1
|
Gundogdu G, Kilic-Erkek O, Gundogdu K. The impact of sericin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism in female rats with experimental knee osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:2307-2316. [PMID: 38727800 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of sericin on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism in female rats with experimental knee osteoarthritis (KOA), focusing on evaluating its effectiveness via the sterol regulatory protein (SREBP)-1C and SREBP-2 pathways. METHODS The rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: the C group (control), the KOA group (KOA control), and the sericin group (KOA + sericin). The KOA model was created by injecting monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint. Sericin was administered intra-articularly to rats on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 (0.8 g/kg/mL, 50 µL). After 21 days, the rats were sacrificed, and serum samples were analyzed using an ELISA to measure tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-10, SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), cholesterol, triglyceride, and total oxidant-antioxidant status (TOS-TAS) levels. RESULTS The KOA group exhibited higher serum TNF-α, IL-1β, TOS, SREBP-1C, ACC, FAS, triglyceride, SREBP-2, and cholesterol levels than the C group (P < 0.05). However, the levels of these cytokines, except cholesterol, were significantly lower in the sericin group than in the KOA group. The KOA group exhibited significantly lower serum TAS and IL-10 levels than the C group (P < 0.05). In the sericin group, there was a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sericin shows promising potential for reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism in experimental models of KOA in rats. However, further clinical research is necessary to validate the potential of sericin as a therapeutic agent for treating KOA. Key Points • Sericin can reduce knee osteoarthritis (KOA) symptoms in an experimental rat model. • In particular, in the serum of an experimental KOA rat model, sericin specifically reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and increases the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10. • Sericin reduced lipid metabolism via the sterol regulatory protein (SREBP)-1C and SREBP-2 pathways and oxidative stress in the serum of the experimental KOA rat model. • The intra-articular administration of sericin has been shown to significantly reduce lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as supported by biochemical analysis. These findings suggest its promising potential as an alternative treatment option for KOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Gundogdu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Ozgen Kilic-Erkek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Koksal Gundogdu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim MW, Ham YJ, Kim HB, Lee JY, Lim JD, Lee HT. Anti-Obesity Effects of the Larval Powder of Steamed and Lyophilized Mature Silkworms in a Newly Designed Adult Mouse Model. Foods 2023; 12:3613. [PMID: 37835266 PMCID: PMC10572763 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, "mature" silkworms (MS) of Bombix mori have been considered a potential nutraceutical, with a number of health benefits reported for steamed and lyophilized MS powder (SMSP). However, no obesity-related effects have been reported for SMSP. In the present study, anti-obesity effects of SMSP were investigated in adult mice in vivo, aged 12 weeks at the onset of SMSP treatment, fed a normal diet (ND) and a high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, for 12 weeks. SMSP significantly suppressed body weight gain, intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and food efficiency in both ND-fed and HFD-fed adult mice. In addition, SMSP significantly decreased food intake and liver weight in HFD-fed mice, indicating that SMSP suppressed appetite and simultaneously reduced the conversion of feed into body weight in HFD-fed mice. SMSP also significantly lowered the serum levels of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, asparagine transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. However, SMSP had no significant effect on the weights of the kidney, spleen, or thymus or the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. Taken together, the above results suggest that SMSP has potent anti-obesity effects and is safe for long-term use as a potential therapeutic and/or nutraceutical in both obese patients and non-obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea; (M.W.K.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yu-Jin Ham
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea; (M.W.K.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Hyun-Bok Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji young Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jung-Dae Lim
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resource, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25949, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun-Tai Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea; (M.W.K.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rahimpour S, Jabbari H, Yousofi H, Fathi A, Mahmoodi S, Jafarian MJ, Shomali N, Shotorbani SS. Regulatory effect of sericin protein in inflammatory pathways; A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154369. [PMID: 36812737 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Sericin protein is a type of protein derived from silk cocoons. Sericin hydrogen bonds cause adhesion to the silk cocoon. This substance contains a large amount of serine amino acids in its structure. At first, the medicinal properties of this substance were unknown, but today many properties have been discovered for this substance. The unique properties of this substance have made it widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The applications of Sericin in pharmacy are as follows. Sericin is used to repair wounds by producing collagen. Other uses for the drug include anti-diabetic, anti-cholesterol, metabolic modulator, anti-tumor, heart protection, antioxidant, antibacterial, wound healing, cell proliferation, UV protection, freezing, and skin moisturizing. The physicochemical properties of Sericin have attracted the attention of pharmacists and their widespread use in the production of drugs and treatment of diseases. One of the critical and unique properties of Sericin is its anti-inflammatory property. In this article, this property of Sericin is discussed in detail, and according to the experiments performed by pharmacists, this substance has shown a significant effect in eliminating inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Sericin protein in relieving inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rahimpour
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Jabbari
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Yousofi
- Faculty of paramedical science, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Fathi
- School of Pharmacy, Shiraz university of medical science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Mahmoodi
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Navid Shomali
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou W, Weng Y, Liu Q, Wang C, Zhang YQ, Zhang X, Ye A. Dietary administration with hydrolyzed silk sericin improves the intestinal health of diabetic rats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1074892. [PMID: 36960285 PMCID: PMC10027739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1074892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes (T2D) is a global epidemic disease with an increased incidence and prevalence. Gut microbiota plays an important role in controlling T2D development. Dietary administration of prebiotics, probiotics, and drugs, including metformin, showed the regulatory impact on the change of gut microbiota, which is associated with the improvement of glucose tolerance. In this study, silk sericin was manufactured into hydrolyzed sericin peptide (HSP) powders as a dietary additive to investigate the effect on the gut microbiota of T2D model rats. The results indicated that the HSP-augmented dietary administration lowers the fast glucose level of diabetic rats, and HSP augmentation induces a change in the gut microbiota composition of T2D model rats toward the normal rats. Some key taxa, including Lactobacillus gasseri, were suggested to be involved in controlling T2D development. This finding provides new insight into developing sericin as functional food or therapeutic prebiotics against T2D in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhou
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Weng
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Xing Zhang
| | - Aihong Ye
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Aihong Ye
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghosh S, Webster TJ. Bioinspired advanced nanomaterials for infection control and promotion of bone growth. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
|
6
|
Li J, Wen P, Qin G, Zhang J, Zhao P, Ye Y. Toxicological evaluation of water-extract sericin from silkworm (Bombyx mori) in pregnant rats and their fetus during pregnancy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982841. [PMID: 36120341 PMCID: PMC9478611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sericin is a natural protein produced by the silkworm Bombyx mori, which has a wide range of biological activities and has a broad application prospect in multiple areas. However, systemic toxicity and safety assessment of sericin is still rare. This study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of water-extract sericin from cocoons of Bombyx mori in pregnant rats and their fetuses during pregnancy. Eighty pregnant rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups, one negative and one positive control group. The treatment groups were administered water-extract sericin solutions at doses of 1,000, 500, and 250 mg/kg, while the negative and positive control groups were administered pure water and 300 mg/kg aspirin, respectively. Rats were exposed daily by oral gavage from the seventh day of gestation for 10 consecutive days and sacrificed on the 20th day of gestation. The results showed that water-extract sericin did not induce any treatment-related changes on pregnant rats (clinical signs, body weights, food consumption, ovarian and uterine weights) and fetuses (body weights, body lengths, tail lengths, visceral, and skeletal development). The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of sericin was determined to be 1,000 mg/kg body weight in rats. These results indicated that water-extract sericin is of low teratogenic potential under the experimental conditions of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Pingjing Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Guangqiu Qin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Guangqiu Qin, ; Jiehong Zhang,
| | - Jiehong Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Guangqiu Qin, ; Jiehong Zhang,
| | - Peng Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, China
| | - Yixin Ye
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biganeh H, Kabiri M, Zeynalpourfattahi Y, Costa Brancalhão RM, Karimi M, Shams Ardekani MR, Rahimi R. Bombyx mori cocoon as a promising pharmacological agent: A review of ethnopharmacology, chemistry, and biological activities. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10496. [PMID: 36105465 PMCID: PMC9465338 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk cocoon, naturally produced by silkworms scientifically named Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae), is one of the well-known medicinal agents with several therapeutic activities. The present study aims to review the various aspects of the silk cocoon, including chemical composition, traditional uses, biological and biotechnological activities, and toxicological issues, to provide a scientific source for scholars. For this purpose, Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and traditional literature, were searched up to December 2021. According to the historical data, silk farming is acknowledged as one of the most ancient agricultural findings. The silk is generally composed of 75–83% fibroin, 17–25% sericin, and 1–5% non-sericin components, including secondary metabolites, wax, pigments, carbohydrates, and other impurities. Flavonoids, especially quercetin and kaempferol, alkaloids, coumarin derivatives, and phenolic acids, are among the secondary metabolites isolated from the silk cocoon. In recent years the biological properties of the silk cocoon, especially its major proteins, namely fibroin and sericin, have drawn special attention. Scientific literature has investigated several pharmacological effects of the silk cocoon and its ingredients, including cardioprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, gastroprotective, as well as ameliorated skin health activities. In addition, it has been extensively taken into consideration in drug delivery and tissue engineering study fields. Furthermore, its toxicity is in acceptable range.
Collapse
|
8
|
Investigation of the Repairing Effect and Mechanism of Oral Degraded Sericin on Liver Injury in Type II Diabetic Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030444. [PMID: 35327635 PMCID: PMC8946660 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the sericulture and silk production industry, sericin is discharged in the degumming wastewater, resulting in a large amount of wasted natural protein and environmental pollution. This study investigated the effect of degraded sericin recovered by the Ca(OH)2–ultrasound degumming method (a green process) on liver injury in T2D rats. After 4 weeks of dietary sericin supplementation, the liver masses and organ coefficients of the T2D rats improved compared with those of the model rats that were not fed sericin. Oral sericin activated the damaged PI3K/AKT/AMPK pathway to enhance glycogen synthesis, accelerate glycolysis, and inhibit gluconeogenesis. The protein expression levels of the inflammatory factors NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in the T2D model group were up to two times higher than in the normal group. However, all three T2D groups that received oral sericin showed significant decreases in these factors to the level found in the normal group, indicating that inflammation in the body was significantly reduced. These results show that the sericin protein might improve glycogen synthesis, accelerate glycolysis, and inhibit gluconeogenesis by enhancing the anti-oxidation capability and reducing inflammatory reactions. Therefore, sericin recovered by Ca(OH)2 degradation has potential use in the development of functional health foods that can lower blood sugar.
Collapse
|
9
|
Degraded Sericin Significantly Regulates Blood Glucose Levels and Improves Impaired Liver Function in T2D Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081255. [PMID: 34439921 PMCID: PMC8392143 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sericin could be degraded well into low-molecular-weight sericin (SS) through a novel and environmentally friendly recycling process using an ultrasonically degumming method in Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution. The oral administration of the SS has an evidently hypoglycemic effect on STZ-induced T2D rats. At oral doses of 2.5 and 5% SS for four weeks, the fasting blood glucose decreased by over 60% compared with that in the untreated model group. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were ameliorated by the peptide treatment. The serum insulin level was reduced by approximately 35%, the insulin resistance index was reduced by more than 66%. The 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine level showed a large reduction of 20%, and the total antioxidant activities significantly increased. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and fluorescent immunostaining sections showed that liver and pancreas damage was partly recovered in T2D rats. In summary, oral SS demonstrated evidently hypoglycemic effects mainly related to reducing oxidative stress in the damaged liver and pancreas of T2D rats. Therefore, these results have suggested that the degraded sericin has a potential use in SS-based healthy functional food or hypoglycemic drugs as a waste recovered from sericulture resources.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang Z, Zhao J, Li J, Wang J, Wang W. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia mice intervened by a polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja. Food Chem Toxicol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2021.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
11
|
Yang Z, Zhao J, Li J, Wang J, Wang W. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidemia mice intervened by a polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112230. [PMID: 33878369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide DNA methylation was used to study the lipid-lowering effect of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja polysaccharide (CPP). The objective of this study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effects and the potential underlying mechanisms of action of CPP-2 in high-fat emulsion (HFE)-induced mice. The results showed that CPP-2 reduced the level of genome-wide DNA methylation in the liver of HFE-induced mice, which had a lipid-lowering effect by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling-, fatty acid metabolism-, fatty acid biosynthesis- and adipocytokine signaling pathways. A series of lipid metabolism genes were screened out by conjoint analysis of the Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Hereafter, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) as target genes were selected to validate the accuracy of the results. The findings demonstrated that CPP-2 might be effective in lowering the lipid content, thereby protecting against HFE-induced hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Yang
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; School of Food Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Guang' an Vocation &Technical College, Guang' an 638000, China
| | - Jing'en Li
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jin Wang
- The State Centre of Quality Supervision and Inspection for Camellia Products (Jiangxi), Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Lab for Agro-product Processing and Quality Control of Nanchang City, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suryawanshi R, Kanoujia J, Parashar P, Saraf SA. Sericin: A Versatile Protein Biopolymer with Therapeutic Significance. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5414-5429. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200612165253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sericin is a unique proteinaceous biopolymer obtained from cocoons of Bombyx Mori. It has become
very popular since it is bestowed with numerous health benefits. Sericin is composed of 18 types of amino acids,
out of which 8 amino acids play a significant role in human metabolic pathways. Sericin is easily amenable to
make into novel dosage forms and also has been conferred with numerous therapeutic activities such as wound
healing, antihypertensive, neuro-protective, antitumor, anti-diabetic, anti-wrinkle, anti-ageing and antioxidant
amongst various others. This review summarizes the current status of sericin, as a therapeutic moiety with a focus
on active constituents as well as their proposed mechanism in the treatment of various chronic diseases. It also
summarizes previous and current in-vitro, in-vivo, cell lines studies and clinical trials based pieces of evidence
corroborating the therapeutic activities of sericin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Suryawanshi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol Mayers Squibb, Lawrencevile, New Jersey, United States
| | - Jovita Kanoujia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University of Madhya Pradesh, Maharajapura, Gwalior, India
| | - Poonam Parashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University; (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Shubhini. A. Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University; (A Central University), VidyaVihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, U.P., India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Muhammad Tahir H, Saleem F, Ali S, Ain QU, Fazal A, Summer M, Mushtaq R, Tariq Zahid M, Liaqat I, Murtaza G. Synthesis of sericin-conjugated silver nanoparticles and their potential antimicrobial activity. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:458-467. [PMID: 32115731 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are being recognized as antibacterial agents due to their rapidly increasing multidrug resistance in bacterial pathogens. Hence, there is an unmet need to identify the natural antibacterial agent. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of sericin-conjugated silver NPs synthesized by using sericin as a reducing and capping agent. Synthesized NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope, nanolaser particle size analyzer (BT-90), Fourier-transform infrared analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray. The biogenic NPs significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (12-15 mm zone of inhibition), Staphylococcus aureus (14.6-15.4 mm zone of inhibition), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5-18 mm zone of inhibition). The stability of naturally synthesized NPs was examined at various temperatures (i.e., 4°C, 37°C, and 55°C) and pH (i.e., 3, 7, and 11). Temperature variability did not significantly affect the efficacy of NPs. However, NPs performed better at higher pH levels. This study suggested that the sericin-based silver NPs are not only effective against bacteria, but they also maintain the stability at different ranges of temperature and pH. We concluded that the sericin-conjugated silver NPs possess the remarkable antibacterial potential, which suggests their large-scale use as a cheap and stable antimicrobial agent in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Tahir
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Saleem
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Qurat Ul Ain
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amna Fazal
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mushtaq
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Zahid
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iram Liaqat
- Applied Entomology and Medical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP), Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dietary Silk Peptide Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Promotes Adipose Browning by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010201. [PMID: 31941008 PMCID: PMC7019986 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases, and is caused when the energy intake is greater than the energy expenditure. We aimed to determine the mechanism whereby acid-hydrolyzed silk peptide (SP) prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity, and whether it induces browning and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in white adipose tissue (WAT), using in vivo and ex vivo approaches. We determined the effects of dietary SP in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. The expression of adipose tissue-specific genes was quantified by western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence analysis. We also investigated whether SP directly induces browning in primarily subcutaneous WAT-derived adipocytes. Our findings demonstrate that SP has a browning effect in WAT by upregulating AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. SP also suppresses adipogenesis and promotes FAO, implying that it may have potential as an anti-obesity drug.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jang SH, Oh MS, Baek HI, Ha KC, Lee JY, Jang YS. Silk peptide treatment potentiates natural killer cell activity in vitro and induces natural killer cell maturation and activation in mouse splenocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2019; 57:369-379. [PMID: 31156004 PMCID: PMC6567191 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1617749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Context: Silk peptide from cocoons of silkworm (Bombyx mori L., Bombycidae) has been employed as a biomedical material and exhibits various bioactivities, including immune-modulating activity. Objective: We analyzed whether silk peptide exerts direct modulating effects on NK cells using an NK cell line in vitro and ex vivo splenocytes. We also attempted to delineate the mechanism underlying the modulation. Material and methods: In vitro activity of silk peptide on NK cells was determined by measurement of cytolytic activity against K562 cells at an effector-to-target ratio of 5:1 after incubation of NK-92MI cells with silk peptide (0-2000 μg/mL) for 48 and 72 h. Ex vivo activity of silk peptide on mouse splenic NK cells was determined similarly by using YAC-1 cells. Results: Treatment of NK-92MI NK cells with silk peptide (500-2000 μg/mL) significantly increased cytolytic activity on target cells by 2- to 4-fold. The same concentrations (500-2000 μg/mL) of silk peptide treatment also significantly enhanced the cytolytic activity of splenic NK cells against YAC-1 cells. Silk peptide treatment of IL-2-stimulated splenocytes induced enhanced expression of Th1, 2 and 17 cytokines including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-17. Finally, ex vivo treatment with silk peptide on mouse splenocytes significantly enhanced the degree of NK cell maturation in a dose-dependent manner from 3.49 to 23.79%. Discussion and conclusions: These findings suggest that silk peptide stimulates NK cells, thereby influencing systemic immune functions and improving natural immunity. Thus, silk peptide could be useful as a complementary therapy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | | | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims and Management Inc, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- CONTACT Yong-Suk Jang Department of Molecular Biology and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Dukjin-gu, Jeonju54896, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen Z, Yang Y, Mi S, Fan Q, Sun X, Deng B, Wu G, Li Y, Zhou Q, Ruan Z. Hepatoprotective effect of chlorogenic acid against chronic liver injury in inflammatory rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
17
|
Kunz RI, Capelassi AN, Alegre-Maller ACP, Bonfleur ML, Ribeiro LDFC, Costa RM, Natali MRM. Sericin as treatment of obesity: morphophysiological effects in obese mice fed with high-fat diet. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2019; 18:eAO4876. [PMID: 31576909 PMCID: PMC6905161 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao4876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of sericin extracted from silkworm Bombyx mori cocoon on morphophysiological parameters in mice with obesity induced by high-fat diet. METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice aged 9 weeks were allocated to one of two groups - Control and Obese, and fed a standard or high-fat diet for 10 weeks, respectively. Mice were then further subdivided into four groups with seven mice each, as follows: Control, Control-Sericin, Obese, and Obese-Sericin. The standard or high fat diet was given for 4 more weeks; sericin (1,000mg/kg body weight) was given orally to mice in the Control-Sericin and Obese-Sericin Groups during this period. Weight gain, food intake, fecal weight, fecal lipid content, gut motility and glucose tolerance were monitored. At the end of experimental period, plasma was collected for biochemical analysis. Samples of white adipose tissue, liver and jejunum were collected and processed for light microscopy analysis; liver fragments were used for lipid content determination. RESULTS Obese mice experienced significantly greater weight gain and fat accumulation and had higher total cholesterol and glucose levels compared to controls. Retroperitoneal and periepididymal adipocyte hypertrophy, development of hepatic steatosis, increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels and morphometric changes in the jejunal wall were observed. CONCLUSION Physiological changes induced by obesity were not fully reverted by sericin; however, sericin treatment restored jejunal morphometry and increased lipid excretion in feces in obese mice, suggesting potential anti-obesity effects.
Collapse
|
18
|
Banagozar Mohammadi A, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Torbati M, Bagher Fazljou SM, Vatandoust SM, Ej Golzari S, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J. Identification and applications of neuroactive silk proteins: a narrative review. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:147-156. [PMID: 34907702 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional medicine, natural silk is regarded as a cognitive enhancer and a cure for ameliorating the symptoms of heart disease, atherosclerosis, and metabolic disorders. In this review, general characteristics of both silk proteins, fibroin and sericin, extracted from silkworm Bombyx mori and their potential use in the neuronal disorders was discussed. Evidence shows that silk proteins exhibit neuroprotective effects in models of neurotoxicity. The antioxidant, neuroprotective, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory mechanisms of silk proteins could prove promising in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Owing to their excellent neurocompatibility and physicochemical properties, silk proteins have been used as scaffolds and drug delivery materials in the neuronal tissue engineering. These data support the potential of silk proteins as an effective complementary agent for central and peripheral neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Banagozar Mohammadi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Department of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Department of Traditional Medicine, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Vatandoust
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Ej Golzari
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao JG, Wang HY, Wei ZG, Zhang YQ. Therapeutic effects of ethanolic extract from the green cocoon shell of silkworm Bombyx mori on type 2 diabetic mice and its hypoglycaemic mechanism. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2019; 8:407-420. [PMID: 31160974 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a clinically complex disease characterized by hyperglycaemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effect of ethanolic extract (EE) from the green cocoon sericin layer of silkworm Bombyx mori on mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its hypoglycaemic mechanisms. The results showed that oral EE for 7 weeks had significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical parameters studied in vivo. The levels of oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were significantly improved. The hypoglycaemic rate in the 350 mg kg-1 high dosage group was 39.38%. The levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the high dosage EE-treated group were significantly reduced, while activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were obviously increased. The islet area and the number of insulin-positive beta cells increased significantly in the high dose group. Furthermore, expression levels of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS), phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p-Akt and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β) involved in insulin signalling were increased. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) also were activated to regulate glucose metabolism in EE-treated groups. The levels of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) decreased, while the glucokinase (GK) level increased to promote glycolysis. The results clearly indicated that oral EE, especially at a high dose, could improve the glucose metabolism of T2DM by reducing inflammatory reactions, enhancing the antioxidant capacity and insulin sensitivity, and regulating the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, which means that EE has potential ameliorative effects on T2DM mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ge Zhao
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Zheng-Guo Wei
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| | - Yu-Qing Zhang
- Silk Biotechnology Laboratory , School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences , Soochow University , China .
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun F, Ye CJ, Li B, Wang T, Fan T. Application of mass spectrometry in silkworm research-Review. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4476. [PMID: 30578558 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this first mass spectrometry-focused review paper, we will review current applications of mass spectrometry in the area of silkworm research. We will focus our review on the following two most important areas as they are currently being researched by scientists. Firstly, the proteomics of proteins in the process of silkworm lifecycle has generated knowledge about previous undetected proteins, some of which might possess therapeutic effects. Secondly, fatty acids, which are the other major components in silkworm, have several potential medical applications. We will also highlight potential areas warranting further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- Sericulture Research institute of Anhui Academy of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chong Jun Ye
- Sericulture Research institute of Anhui Academy of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Sericulture Research institute of Anhui Academy of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Taichu Wang
- Sericulture Research institute of Anhui Academy of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Sericulture Research institute of Anhui Academy of Agriculture, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Saleh A, ElFayoumi HM, Youns M, Barakat W. Rutin and orlistat produce antitumor effects via antioxidant and apoptotic actions. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:165-175. [PMID: 30465055 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a broad term used to describe a large number of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation that leads to tumor production. Cancer is associated with mutations in genes controlling proliferation and apoptosis, oxidative stress, fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression, and other mechanisms. Currently, most antineoplastic drugs have severe adverse effects and new effective and safe drugs are needed. This study aims to investigate the possible anticancer activity of rutin and orlistat which are both safely used clinically in humans against two breast cancer models (in vivo EAC and in vitro MCF7) and the pancreatic cancer cell line (PANC-1). Our results have shown that both rutin and orlistat exerted an in vivo anticancer activity as evidenced by the decrease in tumor volume, CEA level, cholesterol content, FAS, and the exerted antioxidant action (reduced MDA level and increased GSH content) and through histopathological examination. In addition, both were cytotoxic to MCF-7 and Panc-1 cell lines by promoting apoptosis. In conclusion, the anticancer activity of rutin and orlistat makes them promising candidates for cancer treatment alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs specially that they are used clinically with an acceptable safety profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hassan M ElFayoumi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Youns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Oman Pharmacy Institute, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Waleed Barakat
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jang SH, Oh MS, Baek HI, Ha KC, Lee JY, Jang YS. Oral Administration of Silk Peptide Enhances the Maturation and Cytolytic Activity of Natural Killer Cells. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e37. [PMID: 30402332 PMCID: PMC6215900 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk peptide, the hydrolysate of silk protein derived from cocoons, has been employed as a biomedical material and is believed to be safe for human use. Silk peptide display various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, immune-regulatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial. Although earlier investigations demonstrated that silk peptide stimulates macrophages and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, its effect on natural killer (NK) cell function has not yet been explored. In this study, we initially confirmed that silk peptide enhances NK cell activity in vitro and ex vivo. To assess the modulatory activity of silk peptide on NK cells, mice were fed various amounts of a silk peptide-supplemented diet for 2 months and the effects on immune stimulation, including NK cell activation, were evaluated. Oral administration of silk peptide significantly enhanced the proliferation of mitogen- or IL-2-stimulated splenocytes. In addition, oral silk peptide treatment enhanced the frequency and degree of maturation of NK cells in splenocytes. The same treatment also significantly enhanced the target cell cytolytic activity of NK cells, which was determined by cell surface CD107a expression and intracellular interferon-γ expression. Finally, oral administration of silk peptide stimulated T helper 1-type cytokine expression from splenic lymphocytes. Collectively, our results suggest that silk peptide potentiates NK cell activity in vivo and could be used as a compound for immune-modulating anti-tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Oh
- Worldway Co., Ltd., Sejong 30003, Korea
| | - Hyang-Im Baek
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc., Jeonju 54810, Korea
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Inc., Jeonju 54810, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology and The Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.,Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Park CJ, Ryoo J, Ki CS, Kim JW, Kim IS, Bae DG, Um IC. Effect of molecular weight on the structure and mechanical properties of silk sericin gel, film, and sponge. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:821-832. [PMID: 30081122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the MW on the structure and properties of sericin film, sponge, and gel was examined. As the MW of sericin increased, the gelation of the sericin aqueous solution was found to be accelerated, and the gel strength, and the gel-sol transition temperature increased. Irrespective of the casting solvent (water and formic acid) and form of sericin (gel, film, or sponge), the crystallization of the sericins was accelerated. The mechanical properties of the sericin sponge were remarkably improved upon increasing the MW of sericin. The MW of sericin almost did not have an effect on the cell toxicity. As the MW of sericin is increased, the sericin sponge becomes denser and its porosity is reduced, leading to a decrease in the swelling ratio. These results indicate that various characteristics of the sericin forms can be modulated by controlling the MW of sericin, with enhanced potential for biomedical and cosmetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Jin Park
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Ryoo
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seok Ki
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Kim
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano Prefecture 386-8567, Japan
| | - Do Gyu Bae
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
He Z, Liu Z, Zhou X, Huang H. Low pressure-induced secondary structure transitions of regenerated silk fibroin in its wet film studied by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. Proteins 2018; 86:621-628. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng He
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Advanced Functional Polymer, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhao Liu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Advanced Functional Polymer, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Advanced Functional Polymer, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - He Huang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Design and Application of Advanced Functional Polymer, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:68-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Jang MJ, Um IC. Effect of sericin concentration and ethanol content on gelation behavior, rheological properties, and sponge characteristics of silk sericin. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
27
|
Kim J, Park J, Lim K. Nutrition Supplements to Stimulate Lipolysis: A Review in Relation to Endurance Exercise Capacity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:141-61. [PMID: 27465721 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Athletes make great efforts to increase their endurance capacity in many ways. Using nutrition supplements for stimulating lipolysis is one such strategy to improve endurance performance. These supplements contain certain ingredients that affect fat metabolism; furthermore, in combination with endurance training, they tend to have additive effects. A large body of scientific evidence shows that nutrition supplements increase fat metabolism; however, the usefulness of lipolytic supplements as ergogenic functional foods remains controversial. The present review will describe the effectiveness of lipolytic supplements in fat metabolism and as an ergogenic aid for increasing endurance exercise capacity. There are a number of lipolytic supplements available on the market, but this review focuses on natural ingredients such as caffeine, green tea extract, L-carnitine, Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid), capsaicin, ginseng, taurine, silk peptides and octacosanol, all of which have shown scientific evidence of enhancing fat metabolism associated with improving endurance performance. We excluded some other supplements owing to lack of data on fat metabolism or endurance capacity. Based on the data in this review, we suggest that a caffeine and green tea extract improves endurance performance and enhances fat oxidation. Regarding other supplements, the data on their practical implications needs to be gathered, especially for athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim J, Park J, Kim B, Lee CH, Lim K, Suh H. Effects of different doses of silk peptide on energy metabolism during exercise in mice. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2017; 21:21-25. [PMID: 28828762 PMCID: PMC5569688 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2017.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was carried out to determine the optimal dose of silk peptide for
enhancing fat metabolism during exercise. [Methods] Fifty male ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups: Sed, SP0, SP200,
SP400, and SP800. All SP mice underwent training by running on a treadmill 5
times a week for 2 weeks (20 m/min, 8° slope, 50 min/day for the
first week and 25 m/min, 8° slope, 50 min/day at about 70-75% of
maximum oxygen uptake for the second week). [Results] After the 2 weeks, fat oxidation was measured during a 1-h exercise at the
training conditions of the second week and was found to be 1.02 ±
0.15, 1.04 ± 0.17, 0.98 ± 0.10, 1.14 ± 0.19, and 1.15
± 0.07 g/kg/h for Sed, SP0, SP200, SP400, and SP800 groups,
respectively. The SP800 group had significantly higher fat oxidation levels
than the SP0 group did at 36, 40, and 56 min and the Sed group did at 2, 4,
6, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 40, 46, 50, 52, 56, and 60 min. However, there was no
significant difference among the groups in carbohydrate oxidation during the
1-h exercise. SP doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg did not show any effect on
fat and carbohydrate oxidation. [Conclusion] In conclusion, 800 mg/kg of silk peptide is the optimal dose for enhancing
fat metabolism during exercise. In addition, silk peptide treatment could
reduce body weight by enhancing fat metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heajung Suh
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ampawong S, Isarangkul D, Aramwit P. Sericin ameliorated dysmorphic mitochondria in high-cholesterol diet/streptozotocin rat by antioxidative property. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:411-421. [PMID: 27903836 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216681553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sericin has been implicated in lower cholesterolemic effect due to its properties with several mechanisms. Mitochondria are one of the most important targets to be affected in high blood cholesterol and glucose conditions. The protective role of sericin on mitochondria remains doubtful. To examine this role, electron microscopic, histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies were performed in a high-cholesterol diet/streptozotocin rat model. The results demonstrated that sericin reduced blood cholesterol without hypoglycemic effect. Sericin alleviated dysmorphic mitochondria in heart and liver but not in kidney and also decreased peculiar endoplasmic reticulum in the exocrine pancreas. In addition, sericin decreased hepatic steatosis and preserved zymogen granule referable to the decline of reactive oxygen species production in hepatic mitochondrial extraction and down-regulation of malondialdehyde expression in the liver and exocrine pancreas however irrelevant to lipase activity. This study suggests that sericin has antioxidative property to reduce blood cholesterol by means of diminishing fat deposit in hepatocyte and improves mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum integrities. [Box: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumate Ampawong
- 1 Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Duangnate Isarangkul
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- 3 Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit and Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kunz RI, Brancalhão RMC, Ribeiro LDFC, Natali MRM. Silkworm Sericin: Properties and Biomedical Applications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8175701. [PMID: 27965981 PMCID: PMC5124675 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8175701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Silk sericin is a natural polymer produced by silkworm, Bombyx mori, which surrounds and keeps together two fibroin filaments in silk thread used in the cocoon. The recovery and reuse of sericin usually discarded by the textile industry not only minimizes environmental issues but also has a high scientific and commercial value. The physicochemical properties of the molecule are responsible for numerous applications in biomedicine and are influenced by the extraction method and silkworm lineage, which can lead to variations in molecular weight and amino acid concentration of sericin. The presence of highly hydrophobic amino acids and its antioxidant potential make it possible for sericin to be applied in the food and cosmetic industry. The moisturizing power allows indications as a therapeutic agent for wound healing, stimulating cell proliferation, protection against ultraviolet radiation, and formulating creams and shampoos. The antioxidant activity associated with low digestibility of sericin that expands the application in the medical field, such as antitumour, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, anticoagulant, acts in colon health, improving constipation and protects the body from obesity through improved plasma lipid profile. In addition, the properties of sericin allow its application as a culture medium and cryopreservation, in tissue engineering and for drug delivery, demonstrating its effective use, as an important biomaterial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Inês Kunz
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rose Meire Costa Brancalhão
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko Ribeiro
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, State University of Western Paraná, Rua Universitária, 2069, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Raquel Marçal Natali
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lapphanichayakool P, Sutheerawattananonda M, Limpeanchob N. Hypocholesterolemic effect of sericin-derived oligopeptides in high-cholesterol fed rats. J Nat Med 2016; 71:208-215. [PMID: 27771849 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of cholesterol-lowering proteins and/or peptides derived from various dietary sources is continuously reported. A non-dietary protein from silk cocoon, sericin, has also demonstrated cholesterol-lowering activity. A sericin hydrolysate prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis was also expected to posses this effect. The present study was aimed at investigating the cholesterol-lowering effect of sericin peptides, so called "sericin-derived oligopeptides" (SDO) both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that SDO at all three doses tested (10 mg kg-1 day-1, 50 mg kg-1 day-1, and 200 mg kg-1 day-1) suppressed serum total and non-HDL cholesterol levels in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly changed among all groups. The fecal contents of bile acids and cholesterol did not differ among high-cholesterol fed rats. SDO dose-dependently reduced cholesterol solubility in lipid micelles, and inhibited cholesterol uptake in monolayer Caco-2 cells. SDO also effectively bound to all three types of bile salts including taurocholate, deoxytaurocholate, and glycodeoxycholate. Direct interaction with bile acids of SDO may disrupt micellar cholesterol solubility, and subsequently reduce the absorption of dietary cholesterol in intestines. Taking all data together, SDO or sericin peptides exhibit a beneficial effect on blood cholesterol levels and could be potentially used as a health-promoting dietary supplement or nutraceutical product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phakhamon Lapphanichayakool
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | | | - Nanteetip Limpeanchob
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Processing and characterization of silk sericin from Bombyx mori and its application in biomaterials and biomedicines. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 61:940-52. [PMID: 26838924 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk is composed of 60-80% fibroin, 15-35% sericin and 1-5% non-sericin component including wax, pigments, sugars and other impurities. For two decades, the protein-based silk fibroin was extensively used in the research and development of medical biomaterials and biomedicines. Sericin is frequently ignored and abandoned as a byproduct or waste in the processing of traditional silk fabrics, silk floss or modern silk biomaterials. However, similar to fibroin, sericin is not only a highly useful biological material, but also a lot of biological activity. Moreover, the non-sericin component present with sericin in the cocoon shell also has a strong biological activity. In this review, the extraction and recovery methods of sericin and the non-sericin component from the cocoon layer are reported, and their composition, properties and biological activity are described to produce a comprehensive report on biomedical materials and biological drugs. In addition, related problems or concerns present in the research and development of sericin are discussed, and a potential application of sericin in sustainable development is also presented.
Collapse
|
33
|
Jo YN, Park BD, Um IC. Effect of storage and drying temperature on the gelation behavior and structural characteristics of sericin. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:936-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
34
|
Jo YN, Um IC. Effects of solvent on the solution properties, structural characteristics and properties of silk sericin. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:287-95. [PMID: 25869308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sericin films have attracted much attention from researchers in biomedical and cosmetic fields because of its unique properties, including good cytocompatibility and its promotion of wound healing. However, poor mechanical properties of sericin films have restricted its application in these fields. In this study, a new solvent, formic acid, was used to fabricate sericin solutions and films. The effects of formic acid on the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the sericin solutions and films were examined and compared with water. The sericin/formic acid solution showed fewer aggregated sericin molecules, resulting in a lower turbidity than that of the sericin/water solution. In addition, the gelation of the sericin solution was retarded in formic acid compared to that of water. Sericin films cast from the formic acid solution exhibited a much higher crystallinity index than that produced from water. The tensile strength and elongation of the sericin films cast from the formic acid solution were more than double that of the sericin films cast from water. It is expected that the more stable sericin solution and high-crystallinity sericin films, which have significantly improved mechanical properties, produced by using formic acid as the solvent could be utilized in biomedical and cosmetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Nam Jo
- Department of Bio-Fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Um
- Department of Bio-Fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen Z, Yang S, He Y, Song C, Liu Y. Effect of sericin on diabetic hippocampal growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1756-64. [PMID: 25206472 PMCID: PMC4145953 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.19.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that sericin extracted from silk cocoon significantly reduces blood glucose levels and protects the nervous system against diabetes mellitus. In this study, a rat type 2 diabetes mellitus model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin for 3 successive days, following which the rats were treated with sericin for 35 days. After treatment, the blood glucose levels of the diabetic rats decreased significantly, the growth hormone level in serum and its expression in the hippocampus decreased significantly, while the insulin-like growth factor-1 level in serum and insulin-like growth factor-1 and growth hormone receptor expression in the hippocampus increased significantly. The experimental findings indicate that sericin improves disorders of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis to alleviate hippocampal damage in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Songhe Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yaqiang He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Chengjun Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim J, Hwang H, Park J, Yun HY, Suh H, Lim K. Silk peptide treatment can improve the exercise performance of mice. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014; 11:35. [PMID: 25050085 PMCID: PMC4094671 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that silk peptide (SP) treatment led to increased resting fat oxidation in exercised mice. However, it was not known whether SP treatment could effectively increase exercise capacity. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine whether SP treatment affected energy metabolism during exercise in addition to exercise performance. METHODS We randomized 36 7-week-old male ICR mice into 2 groups: the control (n = 18) and SP (n = 18) groups. All mice were trained by treadmill running 5 times per week for 2 weeks. SP was dissolved in distilled water and daily 800-mg/kg body weight doses before the running exercise were oral administered intraperitoneally to the SP group for 2 weeks. [Formula: see text] was measured before and after the 2 weeks training period. We also assessed energy metabolism during exercise for 1 h after the 2 week training period. In addition to blood samples, liver glycogen and gastrocnemius-white and gastrocnemius-red muscle was obtained at the following 3 time points: at rest, immediately after exercise, and 1-hour post exercise. RESULTS The [Formula: see text] max after 2 weeks of training was significantly increased (8%) in the SP group compared to the baseline; a similar result was not observed in the CON group. The sum of fat oxidation during a 1-h period tended to be 13% higher in the SP group than in the CON group (P < 0.077). In particular, the sum of fat oxidation was significantly higher in the SP group during the initial 20-min phase than that in the CON group (P < 0.05). The glycogen concentration in the white gastrocnemius muscle did not differ between the groups either rest or after 1 h of exercise but was significantly higher in the SP group than in the CON group during the recovery period (1 h post-exercise completion). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SP treatment can improve the exercise performance. Therefore, SP is considered to confer beneficial effects upon athletes, in whom exercise abilities are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Yeon Yun
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Heajung Suh
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yoo YJ, Um IC. Effect of Extraction Time on the Rheological Properties of Sericin Solutions and Gels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7852/ijie.2013.27.1.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
38
|
Silk proteins stimulate osteoblast differentiation by suppressing the Notch signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells. Nutr Res 2013; 33:162-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
39
|
Dietary sericin enhances epidermal levels of glucosylceramides and ceramides with up-regulating protein expressions of glucosylceramide synthase, β-glucocerebrosidase and acidic sphingomyelinase in NC/Nga mice. Nutr Res 2012; 32:956-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
40
|
Jung SR, Song NJ, Hwang HS, An JJ, Cho YJ, Kweon HY, Kang SW, Lee KG, Yoon K, Kim BJ, Nho CW, Choi SY, Park KW. Silk peptides inhibit adipocyte differentiation through modulation of the Notch pathway in C3H10T1/2 cells. Nutr Res 2012; 31:723-30. [PMID: 22024497 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Silk protein is a biocompatible material that has been used in many biotechnological applications and exhibits body fat-lowering effects. Recent studies have shown that silk peptides increase expression of osteogenic markers in osteoblast-like cells. Because osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation from common mesenchymal progenitor cells are inverse processes and often regulated reciprocally, we hypothesized that silk peptides might suppress adipocyte differentiation. We therefore endeavored to evaluate the effects of silk peptides on adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells. We find that silk peptides inhibit lipid accumulation and morphological differentiation in these cells. Molecular studies show that silk peptides block expression of adipocyte-specific genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and its targets, including aP2, Cd36, CCAAT enhancer binding proteinα. Silk peptides appear to inhibit adipogenesis by suppression of the Notch pathway, repressing the Notch target genes Hes-1 and Hey-1. In addition, these peptides inhibit endogenous Notch activation, as shown by a reduction in generation of Notch intracellular domain. N-[N-(3.5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butylester, compound E, and WPE-III-31C, which are all known Notch signaling inhibitors, block adipocyte differentiation to an extent similar to silk peptides. Together, our data demonstrate that silk peptides can modulate adipocyte differentiation through inhibition of the Notch signaling and further suggest potential future strategies for treating obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dietary silk protein, sericin, improves epidermal hydration with increased levels of filaggrins and free amino acids in NC/Nga mice. Br J Nutr 2012; 108:1726-35. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511007306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal hydration is maintained primarily by natural moisturising factors (NMF), of which free amino acids (AA) are major constituents that are generated by filaggrin degradation. To identify dietary sources that may improve skin dryness of atopic dermatitis (AD), we investigated dietary effects of silk proteins, sericin and fibroin, on epidermal levels of hydration, filaggrins and free AA, as well as PPARγ, peptidylarginine deiminase-3 (PAD3) and caspase-14 proteins involved in filaggrin expression and degradation processes. NC/Nga mice, an animal model of AD, were fed a control diet (group CA: atopic control) or diets with 1 % sericin (group S) or fibroin (group F) for 10 weeks. In group S, epidermal levels of hydration, total filaggrins and total free AA, as well as PPARγ, PAD3 and caspase-14, which were reduced in group CA, were increased to higher or similar levels of a normal control group of BALB/c mice (group C). Furthermore, profilaggrin, a precursor with multiple filaggrin repeats, and three repeat intermediates were increased, while two repeat intermediates and filaggrin were decreased in parallel with increased levels of glutamate and serine, major AA of NMF in group S. Despite increased levels of total filaggrins, total free AA, PPARγ and PAD3, epidermal levels of hydration, glutamate, serine and caspase-14 were not increased, but other minor AA of NMF were highly detected in group F. Dietary sericin improves epidermal hydration in parallel with enhancing profilaggrin expression and degradation into free AA that is coupled with elevated levels of PPARγ, PAD3 and caspase-14 proteins.
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhu L, Hu RP, Wang HY, Wang YJ, Zhang YQ. Bioconjugation of neutral protease on silk fibroin nanoparticles and application in the controllable hydrolysis of sericin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:10298-10302. [PMID: 21846144 DOI: 10.1021/jf202036v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk fibroin is a protein-based macromolecular biopolymer with remarkable biocompatibility. Silk fiber was degummed and subjected to a series of treatments, including dissolution and dialysis, to yield an aqueous solution of silk fibroin, which was introduced rapidly into excess acetone to produce crystalline silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs). The SFNs were conjugated covalently with a neutral protease (NP) using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking reagent. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for biosynthesis of the SFN-NP bioconjugates. First, SFN-NP was obtained by covalent cross-linking of SFN and NP at an SFN/NP ratio of 5-8 mg:1 IU with 0.75% glutaraldehyde for 6 h at 25 °C. When adding 50 IU of the enzyme, the residual activity of biological conjugates was increased to 31.45%. Studies on the enzyme activity of SFN-NP and its kinetics showed that the stability of SFN-NP bioconjugates was greater than that of the free enzyme, the optimum reactive temperature range was increased by 5-10 °C, and the optimum pH value range was increased to 6.5-8.0. Furthermore, the thermal stability was improved to some extent. A controlled hydrolysis test using the poorly water-soluble protein sericin as a substrate and SFN-NP as the enzyme showed that the longer the reaction time (within 1 h), the smaller the molecular mass (<30 kDa) is of the sericin peptide produced. The SFN-NP bioconjugate is easily recovered by centrifugation and can be used repeatedly. The highly efficient processing technology and the use of SFN as a novel vector for a protease has great potential for research and the development of food processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, and Silk Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Basic Medical and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, No. 199, 702-2303 Room, Renai Road, Dushuhu Higher Edu. Town, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|