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Wang X, Hu D, Liao F, Chen S, Meng Y, Dai J, Dong TTX, Lao Z, Yu L, Liang Y, Lai X, Tsim KWK, Li G. Comparative proteomic analysis of edible bird's nest from different origins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15859. [PMID: 37739981 PMCID: PMC10516954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) mainly made of saliva that secreted by a variety of swiftlets is a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine. EBNs from different biological and geographical origins exhibit varieties in morphology, material composition, nutritive value and commercial value. Here, we collected four different EBN samples from Huaiji, China (Grass EBN), Nha Trang, Vietnam (Imperial EBN) and East Kalimantan, Indonesia (White EBN and Feather EBN) respectively, and applied label-free quantitative MS-based proteomics technique to identify its protein composition. First, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on cytb gene to identify its biological origin. Second, a total of 37 proteins of EBNs were identified, among which there were six common proteins that detected in all samples and exhibited relatively higher content. Gene ontology analysis revealed the possible function of EBN proteins, and principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis based on 37 proteins were performed to compare the difference of various EBNs. In summary, our study deciphered the common and characteristic protein components of EBNs of different origins and described their possible functions by GO enrichment analysis, which helps to establish an objective and reliable quality evaluation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingwen Hu
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoping Lai
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Yuan M, Lin X, Wang D, Dai J. Proteins: Neglected active ingredients in edible bird's nest. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:383-390. [PMID: 37538855 PMCID: PMC10394320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a kind of natural invigorant with a long history of consumption in Asia, especially in China. EBN is formed by mixing the saliva of swiftlets (Aerodramus) with feathers and other components during the breeding season. Proteins are the most important nutrient in EBN. By studying proteins in EBN, we can not only elucidate their components at the molecular level, but also study their bioactivities. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the proteins in EBN. Previous research on the proteins in EBN was preliminary and cursory, and no one has summarized and analyzed the proteins in EBN and correlated the bioactivities of these proteins with the biological functions of EBN. This article focused on the proteins in EBN, listed the proteins identified in different proteomic studies, and introduced the sources, structures and bioactivities of the most frequently identified proteins, including acidic mammalian chitinase, lysyl oxidase homolog 3, mucin-5AC, ovoinhibitor, nucleobindin-2, calcium-binding protein (MW: 4.5 × 104) and glucose-regulated protein (MW: 7.8 × 104). The properties of these proteins are closely related to the bioactivities of EBN. Therefore, this article can provide inspiration for further research on the efficacy of EBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Yuan
- Hebei Edible Bird's Nest Fresh Stew Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065700, China
| | - Xiaoxian Lin
- Hebei Edible Bird's Nest Fresh Stew Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065700, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Hebei Edible Bird's Nest Fresh Stew Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065700, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianye Dai
- Hebei Edible Bird's Nest Fresh Stew Technology Innovation Center, Langfang 065700, China
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li LF, Cheng HY, Lang J, Wong TL, Zhang JX, Wu WJ, Zhang QW, Kong HY, Lai CH, Fung HY, Liu M, Bao WR, Huo CY, Zheng HM, Hou QK, Bai SP, Han QB. An oligosaccharide marker for rapid authentication of edible bird's nest. Food Chem 2023; 409:135334. [PMID: 36586266 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is a popular and expensive food material. The limited supply and great demand result in the use of adulterants. The authenticity concern is raised due to the lack of appropriate quality markers. Herein, this study aims to provide a specific oligosaccharide marker for rapid EBN authentication. Comparing the benzocaine (ABEE)-labeled saccharide profiles of multiple batches of EBN and adulterants indicates seven unique EBN oligosaccharides. The most abundant one, named BNM001, was selected as a marker and characterized to be Neu5Ac (2-3) Gal by MS and NMR spectra. This new oligosaccharide marker enables a rapid authentication of EBN within 10 min. ABEE labelling of this marker further upgraded the accuracy and sensitivity of the LC-qTOF-MS quantitative analysis. The relative marker content was associated with the quality of EBN products. These results suggest a specific and efficient quality marker for rapid authentication of EBN and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Lang
- Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin-Long Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Xia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Quan-Wei Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau-Yee Kong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Check-Hei Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau-Yee Fung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan-Rong Bao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chu-Ying Huo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hong-Ming Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiu-Ke Hou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Su-Ping Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines Limited, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Kong HK, Chan Z, Yan SW, Lo PY, Wong WT, Wong KH, Lo CL. Revealing the species-specific genotype of the edible bird’s nest-producing swiftlet, Aerodramus fuciphagus and the proteome of edible bird’s nest. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu WJ, Li LF, Cheng HY, Fung HY, Kong HY, Wong TL, Zhang QW, Liu M, Bao WR, Huo CY, Han QB. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Edible Bird's Nest Based on Peptide Markers by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092945. [PMID: 35566296 PMCID: PMC9104280 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) is an expensive health food. There are many adulterants in the market. It remains challenging to discriminate EBN from its adulterants due to a lack of high-specificity markers. Besides, the current markers are confined to soluble fraction of EBN. Here, both soluble and insoluble fractions were analyzed by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. A total of 26 high-specificity peptides that were specific to EBN were selected as qualitative authentication markers. Among them, 10 markers can discriminate EBN from common adulterants, 13 markers discriminate white EBN from grass EBN/common adulterants, and 3 markers discriminate grass EBN from white EBN/common adulterants. Three of them, which showed high signal abundance (Peak area ≥ 106) and satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.995) with EBN references, were selected as the assay marker; and their peptide sequences were confidently identified by searching database/de novo sequencing. Based on these markers, a qualitative and quantitative analytical method was successfully developed and well-validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, and accuracy. The method was subsequently applied to detect EBN products on the market. The results indicated that more than half of EBN products were not consistent with what the merchants claimed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Li-Feng Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Hau-Yee Fung
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Hau-Yee Kong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Tin-Long Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Quan-Wei Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Man Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Wan-Rong Bao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Chu-Ying Huo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (W.-J.W.); (L.-F.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (H.-Y.F.); (H.-Y.K.); (T.-L.W.); (Q.-W.Z.); (M.L.); (W.-R.B.); (C.-Y.H.)
- Hong Kong Authentication Centre of Valuable Chinese Medicines, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-34112906; Fax: +852-34112461
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6
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Chantakun K, Nilsuwan K, Sripradit A, Benjakul S. House and cave edible bird’s nest: Characteristics and quality of sterilised beverages containing the selected bird’s nest. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasidate Chantakun
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE‐SSI) Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Krisana Nilsuwan
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE‐SSI) Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Autthapon Sripradit
- Faculty of Science and Social Sciences Burapha University Watthana Nakhon Sakaeo 72160 Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation (ICE‐SSI) Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand
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7
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Jiang Y, Du S, Xu M, Yu T, Zhou B, Yu F, Jiang H, Yang L, Su M, Liu H. Tracking structural changes of protein residues by two-dimensional correlation surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Food Chem 2022; 382:132237. [PMID: 35144188 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In-situ tracking structural changes of protein residues was developed by two-dimensional correlation surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2DC-SERS). The change order of SERS fingerprints during artificial nitrification of edible bird's nest (EBN) was interpreted as the structural changes of amino acid residues. It inherently realizes reliable recognition of natural EBN and artificially dyed fakes. Both this direct structural tracking of protein residues and the indirect azo dye testing of nitrites/nitrosamines could be used as indicators for discriminating different EBN before and after the artificial dyeing. Limit of detection (LOD) for nitrite and NDMA is about 40.6 ppb and 88.1 ppb, respectively. A conceptual logical circuit of the OR gate was constructed by considering the protein structural indicator (INPUT1) and the nitrite indicator (INPUT2) as two independent inputs for automatic recognition of different EBN samples. A data-driven analog soft independent modeling (DD-SIMCA) model could quickly distinguish normal EBN from A-EBN with 98% specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jiang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shanshan Du
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Min Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Ting Yu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Baomei Zhou
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fanfan Yu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Lina Yang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Mengke Su
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Honglin Liu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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8
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Monson EA, Trenerry AM, Laws JL, Mackenzie JM, Helbig KJ. Lipid droplets and lipid mediators in viral infection and immunity. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa066. [PMID: 33512504 PMCID: PMC8371277 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) contribute to key pathways important for the physiology and pathophysiology of cells. In a homeostatic view, LDs regulate the storage of neutral lipids, protein sequestration, removal of toxic lipids and cellular communication; however, recent advancements in the field show these organelles as essential for various cellular stress response mechanisms, including inflammation and immunity, with LDs acting as hubs that integrate metabolic and inflammatory processes. The accumulation of LDs has become a hallmark of infection, and is often thought to be virally driven; however, recent evidence is pointing to a role for the upregulation of LDs in the production of a successful immune response to viral infection. The fatty acids housed in LDs are also gaining interest due to the role that these lipid species play during viral infection, and their link to the synthesis of bioactive lipid mediators that have been found to have a very complex role in viral infection. This review explores the role of LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators during viral infections and poses a paradigm shift in thinking in the field, whereby LDs may play pivotal roles in protecting the host against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony A Monson
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
| | - Alice M Trenerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia, 3000
| | - Jay L Laws
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia, 3000
| | - Karla J Helbig
- School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3083
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Lee TH, Wani WA, Lee CH, Cheng KK, Shreaz S, Wong S, Hamdan N, Azmi NA. Edible Bird's Nest: The Functional Values of the Prized Animal-Based Bioproduct From Southeast Asia-A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626233. [PMID: 33953670 PMCID: PMC8089372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) is the most prized health delicacy among the Chinese population in the world. Although some scientific characterization and its bioactivities have been studied and researched, no lights have been shed on its actual composition or mechanism. The aim of this review paper is to address the advances of EBN as a therapeutic animal bioproduct, challenges and future perspectives of research involving EBN. The methodology of this review primarily involved a thorough search from the literature undertaken on Web of Science (WoS) using the keyword "edible bird nest". Other information were obtained from the field/market in Malaysia, one of the largest EBN-producing countries. This article collects and describes the publications related to EBN and its therapeutic with diverse functional values. EBN extracts display anti-aging effects, inhibition of influenza virus infection, alternative traditional medicine in athletes and cancer patients, corneal wound healing effects, stimulation of proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cells, potentiate of mitogenic response, epidermal growth factor-like activities, enhancement of bone strength and dermal thickness, eye care, neuroprotective and antioxidant effects. In-depth literature study based on scientific findings were carried out on EBN and its properties. More importantly, the future direction of EBN in research and development as health-promoting ingredients in food and the potential treatment of certain diseases have been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Pagoh Research Center, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia
| | - Waseem A Wani
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chia Hau Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kian Kai Cheng
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology for Advanced Bioprocessing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Pagoh Research Center, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Oral Microbiology General Facility Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences Center, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Syieluing Wong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norfadilah Hamdan
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alia Azmi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
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10
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Hui Yan T, Lim SJ, Babji AS, Rawi MH, Sarbini SR. Enzymatic hydrolysis: Sialylated mucin (SiaMuc) glycoprotein of edible swiftlet's nest (ESN) and its molecular weight distribution as bioactive ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide hydrolysate. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 175:422-431. [PMID: 33561458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive edible swiftlet's nest (ESN) sialylated-mucin (SiaMuc) hydrolysate is produced by alcalase hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis of ESN breakdown high-valued ESN SiaMuc-glycoprotein into bioactive SiaMuc-glycopeptide. This is a breakthrough for the issue of insolubility and low extraction rate in ESN, and even increases the bioavailability of ESN nutritional functionality and health benefits. Hydrolysis of ESN SiaMuc-glycoprotein was performed for 1 to 4 h and its effect on physicochemical properties, molecular weight (MW) distribution, SiaMuc-glycoprotein and glycopeptide integrity were determined. Other than improvement in solubility and bioavailability as SiaMuc-glycopeptide, results from SDS-PAGE revealed that MW of SiaMuc-glycoprotein decreased from 42.0-148.8 kDa to 17.7-142.7 kDa with increasing hydrolysis period. Further hydrolysis from maximized DH (90 min) showed an insignificant effect on the MW of ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide and remained constant at 15.2 kDa. This highlights that enzymatic hydrolysis only influences macro SiaMuc-glycoprotein fractions (142.7, 115.3 and 102.7 kDa), while the majority of SiaMuc-glycopeptide fractions from 36.6-98.6 kDa remained intact. Conclusively, alcalase hydrolysis of ESN showed high recovery in the form of bioactive ESN SiaMuc-glycopeptide. Therefore, enzymatic biotechnology is an economic alternative applicable on ESN that broaden industrial utilization by reducing the MW without destroying the quality of bioactive SiaMuc-glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Hui Yan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Seng Joe Lim
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abdul Salam Babji
- Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Innovation and Technology Transfer (INOVASI-UKM), Chancellery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhamad Hanif Rawi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Shahrul Razid Sarbini
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Campus, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia; Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor.
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11
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Hun Lee T, Hau Lee C, Alia Azmi N, Kavita S, Wong S, Znati M, Ben Jannet H. Characterization of Polar and Non-Polar Compounds of House Edible Bird's Nest (EBN) from Johor, Malaysia. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e1900419. [PMID: 31721431 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the polar (PC: protein, amino acid and metabolite) and non-polar (NPC: fatty acid) compounds and bioactivity characteristics of the EBN harvested from the state of Johor in Malaysia. The electrophoretic gels exhibited 15 protein bands (16-173 kD) with unique protein profile. Amino acids analysis by AccQ⋅Tag method revealed 18 types of amino acids in EBN. Metabolite profiling was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (HPLC-QTOF/MS) technique and a total of 54 compounds belonging to different groups were detected and identified. These findings help to uncover the relation of therapeutic activity of EBN. The EBN was further extracted with AcOEt and BuOH. The AcOEt extract was fractionated into three fractions (F1 -F3 ), and the high triglyceride content in F2 was verified by gC-FID. The three groups of fatty acids discovered in EBN are 48.43 % of poly-unsaturated (PUFA), 25.35 % of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and 24.74 % of mono-unsaturated fat (MUFA). This is the first time to report results ofEBN, BuOH, and AcOEt extracts and of fraction F2 (TEBN) on their analysis for their antioxidant activities by DPPH, ABTS and catalase assay and for their paraoxonase and anti-tyrosinase activities. The results showed that TEBN exhibited the significant bioactivity in all assays. These findings suggest that TEBN is a good source for natural bioactive compounds in promoting body vigor. Current work widened the content of EBN especially on the triglyceride and also marked the content of specific location (Johor, Malaysia) of EBN origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hun Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chia Hau Lee
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Alia Azmi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Supparmaniam Kavita
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Syieluing Wong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mansour Znati
- Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
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12
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13
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Identification and determination of glycoprotein of edible brid's nest by nanocomposites based lateral flow immunoassay. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Wong ZCF, Chan GKL, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Origin of Red Color in Edible Bird's Nests Directed by the Binding of Fe Ions to Acidic Mammalian Chitinase-like Protein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5644-5653. [PMID: 29751728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The red color of edible bird's nests (EBNs) has remained a mystery for hundreds of years. Here, different analytical methods were employed to identify the color origin of EBNs. The treatment of white EBNs with NaNO2/HCl turned them red. In a simulated-gastric-fluid (SGF)-digested EBN, the HPLC chromatogram, NMR spectrum, circular-dichroism spectrum, and Raman spectrum of a NaNO2-treated white EBN closely resembled those of an authentic red EBN. From the HPLC chromatogram of the SGF-digested EBN, the peptides associated with red color were identified in a red EBN and NaNO2-treated white EBN. Several lines of evidence indicated that the color-containing peptide could be derived from the acidic mammalian chitinase-like (AMCase-like) protein of EBNs. Additionally, there was a noticeable increase in Fe-O-bonding intensity after the color change. On the basis of the findings, we proposed that the oxidation of Fe ions in AMCase-like proteins contributed significantly to the color change of EBNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zack C F Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible & Medicinal Bioresources , Hi-Tech Park , Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 , China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Gallant K L Chan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible & Medicinal Bioresources , Hi-Tech Park , Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 , China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible & Medicinal Bioresources , Hi-Tech Park , Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 , China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Edible & Medicinal Bioresources , Hi-Tech Park , Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057 , China
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine R&D , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR , China
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15
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Huang S, Zhao L, Chen Q, Qin Z, Zhou J, Qiu Y, Zhang Y, Ma M. Physicochemical Characteristics of Edible Bird’s Nest Proteins and Their Cooking Processing Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2017-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Edible bird’s nest (EBN) has a high nutritional and medicinal value. In this study, physicochemical and processing properties of EBN proteins were investigated for better application of EBN. EBN proteins were extracted by combination of several methods. Electrophoresis showed that EBN contained proteins with molecular weight of 128, 106, 80, 55, 43, and 34 kDa. The denaturation temperature of EBN proteins was 62.5°C and heating promoted hydrophobicity as well as dramatically affecting the gel microstructure of EBN proteins. EBN proteins also showed excellent emulsifying activity and stability while their foaming properties were not good enough.
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16
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Wong ZC, Chan GK, Wu L, Lam HH, Yao P, Dong TT, Tsim KW. A comprehensive proteomics study on edible bird’s nest using new monoclonal antibody approach and application in quality control. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Wong CF, Chan GKL, Zhang ML, Yao P, Lin HQ, Dong TTX, Li G, Lai XP, Tsim KWK. Characterization of edible bird’s nest by peptide fingerprinting with principal component analysis. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/fqs/fyx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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18
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Protein Extraction and Identification by Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry from Edible bird’s Nest Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Identification of peptides released from hot water insoluble fraction of edible bird's nest under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. Food Res Int 2016; 85:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Chua YG, Chan SH, Bloodworth BC, Li SFY, Leong LP. Identification of edible Bird’s nest with amino acid and monosaccharide analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:279-289. [PMID: 25392186 DOI: 10.1021/jf503157n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the approach of amino acid and monosaccharide combined with Hotelling T2 range plot to identify edible bird nests (EBN) and non-EBN. Prior to the approach, an analytical method was developed and validated to quantify monosaccharides in EBN. Hotelling T2 range plots of both compounds were successful in predicting the different types of EBN and differentiating EBN and non-EBN. This outcome suggests EBN contains a group of glycoproteins which is not affected by the EBN’s coloration, country of origin, and/or the processing method of the food item. In addition, the glycoproteins were shown to be unique to EBN. EBN were revealed to be rich in protein and essential amino acids as well as contain a wider variety of monosaccharides than most food items. The overall findings suggest that amino acid and monosaccharide provide information not only on the detected compounds and also insights into the glycoproteins of EBN.
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Yida Z, Imam MU, Ismail M. In vitro bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of edible bird's nest following simulated human gastro-intestinal digestion. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:468. [PMID: 25475744 PMCID: PMC4289220 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible birds' nest (EBN) is reported to be antioxidant-rich. However, the fate of its antioxidants after oral consumption is not yet reported. To explore this, we hypothesized that EBN antioxidants are released from their matrix when subjected to in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. METHODS EBN samples were extracted using hot water (100°C) with or without subsequent sequential enzymatic digestion using pepsin (10,000 units), pancreatin (36 mg) and bile extracts (112.5 mg). Additionally, pH changes (8.9 to 2 and back to 8.9) similar to the gut were applied, and a 10 KDa dialysis tubing was used to simulate gut absorption. The antioxidant capacities of the water extracts of EBN before and after digestion were then determined using ABTS and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, while the protective effects of the EBN samples against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity in HEPG2 cells were determined using MTT assay and acridine orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. RESULTS Antioxidant assays (ABTS and ORAC) showed that the undigested EBN water extract had little antioxidant activity (1 and 1%, respectively at 1000 μg/mL) while at similar concentrations the digested samples had significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced antioxidant activities, for samples inside (38 and 50%, respectively at 1000 μg/mL) and outside (36 and 50%, respectively at 1000 μg/mL) the dialysis tubing, representing absorbed and unabsorbed samples, respectively. Cell viability and toxicity assays also suggested that the EBN extracts were non-toxic to HEPG2 cells (cell viabilities of over 80% at 1000 μg/mL), while AOPI showed that the extracts protected HEPG2 cells from hydrogen peroxide induced-toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings, it is likely that EBN bioactives are released from their matrix when digested in the gut and then absorbed through the gut by passive-mediated transport to exert their functional effects. However, there is need to confirm these findings using in vivo systems to determine their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yida
- />Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- />Cardiology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, 067000 Chengde, Hebei China
| | - Mustapha Umar Imam
- />Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Maznah Ismail
- />Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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22
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Purification and identification of α 2–3 linked sialoglycoprotein and α 2–6 linked sialoglycoprotein in edible bird’s nest. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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