ulcer in rat model. Stomach ulcer was induced by oral ingestions of HCl/EtOH or indomethacin. Treatment with RF, UL, and GJ separately or in combination was done 1 h before ulcer induction. On HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis RF, UL, and GJ at a dose of 150 mg/kg showed comparable antigastritis effect (less than 50% inhibition) with lesion index of 94.97±8.05, 108.48±11.51, and 79.10±9.77 mm compared to cimetidine (45.33±23.73 mm). However, the combination of RF, UL, and GJ at a dose of 150 mg/kg with a ratio of 50:50:50 showed remarkable antigastritis effect with 77% inhibition. The observed lesion index at a ratio of 50:50:50 was 23.34±9.11 mm similar to cimetidine (18.88±19.88 mm). On indomethacin-induced ulcer, RF and GJ showed 38.28% and 51.8% inhibition whereas UL showed around 17.73% inhibition at 150 mg/kg. Combination of RF, UL, and GJ at 150 mg/kg showed strong antigastritis effect with 83.71% inhibition. These findings suggest strong gastroprotective effect of combined extract. In addition, these plants showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH scavenging assay and antilipid peroxidation activity. Combination of black raspberry, elm, and cape jasmine might be a significant systemic gastroprotective agent that could be utilized for the treatment and/or protection of gastritis and gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Uoon Park
- Lee's Biotech Co., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BVC #202, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kang
- Lee's Biotech Co., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BVC #202, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Aziz Abdur Rahman
- Lee's Biotech Co., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BVC #202, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahtesham Hussain
- Lee's Biotech Co., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BVC #202, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Cho
- Lee's Biotech Co., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BVC #202, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ik Lee
- Lee's Biotech Co., Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BVC #202, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Industrial Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Sharifi-Rad M, Fokou PVT, Sharopov F, Martorell M, Ademiluyi AO, Rajkovic J, Salehi B, Martins N, Iriti M, Sharifi-Rad J. Antiulcer Agents: From Plant Extracts to Phytochemicals in Healing Promotion. Molecules 2018; 23:E1751. [PMID: 30018251 PMCID: PMC6100067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we have comprehensively reviewed the plant sources used as antiulcer agents. From traditional uses as herbal remedies, we have moved on to preclinical evidence, critically discussing the in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on plant extracts and even isolated phytochemicals with antiulcerogenic potential. A particular emphasis was also paid to Helicobacter pylori activity, with emphasis on involved mechanisms of action. Lastly, the issue of safety profile of these plant products has also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663335, Iran.
| | | | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, VIII⁻Bio Bio Region, Chile.
| | - Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia.
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto⁻Portugal, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
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15
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Chemopreventive effects of polyphenol-rich extracts against cancer invasiveness and metastasis by inhibition of type IV collagenases expression and activity. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Gastroprotective Value of Berries: Evidences from Methanolic Extracts of Morus nigra and Rubus niveus Fruits. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:7089697. [PMID: 29085427 PMCID: PMC5632455 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7089697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the gastroprotective value of the methanol extracts from fruits of Morus nigra L. (black mulberry (MEMN)) and Rubus niveus Thunb (raspberry (MERN)). The total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were measured, as well as the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenger activity. The gastroprotective effects of the extracts against 60% ethanol/0.3 M HCl were evaluated in mice. After that, the lipid hydroperoxides and reduced glutathione levels at ulcerated tissue were determined. The effects of extracts on H+/K+-ATPase activity were also verified. The extracts exhibited high contents of polyphenols; however, MERN presented 1.5-fold higher levels. The presence of flavonoids also was confirmed. In addition, MEMN (IC50 = 13.74 μg/mL) and MERN (IC50 = 14.97 μg/mL) scavenged DPPH radical. The MEMN reduced the ulcer area only at 300 mg/kg (p.o.) by 64.06%. Interestingly, MERN decreased the ulcer area in a superior potency (ED50 = 20.88 mg/kg), reducing the ulcer area by 81.86% at 300 mg/kg, and increased the gastric mucin levels. The antioxidant effects of extracts were evidenced by reduced lipoperoxides and increased reduction of glutathione amount in the gastric mucosa. However, MEMN or MERN did not change the H+/K+-ATPase activity. These results confirm that M. nigra and R. niveus are berries with a gastroprotective value by strengthening of gastric protective factors.
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Harsha C, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Kunnumakkara AB. Antiulcer properties of fruits and vegetables: A mechanism based perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:104-119. [PMID: 28711545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is the damage caused to mucosal layer of the stomach under the action of various factors like high levels of acid and pepsin, invasion by Helicobacter pylori, etc. Although most cases have been controlled and the rate of ulcer occurrence has reduced over the last few decades, gastric ulcer still holds a prime concern today. A range of palliative medicines comprising proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) is widely in use and patients have also been administered with acid suppression therapies. But these remedies aggravate the condition of patients causing severe side effects, or rather impart temporary relief. Therefore, it is highly imperative to develop safe and effective therapies for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Nature provides us various fruits and vegetables that can combat gastric ulcer through multiple mechanisms; predominantly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisecretory, antimicrobial, anticholinergic and cytoprotective activity, inhibition of small intestinal propulsion etc. Various phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins play a vital role in the prevention and cure of gastric ulcer. This review is a compendium of all fruits and vegetables known for their profound antiulcer effect and their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Paulrayer A, Adithan A, Lee JH, Moon KH, Kim DG, Im SY, Kang CW, Kim NS, Kim JH. Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) Reduces Ethanol-Induced Gastric Damage via Regulation of HSP-70, NF-κB, and MCP-1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061195. [PMID: 28587230 PMCID: PMC5486018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell. belongs to the Rosaceae family. The purpose of this study is to explore the gastroprotective effect of the Aronia melanocarpa hydro-alcoholic extract (AMHAE) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model. Different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of AMHAE, or 30 mg/kg of omeprazole, significantly inhibited the gastric injury formation. The ethanol-induced ulcer group showed significant increases of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (NF-κB p65), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and interleukin (IL)-4. However, AMHAE (200 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly reversed the altered pathophysiological levels of these biomolecules to near normal stages. The gastroprotective activity of AMHAE was abolished by pretreatment with l-NAME, naloxone, capsazepine, and indomethacin, demonstrating the participation of nitric oxide (NO), opioids, TRPV (vanilloid receptor-related transient receptor potential), and prostaglandins in AMHAE-assisted gastroprotection against ethanol-induced gastric injuries. This gastroprotective effect of AMHAE might be due to the downregulation of TNF-α-based NF-κB, MCP-1 signaling and strong antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonisamy Paulrayer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21PLUS project, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea.
| | - Aravinthan Adithan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21PLUS project, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea.
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Sunchang Reserch Institute of Health and Longevity, Ingye-myeon Indeok-ro, Sunchang-gun, Jeollabuk-do 56015, Korea.
| | - Kwang Hyun Moon
- Sunchang Reserch Institute of Health and Longevity, Ingye-myeon Indeok-ro, Sunchang-gun, Jeollabuk-do 56015, Korea.
| | - Dae Geun Kim
- Sunchang Reserch Institute of Health and Longevity, Ingye-myeon Indeok-ro, Sunchang-gun, Jeollabuk-do 56015, Korea.
| | - So Yeon Im
- Sunchang Reserch Institute of Health and Longevity, Ingye-myeon Indeok-ro, Sunchang-gun, Jeollabuk-do 56015, Korea.
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21PLUS project, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea.
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21PLUS project, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21PLUS project, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Korea.
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Cheng YT, Lu CC, Yen GC. Phytochemicals enhance antioxidant enzyme expression to protect against NSAID-induced oxidative damage of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27883262 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa provides the first protective barrier for digested food and xenobiotics, which are easily attacked by toxic substances. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including aspirin, diclofenac, indomethacin, and ketoprofen, are widely used in clinical medicine, but these drugs may cause oxidative stress, leading to GI damage such as ulcers. Lansoprazol, omeprazole, and other clinical drugs are widely used to treat duodenal and gastric ulcers and have been shown to have multiple biological functions, such as antioxidant activity and the ability to upregulate antioxidant enzymes in vivo. Therefore, the reduction of oxidative stress may be an effective curative strategy for preventing and treating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced ulcers of the GI mucosa. Phytochemicals, such as dietary phenolic compounds, phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavonoids, gingerols, carotenes, and organosulfur, are common antioxidants in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. A large amount of evidence has demonstrated that natural phytochemicals possess bioactivity and potential health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial benefits, and they can prevent digestive disease processes. In this review, we summarize the literature on phytochemicals with biological effects, such as angiogenic, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antiulceration effects, and their related mechanisms are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Lu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Ko H, Kim SJ, Shim SH, Chang H, Ha CH. Shikonin Induces Apoptotic Cell Death via Regulation of p53 and Nrf2 in AGS Human Stomach Carcinoma Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:501-9. [PMID: 27257011 PMCID: PMC5012875 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, which derives from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been traditionally used against a variety of diseases, including cancer, in Eastern Asia. Here we determined that shikonin inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Shikonin’s biological activity was validated by observing cell viability, caspase 3 activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptotic marker expressions in AGS stomach cancer cells. The concentration range of shikonin was 35–250 nM with the incubation time of 6 h. Protein levels of Nrf2 and p53 were evaluated by western blotting and confirmed by real-time PCR. Our results revealed that shikonin induced the generation of ROS as well as caspase 3-dependent apoptosis. c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK) activity was significantly elevated in shikonin-treated cells, thereby linking JNK to apoptosis. Furthermore, our results revealed that shikonin induced p53 expression but repressed Nrf2 expression. Moreover, our results suggested that there may be a co-regulation between p53 and Nrf2, in which transfection with siNrf2 induced the p53 expression. We demonstrated for the first time that shikonin activated cell apoptosis in AGS cells via caspase 3- and JNK-dependent pathways, as well as through the p53-Nrf2 mediated signal pathway. Our study validates in partly the contribution of shikonin as a new therapeutic approaches/ agent for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul 04619, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoIhl Chang
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Fong SYK, Efferth TH, Zuo Z. Modulation of the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs by Chinese herbal medicines. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1711-39. [PMID: 25307559 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.970167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Concomitant use of NSAIDs and Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) is frequent, yet summarized information on their interactions is lacking. AREAS COVERED A systematic review of literature in four evidence-based English databases was performed. Articles which reported CHMs altering the pharmacokinetics, therapeutic and adverse effects of NSAIDs were identified and summarized. Such interactions may lead to beneficial, detrimental or no change in outcomes. The current review covers four therapeutic effects of NSAIDs, including: i) anti-inflammatory; ii) analgesic; iii) antiplatelet, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular; and iv) anticancer effects and four adverse effects of NSAIDs, including: i) gastrointestinal ulcer; ii) nephrotoxicity; iii) hepatotoxicity; and iv) antiplatelet effects and bleeding. EXPERT OPINION While majority of CHMs demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating NSAIDs-induced adverse effects and potentiating the therapeutic effects, this review provides insights for development of CHMs as add-on medications to NSAIDs therapies. However, since limited information was from well-designed clinical trials, the findings are not yet conclusive and more clinical studies are warranted to provide guidance for healthcare professionals. In future, researches on interactions between NSAIDs and CHMs are expected to grow and modern approaches such as pharmacogenomics might enhance the throughput and accuracy of identifying clinically relevant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Yui Kau Fong
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , Shatin, New Territories , Hong Kong SAR
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Kim Y, Lee SM, Kim JH. Unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel suppresses migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells by reducing matrix metalloproteinase expression. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1402-11. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.921550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM) is used to promote prostate health and has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. However, the effects and mechanisms of RCM on prostate cancer metastasis remain unclear. PC-3 and DU 145 cells were treated with ethanol or water extract of unripe or ripe RCM and examined for cell invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and expression. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt activities were examined. Unripe RCM extracts exerted significant inhibitory effects on cell migration, invasion, and MMPs activities. A significant reduction in MMPs activities by unripe RCM ethanol extract treatment (UE) was associated with reduction of MMPs expression and induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) expression. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt activity was diminished by UE treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that UE decreased metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells by reducing MMPs expression through the suppression of PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, thereby decreasing MMP activity and enhancing TIMPs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesl Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Dossett M, Finn CE. Mistaken identity: clarification of Rubus coreanus Miquel (Bokbunja). Molecules 2014; 19:10524-33. [PMID: 25045891 PMCID: PMC6271795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the U.S., there has been a recent surge in Korean black raspberry products available and in the number of reports about this species appearing in the scientific literature. Despite this, the majority of products sold and the work carried out has been on Rubus occidentalis L., not R. coreanus Miquel. The importance of accurate recognition of all starting material is multiplied for research downstream, including genetics/genomics, plant breeding, phenolic identification, food processing improvements and pharmacokinetic investigations. An overview of distinguishing characteristics separating R. coreanus from R. occidentalis will be presented. Research conducted on correctly identified fruit will also be summarized to aid future studies that might showcase the unique qualities that bokbunja can offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU) Worksite, Parma, ID 83660, USA.
| | - Michael Dossett
- BC Blueberry Council (in partnership with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada-Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre), 6947 Hwy #7, P.O. Box 1000, Agassiz, BC V0M 1A0, Canada.
| | - Chad E Finn
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Unit (HCRU), Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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Kim CR, Choi SJ, Oh SS, Kwon YK, Lee NY, Park GG, Kim YJ, Heo HJ, Jun WJ, Park CS, Shin DH. Rubus coreanus Miquel inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and prevents cognitive impairment in a mouse model of dementia. J Med Food 2014; 16:785-92. [PMID: 24044488 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To find acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for the prevention of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, ethanol extracts of promising traditional edible Korean plants were tested. Among them, Rubus coreanus Miquel extract exhibited the most significant AChE inhibitory activity. The effect of R. coreanus extract on trimethyltin-induced memory impairment in mice was investigated using Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. Our results showed that administration of R. coreanus extract significantly improved alternation behavior and step-through latency. In addition, R. coreanus extract was sequentially fractionated, and the purified constituent was determined to be 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rong Kim
- 1 Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim SJ, Kim JM, Shim SH, Chang HI. Anthocyanins accelerate the healing of naproxen-induced gastric ulcer in rats by activating antioxidant enzymes via modulation of Nrf2. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Kim SJ, Kim JM, Shim SH, Chang HI. Shikonin induces cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer (AGS) by early growth response 1 (Egr1)-mediated p21 gene expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1064-1071. [PMID: 24384380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a naphthoquinone compound derived from a shikonin, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of various diseases, including cancer. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of shikonin on AGS gastric cancer cells via induction of cell cycle arrest. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of 12.5-100 ng/mL dosage of shikonin treatment on AGS cancer cell line with the incubation time of 6h. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by measuring the changes in the intracellular ROS, appearance of senescence phenotype, cell cycle progression, CDK and cyclins expression levels upon shikonin treatment. We also examined upon the activation of Egr1-mediated p21 expression, by siRNA transfection, Luciferase assay, and ChIP assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that shikonin inhibits cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase via modulation of p21 in AGS cells. Also, our results revealed that the p21 gene was transactivated by early growth response1 (Egr1) in response to the shikonin treatment. Transient Egr1 expression enhanced shikonin-induced p21 promoter activity, whereas the suppression of Egr1 expression by small interfering RNA attenuated the ability of shikonin to induce p21 promoter activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the anti-proliferative activity of shikonin was due to its ability to induce cell cycle arrest via Egr1-p21 signaling pathway. Thus, the work stated here validates the traditional use of shikonin in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 108, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jee Min Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ihl Chang
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J. Establishing a case for improved food phenolic analysis. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:1-8. [PMID: 24804059 PMCID: PMC3951544 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Future phenolic research findings using a multidisciplinary approach will ensure profitability and sustainability of specialty crop industries, while also improving the nutritional and economic choices available to increasingly health- and environmentally conscious consumers. Recent examples of phenolics used in commercial and research scenarios, and new phenolic research discoveries are discussed. Despite being a heavily researched topic, there remains a need to identify, develop, and define analyses targeted for specific quality-related plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Lee
- Horticultural Crops Research Unit Worksite Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of AgricultureParma, Idaho, 83660, USA
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Yamamoto M, Yamaura K, Ishiwatari M, Ueno K. Difficulty for consumers in choosing commercial bilberry supplements by relying only on product label information. Pharmacognosy Res 2013; 5:212-5. [PMID: 23901216 PMCID: PMC3719265 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Various kinds of bilberry supplements have recently become available on the market. However, it is doubtful whether consumers receive accurate information to be able to compare different supplements. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether consumers can obtain the expected benefits by relying only on the information printed on the product labels of commercial bilberry supplements. Materials and Methods: The quality of 20 supplements was investigated by the spectrophotometric method and ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Each peak was identified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and quantified using an external standard. The percentage of the actual measured value relative to the indicated value on the product label was determined using the spectrophotometric method. The daily dosage was calculated from the total amount of anthocyanins quantified by UHPLC and information on the product label. Results: In 14 of 20 supplements, the total anthocyanin content expressed as delphinidin equivalents was within 20% of the labeled value. However, the extent of degradation could not be determined by the spectrophotometric method. In fresh bilberry fruit, anthocyanidins were barely detected. In 8 of 20 supplements, the anthocyanidin content was >1.0%. The daily dosage of anthocyanins varied by about 66-fold among supplements, and the dosage of 6 supplements was less than the recommended level in Japan. Conclusions: Consumers cannot always obtain the expected benefits by relying only on product label information. Therefore, new rules concerning product label information are required to make it possible for consumers to take the equivalent amounts of anthocyanins for whichever bilberry supplement they choose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan ; Pharmaceuticals Department, Environmental Technical Laboratory Ltd., 2-11-17 Kouhoku, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Li SL, Zhao JR, Ren XY, Xie JP, Ma QZ, Rong QH. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with gastric ulcer recurrence. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4590-4595. [PMID: 23901237 PMCID: PMC3725386 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i28.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in gastric ulcer (GU) and chronic superficial gastritis (CSG).
METHODS: This study enrolled 63 patients with GU and 25 patients with CSG. During upper gastroduodenal endoscopy, we took samples of gastric mucosa from the antrum and ulcer site from patients with GU, and samples of antral mucosa from patients with CSG. Mucosal biopsy tissues were cultured for 24 h, and the culture supernatant was measured for levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. After receiving eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and 8 wk proton-pump inhibitor therapy for GU, follow-up endoscopy examination was performed after 6 mo and whenever severe symptoms occurred.
RESULTS: Levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 at the ulcer site or in the antrum were significantly higher in GU than CSG patients. MMP-9 levels at the ulcer site were significantly higher than in the antrum in GU patients, and had a significantly positive correlation with TIMP-1. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive than H. pylori-negative GU and CSG patients. Levels of MMP-9 or TIMP-1 at the ulcer site were associated with the histological severity of activity and inflammation. About 57 GU patients were followed up, and seven had GU recurrence. H. pyloriinfection and MMP-9 levels were risk factors for the recurrence of GU adjusted for age and sex by multiple logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSION: MMP-9 may perform an important function in gastric ulcer formation and recurrence.
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Yamamoto M, Yamaura K, Ishiwatari M, Shimada M, Kado S, Seki H, Shimada N, Ueno K. Degradation Index for Quality Evaluation of Commercial Dietary Supplements of Bilberry Extract. J Food Sci 2013; 78:S477-83. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katsunori Yamaura
- Dept. of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Univ.; 1-8-1 Inohana; Chuo-ku; Chiba; 260-8675; Japan
| | - Makiko Ishiwatari
- Dept. of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Univ.; 1-8-1 Inohana; Chuo-ku; Chiba; 260-8675; Japan
| | - Maki Shimada
- Dept. of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Univ.; 1-8-1 Inohana; Chuo-ku; Chiba; 260-8675; Japan
| | - Sayaka Kado
- Chemical Analysis Center, Chiba Univ.; 1-33 Yayoi-cho; Inage-ku; Chiba; 263-8522; Japan
| | - Hiroko Seki
- Chemical Analysis Center, Chiba Univ.; 1-33 Yayoi-cho; Inage-ku; Chiba; 263-8522; Japan
| | - Norimoto Shimada
- R&D Dept., Tokiwa Phytochemical Co. Ltd.; 158 Kinoko; Sakura; Chiba; 285-0801; Japan
| | - Koichi Ueno
- Dept. of Geriatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Univ.; 1-8-1 Inohana; Chuo-ku; Chiba; 260-8675; Japan
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Yamaura K, Ishiwatari M, Yamamoto M, Shimada M, Bi Y, Ueno K. Anthocyanins, but not Anthocyanidins, from Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) Alleviate Pruritus via Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation. J Food Sci 2012; 77:H262-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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