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Wen Z, Juliana P, Dhugga HS, Pacheco M, Martínez UI, Aguilar A, Ibba MI, Govindan V, Singh RP, Dhugga KS. Genome-Wide Association Study of Phytic Acid in Wheat Grain Unravels Markers for Improving Biofortification. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:830147. [PMID: 35242157 PMCID: PMC8886111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.830147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification of cereal grains offers a lasting solution to combat micronutrient deficiency in developing countries where it poses developmental risks to children. Breeding efforts thus far have been directed toward increasing the grain concentrations of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) ions. Phytic acid (PA) chelates these metal ions, reducing their bioavailability in the digestive tract. We present a high-throughput assay for quantification of PA and its application in screening a breeding population. After extraction in 96-well megatiter plates, PA content was determined from the phosphate released after treatment with a commercially available phytase enzyme. In a set of 330 breeding lines of wheat grown in the field over 3 years as part of a HarvestPlus breeding program for high grain Fe and Zn, our assay unraveled variation for PA that ranged from 0.90 to 1.72% with a mean of 1.24%. PA content was not associated with grain yield. High yielding lines were further screened for low molar PA/Fe and PA/Zn ratios for increased metal ion bioavailability, demonstrating the utility of our assay. Genome-wide association study revealed 21 genetic associations, six of which were consistent across years. Five of these associations mapped to chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2D, 5A, and 7D. Additivity over four of these haplotypes accounted for an ∼10% reduction in PA. Our study demonstrates it is possible to scale up assays to directly select for low grain PA in forward breeding programs.
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Wang Y, Meng Y, Ma Y, Liu L, Wu D, Shu X, Pan L, Lai Q. Combination of High Zn Density and Low Phytic Acid for Improving Zn Bioavailability in Rice (Oryza stavia L.) Grain. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:23. [PMID: 33638799 PMCID: PMC7914331 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zn deficiency is one of the leading public health problems in the world. Staple food crop, such as rice, cannot provide enough Zn to meet the daily dietary requirement because Zn in grain would chelate with phytic acid, which resulted in low Zn bioavailability. Breeding new rice varieties with high Zn bioavailability will be an effective, economic and sustainable strategy to alleviate human Zn deficiency. RESULTS The high Zn density mutant LLZ was crossed with the low phytic acid mutant Os-lpa-XS110-1, and the contents of Zn and phytic acid in the brown rice were determined for the resulting progenies grown at different sites. Among the hybrid progenies, the double mutant always displayed significantly higher Zn content and lower phytic acid content in grain, leading to the lowest molar ratio of phytic acid to Zn under all environments. As assessed by in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model, the double mutant contained the relatively high content of bioavailable Zn in brown rice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested pyramiding breeding by a combination of high Zn density and low phytic acid is a practical and useful approach to improve Zn bioavailability in rice grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Yusha Meng
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Yanping Ma
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xiaoli Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Liqing Pan
- Yuyao County Agricultural Techniques Promotion and Service Station, Yuyao Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Ningbo, 315400, China
| | - Qixian Lai
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Creative Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Fukushima A, Uchino G, Akabane T, Aiseki A, Perera I, Hirotsu N. Phytic Acid in Brown Rice Can Be Reduced by Increasing Soaking Temperature. Foods 2020; 10:foods10010023. [PMID: 33374851 PMCID: PMC7824421 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a storage form of phosphorus in seeds. Phytase enzyme is activated at germination and hydrolyses PA into myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate. PA inhibits the absorption of minerals in the human intestine by chelation. Its degradation, therefore, is a key factor to improve mineral bioavailability in rice. Germinated brown rice (GBR) is favoured because it improves the availability of nutrients, and thus have a positive effect on health. In this study, we show the effects of soaking temperature on phytase activity and PA content in GBR. Rice phytase showed thermostability and its activity peaked at 50 °C. After 36 h of soaking, phytase activity was significantly increased at 50 °C and PA content was significantly decreased, compared to that at 30 °C. Zinc (Zn) analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in Zn content among different temperature treatments. Calculated total daily absorbed Zn (TAZ) was significantly higher in GBR compared with non-soaked seeds. Moreover, brown rice grains germinated at 50 °C showed a higher TAZ value than that at 30 °C. Seed germination and seed water soaking at high temperatures reduce PA content in brown rice showing a potentially effective way to improve mineral bioavailability in brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Fukushima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (A.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Gun Uchino
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (G.U.); (A.A.)
| | - Tatsuki Akabane
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (A.F.); (T.A.)
| | - Ayaka Aiseki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (G.U.); (A.A.)
| | - Ishara Perera
- Grain Legume and Oil Crops Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Angunakolapelessa 82220, Sri Lanka;
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (A.F.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (G.U.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-276-82-9027
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Fukushima A, Perera I, Hosoya K, Akabane T, Hirotsu N. Genotypic Differences in the Effect of P Fertilization on Phytic Acid Content in Rice Grain. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020146. [PMID: 31979223 PMCID: PMC7076419 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) prevents the absorption of minerals in the human intestine, and it is regarded as an antinutrient. Low PA rice is beneficial because of its higher Zn bioavailability and it is suggested that the gene expression level of myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase 1 (INO1) in developing grain is a key factor to explain the genotypic difference in PA accumulation among natural variants of rice. P fertilization is also considered to affect the PA content, but it is not clear how it affects INO1 gene expression and the PA content in different genotypes. Here, we investigated the effect of P fertilization on the PA content in two contrasting rice genotypes, with low and high PA accumulation, respectively. Based on the results of the analysis of the PA content, inorganic P content, INO1 gene expression, and xylem sap inorganic P content, we concluded that the effect of P fertilization on PA accumulation in grain differed with the genotype, and it was regulated by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Fukushima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan;
| | - Ishara Perera
- Grain Legumes and Oil Crops Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Angunakolapelessa 82220, Sri Lanka;
| | - Koki Hosoya
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (K.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Tatsuki Akabane
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (K.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Naoki Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan;
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura-machi, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; (K.H.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-276-82-9027
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Qamar ZU, Hameed A, Ashraf M, Rizwan M, Akhtar M. Development and Molecular Characterization of Low Phytate Basmati Rice Through Induced Mutagenesis, Hybridization, Backcross, and Marker Assisted Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1525. [PMID: 31850026 PMCID: PMC6901921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Breeding low phytate crops is the most viable solution to tackle mineral deficiencies. The objective of the present study was to develop high yielding, low phytate (lpa) basmati rice cultivars. Three homozygous lpa mutants, Lpa5, Lpa9, and Lpa59, were developed through induced mutations (gamma rays 60Co) and identified by colorimetric and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. These mutants showed 54%-63% reduction in phytic acid but had poor germination and yield. To improve these traits, hybridization and back cross breeding involving Lpa5, Lpa59, and parent cultivar Super Basmati were performed and F2:3, F3:4, BC1F2:3, and BC1F3:4 generations were developed and screened to target the objective. Within the F2:3, homozygous (226), heterozygous (65), and wild type (46) lpa recombinants were identified. Within the homozygous lpa category, four recombinants (Lpa5, Lpa6, Lpa7, and Lpa30) showed improved germination. Within the F3:4 generation, 86 homozygous lpa recombinants were identified. Further selection, on the basis of better plant type and the low phytate trait resulted in the selection of 38 recombinants. Grain quality and cooking characteristics of these selected recombinants were comparable as compared to parent cultivar. Within the BC1F2:3 generations, two homozygous Lpa recombinant lines, Lpa141, and Lpa205, were selected out of 220. Screening of the BC1F3:4 generation for the desirable agronomic and low phytate trait also resulted in the selection of two homozygous lines. Finally, seven recombinants i.e. Lpa12-3, Lpa111-1, Lpa141, Lpa56-3, Lpa53-4, Lpa99-2, and Lpa205-4 out of 42 homozygous low phytate lines were selected on the basis of yield improvement (4%-18%) as compared to parent cultivar. Association analysis suggested that further selection based on primary branches per plant, panicle length and productive tillers per plant would further improve the paddy yield. For molecular characterization of the Lpa trait, previously reported Lpa1-CAPS and Lpa1-InDel and functional molecular markers were applied. Results indicated the absence of the Z9B-Lpa allele and XS-Lpa mutation in the OsMRP5 gene in tested mutants, possibly suggesting that there may be new mutations or novel alleles in tested mutants that need to be identified and then fine mapped for subsequent utilization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of low phytic acid rice mutant development and their improved germination and yield through backcross breeding in basmati rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zia-ul- Qamar
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tando Jam (Sindh), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ogawa M, Kanda T, Suganami A, Nakamoto S, Win NN, Tamura Y, Nakamura M, Matsuoka S, Yokosuka O, Kato N, Ohara O, Okamoto H, Moriyama M, Shirasawa H. Antiviral activity of zinc sulfate against hepatitis A virus replication. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Akiko Suganami
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Nan Nwe Win
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Kanto, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection & Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Kanto, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Kanto, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirasawa
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Kanto, 260-8677, Japan
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7
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Perera I, Fukushima A, Arai M, Yamada K, Nagasaka S, Seneweera S, Hirotsu N. Identification of low phytic acid and high Zn bioavailable rice (Oryza sativa L.) from 69 accessions of the world rice core collection. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Su D, Zhou L, Zhao Q, Pan G, Cheng F. Different Phosphorus Supplies Altered the Accumulations and Quantitative Distributions of Phytic Acid, Zinc, and Iron in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1601-1611. [PMID: 29401375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Development of rice cultivars with low phytic acid (lpa) is considered as a primary strategy for biofortification of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). Here, two rice genotypes (XS110 and its lpa mutant) were used to investigate the effect of P supplies on accumulations and distributions of PA, Zn, and Fe in rice grains by using hydroponics and detached panicle culture system. Results showed that higher P level increased grain PA concentration on dry matter basis (g/kg), but it markedly decreased PA accumulation on per grain basis (mg/grain). Meanwhile, more P supply reduced the amounts and bioavailabilities of Zn and Fe both in milled grains and in brown grains. Comparatively, lpa mutant was more susceptive to exogenous P supply than its wild type. Hence, the appropriate P fertilizer application should be highlighted in order to increase grain microelement (Zn and Fe) contents and improve nutritional quality in rice grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Su
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lujian Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Gang Pan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fangmin Cheng
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production , Nanjing 210059, P. R. China
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9
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Jaksomsak P, Tuiwong P, Rerkasem B, Guild G, Palmer L, Stangoulis J, Prom-u-thai CT. The impact of foliar applied zinc fertilizer on zinc and phytate accumulation in dorsal and ventral grain sections of four thai rice varieties with different grain zinc. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Hashimoto A, Ohkura K, Takahashi M, Kizu K, Narita H, Enomoto S, Miyamae Y, Masuda S, Nagao M, Irie K, Ohigashi H, Andrews GK, Kambe T. Soybean extracts increase cell surface ZIP4 abundance and cellular zinc levels: a potential novel strategy to enhance zinc absorption by ZIP4 targeting. Biochem J 2015; 472:183-93. [PMID: 26385990 DOI: 10.1042/bj20150862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary zinc deficiency puts human health at risk, so we explored strategies for enhancing zinc absorption. In the small intestine, the zinc transporter ZIP4 functions as an essential component of zinc absorption. Overexpression of ZIP4 protein increases zinc uptake and thereby cellular zinc levels, suggesting that food components with the ability to increase ZIP4 could potentially enhance zinc absorption via the intestine. In the present study, we used mouse Hepa cells, which regulate mouse Zip4 (mZip4) in a manner indistinguishable from that in intestinal enterocytes, to screen for suitable food components that can increase the abundance of ZIP4. Using this ZIP4-targeting strategy, two such soybean extracts were identified that were specifically able to decrease mZip4 endocytosis in response to zinc. These soybean extracts also effectively increased the abundance of apically localized mZip4 in transfected polarized Caco2 and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and, moreover, two apically localized mZip4 acrodermatitis enteropathica mutants. Soybean components were purified from one extract and soyasaponin Bb was identified as an active component that increased both mZip4 protein abundance and zinc levels in Hepa cells. Finally, we confirmed that soyasaponin Bb is capable of enhancing cell surface endogenous human ZIP4 in human cells. Our results suggest that ZIP4 targeting may represent a new strategy to improve zinc absorption in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Hashimoto
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuma Ohkura
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Kizu
- Department of Life and Living, Osaka Seikei College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Narita
- Department of Food Science, Kyoto Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuichi Enomoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan Center for Molecular Imaging Science, RIKEN Kobe Institute, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusaku Miyamae
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Masuda
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagao
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hajime Ohigashi
- Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Glen K Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
| | - Taiho Kambe
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Wada Y, Lönnerdal B. Effects of Industrial Heating Processes of Milk-Based Enteral Formulas on Site-Specific Protein Modifications and Their Relationship to in Vitro and in Vivo Protein Digestibility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6787-6798. [PMID: 26161498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heat treatments are applied to milk and dairy products to ensure their microbiological safety and shelf lives. Types of heating processes may have different effects on protein modifications, leading to different protein digestibility. In this study, milk-based liquid nutritional formulas (simulating enteral formulas) were subjected to steam injection ultra-high-temperature treatment or in-can sterilization, and the formulas were investigated by proteomic methods and in vitro and in vivo digestion assays. Proteomic analyses revealed that in-can sterilization resulted in higher signals for N(ε)-carboxymethyllysine and dephosphorylation of Ser residues in major milk proteins than in steam-injected formula, reflecting the more severe thermal process of in-can sterilization. In vitro and in vivo digestion assays indicated that steam injection improved protein digestibility, supposedly by denaturation, while the improvement seemed to be overwhelmed by formation of aggregates that showed resistance to digestion in in-can sterilized formula. Adverse effects of heat treatment on protein digestibility are more likely to be manifested in milk-based formulas than in cow's milk. Although the differences might be of limited significance in terms of amino acid bioavailability, these results emphasize the importance of protein quality of raw materials and selection of heating processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- †Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- ‡Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd. , 5-1-83, Higashihara, Zama, Kanagawa Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- †Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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12
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Ricachenevsky FK, Menguer PK, Sperotto RA, Fett JP. Got to hide your Zn away: Molecular control of Zn accumulation and biotechnological applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:1-17. [PMID: 26025516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for all organisms, with key catalytic and structural functions. Zn deficiency in plants, common in alkaline soils, results in growth arrest and sterility. On the other hand, Zn can become toxic at elevated concentrations. Several studies revealed molecules involved with metal acquisition in roots, distribution within the plant and translocation to seeds. Transmembrane Zn transport proteins and Zn chelators are involved in avoiding its toxic effects. Plant species with the capacity to hyperaccumulate and hypertolerate Zn have been characterized. Plants that accumulate and tolerate high amounts of Zn and produce abundant biomass may be useful for phytoremediation, allowing cleaning of metal-contaminated soils. The study of Zn hyperaccumulators may provide indications of genes and processes useful for biofortification, for developing crops with high amounts of nutrients in edible tissues. Future research needs to focus on functional characterization of Zn transporters in planta, elucidation of Zn uptake and sensing mechanisms, and on understanding the cross-talk between Zn homeostasis and other physiological processes. For this, new research should use multidisciplinary approaches, combining traditional and emerging techniques, such as genome-encoded metal sensors and multi-element imaging, quantification and speciation using synchrotron-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom.
| | - Raul Antonio Sperotto
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário UNIVATES, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
| | - Janette Palma Fett
- Centro de Biotecnologia & Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Lv C, Zhao G, Lönnerdal B. Bioavailability of iron from plant and animal ferritins. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:532-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Clemens S. Zn and Fe biofortification: the right chemical environment for human bioavailability. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 225:52-57. [PMID: 25017159 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A considerable fraction of global disease burden and child mortality is attributed to Fe and Zn deficiencies. Biofortification, i.e. the development of plants with more bioavailable Zn and Fe, is widely seen as the most sustainable solution, provided suitable crops can be generated. In a cereal-dominated diet availability of Fe and Zn for absorption by the human gut is generally low and influenced by a highly complex chemistry. This complexity has mostly been attributed to the inhibitory effect of Fe and Zn binding by phytate, the principal phosphorus storage compound in cereal and legume seeds. However, phytate is only part of the answer to the multifaceted bioavailability question, albeit an important one. Recent analyses addressing elemental distribution and micronutrient speciation in seeds strongly suggest the existence of different Fe and Zn pools. Exploration of natural variation in maize showed partial separation of phytate levels and Fe bioavailability. Observations made with transgenic plants engineered for biofortification lend further support to this view. From a series of studies the metal chelator nicotianamine is emerging as a key molecule. Importantly, nicotianamine levels have been found to not only increase the loading of Fe and Zn into grains. Bioavailability assays indicate a strong activity of nicotianamine also as an enhancer of intestinal Fe and Zn absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Clemens
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Plant Physiology and Research Center of Food Quality, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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15
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Wada Y, Lönnerdal B. Effects of different industrial heating processes of milk on site-specific protein modifications and their relationship to in vitro and in vivo digestibility. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:4175-4185. [PMID: 24720734 DOI: 10.1021/jf501617s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heating processes are applied to milk and dairy products to ensure their microbiological safety and shelf lives. However, how differences in "industrial" thermal treatments affect protein digestibility is still equivocal. In this study, raw milk was subjected to pasteurization, three kinds of ultra-high-temperature (UHT) treatment, and in-can sterilization and was investigated by in vitro and in vivo digestion and proteomic methods. In-can sterilized milk, followed by UHT milk samples, showed a rapid decrease in protein bands during the course of digestion. However, protein digestibility determined by a Kjeldahl procedure showed insignificant differences. Proteomic analysis revealed that lactulosyllysine, which reflects a decrease in protein digestibility, in α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and caseins was higher in in-can sterilized milk, followed by UHT milk samples. Thus, industrial heating may improve the digestibility of milk proteins by denaturation, but the improvement is likely to be offset by heat-derived modifications involved in decreased protein digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Wada
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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16
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Scientific Opinion on the potential reduction of the currently authorised maximum zinc content in complete feed. EFSA J 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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17
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Effect of edible plants combination on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability, using in vitro digestion and liposome-affinity extraction. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Landoni M, Cerino Badone F, Haman N, Schiraldi A, Fessas D, Cesari V, Toschi I, Cremona R, Delogu C, Villa D, Cassani E, Pilu R. Low phytic acid 1 mutation in maize modifies density, starch properties, cations, and fiber contents in the seed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4622-30. [PMID: 23638689 DOI: 10.1021/jf400259h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogastric animals are unable to digest phytic acid, so it represents an antinutritional factor and also an environmental problem. One strategy to solve this problem is the utilization of low phytic acid (lpa) mutants that accumulate low levels of phytic P and high levels of free phosphate in the seeds; among the lpa maize mutants lpa1 exhibited the highest reduction of phytic acid in the seed. This study indicated that the low phytic acid mutations exerted pleiotropic effects not directly connected to the phytic acid pathway, such as on seed density, content of ions, and the antioxidant compounds present in the kernels. Furthermore some nutritional properties of the flour were altered by the lpa1 mutations, in particular lignin and protein content, while the starch does not seem to be modified as to the total amount and in the amylose/amylopectin ratio, but alterations were noticed in the structure and size of granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Landoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Li SX, Chen LH, Zheng FY, Li YC. Effect of the cp4-epsps gene on metal bioavailability in maize and soybean using bionic gastrointestinal tracts and ICP-MS determination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:1579-84. [PMID: 23356653 DOI: 10.1021/jf303962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The transformation and metabolism of dietary compounds are affected significantly by gut microbiota. Hence, gut microbiota are used to improve bionic gastrointestinal tracts. The effect of the cp4-epsps gene on metal bioavailability was proved by the comparison of the affinity-liposome metal content ratio (AMCR) in transgenic and conventional crops. The bioavailability of V, Mn, Co, Ga, Ag, Ba, and Pb in roundup ready soybean decreased significantly because the ratio of AMCR (R(AMCR)) in the transgenic crop and its corresponding conventional type ranged from 0.36 to 0.69. In roundup ready maize, metal bioavailability decreased for Li and Cr (i.e., R(AMCR) was 0.26 and 0.39, respectively) but increased for V, Co, and Pb (i.e., R(AMCR) was 1.48, 2.07, and 2.12, respectively). Compared with conventional crops, safe dosage and maximum consumption of roundup ready crops were 1.59 times for soybean and 0.78 times for maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Zhangzhou Normal University, Zhangzhou, China.
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20
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Tako E, Hoekenga OA, Kochian LV, Glahn RP. High bioavailability iron maize (Zea mays L.) developed through molecular breeding provides more absorbable iron in vitro (Caco-2 model) and in vivo (Gallus gallus). Nutr J 2013; 12:3. [PMID: 23286295 PMCID: PMC3545989 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron (Fe) deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide. Iron biofortification is a preventative strategy that alleviates Fe deficiency by improving the amount of absorbable Fe in crops. In the present study, we used an in vitro digestion/Caco 2 cell culture model as the guiding tool for breeding and development of two maize (Zea mays L.) lines with contrasting Fe bioavailability (ie. Low and High). Our objective was to confirm and validate the in vitro results and approach. Also, to compare the capacities of our two maize hybrid varieties to deliver Fe for hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis and to improve the Fe status of Fe deficient broiler chickens. METHODS We compared the Fe-bioavailability between these two maize varieties with the presence or absence of added Fe in the maize based-diets. Diets were made with 75% (w/w) maize of either low or high Fe-bioavailability maize, with or without Fe (ferric citrate). Chicks (Gallus gallus) were fed the diets for 6 wk. Hb, liver ferritin and Fe related transporter/enzyme gene-expression were measured. Hemoglobin maintenance efficiency (HME) and total body Hb Fe values were used to estimate Fe bioavailability from the diets. RESULTS DMT-1, DcytB and ferroportin expressions were higher (P<0.05) in the "Low Fe" group than in the "High Fe" group (no added Fe), indicating lower Fe status and adaptation to less Fe-bioavailability. At times, Hb concentrations (d 21,28,35), HME (d 21), Hb-Fe (as from d 14) and liver ferritin were higher in the "High Fe" than in the "Low Fe" groups (P<0.05), indicating greater Fe absorption from the diet and improved Fe status. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the High Fe-bioavailability maize contains more bioavailable Fe than the Low Fe-bioavailability maize, presumably due to a more favorable matrix for absorption. Maize shows promise for Fe biofortification; therefore, human trials should be conducted to determine the efficacy of consuming the high bioavailable Fe maize to reduce Fe deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Tako
- USDA-ARS Robert W, Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Abstract
Phytases are phosphohydrolytic enzymes that initiate stepwise removal of phosphate from phytate. Simple-stomached species such as swine, poultry, and fish require extrinsic phytase to digest phytate, the major form of phosphorus in plant-based feeds. Consequently, this enzyme is supplemented in these species’ diets to decrease their phosphorus excretion, and it has emerged as one of the most effective and lucrative feed additives. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the evolving course of phytase science and technology. It gives realistic estimates of the versatile roles of phytase in animal feeding, environmental protection, rock phosphorus preservation, human nutrition and health, and industrial applications. It elaborates on new biotechnology and existing issues related to developing novel microbial phytases as well as phytase-transgenic plants and animals. And it targets critical and integrated analyses on the global impact, novel application, and future demand of phytase in promoting animal agriculture, human health, and societal sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | | | | | | | - Michael J. Azain
- Department of Animal Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Amagloh FK, Brough L, Weber JL, Mutukumira AN, Hardacre A, Coad J. Sweetpotato-based complementary food would be less inhibitory on mineral absorption than a maize-based infant food assessed by compositional analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:957-63. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2012.687368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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HASHIMOTO A, KAMBE T. Approaches to the Improvement of Zinc Nutrition by Fermented Soy Foods like Miso. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.6013/jbrewsocjapan.106.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako HASHIMOTO
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
| | - Taiho KAMBE
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
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